EA043212B1 - METHOD FOR UNDERGROUND DEPOSITS WITH ORE SEPARATION IN MINING AREA - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the development of mineral deposits by an underground method.

Almost all ore bodies consist of smaller fragments with different contents of the useful component, varying from maximum values to zero. Under certain conditions, depending on the size of such fragments and the presence of contrast in some physical indicator between poor and rich ore, it becomes possible to separate the ore mass into the actual ore and the substandard component. At present, there are compact high-performance separators capable of performing such separation in a quality manner. In practice, this technological operation is now carried out on the earth's surface. Naturally, for this, the entire ore mass must be brought to the surface, incurring financial costs, and after separation, it is necessary to dispose of the tailings, causing some damage to the environment. Therefore, it is attractive to transfer the separation process to underground conditions, bringing it as close as possible to the mining area. To implement this technology, the following conditions are necessary:

1) the presence of a mine working, autonomous from the mining area, with parameters sufficient to accommodate separation equipment;

2) the possibility of disposal of separation tailings;

3) ensuring technological transportation of tailings back to the mining working.

The easiest way to adapt to achieve the above conditions is an underground mining system with a non-hardening backfill (patent RU 2219339). Therefore, we take it as a prototype.

According to the prototype, the excavation block is divided into layers of optimal power with given inclination angles (Fig. 1).

The extraction of ore is carried out in each layer from the bottom up and the mined-out space is backfilled with loose backfill material (Fig. 2). The cross section of the stope 1 has the shape of a triangle, represented by a vertical face, a horizontal sole and an inclined ceiling. A strip of ore 2 is beaten out of the face, the ore is shipped, and a backfill layer 3 is poured onto the bottom. Separation tailings can also be used as backfill material. Thus, the problem of their disposal is solved.

The working development 8, which is in the upper limit position, will not be used for a long period of time while the next layer is being worked out. Separation equipment is installed in this working. The broken ore is delivered by self-propelled transport from the working face to the separator. The ore mass is separated. The productive part of the ore is brought to the surface according to the scheme of the current technological regulations. Separation tailings are passed to the stope along the ore pass 7, where they are used as a backfill.

The construction of ore passes in each layer is combined with the production of mining operations as follows. In the inclined ceiling of the stope, an extended cut 4 of a given cross section is made, oriented across the stope. The cut in the plane of the ceiling is covered with shield 5 (in Fig. 2 the shield is shown in an intermediate, not pressed position), which, after filling it with filling material from the side of the stope, becomes the fourth, closing plane of the ore pass.

An ore pass can also be built according to the type of pipeline with a sufficient diameter for ore bypass. To do this, as the stope advances, pipe sections are placed in the cut and joined, increasing the pipeline.

Practical implementation

The implementation begins with the driving of a standard set of workings that provide access to the block being mined. With some variations, depending on specific conditions, this set may include haulage and ventilation crosscuts, a spiral transport exit, vertical workings designed for ventilation, as well as other auxiliary workings.

The development of each inclined layer begins with the penetration of a threaded working, the role of which is played by a working, which is essentially a stope at the bottom of the block. The stope 1 has a triangular cross section. This not quite traditional shape organically fits into the geometric model with inclined layers. In addition, the triangular shape of the cross section gives additional stability to the working, and the inclined ceiling can be simply and technologically fastened with a mobile support, ensuring the safety of work in the stope. Alternate working out of the layers is carried out from the bottom up, advancing the working development in the transverse direction. When the working development reaches the upper limit position 8, it is stopped. For the period of time necessary to develop the next layer, it will not be directly involved in mining operations. Therefore, it is used to install separation equipment.

Cleaning works are carried out according to a cyclic scheme. Ore is beaten off with tape 2 from the vertical face. With the drilling and blasting method, simultaneously with the drilling of the ore face, holes are also drilled in the inclined ceiling to create a cut 4. The broken ore is shipped. The cut is covered with a shield 5 or a pipe section is mounted in it. It is important to note that when the working face moves up, part of the ore pass 7 in the mined layer is extinguished. Therefore, the released shield or pipe section from it

- 1 043212 transferred to the newly constructed ore pass 6, thereby using them repeatedly.

The shipped ore is transported to mine 8. There it is separated. The unproductive part of the ore pass 7 is transferred to the stope 1, where it is used as a backfill 3. This ends the mining cycle.

The enriched ore after separation is brought to the surface for further deep processing.

Claims (2)

1. The method of underground mining of deposits of solid minerals, including the division of the ore deposit into blocks, the division of the block into inclined layers, the extraction of ore in each layer in ascending order, the backfilling of the worked-out space with bulk material, characterized in that simultaneously with the carrying out in each successive layer of mining ore passes are constructed in the overlying layer, which, starting from the bottom mark of the block, are increased section by section from the bottom up; backfilling with filling material from the side of the stope becomes the fourth, closing plane of the ore pass, the broken ore from the stope is transported to the stop in the limit position of the stope of the previous lower, already worked out layer, where the ore is separated, divided by quality indicators, the productive component is given out on the mountain, and unproductive along ore passes, previously built using a similar technology into the mined layer, is transferred to the existing stope working and placed in its sole as a loose backfill. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ore pass is constructed in the form of a pipeline, for which a section of a pipe of sufficient diameter for bypassing the ore is placed in a cut prepared in an inclined ceiling, it is docked to the top of the pipe previously mounted in a similar way.