EA039068B1 - Container for transportation and storage of bulk cargoes and method for unloading bulk cargoes from container - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to containers for the transportation and storage of bulk cargoes, which comply with international standards ISO 1496 and its Russian national equivalents, and also to methods for unloading same. A container for the transportation and storage of bulk cargoes includes a frame with fittings, side walls, end walls and a bottom in the lower part of the container, via which unloading is performed. The bottom is configured in the form of two shutters pivotally fastened in the lower part of the container. The container is provided with locking members for locking the at least one shutter in a closed position. The at least one shutter comprises support platforms capable of interacting with the locking members in order to lock the at least one shutter in a closed position. A method for unloading bulk cargoes from the said container comprises raising the shutters, bringing the locking members out of engagement with the support platforms and opening the at least one shutter, thus unloading the container. The technical result is that of providing reliable locking in a transport position, and also of simplifying and expediting the unloading of a container, while maintaining a high ratio between the space occupied by a container and the volume of the load therein.

Description

The present invention relates to methods and devices for the transport and storage of goods, in particular to containers for the transport and storage of bulk goods, complying with the ISO 1496 series and similar to them GOST, as well as methods for their unloading.

Many different containers are known for the transport and storage of bulk goods. Typically, the container contains a frame with fittings, side walls, end walls, and a bottom at the bottom of the container. Additionally, the container may contain a top cover, with or without hatches, removable or non-removable. The unloading of such a container is carried out through the upper opening or through one of the side walls, made of opening. For unloading, the container is tilted or turned over by means of special mechanisms, such as spreaders. In the case of top unloading, loading and unloading mechanisms can also be used.

Unloading a container by tilting or overturning it or by means of a loading-unloading mechanism requires the use of complex specialized equipment, and in addition, it can be quite time-consuming.

Known hopper cars are used, among other things, for the transportation of bulk cargo. Unloading of such cars goes through several hatches installed in the bottom of the car. The unloading of the hopper car should be carried out on a specialized section of the railway track, and the unloading itself takes a rather long time, which is due to the design of the hatches. In addition, even temporary storage of bulk cargo in a hopper car is impractical from the point of view of the ratio of the space occupied by the car and the volume of cargo.

Thus, there is a problem of developing such a container design, in particular, for the transportation and storage of bulk cargo, which would make it possible to effectively use the volume of the container during transportation and storage, as well as to easily and quickly unload.

The technical result of the present invention is a reliable locking, simplification and increase in the speed of unloading the container while maintaining a high ratio of the space occupied by the container and the volume of cargo in it.

The problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved in a container including a frame with fittings, side walls, end walls, and a bottom in the lower part of the container through which unloading is performed. In this case, at least one longitudinal beam is installed in the lower part of the container, which runs parallel to the side walls and essentially along the entire length of the container. The bottom is made in the form of at least one flap, hinged in the lower part of the container, essentially along its long side. The container is provided with locks for at least one flap in the closed position. At least one flap contains support platforms made with the possibility of interaction with the latches for fixing at least one flap in the closed position.

The implementation of the bottom in the form of at least one flap, which is securely fixed in the closed position and easily opened by means of latches and support platforms, allows the container to be unloaded through a wide opening, which essentially corresponds to the area of at least one flap, without the use of complex specialized equipment that rotates or flips the container. This significantly reduces the time for unloading the container while maintaining its useful volume.

The container may further comprise a top cover, with or without loading hatches. The cover can be made as removable or non-removable.

The specified at least one flap can be pivotally attached to the frame or to at least one longitudinal beam. In particular, if there are two flaps, then they can be hinged each on its side of the frame, opening in the direction from the longitudinal beam downward. Alternatively, these two flaps can be fixed to the longitudinal beam, each opening downward from the frame on its own side.

It is preferable if the latches are made in the form of a rod resting on a frame or longitudinal beam, and stops installed on it with their first (or lower) ends, and the rod is made with the possibility of rotation about its axis, which runs parallel to at least one flap (or longitudinal beam , or side wall). In this case, the support pads can be made in the form of L-shaped plates. It is then expedient if, in the closed position of the flaps, the second (or upper or free) ends of the stops are located substantially in the corners of the L-shaped plates. All this allows you to reliably fix and hold the sash closed.

These L-shaped plates can be installed in such a way that in the closed position of at least one flap, the second ends of the stops are blocked from movement. In this case, when at least one flap is raised in the closed position, the second ends of the stops can be removed from the corners of the L-shaped plates, allowing at least one flap to open. This provides an easy and quick release of the stops and subsequent opening of the leaves.

It is preferable if at least one flap is provided with hooks for controlling its movement. The hooks can be operated manually or using appropriate means to accelerate the opening of the leaves and their subsequent return to the closed position.

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The problem is solved, and the claimed technical result is also achieved in the proposed method for unloading a container containing a frame with fittings, side walls, end walls, a bottom in the lower part of the container, made in the form of at least one flap, hinged in the lower part of the container and equipped with support pads, and latches of at least one flap for fixing it in the closed position when interacting with the support pads. In the claimed method for opening the flaps and unloading the container, the flaps are raised, unlocking the latches of at least one flap for movement, the latches are disengaged with the support platforms, and at least one flap is opened, thereby unloading the container.

Further, the invention is explained in detail with reference to the figures, which show possible versions of the claimed container and the method of unloading it.

FIG. 1 shows a container in partial section.

FIG. 2 shows the sash.

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the latch.

FIG. 4a-4c, a partial end view of the container shows the stages of unlocking the movement stops.

FIG. 5a, 5b, a partial end view of the container shows the process of opening the flap for unloading the container.

The container (Fig. 1) for transportation and storage of bulk cargo includes a frame (1) with fittings (2), side walls (3), end walls (4) and a bottom in the lower part of the container through which unloading is performed.

The container can also be provided with a top cover (not shown in the figures), with or without loading hatches. The cover can be made as removable or non-removable.

In the lower part of the container, at least one longitudinal beam (5) is installed, which runs parallel to the side walls (3) and substantially along the entire length of the container. Thus, in FIG. 1 shows a variant of a container with one beam (5), but there can be more of them, for example, two beams (5).

The longitudinal beam (5) can be made in the form of an iso-truss to provide the required rigidity of the container.

The bottom is made in the form of at least one flap (6), hinged at the bottom of the container. FIG. 1 shows a variant of a container with two flaps (6), each of which is located between the beam (5) and the corresponding side wall (3) and the corresponding side of the frame (1).

For a specialist it will be clear that, for example, in the presence of two beams (5), one sash (6) can be used, placed between the two beams (5). In this case, the beams (5) can adjoin the corresponding sides of the frame (1), but they may not adjoin the corresponding sides of the frame (1), and in the second case, two sashes can be additionally placed between the beams (5) and the corresponding sides of the frame (1) (6), so that the total number of flaps (6) is three.

The flaps (6) are hinged, for example, by means of hinges (7), either on the beam (5) or on the corresponding side of the frame (1). In the first case, which is shown in FIG. 1, the flaps (6) rotate around the axes passing near the beam (5) and open the opening from the side of the frame (1). In the case of hinged fastening of the shutters (6) on the respective sides of the frame (1) (this embodiment of the container is not shown in the figures), the opening opens closer to the beam (5).

The sash (6) contains support platforms (8) for fixing the sash (6) in the closed state. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the support platform (8) can be an L-shaped plate (as shown in Figs. 4, 5) or a similar structure having at least one angle, the purpose of which will be understood below.

In addition, the flap (6) can be equipped with hooks (9) (see Fig. 2) to control its opening and closing.

To fix the flaps (6) in the closed position, the container is equipped with clamps (10).

In a particular embodiment of the invention, the latches (10) are made in the form of a rod (11) and stops (12) installed on it with their first (or lower) ends, as shown in Fig. 3. The rod (11) can rotate in the brackets (13) fixed to the frame (1) around its axis, which runs parallel to the sash (6). When the rod (11) rotates, the second (or upper, or free) ends of the stops (12) describe an arc of a circle.

It is possible to choose the placement of the above L-shaped plates in such a way that the second ends of the stops (12) enter the corners of the L-shaped plates, as shown, for example, in FIG. 4a. In this case, it is preferable that in the case shown in FIG. 4a in the position of placing the second end of the stop (12) in the corner of the support platform (8) made in the form of an L-shaped plate, the stop (12) was blocked from movement. This position corresponds to the closed state of the sash (6) and blocking the sash (6) from opening. If you try to rotate the rod (11) clockwise (in accordance with Fig.4a) in order to disengage the second end of the stop (12) from engagement with the L-shaped plate, the imaginary arc is circular

- 2 039068 sti, which the second end of the stop (12) describes during this rotation, will intersect the inner surface of the L-shaped plate, which is in contact with this second end, and, accordingly, prevent the second end of the stop (12) from moving. This is how the movement of the stop (12) and, accordingly, the latch (10) is blocked when the sash (6) is closed. The weight of the sash (6) ensures the retention of the stop (12), and the heavier the load placed in the container, the more securely the sash (6) is locked.

In order to release the second end of the stop (12), allowing it to rotate, and thus open the sash (6), it is necessary to raise the sash (6) slightly upward, as shown in Fig. 4b. When the flap (6) is raised upwards, a gap is provided between the inner surface of the L-shaped plate, which is in contact with the second end of the stop (12), and the indicated second end itself. The gap can be small, for example, from 2 to 4 mm, but it must be sufficient for free passage of all stops (12) of this lock (10) when unblocking its movement and subsequent opening of the sash (6). Larger values of the gap will require a higher lifting of the sash (6), which, generally speaking, is impractical.

Then you can start the rotation of the rod (11) (in Fig. 4, 5 clockwise), thereby rotating the second end of the stop (12) and gradually disengaging it from the support platform (8), as shown in Fig. 4c.

Further rotation of the rod (11) leads to the fact that the second end of the stop (12) completely leaves the area of engagement with the support platform (Fig.5a), and the flap (6) opens downward under the action of its own weight and the weight of the load (Fig.5b) ...

The number of stops (12) of each lock (10) can be any, but it is preferable that there were from two to eight, most preferably from four to six. On the one hand, a small number of stops (12) can lead to increased stress on the area of the sash (6) between adjacent stops (12). On the other hand, with a large number of stops (12), the design of the lock (10) becomes more complicated.

From the above, the specialist will understand that the number of flaps (6) can vary, for example, from one to three, and the hinged connection of the flaps (6) can be carried out both to the beam (5) and the frame (1).

Thus, the present invention makes it possible to easily and quickly unload the container, with practically no negative impact on its capacity, reliably fix the flaps, excluding their spontaneous opening during the operation of the container, including its transportation.

CLAIM

Claims (6)

CLAIM 1. Container for transportation and storage of bulk cargo, including: a frame with fittings, side walls, end walls and a bottom in the lower part of the container through which unloading is carried out, and the bottom is made in the form of two flaps hinged at the bottom of the container, the container is equipped with flap locks in the closed position, and each flap contains support platforms , made with the possibility of interaction with the latches for fixing the sash in the closed position, each latch is made in the form of a rod and a stop installed on it with its first end, and the rod is made with the possibility of rotation around its axis, which runs parallel to the corresponding leaf, each support platform is made in the form of an L-shaped plate, and in the closed position of the sash, the second end of the stop is located essentially in the corner of the corresponding L-shaped plate in such a way that in the closed position of the corresponding closed, sec The other end of the stop is unlocked for movement. 2. The container of claim 1, wherein the flaps are hinged to the frame. 3. A container according to claim 1, at the bottom of which there is at least one longitudinal beam running parallel to the side walls and substantially along the entire length of the container. 4. A container according to claim 3, wherein the flaps are pivotally attached to at least one longitudinal beam. 5. The container of claim 1, wherein each flap is provided with hooks to control its movement. 6. A method for unloading bulk cargo from a container according to any one of claims 1-5, in which for opening the doors and unloading the container: raise the sash, unblocking the locks for movement, remove the locks from engagement with the support pads, and open the sashes, thereby unloading the container.