EA045743B1 - HEMP COLLECTION MACHINE - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a machine for collecting and processing hemp.

Over the course of a long time, many different machines have been created for harvesting and subsequent processing of fibrous plants. On the one hand, there are plant harvesting machines with which you can collect fibrous plants and lay the collected fibrous plants evenly in rows (rolls) on the surface of the ground. On the other hand, so-called wrappers have been developed by which the fibrous plants, after they have been laid flat on the ground at an earlier stage, can be grabbed, turned over and laid back on the ground in an inverted position. In turn, numerous varieties of processing machines of the two mentioned types are known. However, all of these varieties are designed to only turn over relatively short fibrous plants such as flax. Given the large differences in the characteristics of different fiber plants, including characteristics such as length as well as plant composition, a separate processing machine is actually used for each processing step and for each fiber plant. It has not yet been determined whether it is possible to create a processing machine that can process different types of fibrous plants and/or perform different types of processing in one machine.

The object of the present invention is to provide a hemp harvesting machine with which hemp can be harvested and furthermore processed in an efficient manner.

According to a first aspect, at least one of these problems is achieved by a hemp harvesting machine designed for collecting and processing hemp plants, wherein the hemp harvesting machine comprises a self-propelled vehicle comprising a vehicle chassis with at least a conveyor for transporting harvested and processed hemp plants in at least two streams from a first end to an opposing second end and at least a folding unit located at or adjacent to the second end for receiving respective streams of harvested, processed and transported hemp plants and then laying the accepted hemp plants on the ground in at least two rows;

a hemp harvesting apparatus mounted or mounted on the chassis of a vehicle and configured to collect hemp plants, wherein the hemp harvesting apparatus comprises:

a first collection element configured to collect the lower part of the hemp plants;

a second collection member configured to collect the top portion of the hemp plants;

wherein the first collection element comprises a first transport device configured to grab a portion of the hemp plants that is a lower portion relative to the surface of the ground, pull the captured hemp plants out of the ground along with the roots, and transport the lower parts of the hemp plants to the conveyor of the vehicle;

wherein the second collection element comprises a cutting unit for cutting the hemp plants at a location between the top and bottom portions of the hemp plants, and the second collection element comprises a second transport device configured to pick up a portion of the hemp plants that is an upper portion relative to the ground surface and transport the upper parts of the hemp plants to the conveyor of the vehicle, and the cutting unit is configured to cut the hemp plants during transportation.

In an embodiment, the first and second collection elements are positioned relative to each other such that, while the vehicle is moving, the second collection element first grabs and cuts off the upper parts of the hemp plants, and only then the first collection element grabs the lower parts of the hemp plants.

In an embodiment, the contact point of the second transport device with the hemp plants is located at a greater distance from the first end of the vehicle than the contact point of the first transport device. Thus, the upper part of the hemp plants is first grabbed by the second conveying device, and only then is the upper part of the hemp plants cut off, after which the lower part of the hemp plants is grabbed by the first conveying device, and then the lower part of the hemp plants is pulled out of the ground.

In an embodiment of the invention, the difference (Aa) between the first distance (a _b from the first end of the vehicle to the contact point of the second transport device and the second distance (a ₂ ) from the first end of the vehicle to the contact point of the first transport device is at least 10 cm, preferably 15-250 cm.

This distance ensures that the upper collection element has time to grab and cut off the hemp plants before the lower collection element comes into contact with the same hemp plants.

In another embodiment, the vehicle conveyor is configured to receive separately the upper parts and lower parts of the harvested hemp plants and to stack the separately received and transported upper and lower parts of the harvested hemp plants.

In another embodiment, the vehicle conveyor comprises a first conveyor configured to receive hemp plant tops from a second collection member;

a second conveyor substantially parallel to the first conveyor and configured to receive lower portions of hemp plants from the first collection member.

In another embodiment, the transport devices are configured to rotate the hemp plants during transport, in particular to rotate the hemp plants from a substantially vertical position to a substantially recumbent position.

In another embodiment, the cutting unit is mounted on the second collection element.

In another embodiment, the cutting unit includes at least a movable support that is located on or integrally formed with the upper collection element.

In another embodiment, the movable support includes a remote control actuator for remotely controlling the height adjustment of the cutting unit relative to the rest of the collection top.

In another embodiment, the hemp harvesting machine comprises a root cutting apparatus configured to cut root portions from the lower portions of hemp plants, the root cutting apparatus being preferably mounted on the first collection member and/or the root cutting apparatus being preferably configured to cut root parts, where the lower parts of the hemp plants are in a substantially vertical position.

In another embodiment, the root cutter includes at least a remote control actuator, such as a retractable cylinder or electric motor, for remotely controlling the height adjustment of the root cutter.

In another embodiment, the hemp harvesting machine includes unloading means for unloading the cut root parts from the root cutting apparatus onto the surface of the ground, and the unloading means for unloading the root parts are preferably configured to dump the root parts on the ground in front of one or more wheels of the vehicle in an axial direction. direction.

In another embodiment, the hemp harvesting machine comprises a top-cutting apparatus configured to cut the tops from the top portions of hemp plants, the top-cutting apparatus being preferably mounted on the second collecting element.

In another embodiment, the top cutting apparatus is located on the collecting element for lateral movement and is equipped with at least one actuator for setting the lateral cutting position of the fibrous plant parts to be transported, respectively, to the first and second conveyor on the vehicle by moving the corresponding cutting device in the lateral direction.

In another embodiment, the top-cutting apparatus is configured to cut off the tops when the top portions of the hemp plants are in a substantially recumbent position.

In another embodiment, the hemp harvesting machine comprises first unloading means for discharging the cut tops from the top cutting apparatus into an assembly element on a self-propelled vehicle, the first unloading means preferably comprising an outlet pipe and a suction pump for collecting and discharging the cut tops.

In another embodiment, the hemp harvesting machine includes first lifting means located between the vehicle chassis and the first collection element for the purpose of rotatably positioning the first collection element relative to the vehicle chassis.

In another embodiment, a machine for collecting hemp contains additional lifting means located between the vehicle chassis and the first collection element and/or between the first and second collection elements and configured to set the rotary position of the second collection element relative to the vehicle chassis and/or the first element collection

In another embodiment, each transport device includes at least one pair of endless conveyor belts that extend around the pulleys and are configured to capture hemp plants between them and transport the hemp plants in the captured state.

In another embodiment, the hemp harvesting machine comprises one or more hydraulic motors and/or electric motors configured to drive one or more endless conveyor belt pulleys of the conveying devices, wherein the hydraulic motor is preferably embedded such that one motor drives one or two pulleys.

In another embodiment, the hemp harvesting machine contains one or more electric motors configured to drive one or more pulleys of the endless conveyor belts of the transport devices.

In another embodiment, the upper rotating collection member is rotatably positioned on the first rotating collection member.

In another embodiment, the upper and lower collection members may be connected to the vehicle chassis using hinges.

In another embodiment, compression means are provided for compressing parts of the hemp plants transported by the second collection element. The compression means may comprise pressure rollers for compressing the hemp plants transported between them.

In another embodiment, a collection element is provided for collecting and storing cut parts of harvested hemp plants.

According to another aspect, there is provided a method for harvesting and processing hemp plants, the method including driving a vehicle on the surface of the earth and moving it along the surface of the earth:

capturing hemp plants rooted in the ground using a collection top;

cutting the top parts of hemp plants from the bottom parts;

capturing the remaining lower parts of hemp plants that are rooted in the ground and from which the upper parts have been cut, using the lower element to collect after cutting off the upper parts;

pulling out the lower parts from the ground along with the roots, using the first element for collection;

transporting the first parts and second parts of the hemp plants to one or more stacking units;

laying the received parts of hemp plants on the ground in at least two rows using laying units.

The method may include, while the machine is moving, first collecting and cutting off the top portions of the hemp plants using a second collection member, and only then grasping the lower portions of the hemp plants using the first collection member. The method may also include receiving separately the tops and bottoms of harvested hemp plants and stacking the separately received and transported tops and bottoms of the harvested hemp plants.

In certain embodiments, the method includes receiving the top portions of hemp plants from a second collection element using a first conveyor and receiving the bottom portions of hemp plants from the first collection element using a separate second conveyor.

In certain embodiments, the method includes laying the first and second portions separately on the surface of the ground.

In certain embodiments, the method includes rotating the hemp plants during transport, particularly rotating the hemp plants from a substantially vertical position to a substantially recumbent position.

In certain embodiments, the method includes rotating the first collection element and/or the second collection element relative to the vehicle, preferably also rotating the cutting unit relative to the second collection element to set the length (lo) of the lower parts and the length (l _b ) of the upper parts parts of fibrous plants.

In certain embodiments, the method includes cutting tops from tops that have been cut off and/or cutting roots from bottoms of fibrous plants.

In certain embodiments, the method includes compressing the top portions of the fibrous plants.

Other advantages, features and design features of the invention are presented with reference to the following description of several embodiments. The description provides a link to the attached drawings.

In fig. 1 embodiment of a vehicle according to the invention, partial cross-sectional side view;

in fig. 2 - vehicle according to FIG. 1, equipped with a processing apparatus on the front side, top view;

in fig. 3 - embodiment of the vehicle according to FIG. 1 and 2, side view in perspective on an enlarged scale.

in fig. 4 is a side view of a processing machine according to an embodiment of the invention, in which the processing device 3 is mounted on a vehicle 1 and is suitable for processing long fibrous plants;

in fig. 5 is an enlarged view of an embodiment of a processing apparatus 3 according to the invention;

in fig. 6 is a top view of another embodiment of the processing apparatus according to the invention;

- 3 045743 in Fig. 7 - embodiment of the processing apparatus according to FIG. 6, side perspective view;

in fig. 8 - embodiment of the processing apparatus according to FIG. 5-8, perspective view on an enlarged scale;

in fig. 9A shows an embodiment of the processing apparatus of FIG. 5 with the lower processing element in the first rotation position, side view;

in fig. 9B is part of an embodiment of the processing apparatus of FIG. 5 with the lower processing element in the second rotation position, side view;

in fig. 10 shows an embodiment of the processing apparatus according to FIG. 5, side view;

in fig. 11-13 show an additional embodiment of a processing machine according to the invention; in fig. 11 shows an additional embodiment of the hemp collection apparatus with a different installation of collection elements on each other and on the vehicle chassis, side view, FIG. 12 root cutting apparatus according to FIG. 11 is an enlarged view, and FIG. 13 is a cutting or mowing apparatus for cutting the upper parts of fibrous plants from their lower parts, which can be used in all embodiments.

Flax is a fibrous crop that is cultivated for the production of fabric, among other things. Flax is usually 80-120 cm long and is harvested using a towed or self-propelled flax harvester. For this purpose, the flax harvesting machine contains on the front side a harvesting apparatus designed specifically for collecting flax from the ground. Subsequently, the harvested flax is processed by the flax harvester after it is moved to the rear side of the flax harvester and placed on the ground while moving. The flax is laid flat on the ground in long rows, also called windrows, with the stems of the harvested flax continuing substantially across the longitudinal direction of the windrows. This reverse, even laying of the flax on the ground to form the indicated windrows is also called lowering or catching. When laying flax in rows or windrows, an intermediate space is left between adjacent rows. This space prevents the rolls from tangling with each other.

The harvested flax, which has been laid flat on the ground in windrows, is further soaked under the combined influence of dew, rain and sunlight. Flax retting, where the flax is left on the ground (i.e. in a field or retting field) for a period of time, falls within the field of flax processing and is called field retting or dew retting. To ensure uniform soaking and to avoid rotting of the flax, flax laid flat on the ground in rows must be turned over periodically. This turning over of flax laid flat on the ground is also called wrapping. Flax wrapping is performed using a towed or self-propelled flax wrapper.

Hemp is also a fiber crop that is cultivated to make cloth or hemp rope, among other things. Hemp is much longer than flax. Hemp has a length of 140-240 cm. Hemp is usually cut off at the base and goes for further processing.

Thus, at least four different machines would be required to ensure optimal processing of hemp and flax. This results in high purchase prices and high operating and maintenance costs. Embodiments of the present invention provide a processing machine generally suitable for harvesting/picking and/or wrapping relatively long fibrous plants such as hemp or kenaf, and relatively short fibrous plants such as flax.

In fig. 1 shows a self-propelled vehicle 2 of a processing machine 1 according to an established embodiment of the invention. The self-propelled vehicle 2 comprises a chassis 6 on which four wheels are mounted in a known manner, i.e. two front wheels 7 and rear wheels 8. In FIG. 1 part of the front left side of the vehicle has been cut off (i.e. the front left wheel and the corresponding part of the wheel suspension) to make the design of the vehicle from the front side more clear. The vehicle is self-propelled, i.e. it has its own drive motor, which drives a number of wheels, such as the two rear wheels or all wheels. The vehicle is controlled from the driver's cabin 23 on the front side of the vehicle. Chassis 6 contains two parallel conveyors 11, 12, formed by a loading floor or platform 14 and two endless conveyor belts located above the loading floor. At least one of the endless conveyor belts can be laterally adjusted so that the intermediate distance between the two conveyor belts can be adjusted to provide a suitable intermediate distance for shorter or longer rolls. As shown in the top view of FIG. 2, two conveyors 11, 12 are located along both longitudinal edges of the vehicle 2, so that a certain amount of fibrous plants can be transported on each of them in the axial reverse direction (PA, _a ). In the embodiment shown, each of the conveyors 11, 12 includes an endless conveyor belt 82 that runs over a front roller 80 and a rear roller 81. At least one of the rollers 80, 81 is driven by a drive (not shown). In the installed embodiment, the drive comprises a hydraulic motor mounted in the rear (triple) pulley or roller 81. Each of the respective component rollers of the multi-groove (triple) pulley is driven individually, but in synchronization with the other component rollers, preferably according to a given required attitude. So-called transport elements 83 are installed on the outside of the conveyor belt 82. They can move the fibrous plants lying on the platform 14, at least on the platform guides 84 (Fig. 1), in the specified axial reverse direction (PA, _a ) to the rear. side of the chassis 6. Thus, the fibrous plants are placed between the conveyor belt 82 and the guides 84.

On the rear side of the vehicle 2, each conveyor 11, 12 has a stacking unit 13. In the illustrated embodiment, the stacking unit 13 includes a closed conveyor belt 87. The endless belt of each of the closed conveyor belts 87 wraps around a roller 86 and said roller 81 (thus, this roller is used for the joint operation of the conveyor belt 87 and the conveyor 11 or 12). The first roller 81 drives the stacking unit 13. It extends obliquely to some extent in the rear direction and is configured to move the fibrous plants coming from the corresponding conveyor 11, 12 in a downward direction in a metered and controlled manner, so that the fibrous plants are laid on the ground at the rear side of the vehicle. As shown in FIG. 2, when the vehicle moves in the axial forward direction (PA, _v ), the fibrous plants (v) picked up or grabbed from the front side of the vehicle are moved to the rear side of the vehicle 2, and each of them is laid on the ground (o) at a separate row 15a, 15b using the stacking unit 13. In established applications, the fibrous plant rows 15a, 15b are composed of identical portions of the fibrous plant, for example in the case of flax of relatively short length. However, in other embodiments, one row consists of the lower portions of harvested fibrous plants, while the other row consists of the upper portions of harvested fibrous plants. This applies, for example, to the case of hemp harvesting. In both cases, the fiber plants are laid flat on the ground parallel to each other and as far apart as possible, after which the said soaking can begin.

The vehicle 2 is equipped with a processing apparatus 3 on the front side for collecting flax or re-collecting flax that has already been laid flat on the ground at an earlier stage. The harvesting apparatus is installed on the front side in the case of collecting flax, while the processing apparatus 3 will be a collecting apparatus in cases of picking up fibrous plants that have previously been collected and laid on the ground. In the future, another harvesting device can be installed on the vehicle depending on the length of the crop to be harvested.

As shown in particular in FIG. 1 and 3, the chassis comprises on the front side of the chassis 6 of the vehicle 2 several chassis support parts 39a, 39b. The chassis support members 39b extend in line with the rest of the chassis 6 of the vehicle 2, while the support members 39a mounted on the support members 30b and the rest of the chassis 6 are inclined. The chassis 6 is also equipped with several hinges 48 on which two longitudinal lifting arms 47a, 47b are mounted. Both longitudinal lifting arms 47a, 47b are connected at their outer ends to a transverse lifting arm 47c. The chassis support parts 39a, 39b, the longitudinal lift arms 47a, 47b and the transverse lift arm 47c together form a strong and stable support structure for mounting a number of actuators, whereby the processing apparatus 3 connected to the chassis 6 of the vehicle 2 can be rotated upward and down. Together with these actuators, the support structure forms the above-mentioned apparatus.

The rotation of the processing apparatus 3 is carried out using a number of actuators, for example electric motors, or preferably lifting cylinders 36 of the lifting apparatus. In fig. 1 and 3, the actuators are formed by two lifting cylinders 36. In the embodiment shown, two lifting cylinders are installed, located laterally next to each other. However, in other embodiments, only one lift cylinder or three or more lift cylinders are used. The lift cylinders are rotatably mounted on the chassis support members 39a, 39b by means of hinges 48 and on the transverse lift arm 47c by means of a mounting support 38b. Below is a detailed description of the design of the lifting apparatus and its operation.

As shown in FIG. 3, the chassis 6 is located on both sides of the chassis support parts 39a, 39b with first mounting means 34 for mounting the processing apparatus 3 thereon and being rotatable and dismountable. The first mounting means 34 can be implemented in a variety of ways, but in the particular embodiment shown comprise a number of flanges into which corresponding rotary axles 43 can be pivotally mounted.

Each of the dissimilar processing apparatuses 3 includes one or more frame parts that can be rotated and dismounted on said first mounting means 34. In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 4-9, the processing apparatus 3 includes a first lower hemp collection element 25 and a second upper hemp collection element 26 located above the first element. The lower element for collecting hemp contains a frame part 30, which can be installed with the possibility of rotation and easy dismantling on the first

- 5 045743 vehicle mounting means 34 using second mounting means 32. The hemp collection top member 26 includes a frame portion 33 that is also rotatable (but not necessarily easily removable), although in the illustrated embodiment the frame portion 33 of the collection top member 26 hemp is mounted on frame portion 30 of the lower hemp harvesting member 25 instead of being directly mounted on the vehicle chassis 6. In other embodiments (not shown), it is the upper hemp collection element that is mounted on the chassis 6 of the vehicle 2, and the lower hemp collection element on the upper hemp collection element. In additional embodiments (not shown), two elements for collecting hemp are installed with the possibility of rotation and dismantling on the vehicle 2.

For installation on the chassis 6 of the vehicle 2, more particularly on its first mounting means 34, such as flanges 34 located on or adjacent to the sides of the vehicle and containing pivot axles 43 mounted therein, the processing apparatus 3, in the embodiment shown The lower element 25 for collecting hemp is equipped with second mounting means 32. The second mounting means 32 are implemented for easy installation on the first mounting means 34. The first and second mounting means 34, 32 together form a mounting hinge between the processing apparatus 3 and the vehicle 2, so that the processing apparatus 3 can be rotated in the upper and lower directions around the horizontal rotary axes 43 (rotation direction R _b Fig. 9).

The above-described lifting apparatus is used to rotate the processing apparatus 3 relative to the vehicle 2. As described above, the lift cylinders 36 are rotatably located on the flanges 38a of the chassis 6 by attaching one outer end thereto. On opposite sides, the lift cylinders 36 are connected by mounting supports 38b to the transverse lift arm 47c. The transverse lifting arm 47c of the lifting apparatus has a substantially U-shaped cross-section, as can be clearly seen in FIG. 1 and 3. Said U-shaped section forms a receiving space for the frame portion 30 of the lower member 25 for collecting hemp. In other words, the processing apparatus 3 can be connected to the lifting apparatus in a simple manner by installing the frame portion 30 of the lower hemp harvesting member 25 into the cross-lifting arm 47c of the lifting apparatus from above, or, conversely, by simply pressing the cross-lifting arm 47c against the frame portion 30 from below. Finally, the entire structure is secured by a locking mechanism 70 (FIG. 3), for example in the form of a remotely controlled retractable cylinder which, when extended, ensures that the processing apparatus 3 remains locked relative to the lifting apparatus. The lifting apparatus is thus prepared for lifting the processing apparatus 3.

As shown by arrows (P1) in the figures, the length of the lifting cylinders 36 can be adjusted. It is understood that when the length of the lift cylinders 36 increases, the frame portion 30 rotates upward, while the frame portion 30 rotates downward if the length of the lift cylinders 36 decreases. Thus, the height of the free end of the processing apparatus can be varied, for example, to control the position in which the processing apparatus grabs fibrous plants and pulls them out of the ground while the vehicle is moving.

The installation means of each of the different processing apparatuses 3 are essentially identical. This means that the different processing devices 3 can be easily mounted on and detached from the vehicle and that these operations can be carried out in the same way. It should be noted that when replacing the processing apparatuses 3, only the installation means of the processing apparatus 3 (i.e., the second installation means 32 when the processing apparatus is a long fibrous plant collection apparatus, the third installation means when the processing apparatus is a short fibrous plant collection apparatus , and the fourth mounting means when the processing apparatus is a picking apparatus for turning long or short fibrous plants) must actually be removed from the first mounting means of the vehicle, after which the processing apparatus 3, in particular the frame part 30 of this processing apparatus, can be removed from top side of the cylinder 36. As of now, by simply installing another processing machine 3 on the lifting apparatus of the vehicle 2 and installing corresponding installation means on the first installation means of the vehicle, the user can easily make the processing machine 1 suitable for performing a specific required process such as picking up short fibrous plants, picking up long fibrous plants, or picking up and turning over fibrous plants.

As described above, FIG. 4, 5, 8, 9A and 9B show an embodiment of the processing machine 1 according to the invention, in which the processing machine is equipped with a replaceable cleaning apparatus comprising a first cleaning element and a second cleaning element located above it. This embodiment is implemented for the collection of relatively long fibrous plants, for example hemp, as schematically shown in the figure.

In the illustrated embodiment, the processing machine 1 contains the above-mentioned

- 6 045743 moving means 2 and a specific processing apparatus 3, for example a hemp harvesting apparatus. The apparatus for collecting hemp contains a lower element 25 for collecting hemp and an upper element 26 located above it for collecting hemp. The lower hemp collecting member 25 is mounted on the first mounting means of the vehicle in the above manner, so that the first hemp collecting member 25 can be rotated in the upper and lower directions (rotation directions R1, FIG. 9A) through the control performed by said lifting cylinders 36 (FIG. 9A and 9B). The upper hemp collection member 26 is rotatably mounted by means of rotary axles 43 on the lower hemp collection member 25 such that the upper hemp collection member 26 can be rotated (rotation directions R2) relative to the first hemp collection member 25 (and relative to the vehicle 2 and the surface of the earth). The rotational movement of the upper hemp collection member 26 relative to the lower hemp collection member 25 is actuated by a number of other lifting cylinders 42 mounted on frame portions 30, 33 (FIG. 9A), wherein increasing the length of the lifting cylinders 42 causes the upper member to rotate. 26 to collect hemp upward relative to the lower hemp collection member 25, while the reduction in length causes the upper hemp collection member 26 to rotate downward relative to the lower hemp collection member 25.

In fig. 4 schematically shows that relatively long fibrous plants (h), such as hemp, kenaf or similar fibrous plants, have a total length l _tot (typically 1.4-4.0 meters, average 2.4 meters). The lower part (h1) of each of the fibrous plants (h) has a length l _o (eg 110-120 cm), while the upper part (h ₂ ) has a length l _b (eg 120-130 cm). In the embodiment shown, both lengths lo and l _b are approximately the same, although in practice these lengths can, of course, be different. The only important thing is that the fibrous plants (h) are cut into at least two parts (h1, h ₂ ) and are further processed using the processing machine 1. Said lower element 25 for collecting hemp is adapted for this purpose to collect and processing the lower parts (h1) of the fibrous plants, while the upper hemp collecting element 26 is designed to collect the upper parts ( _h2 ) of the fibrous plants.

The upper hemp collection element 26 includes a transport device 46 for capturing the hemp plants and transporting them to the vehicle 2, while the lower hemp collection element 25 includes a (preferably completely or substantially identical) transport device 45, whereby the hemp plants can likewise be picked up and transported to the vehicle 2. When the vehicle 2 moves in the forward direction (PA, _v ), the hemp harvesting upper member 26 reaches the hemp plants first. After a short time, the lower hemp collecting element 25 also reaches the same hemp plants. In other words, the contact entry position in which the upper hemp harvesting member 26 comes into contact with a given hemp plant at a given time is offset from the contact entry position in which the lower hemp harvesting member 25 comes into contact with the (other) fibrous plant at the same point in time. This causes the top hemp harvesting member 26 to first come into contact with the top portion (h ₂ ) of the hemp plants and separate it from the bottom portion (h1) by a cutting member 55 (also referred to as a mowing member 55) mounted at the front. sides of the upper hemp collecting member 26, and it is thereafter, only when the upper part h ₂ is separated and already removed, that the lower hemp collecting member 25 comes into contact with the lower part (h1) of the same hemp plant.

The lower hemp harvesting member 25 is configured to come into contact with the lower part (h1) of the hemp plant. As a result of the direct forward movement of the vehicle 2 and/or as a result of the movement by the transport device 45, which will be described below, the hemp plants are pulled out of the ground along with the roots. It should be noted that the lower portion of the hemp plant is generally not separated from the roots before the entire hemp plant is lifted from the ground.

As shown in FIG. 4, the gripping upper part (h ₂ ) of the hemp plant (h), which has been separated by the mowing member 55, is grabbed by the hemp harvesting upper member 26. This upper portion (h ₂ ) of the fibrous plant contains the portion (h ₅ ) where the tip, flower, or curl is located, and the remaining upper portion (h ₃ ). As will be described below, in certain embodiments, a portion (h ₅ ) of the apex of the upper portion (h ₂ ) of the hemp plant (h) is removed using a cutting apparatus. Section (h ₅ ) of the top is discharged using unloading means containing an outlet pipe 28 with an inlet near the cutting apparatus, a centrifugal fan 20 connected to the outlet pipe, and an outlet into a collector 16 mounted using a frame 17 on the rear side of the transport means 2. As shown in FIG. 4, said collection 16 is mounted removably via quick connectors on a portion of the frame 6 and is essentially only used in cases where the tip portions (h5) are to be separated from fibrous plants. In other words, when the top portion is not cut off, the collection 16 can be removed at will.

The lower part (h1) of the hemp plant (h) similarly consists of the root part h6, where

- 7 045743 the roots of the hemp plant are located, and the remaining lower part 1¼ In certain embodiments, the root part h ₆ is separated from the lower part hi of the hemp plants (h) using a root cutting apparatus, which is described in detail below (for example, using a cutting apparatus roots from Fig. 14, described below). These separated root portions h ₆ may be discharged into a collection vehicle 16 on a vehicle, although they are preferably dumped (no description given) directly onto the ground(s). In a certain embodiment, the cutting apparatus and associated means for unloading the root parts (h ₆ ) are implemented in such a way that these parts remain lying immediately in front of one or more of the wheels 7, 8. This results in the fact that when the vehicle 2 is moving forward, the cut root parts (h6) are pressed to the ground or even pressed into it under the weight of the tires of the wheels 7, 8. In other words, in this embodiment, the roots are pressed into the ground and the tops are collected in the collection 16, which causes the nodes 13 laying place only the lower remaining parts (h4) and upper remaining parts ( _h3 ) of the hemp plant (h) on the ground on the rear side of the vehicle. As described elsewhere, in certain embodiments the two laying units 13 are designed such that they lay on the ground a first row 15a of only the lower remaining portions (h4) of the hemp plants and a second row 15b of only the upper remaining portions ( _h3 ) of the hemp plants. plants (h), after which these parts are subjected to the required soaking process (Fig. 2).

In fig. 5 shows a view of the hemp collection apparatus 3, while FIG. 7 shows in more detail a part of the upper collection element 26 of the hemp collection apparatus 3. Both figures show transport devices 45, 46 with which the hemp plants are picked up and transported to the vehicle 2. Each of the transport devices 45, 46 comprises a number of closed conveyors, more specifically a first number of closed conveyors for picking up the fiber crop and transporting it. and turning the fiber crop during transportation and a second number of closed conveyors for receiving the fiber crop from the first number of belt conveyors and transporting the fiber crop to the conveyors on vehicle 2. The second number of conveyors (3, 4 or more) is greater than the first number of conveyors (1 or 2 ).

On the front side of the lower hemp collection element 25 and the upper hemp collection element 26, guide elements 40 are installed. These are designed to allow, when the vehicle and the harvesting apparatus 3 mounted on it move forward, the hemp plants (h) are displaced in side and their directions in a number of passages 41 ¹ 41 ⁶ , in Fig. 5 six passes per hemp harvester (although in other embodiments more or fewer passes may also be provided), for the upper hemp collection element 26 and hemp collection passes 417-41 ¹² for the lower hemp collection element 25, all said passages are configured to receive and capture hemp plants. These twelve passages are formed by a number of driven conveyor belts and a number of pulleys.

With reference to FIG. 6 and 7 (where another embodiment is shown, providing only two passages, and the principle of operation of the equipment according to the embodiment shown for example in Fig. 5 is essentially the same) shows the first passage 41 ¹ , which is formed by the intermediate space between the first driven by conveyor belt 90 and roller 92. The second aisle 412 is formed by the second driven conveyor belt 91 and roller 93. Similarly, the third aisle 41 ³ and the fourth aisle 41 ⁴ are respectively formed by the conveyor belt 91' and roller 93' and the conveyor belt 90' and roller 92 '.

When the hemp plants (h shown in FIG. 6 by black dots since the hemp plants are in an upright position, and shown by dotted lines once the hemp plants have been turned to a lying position) are fed into the passage 41 ¹ formed between the first driven conveyor belt 90 and roller 92, they move in the direction indicated by the arrow. During the first section, the hemp plants that have fallen into the passage 41 ¹ are located between the first conveyor belt and the roller 92 and are thus transported, and subsequently the hemp plants take a lying position between the first conveyor belt 90 and the second conveyor belt 91. The second conveyor belt 91 is a relatively short conveyor belt and extends upward along its entire length. The second conveyor belt 91 extends sequentially around said roller 93, a number of other rollers 94, 95 and 116, and a drive pulley or roller 96. The third conveyor belt 91' of the third pass 41' has substantially the same structure as the second conveyor belt 91, except that it is a mirror image of said conveyor belt and is driven by a drive pulley or drive roller 96'.

The first conveyor belt 90 is much longer than the second conveyor belt 91 and extends part of its length in a vertical state, but the other part of its length, as a result of turning the conveyor belt, goes from a vertical position to a lying position and then from a lying position again to a vertical position. The first conveyor belt 90 runs around said

- 8 045743 rollers 92 and a number of other rollers 113, 96 (using the second conveyor belt 91), 102, 112, 115, 101, 97 (roller 97 is driven), 100 99 and 98 (as seen in the transport direction). The fourth conveyor belt 90' of the fourth aisle 41 ⁴ has substantially the same structure as the first conveyor belt 90, except that it is a mirror image of said conveyor belt and is driven by a drive pulley or drive roller 97' and passes around rollers 92', 113', 96' (using third conveyor belt 91'), 102', 112', 115', 101', (driven) 97', 100', 99' and 98'. The driven rollers or pulleys 97, 96, 96' and 97' (and in the embodiment of FIG. 5 also the rollers or pulleys of the fifth and sixth conveyor belts 91 and 90) are driven individually by their own motor, preferably their own hydraulic motor 120 or an electric motor. (for example, a DC motor).

The figures show embodiments of transport devices 45, 46 in which various closed conveyors are used to temporarily supply a number of streams of hemp plants. Parts of closed conveyors are preferably used together in order to thus achieve efficient use of the space available on the collection elements and/or to limit the complexity and thus the costs of the conveying devices. For example, the drawings show that the convergence zone 117 (FIG. 6), in which two (or more) streams of hemp plants converge, is approximately defined midway between the hemp plant entry on the front side of each of the transport devices 45, 46 and the plant placement on the rear side of the transport devices 45, 46 on the vehicle 2.

With reference to FIG. 6 and 7, where an example of a hemp harvesting top 26 is shown, the conveying device 45, 46 in each case picks up the upper parts (h ₂ ) of the hemp plants (h) through each of the passes 41 and further processes the hemp plants. The upper parts (h2) of the hemp plants are moved inwards into the indicated passages. In the drawings, the black dots indicate a small number of fibrous plants (h), although in practice this number will of course be much larger and a substantially continuous row of fibrous plants will be transported between the endless conveyor belts 90, 91 and 90' and 91'. As stated above, the cut portions (h ₂ ) of the fibrous plants pass in the upper (vertical) direction in the first section of each of the passages, and further along the direction of the transport devices 45, 46 the cut portions (h ₂ ) of the fibrous plants are rotated a quarter turn to the lying position ( essentially horizontal) position (in this case the parts h ₂ of the fibrous plants are shown by dotted lines). In this lying position, the fibrous plants are transferred from the closed conveyor belt to the next closed belt conveyor (ie, the conveyor 50 of the upper hemp collection member 26 and the conveyor 51 of the lower hemp harvesting member 25).

With reference to FIG. 8, each of the conveyors 50, 51 is assembled in a known manner from two adjacent endless conveyor belts, which run onto rollers in a similar known manner and are driven forward by a drive (not shown). The fibrous plant parts (h2) are transported further to the vehicle 2 by means of transport elements 56 located on the endless conveyor belt of the conveyors 51, 52 (Fig. 8). The transport elements 56 ensure that no hemp plants are left behind them and that the transported hemp plants are neatly arranged in a lying position parallel to each other and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (i.e. axial direction) of the machine 1.

In fig. 5-7 show the operating principle of the transport device 45 and, in particular, the turning of hemp plants is shown in detail. The two streams of hemp plants that enter the passages 41 ¹ and 41 ² converge between the belts 90 and 91. Next, parts (h ₂ ) of the fibrous plants are transported between the conveyor belts 90, 91 and after passing the driven pulley or roller 96 they reach the specified convergence zone 117 . In the embodiments of FIGS. 6 and 7, the flows from passages 411/41 ² and 413/414 converge in the specified convergence zone 117. In fig. 5 shows an embodiment where the combined flows of passages 41 ¹ and 422 on one side and the combined flows of a number of passages on the other side converge at a convergence zone 117. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, they are threads 413 and 414, but in the embodiment of FIG. 7 they are flows 413, 414, 415 and 41 ⁶ , which, in turn, have already converged earlier in the convergence zone 117'.

As shown in particular in FIG. 7 (a, also in FIGS. 5 and 6), the conveyor belt 90 of the first and second passes 41 ¹ and 41 ² and the conveyor belt 90' of the third and fourth passes 413 and 414 (or the third through sixth passes in the embodiment of FIG. 5) tilt after passing the rollers 102, 102', in the sense that the corresponding belts 90, 90' are guided along the rollers 112 having an axis of rotation that lies perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rollers 102, 102'.

As shown on the right side of FIG. 7, hemp plants (i.e. the upper parts h ₂ cut off by the cutting element 55 and consisting of parts h ₅ , which include the tops not yet cut off at this point, and the remaining upper parts h ₃ ) will be fed and transported between conveyor belts tapes in a vertical position. At a certain point in time, their position changes in the sense that they will be in a lying position between the conveyor belts 90 and 90'. In the place where the horizontal rollers 112, 112' are installed, the hemp plants are released and

- 9 045743 are received by the next conveyor 50 and transported further. This is shown in detail in Fig. 8.

The horizontally oriented parts of the hemp plants (h ₂ =h ₃ +h ₅ ) reach the closed conveyor 50. The cut hemp plants (h ₂ ) are placed between the bottom side of the closed belt conveyor 50 and the top side of the vertical guide flanges 150 on the frame part 33 and are transported to the transport means 2. During this transportation, the hemp plants (h ₂ ) are processed by compressing them (rolling) and cutting parts (h ₅ ) of the tops of the compressed hemp plants (h ₂ ), after which the tops are discarded.

The lying hemp plants (h ₂ ) are first guided between the upper pressure roller 136 and the lower pressure roller 137 so as to compress at least the respective tips (h ₅ ) (they often take a curl shape). Next, the compressed parts (h ₅ ), which include the tops, of the hemp plants (h ₂ ) are cut off using the upper cutting unit 38. The upper cutting unit 38 is shown very schematically in FIG. 8 in the form of a vertically positioned rotary disk knife. The blade guard 38, the drive for rotating the blade 38, and the guide means for moving the blade 38 laterally P _L are not shown. Lateral movement of the cutting unit is carried out by an actuator, for example, a hydraulic motor or electric motor. The cut parts (h ₅ ) of the hemp plants, which include the tops, are removed by means of a discharge means 29, for example a collection hood 29 connected to a discharge pipe 28 and a centrifugal pump 20, and blown into a collection 16 on the rear side of the storage vehicle 2 there are tops in it.

The collection and other processing of the upper parts (h ₂ ) by the upper collection unit 26 are described in detail with reference to FIGS. 5-8. The lower parts (h ₂ ) of the hemp plants (h) are collected in a similar manner and are further processed by the lower hemp harvesting member 25. Therefore, a detailed description of the method by which these lower parts (h2) of hemp plants are captured and processed can be omitted. The lower parts (h ₂ ) of the hemp are picked up and transported in a similar manner by means of the transport device 45, which is turned half a turn until they are in a horizontal position, and then discharged by means of the conveyor 51.

In fig. 9A shows another case in which the lower hemp collecting member 25 is in the lowest rotating position. In other words, the lift cylinder 36 is in a completely retracted state. In fig. 9B, where only the lower hemp collection member 25 is shown and the upper hemp collection member 26 is not shown for clarity of the drawing, the lower hemp collection member 25 is rotated upward to some extent. In other words, the length of the lift cylinder 36 has increased. Thus, the rotating position of the lower hemp collection element 25 can be set as required, for example, depending on the condition of the soil (if the soil is horizontal, the lower hemp collection element 25 can be placed closer to the soil/ground than if the soil is uneven ). Similarly, the position of the upper hemp collection member 26 can be set as desired using the lift cylinders 42. In the illustrated embodiment, the position of the upper hemp collection member 26 can be set substantially independently of the position of the lower hemp collection member 25. The pivoting position of the hemp harvesting top member 26 and, therefore, the height at which the front side of the guides 40 and/or the mowing member extends above the ground can be set depending on the height of the fiber crop to be harvested. In the case of relatively tall hemp plants (e.g., greater than 3 m in height), the hemp collection top 26 will generally rotate further upward, while the hemp collection top 26 will rotate even more downward in the case of shorter hemp plants. plants (<3 m). It is important to cut the fiber crop at the correct height (ie height lo in Fig. 4) to obtain the top ( _h2 ) and bottom (h1) of the fiber crop with different sizes. It should be noted that the rotating position of the processing apparatus, more specifically the rotating position of at least the upper collecting element or the lower collecting element, can be adjusted continuously (if necessary during movement), so that in case of changes in the height of the fibrous plants, said adjustment corresponds these changes to avoid affecting the windrow.

In the above embodiments, the processing machine 1 is designed to process relatively tall/long fibrous crops, such as hemp. In other embodiments, the processing machine 1 can be adapted in a very simple manner to process shorter/less tall fibrous crops such as flax. For this purpose, the hemp processing unit 3, consisting of at least upper and lower hemp harvesting elements 25, 26, is replaced by a flax harvesting element 129, which is introduced specifically for the processing of this low-fiber crop. The height of this fibrous crop, such as flax, is usually 80-120 cm (ltot=80-120 cm).

In fig. 11 shows another embodiment of a processing apparatus 113 for harvesting relatively long fibrous plants, such as hemp. The processing apparatus 113 includes a rotatable upper collection element 123 and a rotatable lower collection element 125. Bottom element

- 10 045743

The collection 125 includes a frame 140, and the upper collection member 123 includes a frame 148. The frame 140 of the lower collection member 125 has a first frame portion 140a that can be pivotally mounted on the vehicle chassis 6 in a manner known above, using third mounting means (also designated in Fig. 11 the position number of the second installation means, i.e. position number 32). Said first frame part 140a can be rotated in the upper and lower directions by means of the above-described lifting apparatus comprising a number of lifting cylinders 36. A second frame part 140b is integrally formed with the frame part 140a. The second frame portion 140b is positioned at an angle (approximately 45 degrees) relative to the first frame portion 140a. Between the first and second portions 140a, 140b, a third frame portion 140c is formed. The third frame part 140c serves as a support for the first and second frame parts and ensures that the two frame parts remain at a given angle even under significant load. The second frame portion 140b further includes a number of support flanges 141 on which a number of lift cylinders 142 are mounted. The lift cylinders 142 are pivotally connected at their outer ends by means of respective hinges 144 and 145 to the second frame portion 140b of the lower collection member 125 and with frame 148 of upper assembly element 123. By increasing or decreasing the length of the lift cylinders 142 (see arrows), the upper collection member 123 can be rotated up and down respectively.

In fig. 11 also shows an embodiment of the above-mentioned root cutting apparatus 160 and a cutting unit or mowing unit 55 on the front side of the upper collection member 123. The root cutting apparatus 160 shown in FIG. 11 is shown in more detail in FIG. 14. The root cutting apparatus 160 is located on the underside of the lower collection member 125 for cutting the root parts (h6) of flax plants (h) pulled out of the ground and transported by the closed belt conveyor 90. The root cutting apparatus 160 includes two supports 160, 160' , mutually connected to the support arm 166, with the lying (horizontal) cutting part 164 located between the two supports 160, 160'. The cutting part 164 is equipped with two disc blades 168, 168', which can be rotated by means of respective cutting part drive motors 169, 169'. In this embodiment, the root portions that are cut by the rotating disc blades 168, 168' fall directly down and end up on the ground. In other embodiments (not shown), the cut root portions are provided to fall to the ground at a specific location in the lateral direction, for example, at one or more locations in the lateral direction immediately in front of at least one of the two front wheels 7. Also shown that the height of the cutting portion 164 can be adjusted relative to the rest of the first collection element by controlling an actuator 165, such as an electric motor or a hydraulic lift cylinder, that drives the linkage system 167 on which the cutting portion 164 is mounted. A single actuator may be provided. , for example, mounted on a support 160 or support 160', although in other embodiments the actuator is provided at both outer ends of the cutting portion 164. The rods of the linkage system 167 are rotatably mounted on the support 160, 160', so that by pushing or pulling a vertical the rods of the rod system, said rods rotate and thus move the cutting part 154 up or down, respectively.

In fig. 11 and in more detail in FIG. 13 also shows the cutting or mowing apparatus 55 described above with reference to FIG. 4. The cutting apparatus 55 shown in FIG. 4 is mounted on the underside of the frame 33 of the upper collection member 26, while the cutting apparatus shown in FIG. 13 is mounted on the underside of the frame portion 148 of the upper assembly member 123. However, the embodiment and operating principle of the cutting device 55 are the same in both embodiments.

The cutting apparatus 55 includes two support jaws 57, 57' located on the underside of the frame portion 148. On two support cheeks 57, 57', L-shaped supports 61, 61' are rotatably installed (using rotary axes 58). The rotational movement of the two L-shaped supports is carried out using an actuator 59, for example an electric motor 59 mounted on the corresponding support cheek 57, 57'. Rotation of the L-shaped supports 61, 61' allows upward or downward movement of the elongated cutting element. The height of the cutting device relative to the rest of the collection element and thus the cutting device relative to the ground surface can be adjusted as required.

The actuator is preferably remote controlled, for example from the driver's cabin 23 (FIG. 4), so that the height of the cutting device relative to the rest of the collection element can be adjusted remotely, for example, while the vehicle is moving or just before collecting a quantity of fibrous plants of a set length .

In the illustrated embodiments, the cutting element is constructed from a (horizontal) row of mutually moving knives 60 in which a large number of fibrous plants can be cut, said row extending across a significant or substantially the entire width of the upper collection element. The mutual movement of the knives of such a cutting apparatus is ensured by a motor 61, for example, an electric motor and a corresponding transmission mechanism.

Since the processing machine, in certain embodiments, can adjust

- 11 045743 position/orientation of the processing apparatus 3 (more specifically, adjust the rotating position of the flax collection element of the flax harvesting apparatus, the rotating positions of the upper collecting element and the lower collecting element of the hemp harvesting apparatus, the rotating position of the picking apparatus, the height of the cutting apparatus/mowing apparatus 55 , the position (height) of the root cutting apparatus 160 and/or the (lateral) position of the tip cutting apparatus 38), and since said position adjustment (in the height direction and in the lateral direction) is also preferably carried out during movement and processing of fibrous plants, there is the ability to optimally calculate local field conditions, for example, changes in the height of fibrous plants, changes in the orientation of the ground surface, etc. This change in height and/or lateral cutting position can be controlled manually using corresponding operating elements in the driver's cabin 23. However, in other embodiments, control is performed using an electronic control unit, such as a computer. It can be connected to one or more sensors, such as a camera, allowing, for example, the height (and/or other parameters) of fibrous plants to be measured. The electronic control unit can (before processing the plants or during their processing during movement) control one or more of the devices that include the processing apparatus (i.e., one or more of the devices that include the flax collecting element, the upper element collection, lower collection element and collecting apparatus), root cutting apparatus and top cutting apparatus, based on measurement signals from one or more sensors and based on an established control algorithm. Regulation can be dynamic, i.e. control is carried out continuously or periodically at short time intervals, so that the processing machine is always in the optimal position while moving. An additional advantage is that even when the height of the fibrous plants varies, the control unit controls at least one of the flax collecting element, the upper collecting element, the lower collecting element, the picking apparatus, the root cutting apparatus and /or a top-cutting apparatus so that the windrows at the rear of the vehicle are neatly stacked so that they are aligned at the rear of the vehicle with respect to the center line. More specifically, the control unit can be configured to grasp the center lines of the two rolls in the middle by means of a collecting element and on this basis control the cutting apparatus and/or harvesting apparatus.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The rights claimed are defined by the claims below, within the scope of which numerous modifications may be provided.

Claims (36)

1. A hemp harvesting machine designed for collecting and processing hemp plants, comprising a self-propelled vehicle containing a vehicle chassis with at least a conveyor for transporting the collected and processed hemp plants in at least two streams from the first end to the opposite second end end and at least a folding unit located at or adjacent to the second end for receiving respective streams of harvested, processed and transported hemp plants and then laying the received hemp plants on the ground in at least two rows; a hemp collection apparatus mounted or mounted on a vehicle chassis and configured to collect hemp plants, the hemp collection apparatus comprising a first collection element configured to collect the lower part of the hemp plants; a second collection member configured to collect the top portion of the hemp plants; wherein the first collection element comprises a first transport device configured to grab a portion of the hemp plants that is a lower portion relative to the surface of the ground, pull the captured hemp plants out of the ground along with the roots, and transport the lower parts of the hemp plants to the conveyor of the vehicle; the second collection element comprises a cutting unit for cutting the hemp plants at a location between the top and bottom parts of the hemp plants, and the second collection element contains a second transport device configured to grab the part of the hemp plants that is the upper part relative to the ground surface and transport the upper parts of the hemp plants to the conveyor of the vehicle, and the cutting unit is configured to cut the hemp plants during transportation. 2. The machine for collecting hemp according to claim 1, in which the first and second collecting elements are located relative to each other so that while the vehicle is moving, the second collecting element - 12 045743 first grabs and cuts off the upper parts of the hemp plants, and only after that the first collecting element grabs the lower parts of the hemp plants. 3. The hemp harvesting machine according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the point of contact of the second transport device with the hemp plants is located at a greater distance from the first end of the vehicle than the point of contact of the first transport device. 4. The hemp harvesting machine according to claim 3, wherein the difference (Aa) between the first distance (a1) from the first end of the vehicle to the contact point of the second transport device and the second distance (a ₂ ) from the first end of the vehicle to the contact point of the first transport device is at least 10 cm, preferably 15-250 cm. 5. The hemp harvesting machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the vehicle conveyor is configured to receive separately the upper parts and lower parts of the collected hemp plants and to stack the separately received and transported upper and lower parts of the collected hemp plants. 6. The hemp harvesting machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the vehicle conveyor comprises a first conveyor configured to receive the upper parts of hemp plants from the second collection element; a second conveyor substantially parallel to the first conveyor and configured to receive lower portions of hemp plants from the first collection member. 7. A hemp harvesting machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the transport devices are configured to rotate the hemp plants during transport, in particular to rotate the hemp plants from a substantially vertical position to a substantially recumbent position. 8. A machine for collecting hemp according to any one of claims 1 to 7, in which the cutting unit is installed on the second collecting element. 9. The hemp harvesting machine according to claim 8, wherein the cutting unit comprises at least a movable support which is located on or integrally formed with the upper collecting element. 10. The hemp harvesting machine of claim 9, wherein the movable support comprises a remote control actuator for remotely controlling the height adjustment of the cutting unit relative to the rest of the collection head. 11. A hemp harvesting machine according to any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising a root cutting apparatus configured to cut root parts from the lower parts of hemp plants, wherein the root cutting apparatus is preferably mounted on the first collecting element and/or the apparatus for The root cutter is preferably configured to cut off the root portions while the lower portions of the hemp plants are in a substantially vertical position. 12. The hemp harvesting machine of claim 11, wherein the root cutter comprises at least a remote control actuator, such as a retractable cylinder or an electric motor, for remotely controlling the height adjustment of the root cutter. 13. The hemp harvesting machine according to any one of claims 11 or 12, comprising unloading means for unloading the cut root parts from the root cutting apparatus onto the surface of the ground, and the unloading means for unloading the roots are preferably configured to lay out the root parts on the ground in front of one or several wheels of the vehicle in the axial direction. 14. The hemp harvesting machine according to any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising a top-cutting apparatus configured to cut the tops from the upper portions of hemp plants, the top-cutting apparatus being preferably mounted on the second collecting element. 15. The hemp harvesting machine according to claim 14, wherein the top cutting apparatus is located on the collecting element for lateral movement and at least one actuator is provided for setting the lateral cutting position of the fibrous plant parts to be transported, respectively to the first and a second conveyor on the vehicle by moving the corresponding cutting device in a lateral direction. 16. The hemp harvesting machine according to any one of claims 14 or 15, wherein the top cutting apparatus is configured to cut off the tops when the tops of the hemp plants are in a substantially recumbent position. 17. The hemp harvesting machine according to any one of claims 14 to 16, comprising first unloading means for discharging the cut tops from the topping apparatus into an assembly element on a self-propelled vehicle, the first unloading means preferably comprising an outlet pipe and an outlet pump for collection and release cut off tops. 18. The hemp harvesting machine according to any one of claims 1 to 17, comprising first lifting means located between the vehicle chassis and the first collection element for the purpose of determining the rotary position of the first collection element relative to the vehicle chassis. 19. A hemp harvesting machine according to any one of claims 1 to 18, comprising other lifting means located between the vehicle chassis and the first collection element and/or between the front - 13 045743 first and second collection elements and configured to set a rotary position of the second collection element relative to the vehicle chassis and/or the first collection element. 20. The hemp harvesting machine according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein each transport device comprises at least one pair of endless conveyor belts that extend around the pulleys and are configured to capture hemp plants between them and transport the hemp plants in the captured state . 21. The hemp harvesting machine according to claim 20, comprising one or more hydraulic motors and/or electric motors configured to drive one or more pulleys of endless conveyor belts of the conveying devices, wherein the hydraulic motor is preferably embedded such that a single motor drives movement of one or two pulleys. 22. The machine for collecting hemp according to claim 20, containing one or more electric motors configured to drive one or more pulleys of endless conveyor belts of transporting devices. 23. The hemp harvesting machine according to any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the upper rotating collection element is rotatably located on the first rotating collecting element. 24. The hemp harvesting machine according to any one of claims 1 to 22, in which the upper and lower collecting elements can be connected to the vehicle chassis using hinges. 25. The hemp harvesting machine according to any one of claims 1 to 24, comprising compression means for compressing parts of hemp plants transported by the second collection element. 26. The hemp harvesting machine according to claim 25, wherein the compression means comprise pressure rollers for compressing the hemp plants transported between them. 27. A hemp harvesting machine according to any one of claims 1 to 26, comprising a collection element for collecting and storing cut parts of harvested hemp plants. 28. A method for harvesting and processing hemp plants using a hemp harvesting machine, preferably a hemp harvesting machine according to any one of claims 1 to 27, the method comprising driving the hemp harvesting machine over the surface of the ground and moving it along the surface land: capture hemp plants rooted in the ground using a collection top; cutting the upper parts of hemp plants from the lower parts; collecting the remaining lower parts of hemp plants that are rooted in the ground and from which the upper parts have been cut, using the lower element to collect after cutting off the upper parts; pulling out the lower parts from the ground along with the roots, using the first element for collection; transporting the upper parts and lower parts of hemp plants to one or more stacking units; laying the received parts of hemp plants on the ground in at least two rows using laying units. 29. The method according to claim 28, comprising, while the vehicle is moving, first collecting and cutting off the upper parts of the hemp plants using a second collection element and only then grabbing the lower parts of the hemp plants using the first collecting element. 30. The method according to any one of claims 28 or 29, comprising separately receiving the upper parts and lower parts of the harvested hemp plants and stacking the separately received and transported upper parts and lower parts of the harvested hemp plants. 31. The method of claim 30, comprising receiving the top portions of the hemp plants from the second collection element by a first conveyor and receiving the bottom portions of the hemp plants from the first collection element by a separate second conveyor. 32. The method according to any one of claims 28-31, including laying the lower and upper parts separately on the surface of the earth. 33. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 32, comprising turning the hemp plants during transport, in particular turning the hemp plants from a substantially vertical position to a substantially recumbent position. 34. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 33, including rotating the first collection element and/or the second collection element relative to the vehicle, preferably also rotating the cutting unit relative to the second collection element, in order to set the length (lo) of the lower parts and length (lb) of the upper parts of fibrous plants. 35. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 34, comprising cutting the tops from the tops that have been cut off and/or cutting the roots from the bottoms of the fibrous plants. 36. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 35, comprising compressing the lower parts or upper parts of the fibrous plants.