EA043126B1 - DISTRIBUTOR FOR GRAIN MATERIAL - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a distributor (distribution machine) for granular material according to the restrictive part of paragraph 1 of the claims.

Such a distributor, made in the form of a seeder, is described in EP 3047718 B1. This distributor is used to spread granular material. Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible to apply fertilizers by means of such a spreader along with the seed. To do this, the distributor contains at least one hopper. The hopper can be a large central tank having a correspondingly large capacity, as is known, for example, for conventional planters. In this case, the hopper is equipped with a plurality of dispensers for transporting granular material. The distributor may also comprise a plurality of hoppers, the hoppers having a smaller capacity than is known for precision seeders, in particular, for example, microgranule tanks. In this second case, each hopper is provided with at least one dispenser.

At the same time, the dispenser comprises at least a dispenser housing having at least one inlet, at least one first outlet and at least one second outlet, and, in addition, at least one metering wheel located in the dispenser housing between the inlet with one side and releases on the other side and made with the possibility of setting it in motion. Due to the rotation of the metering wheel, the granular material entering through the inlet into the metering body is captured and thus conveyed in the direction of the outlets. In such a distributor, the first feed line is connected to the first outlet of the dispenser body, which directs the granular material transported by the dispenser towards the soil.

In addition, a guide device is located in the dispenser housing. By means of the guiding device, it is possible to form a supply channel between an inlet on one side and, optionally, a first outlet or a second outlet on the other side. To do this, the guiding device is located between the metering wheel on one side and both outlets on the other side.

The disadvantage of this distributor is that one of the positions of the guiding device, namely the one in which the supply channel to the second outlet is formed, and, consequently, the second outlet of the dispenser body itself are used exclusively for the calibration process of the dispenser. This calibration process is called seed rate setting and is used to control the metering rate. As a result, not only the guiding device, but also the second outlet after the calibration process once carried out for a certain granular material, remains unused and cannot be used for the application of granular material.

Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a distributor having a dispenser, which is made with the possibility of its versatile use for a variety of possible types of placement of the applied material.

According to the invention, this problem is solved by connecting a second supply line to the second outlet, which directs the granular material transported by the dispenser to the soil.

As a result of this measure, it is possible to use not only the first outlet with the first supply line attached to it, but also the use, preferably in the same way, of the second outlet with the second supply line attached to it, for the application of granular material. In this case, it is also an advantage that the guiding device can be used in various ways for varying the feed by choosing between the first and second outlets.

In a preferred development of the invention, it is provided that the distributor comprises at least one tillage tool, preferably in the form of closing wheels or a pack wheel, the first supply line exiting in the tillage tool and the second supply line exiting in the longitudinal direction of the tillage tool. tillage and/or transversely to the longitudinal direction of the tillage tool at a distance from the exit point of the first supply line. In this case, the longitudinal direction of the tillage tool can be understood as the direction of the longitudinal extension of the spreader or, respectively, the working direction of the spreader. Since it is possible to adjust by means of the guiding device from which outlet the granular material is fed, in this development of the invention, the user has the choice between applying on the tillage tool or at a distance from it. Thus, a distributor having a more versatile dispenser has been created.

In addition, the distributor according to the invention is advantageously improved in that the distributor is adapted to incorporate the granular material conveyed by the first supply line into the soil by means of a tillage tool. For the application of several granular materials, such as fertilizers, it is preferable to lay them in the soil and then cover them with soil. In this way, it is also possible to achieve a close position in space between the introduced granular material and the seed placed in the soil at the same time as a result of transport by the first supply line and incorporation by means of a tillage tool.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the distributor is configured to introduce granular material transported by means of a second supply

- 1 043126 lines, on the soil surface. For the application of other granular materials, such as pesticides, it is advisable to apply them in such a way that it is effective against the pests to be destroyed. In the case of slugs, for example, the molluscicide should be optimally applied on top of the soil to ensure that it is eaten by slugs and can be effectively controlled. Thanks to this preferred development of the invention, the user is also given the opportunity to respond to such environmental influences and to use the distributor according to the invention with a sufficiently versatile dispenser.

In addition, the distributor according to the invention is advantageously improved in that the first supply line is designed to transport the granular material from the first outlet on the one hand to the first application point on the other side, the first application point being in front of the closing device in the working direction of the closing device. Due to this preferred arrangement, the granular material can be reliably incorporated into the soil.

In another expedient improvement of the invention, the second supply line is configured to transport the granular material from the second outlet on one side to the second application site on the other side, the second application site being in the working direction of the closing wheel behind the closing wheel or next to the closing wheel. Since the tillage of the field with the movement of the soil by means of the incorporating device is completed, this measure prevents the granular material applied at the second place of application from subsequently falling asleep with a layer of soil or partially covering it with earth. In this case, it is possible to position the second application point either behind or next to the incorporating device, since the incorporating device only moves the soil, at least approximately, in its working direction.

In order to improve the usability of the distributor and in particular the dispenser, it is provided in a further improvement of the invention that the dispenser contains a setting mechanism acting on the guide device, by means of which it is possible to select which of the two outlets the supply channel is formed to. As a result of this measure, it is possible to adjust the guiding device in a particularly simple and expedient manner. In addition, it is possible to actuate the adjustment mechanism by suitable means manually, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically. The adjustment mechanism can be made, for example, in the form of a lever, and this lever is made with the possibility of acting on it by means of a handle, or an electric, pneumatic or hydraulic actuating element. The setting mechanism can be made with the possibility of remote action on it, so that it is possible to operate the distributor by the user, for example, from an agricultural tractor located in front of the distributor machine.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the dispenser contains at least two dispensers, and the adjustment mechanisms of at least two dispensers are made with the possibility of their joint actuation. It is also possible to jointly actuate the adjustment mechanisms of all dispensers of the distributor. This has the advantage that in such an improvement of the invention it is possible to influence the application from all dispensers by means of a single operation. In this way, manipulation is not only simplified in a particularly expedient manner, but also unified, which is desirable for the user.

In addition, the distributor according to the invention is preferably improved in that the guiding device is in the form of a pivoting guide flap. The design of the guide device in the form of a guide flap makes it particularly easy to form the supply channel by choosing between a first or a second outlet. Therefore, this development of the invention is characterized by a particularly simple, robust and noise-resistant construction.

In a further preferred development of the invention, the hopper is provided with two dispensers, the hopper being divided by means of a separating element into two separate hopper areas, each of the two separate hopper areas being provided with a dispenser. As a result of this measure, the hopper can be supplied by means of separate hopper regions with two different grain materials. Due to the fact that each of the areas of the hopper is equipped with a dispenser, it is possible to simultaneously introduce two different granular materials. Another advantageous synergistic effect is created due to the fact that for each of the two granular materials the user has the opportunity to decide where he wants to apply them. Thus, for example, it is possible to incorporate fertilizer into the soil with one of the metering devices via a first supply line, while using another metering device via a second supply line, for example, a pest control agent is applied to the soil surface. In the same way it is possible to actuate the setting mechanisms of both feeders in such a way or, respectively, to form feed channels with the guide devices in such a way that both feeders transport the materials to be embedded into

- 2 043126 soil or for application to the surface of the soil. In this case, the simultaneous incorporation of different fertilizers into the soil or the simultaneous distribution of different pest control agents applied to the soil is possible.

Further details of the invention can be obtained from the description of the examples and the drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a distributor mounted behind an agricultural tractor in a perspective view.

In FIG. 2 shows a sowing unit with a hopper according to the invention and a dosing device in side view.

In FIG. 3A - hopper and dispenser with guide device in section.

In FIG. 3B shows a metering unit according to FIG. 3A in side view.

In FIG. 4A is a sectional view of the hopper and dispenser with the guide in a different position.

In FIG. 4B shows a metering unit according to FIG. 4A in side view.

In FIG. 5A shows another seed meter with another hopper according to the invention and two metering units.

In FIG. 5B - hopper according to FIG. 5A in section and in plan view.

An agricultural tractor 1 with a mounted distributor made in the form of a precision seed drill 2 is shown in FIG. 1. The agricultural tractor 1 and the precision seed drill 2 move forward in the working direction F during operation. The precision seed drill 2 applies seed and/or fertilizer or the like during operation.

To apply granular materials such as seed and/or fertilizer, etc., the precision seed drill 2 at its rear end relative to the working direction F contains a plurality of sowing units 3 located across the working direction F. The sowing units 3 are fixed on the frame 2A of the seeder 2 precision seeding, wherein the frame 2A is foldable or telescopable to allow for street transport up to the permitted overall width. In addition, it is possible to remove the precision seed drill 2 from the agricultural tractor 1.

A sowing unit 3 with a storage hopper 4 according to the invention and a metering device 5 associated with the hopper 4 is shown in a side view in FIG. 2. It is possible to fasten the sowing unit 3 to the frame 2A by means of the mounting flange 3A and thus guide it across the field in the working direction F during operation. In addition to the seed hopper 4, the sowing unit 3 has at its upper end a reservoir 6 for the seed. At its lower end, the sowing unit contains three different tillage tools 8 arranged in series in the working direction F. The seed reservoir 6 is connected by means of a separating device 7 and closed seed lines to the tillage tools 8 for spreading the seed individually into the soil. 9.

The dispenser 5 comprises a dispenser body 10 which is connected to the hopper 4 via an inlet 11 as shown in FIG. 2. Through the inlet 11, the granular material from the hopper 4 can enter the body 10 of the dispenser. In addition, at its lower end, the dispenser housing 10 comprises a first outlet 12 and a second outlet 13. In the dispenser housing 10, there is also a metering wheel 14 which can be driven to transport the granular material entering through the inlet 11 to both outlets 12, 13 in regulated quantities. This metering wheel 14 is located between the inlet 11 and the outlets 12, 13 and during rotation ensures the capture of the granular material and its supply to the outlets 12, 13. Then, the granular material transferred to the outlets 12, 13 is directed to the soil through the respective supply lines 15, 16. When In this case, the first supply line 15 is connected to the first outlet 12, and the second supply line 16 is connected to the second outlet 13.

Hopper 4 and dispenser 5 are shown in FIG. 3A is a sectional side view. Between the metering wheel 14 and both outlets 12, 13 there is a guide device made in the form of a guide flap 17. The guide flap 17 forms a supply channel, either to the first outlet 12 or to the second outlet 13. In the not shown embodiment of the dispenser, the guide flap 17 contains a setting mechanism , which allows you to choose which of the two outlets 12, 13 is formed by the supply channel, and the setting mechanism is activated by appropriate means manually, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically. In the shown in FIG. 3A position, the guide flap 17 forms a feed channel to the second outlet 13, so that the transported granular material is guided by the dispenser 5 into the second supply line 16. The guide flap 17 functions in such a way that the grain material captured by the metering wheel 10 falls onto the guide flap 17, from where it is fed depending on the position of the guide leaf 17 to the first outlet 12 or to the second outlet 13.

In FIG. 3B shows the metering unit 3 and the metering unit 5 with the guide flap 17 in the position corresponding to FIG. 3A. The metering unit 3 contains various tillage tools 8, including a furrow opener 8A, a pack wheel 8B, and a closing wheel 8C. When operating the precision seed drill 2, a furrow is first formed in the soil 9 by means of a furrow opener 8A. The individual grains 18 of the seed are delivered into this furrow by means of a separating device 7 through the respective seed ducts. The seed grains 18 are then rolled by the packer wheel 8B and thus fixed in the desired position in the soil. Finally, the furrow is again covered with earth by means of the closing wheels 8C so that the soil horizon is at least approximately closed and the seed grains 18 are covered. In addition, as shown in FIG. 3B, connected to the second outlet 13, the second supply line 16 extends in the longitudinal direction of the soil tillage tools 8A, 8B, 8C or in the working direction F behind the sowing unit 3. In combination with the position of the guide flap 17, this results in granular material, shown here as points 19, is applied to the soil surface behind a closed furrow. Thus, the exit point of the second supply line 16 forms the second application point 20, which is located behind the closing wheels 8C in the working direction F of the closing wheels 8C.

In FIG. 4A shows in section the hopper 4 and the dispenser 5 in a different position of the guide flap 17. The guide flap 17 is rotated around the axis at the center of rotation 21 so that a feed channel to the first outlet 12 is formed. In this position of the guide flap 17 the dispenser 5 transports the granular material to the soil through the first supply line 15.

In FIG. 4B shows the metering unit 3 and the metering unit 5 with the guide flap 17 in the position corresponding to FIG. 4A. Attached to the first outlet 12, the first feed line 15 exits closed between the press wheel 8B and the closing wheel 8C over the still open furrow. Thus, the exit point of the first supply line 15 forms a first application site 22, which is located in front of the closing wheels 8C in the working direction F. The location of the first supply line 15 makes it possible to discharge the granular material transported by the first supply line 15, here also shown by points 19, into the furrow. , where it is then covered with earth by means of closing wheels 8C and thus embedded in the soil. The preferred use of this is possible for incorporating the fertilizer into the soil in close spatial proximity to the grains 18 of the seed.

Another metering unit 3 with another hopper 4 according to the invention is shown in perspective in FIG. 5A. This sowing unit 3 is characterized in that the hopper 4 is provided with two dispensers 5, 5'. Each of the two dispensers 5, 5', as described above, is equipped on its outlets 12, 13 with the first and second supply lines 15, 16 and contains a guide flap 17. It is possible to jointly actuate the not shown adjustment mechanisms of both dispensers 5, 5' acting on the guide leaf 17. In this sowing unit 3, the guide wings 17 of both metering units 5, 5' are independently adjustable, so that the following application options are available:

both dispensers 5, 5' are transported through the first supply line 15 so that the granular material is incorporated into the soil by means of the closing wheels 8C;

both dispensers 5, 5' are transported through the second supply line 16, so that the granular material is deposited on the soil surface; or the dispenser 5 conveys through the first supply line 15 while the other dispenser 5' conveys through the second supply line 16 so that the granular material is incorporated into the soil and applied to the soil surface.

Of course, it is also possible to drive only one of the two dispensers 5, 5'.

The application options described above appear to be particularly advantageous when considering FIGS. 5B, which shows in section the bin 4 of FIG. 5A in plan view. In the inner part of the bin 4 there is a separating element made in the form of a vertical partition 23. The partition extends in the middle from the front end of the second bin 4 back against the direction of movement F, before it deviates, after about one third of the length of the bin 4, in the direction of the right side wall of the bin 4 at an angle of approximately 45° and thus divides the second silo 4 into two separate silo areas 24, 24'. The partition wall 23 and the dispensers 5, 5' are positioned relative to each other in such a way that the granular material from the hopper area enters only one dispenser 5, while the granular material from the hopper area 24' only enters the other dispenser 5'. In this way, it is possible to adapt the application variant for different granular materials in a particularly advantageous manner: the pesticides can be applied with one metering device 5 via the second supply line 16 to the soil surface, for example from the hopper area 24, while the metering device 5' deposits the fertilizer from the area of the hopper 24' through the first supply line 15 in the furrow where the fertilizer is incorporated into the soil 9.

List of conventions.

- Agricultural tractor;

- precision seeder;

A - frame;

F - working direction;

- sowing machine;

A - connecting flange;

- (accumulative) bunker;

, 5' - dispenser;

- 4 043126

- reservoir for seed;

- separating device;

- tool for tillage;

A - furrow opener;

8B - press wheel;

8C - closing wheel;

- the soil;

- dispenser body;

- intake;

- first edition;

- second issue;

- dosing wheel;

- the first supply line;

- second supply line;

- guide sash;

- seed grains;

- points (granular material);

- the second place of introduction;

- center of rotation;

- the first place of introduction;

- partition;

, 24 - a separate area of the bunker.

Claims (8)

1. Distributor (2) for granular material, such as seed and/or fertilizer, containing at least one hopper (4), moreover, the hopper (4) is equipped with at least one dispenser (5, 5') for transporting granular material in controlled quantities, wherein the dispenser (5, 5') comprises at least one dispenser body (10) having at least one inlet (11), at least one first outlet (12) and at least one second outlet ( 13), at least one metering wheel (14) located in the housing (10) of the meter between the inlet (11) on one side and the outlets (12, 13) on the other side and configured to drive it, and to the first the outlet (12) of the body (10) of the dispenser is connected to the first supply line (15), which directs the granular material transported by the dispenser (5) to the soil, and between the dosing wheel (14) on one side and both outlets (12, 13) on the other side is located a guide device (17), by means of which it is possible to create a supply channel between the inlet (11) on the one hand and, optionally, the first outlet (12) or the second outlet (13) on the other side, and the second outlet (13) is connected to the second supply line ( 16), directing the granular material transported by the dispenser (5) to the soil, and the distributor (2) is configured to embed the granular material transported through the first supply line (15) into the soil by means of a tillage tool (8), characterized in that the distributor (2) is configured to spread the granular material transported by the second supply line (16) on the soil surface. 2. Distributor (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least one tool (8) preferably made in the form of closing wheels (8C) or press wheels (8B), the first supply line (15 ) exits in the tillage tool (8) and the second feed line (16) exits at a distance from the first feed line (15) outlet in the longitudinal direction of the tillage tool (8) and/or transversely to the longitudinal direction of the tool (8) for tillage. 3. Distributor (2) according to one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the first supply line (15) is configured to transport granular material from the first outlet (12) on one side to the first place (22) of application on the other side, the first the place (22) of application is in front of the closing wheel (8C) in the working direction (F) of the closing wheel (8C). 4. Distributor (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second supply line (16) is configured to transport granular material from the second outlet (13) on the one hand to the second place (20) of application on the other hand, and the second the application location (20) is located behind the closing wheel (8C) or next to the closing wheel (8C) in the working direction (F) of the closing wheel (8C). 5. The distributor (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dispenser (5) contains a setting mechanism acting on the guide device (17), by means of which it is possible to select which of the two outlets (12, 13) is formed by the feed channel, - 5 043126 and it is possible to actuate the adjustment mechanism by means of appropriate means manually, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically. 6. Distributor (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it contains at least two dispensers (5, 5'), wherein the adjustment mechanisms of said at least two dispensers (5, 5') can be actuated together . 7. Distributor (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guiding device (17) is made in the form of a rotary guide leaf (17). 8. Distributor (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hopper (4) is provided with two dispensers (5, 5'), wherein the hopper (4) is divided by means of a separating element (23) into two separate areas (24, 24 ') of the hopper, each of the two separate areas (24, 24') of the hopper is provided with a dispenser (5, 5').