EA042947B1 - ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM - Google Patents

Description

Requested Priority

This application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 16/688,939 entitled

Engine cooling system and method and registered on November 19, 2019

Technical field

Embodiments relate to engines. Other embodiments relate to cooling systems for engines.

State of the art

During engine operation, the combustion chamber of the cylinder generates a large amount of heat. To reduce thermal damage to engine components and improve engine performance, engine components are cooled by the cooling system. In this case, a liquid coolant is pumped by a pump and circulated around the heat generating components of the engine through cooling jackets connected to said cooling system through special coolant flow passages. The heated coolant is cooled as it passes through a radiator, where heat is removed to the surrounding air. In addition, the heated coolant may be circulated through engine components that require heat, such as the center of a heater, for example. A thermostat may be provided to control the flow of the coolant based on temperature.

However, due to the relative arrangement of the engine components, efficient cooling cannot be achieved. For example, components that are closer to the coolant pump and thermostat may receive more coolant flow than other components that are further away. As another example, increased coolant flow can help improve heat dissipation to the coolant and provide adequate cooling to engine components to achieve improved engine performance, efficiency, and reliability. In addition, due to the layout of the cooling system, as well as due to space restrictions imposed on the space under the hood of the vehicle, the cooling medium can flow unidirectionally through the components in a certain order. This circumstance makes it difficult to direct more coolant flow to some components while reducing coolant flow to other components.

The essence of the invention

Methods and systems are provided for improving the cooling efficiency of cylinder heads and for providing controlled control of the flow of the coolant. In accordance with one embodiment, an engine cooling system is provided, comprising coolant passages connected to respective cylinder heads of an engine block.

In one embodiment, the cooling system of a locomotive engine, or another vehicle engine, or another engine may comprise cooling subassemblies, with each subassembly connected to one engine cylinder. Each subunit may include a central cylinder liner jacket surrounding the corresponding cylinder liner. The central axis of the sleeve jacket coincides with the central axis of the respective cylinder. The supply line to the cylinder head directs the coolant from the first hole, connected to the outer surface of the liner jacket, to the lower cooling jacket of the cylinder head. The cylinder liner supply line receives the coolant at the second hole connected to the specified outer surface of the liner jacket from the first channel of the coolant supply line in the crankcase. Said supply line in the crankcase is in the same plane with the lower surface of the sleeve jacket and adjoins the sleeve jacket on one side of the central axis. The coolant is directed in parallel from the coolant supply line in the crankcase to the lower cooling jacket of the cylinder head, made in the form of a ring located above the cylinder liner jacket and coaxial with it. After passing through the lower cooling jacket, the first part of the cooling medium is directed to the upper cooling jacket located above the lower cooling jacket through the first outlet, while the second remaining portion of the cooling medium is directed to the cooling jacket of the exhaust channel through the second outlet. The upper cooling jacket contains a central cylindrical part, which is coaxial with the lower cooling jacket and the cylinder liner jacket, and the upper cooling jacket additionally has a protruding part extending from the central cylindrical part in the direction of the supply line in the crankcase on one side from the central axis of the liner jacket. The cooling jacket of the exhaust channel extends outward from the central axis of the jacket of the liner and is adjacent to the bored hole connecting the upper cooling jacket to the lower cooling jacket. The coolant circulating through the exhaust cooling channel is returned to the upper cooling jacket of the cylinder head. The combined coolant flow then returns through a bleed return line extending from the projection on the top cooling jacket to the crankcase coolant return line located below the crankcase coolant supply line. Thus, the cooling medium is circulated to the cylinder liner and to the bottom of the cylinder head in parallel to improve the cooling efficiency. Then, the cooling medium from the lower part is divided between the exhaust cooling passage and the upper part of the cylinder head to allow the cooling of the cylinder head to be controlled. Finally, the coolant flows are combined before being returned to the return line in the crankcase, which is common to all cylinders, thereby allowing for an easier layout of the cooling system components.

It should be understood that the above summary is provided to present in a simplified form a selection of concepts, which are described in detail below. It is not intended to define the main or essential features of the claimed invention, the scope of which is unambiguously defined in the claims following the detailed description. In addition, the claimed invention is not limited to implementations that eliminate any of the disadvantages noted above or in any part of this description.

Brief description of the drawings

The present invention will become better understood upon reading the following description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

fig. 1 shows a sectional view of an exemplary engine block and coolant passages therethrough;

fig. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of the cooling system circuit and the circulation of the coolant through various locations in the engine block;

fig. 3 shows a block diagram showing the circuit of the cooling system shown in FIG. 2;

fig. 4 shows a perspective view of the cooling system shown in FIG. 2;

fig. 5 shows a top view of the cooling system;

fig. 6 shows a bottom view of the cooling system;

fig. 7 shows a front view of the cooling system;

fig. 8 shows a rear view of the cooling system;

fig. 9 shows an isometric view of the cooling system as viewed from the left side;

fig. 10 shows an isometric view of the cooling system as viewed from the right side;

fig. 11 shows a block diagram of an exemplary method for circulating a coolant through a cylinder head and an engine block via the cooling system shown in FIG. 4-10.

Detailed description of the invention

In FIG. 1 shows a sectional view 100 of an exemplary engine block 10 (e.g., a locomotive engine, or another vehicle engine, or another engine, such as for a stationary generator) and coolant passages through components of said engine block 10. The engine block 10 may include bored holes 124 in the cylinder block (also referred to herein as cylinder 124) made herein as appropriate. A cylinder head 118 may be positioned on top of each bore 124 and may abut against the upper surface of the walls around the bore 124. Gaskets (including head gaskets) and separators may be used to position the cylinder head 118 above each bore 124. In this example, four bore holes 124 are shown along with four corresponding cylinder heads 118. Each bore 124, together with a corresponding cylinder head 118, can enclose a combustion chamber 112.

Each combustion chamber 112 may be connected to intake passage 24 and exhaust passage 26. During combustion, an air-fuel mixture may be introduced from intake manifold 122 into combustion chamber 112 via intake passage 24. Intake valve 28 may be opened during the intake stroke to conduct the required amount of air-fuel mixture. The head 118 of each cylinder may include a nozzle that supplies diesel fuel to the combustion chamber 112 to initiate combustion. After combustion, the residual gas mixture (exhaust) may be directed from the combustion chamber to exhaust manifold 120 via exhaust passage 26. During the exhaust stroke, exhaust valve 30 may be opened to assist in evacuating exhaust gas from combustion chamber 112 to exhaust manifold 120. Each cylinder 124 may contain a separate intake port 24 and exhaust port 26 while using a common intake manifold 122 and exhaust manifold 120.

The sleeve 116 of the cylinder may be concentrically located in the bore 124 of the cylinder covering the chamber 112 of the combustion. By strengthening the bore 124 with a sleeve, the inner wall of the bore 124 can be protected from wear caused by prolonged sliding contact with the moving piston. Said sleeve usually has a flange which enables the sleeve to rest on the engine block. In this case, the sleeve is held on the bored hole of the cylinder using a vertical support by means of a flange. In one example, cylinder liner 116 may have a constant diameter around bore 124. In another example (as shown herein), cylinder liner 116 may vary in diameter between head 118 and crankcase 142. Cylinder liner 116 may have a first diameter closer to cylinder head 118 and the second diameter is closer to the crankcase 142, with the first diameter larger than the second diameter.

- 2 042947

Inside the combustion chamber 112, a piston 115 may be located with a piston pin connecting the piston 115 to a connecting rod 134, the lower end of which is attached to the engine crankshaft through the connecting rod journal 136. The crankshaft may be enclosed in a crankcase 142. Each cylinder bore 124 in the cylinder block may have a corresponding crankcase 142, while each of the crankcases in the engine block 10 may be enclosed in a crankcase 140.

The cooling system may include each of the crankcase coolant supply lines 160 installed inside the crankcase housing 140 below each of the bore holes 124, as well as the coolant return line 162 installed inside the crankcase housing 140 immediately below the crankcase coolant supply line 160.

Said crankcase coolant supply line 160 may be fluidly connected to a cylinder liner center jacket 42 surrounding a respective liner 116 of each cylinder 124. The crankcase coolant supply line 160 may enclose the liner center jacket 42 like a sleeve. This example shows that there may be four center liner jackets 42 corresponding to the four cylinders 124. Cylinder bore 124, cylinder liner 116, and cylinder liner jacket 42 may be coaxial with a central axis. Sleeve jacket 42 may be fluidly connected to a lower cooling jacket 44 surrounding the bottom surface of cylinder head 118 and positioned directly above cylinder bore 124 . The crankcase coolant supply line 160 may also be connected directly to the lower cooling jacket 44. The lower cooling jacket may be connected to the upper cooling jacket 46 surrounding the top surface of the cylinder head 118, the lower jacket 44 being coaxial with the upper jacket 46. In addition, , the lower cooling jacket 44 may be connected by a coolant line to the cooling jacket 48 surrounding the exhaust passage 26. The exhaust cooling jacket 48 may be connected between the upper cooling jacket 46 and the lower cooling jacket 44 and offset to one side of the central axis. Exhaust cooling jacket 48 may be fluidly connected to upper cooling jacket 46, which in turn may be fluidly connected to crankcase coolant return line 162. As discussed in detail with respect to FIG. 2, coolant may flow from crankcase coolant supply line 160 to coolant return line 162 through each of the liner center jackets 42, lower supply line 44, upper supply line 46, and exhaust supply line 48, thereby providing cooling for each liner. 116 engine cylinders, cylinder head 118 and exhaust port 26 for each cylinder in a block of 10 cylinders.

Fig. 2 is a block diagram 200 of an exemplary cooling system 202 showing the circulation of a coolant through various engine block locations. The direction of coolant flow through the coolant lines in the cooling system 202 is indicated by arrows. The components of the cooling system 202 discussed earlier in FIG. 1 are numbered similarly and are therefore not revisited. In this example, one combustion chamber 112 (inside the cylinder liner in the cylinder bore) is shown along with the corresponding cylinder head 118. The inlet 24 and the exhaust 26 may be connected to the combustion chamber 112. The crankcase 140 may enclose the crankcases corresponding to each of the cylinders, with the crankcase 140 enclosing each of the lines, the crankcase coolant supply line 160 and the crankcase coolant return line 162.

The cooling system includes a sump 208, such as a reservoir, that can store coolant before it is circulated through engine components. After circulating through the engine components, the coolant may return to the radiator 210, which may be in fluid communication with the atmosphere, and the heat absorbed by the coolant while passing through the engine components may be dissipated to the atmosphere (in the radiator).

After the temperature of the coolant in the radiator 210 falls below the threshold temperature, the coolant can flow from the radiator 210 to the sump 208 through the coolant supply line 205 . As an example, the coolant threshold temperature may correspond to the temperature at which heat from metal engine components can be absorbed. The threshold temperature of the coolant can be pre-calibrated based on the specific heat ratio of the coolant and the metal used to create the engine block. In one example, a valve may be located in the coolant supply line 205 to facilitate the return of the coolant to the sump 208 after cooling has been performed.

The coolant from the sump 208 may pass into the coolant supply line 160 in the crankcase through the first coolant line 209 . During engine operation, pump 212 may be actuated by the controller to pass coolant from sump 208 to crankcase coolant line 160. The coolant may exit the supply line 160 through the main coolant supply line 234 . Said main coolant supply line 234 may split into a first coolant supply line 236 supplying the first portion of the coolant from the supply line 160 to the sleeve cooling jacket 42

- 3 042947 cylinder, and a second coolant supply line 238 leading the second part of the coolant from the supply line 160 to the lower cooling jacket 44. In one example, each of the first line 236 and the second coolant supply line 238 may originate from the supply line 160 .

As an example, a pump may be connected to coolant supply line 160 to pump coolant from supply line 160 into each cylinder liner cooling jacket 42 and bottom cooling jacket 44. A proportional valve may be connected to the main coolant supply line 234 downstream. from the supply line 160 to vary the flow rate of the coolant directed to the liner cooling jacket 42 relative to the lower cooling jacket 44. The flow rate may be based on the temperature of the cylinder liner relative to the temperature of the cylinder head.

After passing through the cooling jacket 42 of the cylinder liner, the cooling medium can enter the lower cooling jacket 44 through the third line 239 supply of cooling medium. Thus, the coolant can pass into the lower cooling jacket 44 through two inlets: through the first inlet from the liner cooling jacket 42, and through the second inlet directly from the supply line 160. The bottom jacket 44 may also include two outlets - a first outlet 240 which directs the first portion of the coolant from the lower cooling jacket 44 into the exhaust channel cooling jacket, while the second outlet 241 directs the second portion of the coolant from the lower cooling jacket 44 into the upper cooling jacket 46.

After passing through the cooling jacket 48 of the exhaust channel, the cooling medium can be directed to the upper cooling jacket 46 through the fourth line 242 supply of cooling medium. Thus, the entire volume of the coolant passing through each of the liner cooling jacket 42, the lower cooling jacket, and the exhaust channel cooling jacket 48 can be directed to the upper cooling jacket 46. From the upper cooling jacket 46, the entire volume of the cooling medium can be returned to the line 162 return coolant in the crankcase via main coolant return line 244. Since the coolant returns to the crankcase coolant return line 162 after absorbing thermal energy from the above engine components, the temperature of the coolant in the crankcase coolant return line 162 may be higher than the temperature of the coolant in the crankcase coolant supply line 160 . In order to lower the temperature of the coolant before it is recirculated to the sump 208, the coolant may be directed from said return line 162 to the radiator 210. As discussed above, in the radiator 210 in contact with the ambient atmosphere, heat from the coolant may be dissipated. in atmosphere.

In FIG. 3 is a block diagram 300 representing the circuit 301 of the refrigeration system shown in FIG. 2. The components of the cooling system discussed earlier in the previous drawings are numbered similarly and therefore are not considered again.

In this example, engine block 302 may comprise six separate cylinder blocks 312, 314, 316, 318, 320, and 322, with each cylinder block including a cylinder bore, a cylinder liner outlining the bore, and a cylinder liner cooling jacket. Each block of cylinders can be attached to a corresponding cylinder head. In this example, six cylinder heads 313, 315, 317, 319, 321, and 323 are shown, with each cylinder head comprising a lower cooling jacket, an upper cooling jacket, and an exhaust channel cooling jacket.

Coolant loop 301 may include a coolant reservoir 304 in which coolant can be stored before it is circulated through engine block 302. In one example, the coolant reservoir 304 may be the sump 208 shown in FIG. 2. During engine operation, coolant from reservoir 304 may flow into supply line 160 located in the crankcase via coolant line 209. From supply line 160, coolant may simultaneously pass to each of cylinder blocks 312, 314, 316, 318, 320, and 322 via respective separate first coolant supply lines 322, 324, 326, 328, 330, and 332.

In one example, a single pump downstream of the supply line may direct coolant from supply line 160 to each of cylinder blocks 312, 314, 316, 318, 320, and 322 via each of first lines 322, 324, 326, 328 , 330 and 332 coolant supply. A proportional valve may be connected downstream of the pump to vary the flow rate of the coolant to each of the first coolant lines 322, 324, 326, 328, 330, and 332. Alternatively, each of the first coolant supply lines 322, 324, 326, 328, 330, and 332 may include valves that can be individually actuated based on the cooling demand of the respective cylinder block and cylinder head to change the amount of coolant. passing through each of the first lines 322, 324, 326,

- 4 042947

328, 330, and 332. As an example, more coolant may be directed toward the maximum temperature cylinder. In addition, during conditions in which a cylinder is out of service, the coolant may not be directed to that cylinder.

In another example, coolant supply lines 322, 324, 326, 328, 330, and 332 may each comprise separate pumps to facilitate parallel flow of coolant from supply line 160 to each of cylinder blocks 312, 314, 316, 318, 320, and 322. . From each cylinder bank 312, 314, 316, 318, 320, and 322, coolant may flow to their respective cylinder heads 313, 315, 317, 319, 321, and 323 via respective separate second lines 333, 334, 336, 338, 340, and 342 coolant supply. After passing through the lower cooling jacket, the upper cooling jacket, and the exhaust channel cooling jacket placed in each of the cylinder heads 313, 315, 317, 319, 321, and 323, the coolant may return to the return line 162 from each of the cylinder heads 313, 315, 317, 319, 321 and 323 through a common coolant return line 344. From the return line 162, the coolant may be directed back to the coolant reservoir 304 via the radiator and the second coolant line 346.

Thus, the cooling system for an engine may include a coolant supply line 160 connected inside the engine crankcase, a coolant return line 162 connected inside the engine crankcase, a first cooling assembly comprising a cylinder liner jacket surrounding the first cylinder, an upper cooling jacket, and a lower cooling a jacket surrounding the head of the first cylinder and an exhaust channel cooling jacket connected to the exhaust channel of the first cylinder, and a second cooling assembly comprising another cylinder liner jacket surrounding the second cylinder, another upper cooling jacket and another lower cooling jacket surrounding the second cylinder head, and another exhaust duct cooling jacket connected to the second cylinder exhaust duct, each of the first and second cooling units being connected to a coolant supply line and a coolant return line.

In FIG. 4 is a perspective view 400 of the portion 402 of the cooling system shown in FIG. 2 attached to one cylinder in the engine block. In this example, the cylinder is not shown, but the central axis of the cylinder system is labeled A-A'. This cylinder may be radially symmetrical about the axis A-A'. The components of the cooling system discussed earlier are numbered similarly and therefore are not considered again.

Inside the crankcase, below the cylinder, a coolant supply line 160 may be located. The main coolant supply line may provide a flow connection of the supply line 160 to the sump (coolant reservoir), wherein the coolant may pass to the supply line 160 through the main coolant supply line before the coolant is circulated through the engine components. The main coolant supply line may be connected to the side surface of the supply line 160 with the main coolant supply line parallel to the radius of the cylinder (in the direction perpendicular to the axis AA'). Components 432, 434, 437, 439 and 433 provide support for the center portion and are added to enable casting.

Directly below the coolant supply line 160 within the crankcase, a coolant return line 162 may be located. The main coolant return line (not shown) may provide a flow connection of the coolant return line 162 to the radiator, whereby the warm coolant collected in said return line (after passing through the engine components) may flow to the radiator. The coolant supply line 160 and the coolant return line 162 may each be aligned with the first side of the central axis A-A' and the cylinder. The cooling system may include a single coolant supply line 160 connected to coolant lines extending to various components of the cooling system corresponding to each cylinder. Similarly, coolant from each cooling system component attached to each cylinder can be returned to one coolant return line 162.

In one example, the coolant supply line 160 and the coolant return line 162 may each be in the form of elongated cuboids, with the edges of the coolant supply line 160 coplanar with the edges of the coolant return line 162.

The liner jacket 42 may wrap around the cylinder liner like a sleeve. The cylinder liner jacket 42 may have an outer cylindrical surface, an inner cylindrical surface, and a space formed between said inner and outer surfaces for circulation of a cooling medium, the inner and outer surfaces each surrounding said cylinder. Sleeve jacket 42 may be fluidly connected to supply line 160 via a first coolant supply line (not shown) located between supply line 160 and the side of sleeve jacket 42 facing supply line 160 (on the first side of the cylinder).

- 5 042947

Additionally, case jacket 42 may be fluidly connected to lower jacket 44 via first coolant passage 412. The first passage 412 for the cooling medium may originate from a cone-shaped protrusion 411 in the wall of the jacket 42 of the cylinder liner.

The cooling system may include each of the jackets, a lower cooling jacket 44 surrounding the bottom surface of the cylinder head mounted above the cylinder, and an upper cooling jacket 46 surrounding the top surface of the cylinder head. The lower cooling jacket 44 may be positioned directly above the cylinder liner jacket 42, while the upper cooling jacket 46 may be positioned directly above the lower cooling jacket 44, while the liner jacket 42, the lower jacket 44 and the upper jacket 46 may be coaxial with the central axis A -A'. The lower cooling jacket 44 may be in the form of a circular hollow tube with a cooling medium passing through it. Radially from the bottom jacket 44, a large number of cylindrical structures 442 can extend to add support for the central portion. Each cylindrical structure 442 may include a circular plug at the end (some distance from the lower cooling jacket 44).

The lower cooling jacket 44 may be fluidly connected to each of the coolant supply line 160, the upper jacket 46, and the exhaust channel cooling jacket 48. The first inlet of the lower cooling jacket may be connected to the sleeve jacket 42 through a first coolant passage 412 located on the second side of the center axis (and cylinder), while the second inlet of the lower cooling jacket may be connected to the coolant supply line 160 through the second passage 416 for the cooling medium, located on the first side of the Central axis opposite the second side. The first outlet of the lower cooling jacket may be connected to the upper jacket 46 through a third coolant passage located on the first side of the central axis, while the second outlet of the lower cooling jacket may be connected to the exhaust channel cooling jacket 48 through a fourth cooling fluid passage. environment, located on the second side of the central axis.

The top jacket 46 comprises a central circular structure with cylindrical structures 446 extending radially from said central circular structure. The upper cooling jacket may include a first projection 447 extending downward and outward from the top surface of the central circular structure towards the upper surface of the lower jacket on the first side from the central axis. The first protruding portion 447 may extend into a coolant return passage 424 connecting the top jacket 46 to the coolant return line 162. The coolant return passage 424 may be parallel to the second coolant passage 416 and the central axis. The top jacket 46 may further comprise a second protrusion 448 extending outwardly from the top surface of the central circular structure towards the top surface of the exhaust cooling channel cooling jacket 48, on the second side of the central axis. In this example, the first projection 447 may extend in a direction opposite to the second projection 448, with each of the first and second projections extending along a projection axis perpendicular to the central axis.

The cooling jacket 48 of the cylinder head exhaust passage may be attached between the upper and lower jacket and offset to the second side from the central axis. The exhaust duct cooling jacket may be an elongated hollow structure through which a cooling medium can flow. The inlet of the cooling jacket 48 may be in fluid communication with the second outlet of the lower jacket 44 through a fourth coolant passage. The inlet of the exhaust duct cooling jacket 48 may be located on the bottom surface 488 of the jacket 48, with the bottom surface 488 being in the same plane as the bottom jacket 44. A cylinder vent 414 may be provided at the top of the cooling jacket in the cylinder head.

In one example, coolant from supply line 160 may simultaneously pass to cylinder liner jacket 42 and lower cooling jacket 44, respectively, through a first coolant supply line (not shown) and a second coolant passage 416. From sleeve jacket 42, coolant may pass to bottom jacket 44 via first coolant passage 412. The coolant can then be simultaneously directed from the bottom jacket 44 to the top jacket 46 and to the exhaust duct cooling jacket 48, respectively, through the third coolant passage and the fourth coolant passage. From the exhaust port jacket 48, coolant may also be directed to the top jacket 46 via the fifth coolant passage 436. Finally, the coolant may pass from the top jacket 46 to the coolant return line 162 via the coolant return passage 424 .

Thus, the components shown in Fig. 1-4 provide a cooling system for an engine cylinder, comprising a cylinder liner jacket surrounding the cylinder and made

- 6 042947 with the possibility of creating a circulation of the coolant around the cylinder liner, while the central axis of the sleeve jacket coincides with the central axis of the surrounded cylinder, the coolant supply line located inside the crankcase below the cylinder, the coolant return line located inside the crankcase below the coolant supply line , the lower jacket of the cylinder head surrounding the lower surface of the cylinder head mounted above the cylinder, and the lower jacket is located above the jacket of the liner coaxial with it, and the upper jacket of the cylinder head surrounding the upper surface of the cylinder head, while the upper jacket is located above the lower jacket and the upper jacket contains a central part, coaxial with the sleeve jacket, and a cooling jacket of the exhaust channel of the cylinder head, attached between the upper jacket and the lower jacket and shifted to one side from the central axis, the lower jacket being flow-through connected to the coolant supply line, the upper jacket, the cylinder liner jacket and exhaust duct cooling jacket.

In FIG. 5 is a plan view 500 (top of the cylinder head) of the cooling system shown in FIG. 2 connected to one cylinder in the engine block. The components of the cooling system discussed earlier in the previous drawings are numbered similarly and therefore are not considered again.

The top jacket may include a central solid disc 548 and four circular cavities 546 located on the top surface of the top jacket 46. These four circular cavities 546 may be symmetrically distributed around the central disc 548. Cylindrical structures 446 may extend radially outward from the top surface of the top jacket 46. Each of these cylindrical structures 446 may include a rod-shaped component with a plug.

The first projection 447 may extend outwardly from the top surface of the top jacket 46 to a coolant return passage 424 connecting the top jacket 46 to the return line. The second protrusion 448 may extend outwardly from the top surface of the top jacket 46 and can connect the top jacket 46 to the outlet center support component 435 via a coolant passage 436. A cylinder vent 414 may be located on the cooling jacket 48 of the exhaust passage.

The top jacket 46 may be coaxial with the bottom jacket 44 and the cylinder liner jacket 42. The bottom jacket 44 may also include cylindrical structures 442 extending radially outward from the center of the bottom jacket 44. The cylindrical structures 446 corresponding to the top jacket 46 may not overlap with the cylindrical structures corresponding to the bottom jacket 44.

The coolant supply line 160 may be located on the first side of each of the top jacket 46, bottom jacket 44, and cylinder liner jacket 42, while the exhaust coolant jacket can be located on the second side of each of the top jacket 46, bottom jacket 44, and jacket 42 cylinder liners, the second side being diametrically opposed to the first side. The first coolant supply line 552 is shown connecting the supply line 160 to the cylinder liner jacket 42, while the first coolant passage 412 connects the cylinder liner jacket 42 to the lower jacket 44. The main coolant supply line may supply coolant to the supply line 160 . Since the refrigerant return line is located immediately below the supply line 160, and the shape and size of the refrigerant return line and the coolant supply line 160 are substantially the same, the refrigerant return line is difficult to see in the drawing.

In FIG. 6 is a view 600 from below (bottom of the cylinder) of the cooling system shown in FIG. 2 connected to one cylinder in the engine block. The components of the cooling system discussed earlier in the previous drawings are numbered similarly and therefore are not considered again.

The coaxial components, including the cylinder liner cooling jacket 42, the bottom cooling jacket 44, and the top cooling jacket, are stacked one on top of the other (in that order). The cylinder liner cooling jacket 42, the lower cooling jacket 44 and the upper cooling jacket may have a similar diameter. Because the cylinder liner jacket 42 is completely hollow (not shown here to surround the cylinder), the bottom jacket 44 can be seen through the cylinder liner jacket 42. The undershirt 44 may include a central disc 618 which may be directly below the central solid disc of the upper jacket 46. Four bars 614 may attach the center disc 618 to the curved circular edge of the undershirt 44. Two adjacent bars 614 form a right angle. The bars 614 do not overlap with the circular cavities 546 of the top jacket 46, with each circular cavity 546 visible between two adjacent bars 614. Coolant flow through the bars 614 is intended to cool the valve seats.

The coolant return line 162 may be located on a first side of each of the top jacket 46, the bottom jacket 44, and the cylinder liner jacket 42, while the exhaust coolant jacket 48 can be located on the second side of each of the top jacket 46,

- 7 042947 of the lower jacket 44 and the jacket 42 of the cylinder liner, while the second side is diametrically opposite to the first side. Because the refrigerant return line 162 is located immediately below the supply line, the supply line is difficult to see in the drawing. The first coolant line 552 is shown connecting the supply line to the cylinder liner jacket 42, and the first coolant passage 412 connects the cylinder liner jacket 42 to the lower jacket 44. The first coolant supply line 552 may be located diametrically opposite the first passage 412 for the first coolant supply line 552 is located near the return line 162, and the first coolant supply line 552 is located near the cooling jacket 48 of the exhaust channel.

In FIG. 7 is a front view 700 of the cooling system shown in FIG. 2 connected to one cylinder in the engine block. The components of the cooling system discussed earlier in the previous drawings are numbered similarly and therefore are not considered again.

The first surface (away from the cylinder) of the supply line 160 may be in the same plane as the first surface of the return line 162 (away from the cylinder), with the supply line 160 located directly above the return line 162. The main coolant return line can lead the warm coolant collected in the return line (after passing through the engine components) to the radiator. The main coolant supply line may be connected to the second (side) surface of supply line 160 for passing coolant from the sump to supply line 160 before circulating coolant through engine components.

The supply line 160 may be located adjacent to the cylinder liner jacket 42 on the first side of the cylinder liner jacket 42 . The bottom jacket 44 is placed directly above the case jacket 42, and the top jacket 46 may be placed directly above the bottom jacket 44. The coolant passage 416 connecting the bottom jacket 44 to the supply line 160 is visible protruding from the third surface of the supply line 160 (closest to the jacket). 42 shells). Also visible is a coolant passage 412 connecting the cylinder liner jacket 42 to the lower jacket 44.

A first protrusion 447 is visible, originating from the central portion of the top jacket 46 and extending down and out to a coolant return passage 424 connecting the top jacket 46 to the coolant return line 162. Also visible is a second projection 448 originating from the center portion of the top shirt 46 and extending outward from the center portion of the top shirt 46. The first projection 447 and the second projection 448 may be diametrically opposed to each other. The second projection 448 may be fluidly connected through the coolant passage 436 to the outlet of the exhaust duct cooling jacket 48, wherein the top jacket may receive coolant from the exhaust duct cooling jacket 48 through the second projection 448. The first row of cylindrical structures 446 may extend from the top jacket 46 and a second row of cylindrical structures 442 may extend from the bottom jacket 44.

An exhaust cooling jacket 48 may be located adjacent to the top jacket 46 on the second side of the top jacket 46. Supply and return lines 160, 162 may be located on opposite sides of the cylinder.

In FIG. 8 is a rear view 800 of the cooling system shown in FIG. 2 connected to one cylinder in the engine block. The components of the cooling system discussed earlier in the previous drawings are numbered similarly and therefore are not considered again.

The third surface (closest to the cylinder) of the supply line 160 may be in the same plane as the third surface of the return line 162 (closest to the cylinder), with the supply line 160 located directly above the return line 162. Coolant return passage 424 may be connected to a third side of return line 162 through which coolant may return to return line 162 after passing through case jacket 42, lower line 44, upper line 46, and exhaust channel cooling jacket 48.

The cylinder liner cooling jacket 42 may partially obstruct the third surface of the supply line 160 . The coolant passage 412 connecting the cylinder liner jacket 42 to the lower cooling jacket 44 may originate from a tapered projection 411 on the wall of the cylinder liner jacket 42 facing away from the supply line 160 . The lower cooling jacket 44 is placed directly above the cylinder liner jacket 42, and the upper cooling jacket 46 may be placed directly above the lower jacket 44. It can be seen that the first row of cylindrical structures 446 extends from the upper cooling jacket 46, while the second row of cylindrical structures 442 extends from bottom jacket 44. It can be seen that the coolant passage 416 connecting the bottom jacket 44 to the supply line 160 is behind the jacket 42 of the cylinder liner.

The exhaust channel cooling jacket 48 may be in the form of a chair containing

- 8 042947 seat 48a and backrest 48b. The exhaust passage may extend through the area between seat 48a and backrest 48b. It can be seen that the rod-shaped bore 472 attaches the top jacket 46 to the seat portion 48a of the cooling jacket 48 of the exhaust channel.

In FIG. 9 is a view 900 from the right side of the cooling system, and FIG. 10 is a view 1000 from the left side of the cooling system shown in FIG. 2 connected to one cylinder in the engine block. The components of the cooling system discussed earlier in the previous drawings are numbered similarly and therefore are not considered again. The central axis of the cylinder is shown by the dotted line A-A'.

In each of the views, the coolant supply line 160 is visible directly above the coolant return line 162. The right side view shows the right end surfaces of each of the supply and return lines 160, 162, while the left side view shows the left end surfaces of each of the supply and return lines 160, 162. In the right view, the return passage 424 is partially obstructed by the coolant passage 416 connecting the supply line 160 to the lower cooling jacket 44, while in the left view, the coolant passage 416 is obstructed by the return passage 424. The return passage 424 and the coolant passage 416 may be parallel to each other and to the central axis A-A'.

Although the coolant supply line 160 and the coolant return line 162 are located on the first side of the central axis A-A', nevertheless, each of the sleeve jacket 42, the lower jacket 44 and the upper jacket 46 can be symmetrical around the central axis A-A'. The exhaust duct cooling jacket 48 may be located on the second side of the central axis A-A' opposite the first side.

A coolant passage 412 connecting case jacket 42 to bottom jacket 44 is seen originating from a tapered projection 411 on the wall of case jacket 42. The first row of cylindrical structures 446 is seen extending radially from the top jacket 46, while the second row of cylindrical structures 442 is seen extending radially from the bottom jacket 44. The first projection 447 of the top jacket 46 is seen extending in a direction opposite to the second projection 448, each of the first and the second protruding portion extends along an axis perpendicular to the central axis.

The front surface of the exhaust duct cooling jacket 48 is visible in the right side view, while the rear surface of the exhaust duct cooling jacket 48 is visible in the left side view. A rod-like bore 472 is visible on the front surface of the exhaust port jacket 48, with the bore 472 connecting the top jacket 46 to the exhaust port cooling jacket 48.

The rod-like shape may correspond to an elongated cylindrical shape with a large ratio (ratio between length and diameter).

In FIG. 11 shows an exemplary method 1100 for circulating coolant through the cylinder head and engine block using the cooling system shown in FIG. 4-10. Instructions for performing method 1100 may be executed by the controller based on instructions stored in the controller's memory and in accordance with signals received from vehicle system sensors. The controller may use the actuators of the vehicle system to control the flow of coolant through the engine components in accordance with the method discussed below.

At 1102, the routine includes determining whether a coolant flow is required. Coolant flow may be required when the engine is in a running state, for example to ignite fuel and air. When ignited, heat is generated that causes the engine components to heat up. Excessive heating of engine components can increase engine wear and fuel consumption. Coolant flow through or around engine components, including cylinder heads and cylinder liners, can transfer thermal energy from engine components to the coolant, thereby cooling the engine components. The coolant flow may not be necessary if the engine is not running in the ignition state, for example, when the vehicle is not running, or when the vehicle is driven by machine torque.

If a no coolant flow condition is determined, at step 1104 a coolant supply pump (eg, pump 212 in FIG. 2) connected to a first coolant line (eg, coolant line 209 in FIG. 2) connecting the sump for coolant supply line (eg, sump 208 in FIG. 2) with a coolant supply line (eg, supply line 160 in FIG. 2) can be kept off. When switched off, no coolant can be directed from the sump to the supply line.

If a coolant flow requirement condition is determined, then at 1106 the controller may send a signal to an actuator coupled to the pump to start the coolant supply pump. During operation of the pump at 1108, coolant may flow from the coolant sump to the coolant supply line in the crankcase through the first coolant line. Before circulation through the cooling system, the coolant

- 9 042947 can be stored in a pallet.

At 1110, from the crankcase coolant supply line, the coolant flow can be split simultaneously into a cylinder liner cooling jacket (eg, liner cooling jacket 42 in FIG. 2) and a cylinder head lower cooling jacket (eg, lower cylinder liner 44). in Fig. 2). Coolant may exit the supply line through the main coolant supply line. The main coolant supply line can be split into the first coolant supply line, which supplies the first part of the coolant from the supply line to the cooling jacket of the cylinder liner, and the second coolant supply line, which supplies the second part of the coolant from the supply line to the lower cooling jacket. In one example, each of the first and second coolant supply lines may originate from a supply line.

In one example, coolant from the supply line may be directed simultaneously to a plurality of cooling units spanning individual cylinders, for example, a first cooling unit spanning a first cylinder block and associated head, and a second cooling unit spanning a second cylinder block and associated head. The blocks of the first and second cylinders may be located adjacent to each other, and each of the blocks of the first and second cylinders is attached to the crankcase. As an example, the first coolant flow rate through the first cooling unit relative to the second cooling unit can be varied based on the operating conditions of the individual cylinders. The first flow can be varied by adjusting a proportional valve connected to the main coolant supply line, said valve increasing the first flow relative to the second flow when the temperature of the cylinder head from the first cylinder block exceeds that of the cylinder head from the second cylinder block.

At 1112, coolant from the liner cooling jacket may be directed to the lower cylinder head cooling jacket. Thus, the lower cooling jacket can receive a cooling medium from each cylinder liner cooling jacket and from the supply line. At 1114, the cooling medium from the lower cylinder head cooling jacket may be separated into flows for the upper cylinder head cooling jacket (eg, upper jacket 44 in FIG. 2) and the exhaust duct cooling jacket (eg, exhaust duct cooling jacket 48 in FIG. 2). ). The bottom jacket 44 may have two outlets, the first outlet which directs the first portion of the coolant from the lower jacket into the exhaust duct cooling jacket, while the second outlet directs the second portion of the coolant from the lower jacket into the upper cooling jacket.

At 1116, coolant from the cylinder head overcoat and exhaust port cooling jacket may be directed to a coolant return line in the crankcase (eg, return line 162 in FIG. 2). From the exhaust duct cooling jacket, coolant can pass to the top jacket through the fourth coolant supply line. From the top jacket, the entire coolant volume can be returned to the coolant return line in the crankcase via the main coolant return line. As heat from the engine is transferred to the coolant circulating through it, the temperature of the coolant rises. Therefore, the temperature of the coolant in the coolant return line may be higher than the temperature of the coolant in the coolant supply line.

At 1118, coolant from the main coolant line may be returned to the sump via the radiator. In the radiator, the coolant can dissipate heat absorbed from engine components and the coolant can return to the sump. The temperature of the coolant entering the radiator may be higher than the temperature of the coolant leaving the radiator.

The engine cooling method may include passing the coolant obtained from the supply line connected to the crankcase through the first cooling unit, covering the block of the first cylinder and the corresponding cylinder head, parallel passage of the coolant obtained from the supply line connected to the crankcase through the second cooling unit , enclosing the block of the second cylinder and the corresponding cylinder head, and the blocks of the first and second cylinders are located adjacent to each other, and each of the blocks of the first and second cylinders is attached to the crankcase, and the change in the first flow rate of the coolant passing through the first cooling unit relative to the second cooling unit , based on the operating conditions of the individual cylinders.

An exemplary cooling system for an engine cylinder comprises a cylinder liner jacket surrounding said cylinder and configured to circulate a coolant around the cylinder liner, the cylinder liner jacket central axis coinciding with the cylinder central axis, a coolant supply line located inside the crankcase below the cylinder, a coolant supply line coolant return, located inside the crankcase below the specified coolant supply line, the lower cooling jacket of the cylinder head surrounding the lower surface of the cylinder head mounted above the cylinder, and the lower cooling

- 10 042947 giving jacket of the cylinder head is located above the jacket of the cylinder liner and coaxially with it, the upper cooling jacket of the cylinder head surrounding the upper surface of the cylinder head, and the upper cooling jacket of the cylinder head is located above the lower cooling jacket of the cylinder head, while the upper cooling jacket of the cylinder head contains a central part, the axis of which coincides with the axis of the cylinder liner jacket, and the cooling jacket of the exhaust channel of the cylinder head, attached between the upper and lower cooling jackets and offset to one side from the central axis of the cylinder, the lower cooling jacket being flow-through connected to the coolant supply line, top cooling jacket, cylinder liner jacket and exhaust channel cooling jacket. In any of the previous examples, additionally or alternatively, the lower cooling jacket fluidly connected to the coolant supply line, the upper cooling jacket, and the exhaust channel cooling jacket comprises a lower cooling jacket configured to receive a flow of coolant in parallel from the coolant supply line and from the cylinder liner jacket, and passing the coolant in parallel from the bottom jacket to each of the top jacket and exhaust channel cooling jacket. In any or all of the previous examples, additionally or alternatively, the bottom jacket is configured to receive coolant flow from the cylinder liner jacket at the first inlet through a first coolant passage located on one side of the central axis of the cylinder, the bottom jacket being with the possibility of receiving the coolant from the coolant supply line in the second inlet, located diametrically opposite to the specified first inlet, and through the second coolant passage, located on the other side of the central axis of the cylinder, opposite one side. In any or all of the previous examples, additionally or alternatively, the exhaust duct cooling jacket inlet for receiving coolant from the bottom jacket is located on the bottom surface of the exhaust duct jacket, the bottom surface of the exhaust duct jacket being in the same plane as the bottom cooling jacket, and also, the outlet of the exhaust channel jacket for directing the coolant into the upper cooling jacket is located on the upper surface of the exhaust channel jacket and is in the same plane with the upper surface of the upper jacket. In any or all of the previous examples, additionally or alternatively, the top jacket further comprises a first protrusion extending downward and outward from the top surface of the central part towards the top surface of the bottom jacket on one side of the central axis of the cylinder, the first protrusion further extending into the return passage for the coolant, parallel to the central axis of the cylinder, connecting the upper jacket with the coolant return line. In any or all of the previous examples, additionally or alternatively, the top jacket further comprises a second projecting portion extending outward from the top surface of the central portion towards the top surface of the exhaust duct cooling jacket on the other side of the central axis of the cylinder opposite one side, said the second projecting part adjoins the outlet of the exhaust channel jacket and receives the cooling medium from it. In any or all of the previous examples, additionally or alternatively, the first projection extends in a direction opposite to the second projection, with each of the first and second projections extending along an axis of the projection perpendicular to the central axis of the cylinder. In any or all of the previous examples, additionally or alternatively, the cooling system is selectively coupled to the cylinder only. In any or all of the previous examples, additionally or alternatively, the cylinder liner jacket has an outer cylindrical surface, an inner cylindrical surface, and a gap formed between said inner and outer cylindrical surfaces for circulation of a cooling medium, with each of the inner and outer cylindrical surfaces surrounding cylinder. In addition, in any or all of the previous examples, this system contains, in addition or as an option, a rod-shaped bore connecting the second protruding part of the upper jacket to the cooling jacket of the exhaust channel on one side of the central axis of the cylinder, and the specified boring hole is essentially coaxial with the central axis of the cylinder and is adjacent to the cooling jacket of the exhaust channel.

Another exemplary cooling system for an engine includes a coolant supply line connected inside the engine crankcase, a coolant return line connected inside the engine crankcase, a first cooling assembly comprising a cylinder liner jacket surrounding the first cylinder, an upper cooling jacket, and a lower cooling jacket surrounding the head. of the first cylinder, and an exhaust channel cooling jacket connected to the exhaust channel of the first cylinder, and a second cooling assembly comprising another cylinder liner jacket surrounding the second cylinder, another upper cooling jacket and another lower cooling jacket surrounding the second cylinder head, and another cooling jacket exhaust channel connected to the exhaust channel of the second cylinder, and each of the first and second cooling units is connected to the coolant supply line and to the return line

- 11 042947 and coolant. In addition, in any of the previous examples, this system comprises, additionally or alternatively, a pump connected to the coolant supply line for pumping coolant from said coolant supply line to each of the first and second cooling units, and a proportional valve connected below downstream of the pump to change the flow rate of the coolant directed to the first cooling unit relative to the second cooling unit. In any or all of the previous examples, additionally or alternatively, each of the first and second cooling units further comprises a first supply passage conducting coolant from the coolant supply line to the corresponding cylinder liner jacket, and a second supply passage conducting coolant from the line supplying the cooling medium to the respective bottom jacket, wherein the first supply passage is located perpendicular to the second supply passage, the first supply passage and the second supply passage are additionally located at diametrically opposite ends of the respective cooling unit. In any or all of the previous examples, additionally or alternatively, each of the first and second cooling assemblies further comprises a third supply passage conducting coolant from a respective bottom jacket to a respective exhaust channel jacket, and a fourth supply passage conducting coolant from a respective bottom jacket. shirts into the corresponding top shirt, and the third supply passage is parallel to the fourth supply passage. Further, in any or all of the previous examples, said system further or alternatively comprises a common coolant return passage receiving coolant from an exhaust channel cooling jacket of each of the first and second cooling assemblies, said common coolant return passage returning coolant to the coolant return line. In any or all of the previous examples, additionally or alternatively, the central axis of the first cooling unit coincides with the central axis of the first cylinder, and the central axis of the second cooling unit coincides with the central axis of the second cylinder, while the first and second cylinders are located adjacent to each other along engine block.

In another example, a method for cooling an engine includes passing a coolant obtained from a supply line connected to a crankcase through a first cooling assembly enclosing a block of a first cylinder and a corresponding cylinder head, parallel passage of a coolant obtained from said supply line connected to the crankcase through the second cooling unit, covering the block of the second cylinder and the corresponding cylinder head, and the block of the first cylinder and the block of the second cylinder are located adjacent to each other, and each of the blocks, the block of the first cylinder and the block of the second cylinder, is attached to the crankcase, and the change in the first flow rate of the cooling medium passing through the first cooling unit relative to the second cooling unit, based on the operating conditions of the individual cylinders. In any of the previous examples, additionally or alternatively, the passage of the coolant through the first cooling unit includes the passage of the coolant obtained from the supply line, parallel to each of the liner jacket and the lower jacket of the cylinder head from the first cooling unit, the passage of the coolant obtained from the lower jacket cylinder heads parallel to each of the upper cylinder head jacket and the cylinder head exhaust port jacket of the first cooling unit; passing the coolant from the cylinder head exhaust port jacket to the cylinder head upper jacket, and returning the coolant obtained from the cylinder head upper jacket to a return line located below the supply line in the crankcase. Further, in any or all of the previous examples, the method includes, additionally or alternatively: changing the second flow rate of the coolant passing into the liner jacket relative to the cylinder head bottom jacket from the first cooling assembly, based on the temperature of the cylinder head from the first cylinder block, and changing the third flow rate of the coolant passing into the upper jacket of the cylinder head relative to the jacket of the exhaust passage of the cylinder head from the first cooling unit, based on the temperature of the exhaust gases. In any or all of the previous examples, additionally or alternatively, changing the first flow rate comprises increasing the first flow rate of the coolant passing through the first cooling unit relative to the second cooling unit by means of a proportional valve when the temperature of the cylinder head from the first cylinder block exceeds the temperature of the cylinder head. from the block of the second cylinder.

In an embodiment, the engine system comprises a crankcase, a supply line connected to said crankcase, a first cooling assembly enclosing a first cylinder block and an associated cylinder head, a second cooling assembly enclosing a second cylinder block and an associated cylinder head, and a controller. Blocks of the first cylinder and block of the second cylinder are located adjacent to each other and attached to the crankcase. The first cooling unit is configured to receive the first flow of the cooling medium from the supply line. The second cooling unit is configured to receive the second coolant flow from the supply line in parallel with the first coolant flow. The controller is configured to change the flow rate of the first coolant flow relative to the second coolant flow based on operating modes from

- 12 042947 separate cylinders.

The foregoing description uses examples to characterize the present invention and to enable a person skilled in the art to practice embodiments of the present invention, including making and using devices or systems, as well as performing related methods. The scope of legal protection of this invention is defined by the claims, while it may include other examples that will meet a person skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to fall within the scope of the claims if they contain structural elements that do not differ from the literal content of the claims, or if they contain equivalent structural elements with minor differences from the literal content of the claims.

Claims (5)

1. The cooling system, at least for the first cylinder (124) of the engine, containing the jacket (116) of the first cylinder liner, surrounding the specified first cylinder (124) and configured to circulate the coolant around the liner of the first cylinder (124), and the central axis of the jacket (116) of the first cylinder liner coincides with the central axis of the first cylinder (124), the coolant supply line (160) located inside the crankcase (140) below the first cylinder (124), the coolant return line (162) located inside crankcase (140) below said coolant supply line (160), lower cooling jacket (44) of the head of the first cylinder surrounding the lower surface of the head (118) of the first cylinder (124) installed above the first cylinder, and the lower cooling jacket (44) of the head of the first cylinder is located above the shirt (116) of the first cylinder liner and coaxially with it, while the first line (239) of the coolant supply of the lower cooling jacket (44) of the head of the first cylinder passes from the shirt (116) of the first cylinder liner, and the second line (234) ) coolant supply of the lower cooling jacket passes from the coolant supply line (160), the upper cooling jacket (46) of the first cylinder head surrounding the upper surface of the head (118) of the first cylinder, and the upper cooling jacket (46) of the first cylinder head is located above the lower cooling jacket (44) of the head of the first cylinder, while the upper cooling jacket (46) of the first cylinder head contains a central part, the axis of which coincides with the axis of the jacket (116) of the first cylinder liner, while the first line (241) for supplying the coolant of the upper cooling jacket (46) of the first cylinder head extends from the lower cooling jacket (44) of the first cylinder head, and the second coolant supply line (242) of the upper cooling jacket (46) of the first cylinder head extends from the cooling jacket (48) of the exhaust port of the first cylinder head, and moreover, the cooling jacket (48) of the exhaust channel of the first cylinder head is connected to the exhaust channel (26) of the first cylinder (124) between the upper cooling jacket (46) of the first cylinder head and the lower cooling jacket (44) of the first cylinder head and is offset to one side from the central axles of the first cylinder (124), the lower cooling jacket (44) of the first cylinder head is connected through flow to the coolant supply line (160), the upper cooling jacket (46) of the first cylinder head, the jacket (116) of the first cylinder liner and the cooling jacket (48) the exhaust passage of the first cylinder head, while from the lower cooling jacket (44) of the head of the first cylinder passes the supply line (240) of the cooling jacket (48) of the exhaust passage of the first cylinder head. 2. The system according to claim 1, in which the jacket (116) of the sleeve of the first cylinder has an outer cylindrical surface, an inner cylindrical surface and a gap formed between said inner and outer cylindrical surfaces for circulation of the cooling medium, each of the cylindrical surfaces, the inner and outer, surrounds the first cylinder (124), wherein the lower cooling jacket (44) of the first cylinder head is configured to receive a coolant flow in parallel from each of the coolant supply line (160) and the jacket (116) of the first cylinder liner and conduct the coolant in parallel from the lower jacket (44) of the first cylinder head to each of the upper cooling jacket (46) of the first cylinder head and the cooling jacket (48) of the exhaust duct of the first cylinder head, the lower cooling jacket (44) of the first cylinder head is configured to receive a coolant flow from shirts (116) of the sleeve of the first cylinder in the specified first line (239) of the supply and with the possibility of receiving the flow of the coolant from the line (160) of the supply of the coolant in the second line (238) of the supply, located diametrically opposite to the specified first line (239) of the supply, - 13 042947 wherein the supply line (240) of the cooling jacket (48) of the exhaust channel of the first cylinder head for receiving the cooling medium from the lower cooling jacket (44) of the first cylinder head is located on the lower surface of the cooling jacket (48) of the exhaust channel of the first cylinder head, and the specified lower surface of the cooling jacket (48) of the exhaust channel of the first cylinder head is in the same plane with the lower cooling jacket (44) of the first cylinder head, and the second supply line (242) of the upper cooling jacket (46) of the first cylinder head passes from the upper surface of the cooling jacket (48) of the exhaust passage of the first cylinder head and is in the same plane with the upper surface of the upper cooling jacket (46) of the first cylinder head. 3. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the upper cooling jacket (46) of the first cylinder head comprises a first projecting portion (447) extending downward and outward from the upper surface of the central portion towards the upper surface of the lower cooling jacket (44) of the cylinder head at to said one side from the central axis of the first cylinder (124), wherein said first projection (447) extends into the return passage (424) parallel to the central axis of the first cylinder (124) to connect the upper cooling jacket (46) of the first cylinder head to coolant return line (162), wherein the top jacket (46) of the first cylinder head comprises a second protruding part (448) extending outward from the top surface of the central part in the direction of the top surface of the cooling jacket (48) of the exhaust channel of the first cylinder on the other side of the central axis of the first cylinder (124), opposite to the specified one side, while the specified second protruding part (448) is adjacent to the second supply line (242) of the cooling jacket (48) of the exhaust channel of the first cylinder head and receives a cooling medium from it, the first protruding part ( 447) extends in the direction opposite to the second protrusion (448), while each of the first and second protrusions (447, 448) runs along the axis of the protrusion perpendicular to the central axis of the first cylinder (124), the cooling system contains a rod-like bore, connecting the second protruding part (448) of the upper jacket (46) of the first cylinder head with the cooling jacket (48) of the exhaust channel of the first cylinder head on the specified one side from the central axis of the first cylinder (124), while the specified bore hole is essentially coaxial with the central axis of the first cylinder (124) and adjoins the cooling jacket (48) of the exhaust channel of the first cylinder head. 4. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, which is selectively connected only to the specified first cylinder (124) and in which the first cooling unit contains the shirt (116) of the first cylinder liner, the first cylinder (124), the upper cooling jacket (46) of the first cylinder head , the lower cooling jacket (44) of the first cylinder head and the cooling jacket (48) of the exhaust channel of the first cylinder head, while the cooling system includes a second cooling unit containing a second cylinder liner jacket surrounding the second cylinder, an upper cooling jacket of the second cylinder head and a lower cooling a second cylinder head jacket that surrounds the second cylinder head, and a second cylinder head exhaust duct cooling jacket connected to the second cylinder second exhaust duct, each of the first and second cooling units being connected to a coolant supply line and a coolant return line. 5. The system according to claim 4, which includes a first cooling unit and a second cooling unit and in which the first cylinder (124) is located in the block (312) of the first cylinder, and the second cylinder is located in the block (314) of the second cylinder, and the block (312 ) of the first cylinder is located adjacent to the block (314) of the second cylinder, and each block of the block (312) of the first cylinder and block (314) of the second cylinder is attached to the crankcase (140), and the central axis of the first cooling unit coincides with the central axis of the first cylinder ( 124), and the central axis of the second cooling unit coincides with the central axis of the second cylinder, while the first cylinder (124) and the second cylinder are located adjacent to each other along the block (302) of the engine, and the specified cooling system is configured to change the first flow rate of the cooling medium passing into the jacket (116) of the first cylinder liner, relative to the lower cooling jacket (44) of the head of the first cylinder, based on the temperature of the cylinder head from the block (312) of the first cylinder, and the change in the second flow rate of the cooling medium passing into the upper cooling jacket (46) of the head of the first cylinder, relative to the cooling jacket (48) of the exhaust channel of the head of the first cylinder, based on the exhaust temperature, while the specified cooling system includes a pump (212) connected to the coolant supply line (160) and designed to pump coolant from the specified line (160) supplying a cooling medium to each of the first and second cooling units, and - 14 042947 the third proportional valve connected downstream relative to the specified pump (212) and designed to change the third flow rate of the cooling medium sent to the first cooling unit relative to the second cooling unit based on the operating conditions of the individual cylinders, and changing the third flow rate includes increasing the third flow rate of the cooling medium passing through the first cooling unit, relative to the second cooling unit, when the temperature of the cylinder head from the block (312) of the first cylinder exceeds the temperature of the cylinder head from the block (314) of the second cylinder, and the specified cooling system contains a return passage (424), made with the possibility of receiving the cooling medium from the cooling jacket (48) of the exhaust channel of the first cylinder head and from the cooling jacket of the exhaust channel of the head of the second cylinder, while the specified return passage (424) is configured to return the cooling medium to the coolant return line (162), wherein each of the first and second cooling units contains the first supply passage (322, 324), made with the possibility of conducting the cooling medium from the coolant supply line (160) to the corresponding cylinder liner jacket, and the second supply passage (333, 334), made with the possibility of conducting a cooling medium from the coolant supply line (160) to the corresponding lower cooling jacket, while the specified first supply passage (322, 324) is located perpendicular to the second supply passage (333, 334), and each of the first and second cooling units contains a third supply passage configured to conduct coolant from a respective lower cooling jacket to a respective exhaust duct cooling jacket, and a fourth supply passage configured to conduct coolant from a respective lower cooling jacket to a respective upper cooling jacket, said third supply passage is located parallel to the specified fourth supply passage.