EA038925B1 - Battery - Google Patents

Abstract

The claimed invention relates to devices for servicing and maintaining secondary elements and can be used for electrical power supply to various electrical power plants. The technical result obtained in this claimed invention is improving the performance characteristics of the battery. In particular, the technical result of the claimed battery is the fact that, in case of failure of one or several modules, the battery continues to operate in normal mode. The technical result obtained in the claimed battery is also the increase in the number of discharging/charging cycles of the battery by 50% and, consequently, the extension of the battery life cycle up to the moment when its electrical capacity reduces to the minimum allowable value. Moreover, an unexpected technical result obtained in the claimed battery is additional increase in discharging/charging cycles of the battery by 8-10% if compared to the battery comprising only one module, containing all ESEs. The technical result is achieved by the fact that the battery contains multiple modules, each of them comprising a unit of energy storage elements (ESE), a measuring unit interacting with the ESE unit, a module control diagram (MCD) connected to the measuring unit, a battery control diagram (BCD) connected to the MCD, the first and the second power keys; at this time, the ESEs are interconnected as per serial-parallel circuit; moreover, the first power key connects the module positive power output with the ESE unit positive output, and the second power key connects the positive and the negative power outputs of the module; at this time, the negative output of the ESE unit is connected to the module negative power output; moreover, all modules are serially connected using their power outputs, and MCDs of all modules are unified using a serial digital interface. The technical result is achieved also due the fact that the number of modules Nmod is directly proportional to the mean thermodynamic temperature of one module with additive correction to the ratio of electrical capacity of one ESE as a part of the battery and the battery itself; Nmod=(0.03-0.1)T+Eese/Ebat, T is a mean thermodynamic temperature of one module in Kelvin degrees; Ebat and Eese are electrical capacities of the battery and of one ESE as part of the battery, respectively. The technical result is achieved also due the fact that rated voltage of one module is proportional to the maximum allowable temperature of one ESE as a part of the battery, to the battery voltage, and inversely proportional to the number of modules; Vmod=(0.022-0.044)TmaxVbat/Nmod, where Tmax is the maximum allowable temperature of one ESE as a part of the battery; Vbat is a rated voltage of the battery; Nmod is a number of modules as a part of the battery.

Description

Field of the invention

The claimed invention relates to devices for maintenance and maintenance of secondary elements and can be used to supply electrical energy to various electrical power plants.

Description of the prior art

It is known that a battery for energy storage, selected as the closest analogue, contains many modules, each of which contains a block of energy storage elements (ECE), a meter unit interacting with the ECE unit, the first and second power switches, while the ECE are connected in series -a parallel circuit, in addition, the first power switch connects the positive power output of the module and the positive output of the ECE unit, and the second power switch connects the positive and negative power outputs of the module, while the negative output of the ECE unit is connected to the negative power output of the module, in addition, all the modules are connected in series with each other through their power terminals, the meter units of all modules are connected to a common battery management circuit (BMS), which is also connected to the first and second power keys of all modules to control them (keys) based on the signals of the meter units (publication FR2976737B1, class MPK NO1M 10/42, publ. 19.07.2012).

The main disadvantage of the known battery is that when the SCC fails, the battery stops working, and the SCC has to be changed. This is especially dangerous if the battery supplies electrical energy to the propulsion systems of air or water vehicles. Also, the disadvantage of the known battery is that ECHE in it is divided into modules depending on the geometric dimensions of the module placement, which often leads to a decrease in the number of recharge and discharge cycles of ECHE to 50%, the battery life cycle is significantly reduced, after which ECHE are subject to replacement.

Brief description of the invention

The technical result, which is obtained in the claimed invention, is to improve the performance of the battery. More specifically, the technical result of the claimed battery is that in the event of failure of one or more modules, the battery continues to function normally. Also, the technical result obtained in the claimed battery is an increase in the number of discharging and charging cycles of the battery by 50% and, consequently, an increase in the life cycle of the battery, until the moment when its electrical capacity decreases to the minimum permissible value. In addition, an unexpected technical result, which was obtained in the claimed battery, is an additional increase in the charge and discharge cycles of the battery by 8-0% compared to a battery consisting of only one module containing all ECE.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a battery containing a plurality of modules, each of which contains a block of energy storage elements (ECE), a meter unit interacting with an ECE unit, a module control circuit (MSA) connected to a meter unit, a battery control circuit (SMS ), connected to the SUM, the first and second power switches, while the EChE are connected to each other in a series-parallel scheme, in addition, the first power switch connects the positive power output of the module and the positive output of the ECE unit, and the second power switch connects the positive and negative power module outputs, while the negative output of the ECE unit is connected to the negative power output of the module, in addition, all modules are connected in series with each other through their power outputs, and the SUM of all modules are united by a common serial digital interface.

And also by the fact that the number of modules N modes is directly proportional to the average thermodynamic temperature of one module with an additive correction for the ratio of the electric capacity of one ECE in the battery and the battery itself, Nmod = (0.03-0.1) χT + Eehe / Ebat, T - the average thermodynamic temperature of one module in degrees Kelvin, Ebat and Eehe - electric capacities of the battery and one ECHE in the battery, respectively.

And also by the fact that the rated voltage of one module is proportional to the maximum allowable temperature of one ECE in the battery, battery voltage and inversely proportional to the number of modules, Vmod = (0.022-0.044) χТmaxχVbat / Nmod, where Tmax is the maximum allowable temperature of one ECE in the battery, Vbat is the nominal voltage of the battery, Nmod is the number of modules in the battery.

Description of drawings

The claimed invention is illustrated by means of the diagrams shown in FIG. 1-12.

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a battery.

FIG. 2 shows a variant of the connection of energy storage elements as part of a battery.

FIG. 3 shows another variant of the connection of the energy storage elements in the composition of the battery.

FIG. 4 shows two battery configurations.

FIG. 5 shows energy storage elements with different charge levels.

FIG. 6 shows the cyclic change over time of the dynamic configuration of the battery.

FIG. 7 shows the cyclic change over time of the dynamic configuration of the battery during the charging process.

FIG. 8 shows the cyclic change during discharge of the dynamic configuration of the battery.

FIG. 9 shows the cyclic change during discharge of the dynamic configuration of the battery.

FIG. 10 shows the cycling during charging of the dynamic configuration of a fully discharged battery.

FIG. 11. shows a battery with control power switches.

FIG. 12 shows a more detailed structure of the battery.

In this case, in FIG. 1-12 the following designations are adopted:

module 1;

energy storage element (ECE) 2;

current sensor 3;

voltage sensor 4;

temperature sensor 5;

module control circuit (SUM) 6;

battery management circuit (SCC) 7;

the first power switch 8;

the second power switch 9;

positive power terminal 10 of the module;

negative power output 11 of the module;

module case 12;

serial digital interface 13;

conductors 14 through which electric current flows;

conductors 15 through which no electric current flows;

series-parallel assembly 16 from ECHE 2;

communication lines 17;

fully discharged ECHE 18;

fully charged ECHE 19;

partially charged ECHE 20;

completely discharged ECHE 21, which has previously passed a certain number of charging and discharging cycles;

partially charged ECHE 22, which has previously gone through a number of charging and discharging cycles;

faulty or deeply worn out ECHE 23;

ECHE 24, having a reduced initial charge level;

positive terminal 25 of the battery;

internal balancing circuit 26;

negative terminal 27 of the battery.

Implementation of the invention

The claimed battery contains a plurality of modules 1, each of which contains an ECE unit 2, a meter unit interacting with an ECE unit 2, a SUM 6 connected to a meter unit, a SCC 7 connected to an SUM 6, a first power switch 8 and a second power switch 9. All connections are made by means of conductive elements, such as conductors 14,15 and communication lines 17.

Each ECHE 2 can be made as elements 70Ah LFP prismatic cell manufactured by Yinlong, or LTO66160F 35Ah from the same manufacturer, or LTO66160F 45Ah from the same manufacturer. Moreover, the ECE unit 2 inside the module 1 includes a plurality of ECE 2 interconnected.

FIG. 2 shows a well-known and widely used scheme of sequential connection of ECHE 2 as part of a battery.

FIG. 3. shows a diagram of sequential switching of ECHE 2 as part of a battery, supplemented by controlled power switches 8 and 9, with which it is possible to change the configuration of the battery.

FIG. 4 shows two different configurations of one battery. The configurations differ in the positions of the control power switches 8 and 9. The thick lines show the conductors 14 and ECHE 2, through which the battery current flows. Conductors 15 without current are shown with thin lines.

To achieve the claimed technical result, the most preferable unit is ECHE 2, connected to each other in a series-parallel scheme. A connection diagram that includes both a parallel connection of all ECHE 2 and a serial connection allows each ECHE 2 to be used in the process of delivering electricity to the consumer.

FIG. 11 shows a battery with control power switches 8 and 9, where, instead of separate ECE 2, series-parallel assemblies 16 of ECE 2 are used. In comparison with those previously discussed and shown in FIG. 2-4, such a battery can have a higher voltage, since it uses more series ECE 2, a higher operating current due to the parallel connection of ECE 2 and a larger capacity available to the consumer. The way to manage such a battery is the same as

- 2,038,925 previously discussed methods of managing a battery composed of individual cells.

SUM 6 and SMS 7 can be made in the form of a processor or microcontroller

MSP430FR2111IRLLR from Texas Instruments or MSP430FR2355TRHAR from the same manufacturer.

The first power switch 8 and the second power switch 9 are n-channel type MOSFETs, such as ON semiconductor's NVMTS0D4N04C or DOS's DCTN550N055T2, which are driven by a signal from the SUM using an NCP81151B-type high and low switch driver from ON semiconductor.

The first power switch 8 connects the positive power output 10 of the module and the positive output of the ECE unit 2, and the second power switch 9 connects the positive power output 10 and the negative power output 11 of the module. In this case, the negative terminal of the ECE unit 2 is connected to the negative power terminal 11 of the module. Power outputs 10 and 11 of the module are made in the form of terminals. The positive and negative terminals of the ECHE 2 unit are understood to be the electrical conductors to which, respectively, all the positive and negative terminals of each ECHE 2, which is part of the module 1, are connected.

Block EKhE 2, block of meters, SUM 6, SUB 7, the first power switch 8 and the second power switch 9 are located in one common housing 12, preferably made of carbon fiber, and the power terminals 10 and 11 of the module are located on its surface.

To combine all modules 1 into a single battery, all modules 1 are connected in series with each other through their power pins 10 and 11.

SUM 6 of all modules are united by a common serial digital interface 13.

The meter block of each module 1 can include many different meters characterizing the state, charge level and degree of efficiency of ECE 2. As an example, not limiting the set of meters, you can use the current sensor 3, voltage sensor 4 and temperature sensor 5 connected to the SUM 6. In the metering unit, as a rule, one current sensor 3 is sufficient, which measures the current strength of all ECE 2 of ECE 2 and installed in the circuit between power switches 8 and 9. Voltage sensors 4 can be installed at the outputs of ECE 2 groups. Temperature sensors 5 can be installed on the surface of each ECHE 2 or only on some selected ECHE 2. The meter unit can also include open circuit indicators, insulation resistance meters and other meters.

When creating and testing a battery created in accordance with this invention, it was unexpectedly found that the number of recharge and discharge cycles of ECE 2, when their capacity decreases to the minimum allowable level, depends on the average thermodynamic temperature T of one module 1 in the battery. At the same time, it was determined that the value of the average thermodynamic temperature T of one module 1 during battery operation, at which the number of charging and discharging cycles of ECE 2 will have the greatest value, depends on the number of ECE 2 in one module 1 and, therefore, on the number of modules 1 as part of the battery.

Based on the foregoing, it was determined that the number of 1N mod modules in the battery is directly proportional to the average thermodynamic temperature of one module 1 with an additive correction for the ratio of the electric capacity of one ECE 2 in the battery and the battery itself, Nmod = (0.03-0.1) χT + Eehe / Ebat, T is the average thermodynamic temperature of one module 1 in degrees Kelvin, Ebat and Eehe are the electric capacities of the battery and the cell in the battery, respectively. In this case, the proportionality coefficient k1 = 0.03-0, l was determined experimentally. An additive correction for the ratio of the electric capacity of one ECHE 2 in the composition of the battery and the battery itself was introduced in order to take into account the change in parameters when creating a battery with a fixed capacity from a different number of cells of different capacities.

In this description, the average thermodynamic temperature of one module 1 is understood as the average temperature of the heat exchange process between all ECE 2 as part of one module 1 and the environment surrounding the specified ECE 2, measured by means of temperature sensors 5 on all ECE 2 of one module 1 during the operation of this module 1. The process is considered stationary. Charging and discharging parameters are as specified by the manufacturer. In particular, for the LTO66160F 35 Ah cell, the charging and discharging current is 35 A. The minimum and maximum voltages are 1.5 and 2.8 V, respectively.

Moreover, if the aforementioned proportionality coefficient k1 is less than 0.03, then the operating voltage of each module 1 turns out to be so high that the switching process inside the battery, during its discharge, leads to an early interruption of the discharge process, and, consequently, to a decrease in the effective electric capacity of the battery available to the consumer.

Moreover, if the aforementioned proportionality coefficient k1 is more than 0.1, then the number of modules 1 in the battery becomes so large that the control elements, power switches 8 and 9, SUM 6, SCC 7 installed in each module consume and dissipate significant power batteries, and the effective battery capacity available to the user is reduced.

Also, based on the above, it was experimentally determined that the nominal

- 3 038925 the voltage of one module 1 is proportional to the maximum permissible temperature Tmax of one

ECHE 2 as part of a battery, nominal voltage Vbat of the battery and inversely proportional to the number of modules 1 Kmod, Vmod = (0.022-0.044) χTmax χVbat / Nmod. In this case, the proportionality coefficient k2 = 0.22-0.44 was determined experimentally.

Moreover, if the mentioned proportionality coefficient k2 is less than 0.22, then the nominal voltage on module 1 turns out to be so low that energy losses occur on power switches 8 and 9 as part of this module 1.

Moreover, if the aforementioned proportionality coefficient k2 is more than 0.44, then the nominal voltage in module 1 becomes so high that it causes a stepwise character of regulation and stabilization of the voltage in the battery during the discharge process.

FIG. 12 shows a more detailed structure of the battery, where instead of separate ECE 2 assemblies ECE 2 are used and each assembly is structurally located in a separate module 1. In addition to the assembly of ECE 2, each module 1 includes power switches 8 and 9 and key control circuits. Additionally, the module may include an internal balancing circuit 26, which provides balancing of ECHE 2 within module 1. While energy balancing between modules 1 is provided by SMS 7 by controlling power switches 8 and 9. The battery includes two or more identical modules 1 , one of which, after connection, becomes the main one and controls the behavior of the battery as a whole. Modules 1 are connected in series using power pins 10 and 11 and connected to battery terminals 25 and 27. In addition, serial digital interfaces 13 of modules 1 are connected, and the downstream interface is used only on module 1, which controls the entire battery, the remaining modules 1 are connected by upstream interfaces ...

The declared battery works as follows.

At the beginning of the battery operation, the SCC 7 of one of the modules 1 takes over the control of the entire battery, that is, it goes into the active mode, and the SCC 7 of the remaining modules 1 are in the passive mode. The SMS 7 can be activated in any known way, for example, all the SMS 7 batteries compare their ID addresses and the SMS 7 with the lowest ID address is switched to active mode.

After that, the SUM 6 of each module 1 is received from the meters (for example, the current sensor 3, the voltage sensors 4 and the temperature sensors 5) of the meter unit of the same module 1 signals, on the basis of which the indicated SUM 6 calculate SOH (an indicator of the degree of operability of the ECE unit 2) and SOC (charge level of the EKhE 2 unit). The received SOH and SOC values are transmitted by each SUM 6 via the serial digital interface 13 to the SUM 6 of the module 1 in which the SMS 7 is located, which is in the active mode, and the specified SUM 6 transmits SOH and SOC to the SMS 7, which is in the active mode.

Moreover, the values of SOH and SOC depend on the level of charge and wear and tear of each ECE 2. FIG. 5 shows ECHE 2 with different charge levels. Fully discharged ECHE 18, parameters SOH = 100%, SOC = 0% correspond to it. Fully charged ECHE 19, it corresponds to the parameters SOH = 100%, SOC = 100%. Partially charged ECHE 20, it corresponds to the parameters SOH = 1o0%, sOc about 50%. A completely discharged ECHE 21, which has previously passed a certain number of charging and discharging cycles, corresponds to SOH parameters less than 100%, SOC = 0%. Partially charged ECHE 22, which has previously passed a number of charging and discharging cycles, corresponds to SOH parameters less than 100%, SOC about 50%. Defective or deeply worn ECHE 23, the parameter SOH = 0% corresponds to it, the SOC parameter is not defined for it.

FIG. 6 shows an image of the cyclic change in time of the dynamic configuration of a battery of four identical partially charged ECE 20 in order to equalize the load on individual partially charged ECE 20 as part of the battery. The curly arrow shows the sequence of configuration changes.

FIG. 7 shows the cyclic change over time of the dynamic configuration of a battery of five cells 20 during charging. In order to equalize the charge levels, ECHE 24, having a reduced initial charge level, takes a charge longer than other ECHEs.

FIG. 8 shows a cyclic change in the process of discharging the dynamic configuration of a battery of five partially charged ECE 20. In order to equalize initially different charge levels, a fully charged ECE 19, having an increased initial charge level, gives off charge more time than other ECEs.

FIG. 9 shows a cyclic change in the process of discharging the dynamic configuration of a battery of six partially charged ECE 22, including one faulty or deeply worn ECE 23 and one new fully charged ECE 19.

Defective or deeply worn out ECHE 23 does not participate in the operation of the battery. A fully charged ECHE 19 gives off a charge more time than other elements. The gray rectangle in the figure shows ECEs that are in an inactive state.

FIG. 10 shows a cyclic change in the charging process of the dynamic configuration of a fully discharged battery of six incompletely discharged ECHE 21, which has previously passed a number of charging and discharging cycles, among which one is a faulty or deeply worn ECHE

- 4 038925

23, and one completely discharged ECHE 18. Defective or deeply worn out ECHE 23 does not participate in the operation of the battery. A fully discharged ECHE 18 takes a charge longer than other elements.

Based on the data on what electrical voltage the battery should provide at the output terminals, SMS 7, which is in active mode, calculates which of the modules 1 should be in active mode and which should go into passive mode. After that SMS 7, which is in active mode, sends commands to disconnect to SUM 6 of those modules 1, which should go into passive mode, through SUM 6 of the same module 1 via serial digital interface 13.

SUM 6 of those modules 1 that must go into passive mode form and transmit commands to the first power switches 8 to transfer them to the open state, and to the second power switches 9 to transfer them to the closed state. In the remaining modules 1, which must be in the active mode, the corresponding SUM 6 form and transmit commands to the first power switches 8 to transfer them to the closed state, and to the second power switches 9 to transfer them to the open state.

During operation of the battery SUM 6 of all modules 1, on the basis of the signals of the meters of the meter units, the calculation of SOH and SOC is carried out and they are transmitted to the SMS 7, which is in active mode, at a given frequency, for example, once every one minute. If in the process of battery operation, SMS 7, which is in active mode, determines that the SOH and SOC value of one of the modules 1 is below or above the maximum permissible, then SMS 7, which is in active mode, forms and through the SUM 6 of module 1, in where it (SMS 7) is located, transmits via the serial digital interface 13 to the SUM 6 of the corresponding module 1 a command to transfer it to the passive mode. The specified SUM 6, having received a command to disconnect from the SMS 7, which is in active mode, generates and transmits a command to the first power switch 8 to transfer it to the open state, and to the second power switch 9 to transfer it to the closed state, thereby transferring the corresponding module to passive mode.

In this case, so that the total specified electric voltage of the battery does not change, the SMS 7, which is in the active mode, switches one of the modules in the passive mode to the active mode. To do this, SMS 7, which is in the active mode, generates and through the SUM 6 of module 1, in which it (SMS 7) is located, transmits via the serial digital interface 13 to the SUM 6 of the corresponding module 1 a command to transfer it to the active mode. The specified SUM 6, having received the command to turn on from the SMS 7, which is in the active mode, generates and transmits a command to the first power switch 8 to transfer it to the closed state, and to the second power switch 9 to transfer it to the open state, thereby transferring the corresponding module to active mode.

In the event of failure of SMS 7, which is in active mode, SUM 6 of all modules 1 receive a signal about the failure of receiving data on SOH and SOC. After that, all SUM 6 send information to the next SMS 7 with the lowest ID address, activating it. As noted above, the activation of the SMS 7 can be carried out in any known way, for example, all the SMS 7 batteries, except for the failed one, compare their ID addresses and the SMS 7 with the lowest ID address is switched to active mode. At the same time, module 1, the SMS 7 of which has failed, can continue to function if its SUM 6 is in good condition. Thus, the declared battery continues to function if one or more modules 1 fails.

After the electrical voltage of the module 1 falls below the maximum permissible value, it is removed from the battery, and its ECHE 2 is recharged. To increase the number of discharge and charge cycles of all ECHE 2 in the battery and, consequently, the battery itself by 50% and, therefore, increase the battery life cycle, until its electrical capacity decreases to the minimum permissible value, as well as for an additional increase in cycles charging and discharging the battery by 8-10% in comparison with a battery consisting of only one module containing all ECHE, the number of modules 1 in the battery should be - Kmod = (0.03-0.1) xT + Eehe / Ebat. In this case, the nominal voltage of one module 1 should be proportional to the maximum permissible temperature of one ECE 2 in the battery, the battery voltage and inversely proportional to the number of modules 1 in the battery, Vmod = (0.022-0.044) χТmax χVbat / Nmod, where Tmax is the maximum allowable temperature of one ECHE 2 as part of a battery, Vbat is the nominal voltage of the battery, Nmod is the number of modules 1 as part of a battery.

To confirm the influence of these signs on the achievement of the claimed technical result, namely: an increase in the number of discharge and charge cycles of the battery by 50% and, therefore, an increase in the life cycle of the battery, until the moment when its electrical capacity decreases to the minimum permissible value, as well as an additional increase battery charging and discharging cycles by 8-10% compared to a battery consisting of only one module 1 containing all ECE 2, the batteries described in the examples below were created and tested.

Example 1.

A battery was created with an electric capacity of Ebat = 78 kWh, consisting of an ECE LF90 (manufactured by RoyPow) with a capacity of 90 Ah, which corresponds to 288 Wh, a nominal voltage of 3.2 V, with dimensions of 5,038,925 in mm 36x130x200, weighing 1950 g quantity of 272 pieces. For several ECEs, during one charge-discharge cycle, the average thermodynamic temperature T = 300 Kelvin was determined, for which a temperature sensor was installed on the surface of each ECE. Charging and discharging parameters are as specified by the manufacturer. In particular, for the LF90 cell, the charge and discharge current is 90 A. The minimum and maximum voltages are 1.5 V and 2.8 V, respectively.

In accordance with the relationship Kmod = (0.03-0.1) xT + Eehe / Ebat, and using a smaller value of the empirical coefficient, Kmod = 0.03x300 + 288 / 78,000 = 9, all ECHE were divided into 9 modules. In this case, the nominal voltage of one module corresponded to the dependence Vmod = (0.0220.044) χTmaxχVbat / Nmod, when using a lower value of the empirical coefficient, battery voltage 600 V and the maximum allowable temperature in degrees Celsius 55 ° C, Vmod = 0.022χ55χ600 / 9 = 80 B.

After that, the modules were assembled into a battery, all ECHEs were fully charged. Then the battery was completely discharged, and all ECHEs were charged again. The battery operated 3820 cycles until the capacity dropped by 50% of the initial value. The same ECHE in the amount of 272 pieces, as part of a battery not divided into modules, withstood 2510 cycles.

That is, a battery made in accordance with the present invention underwent 52.2% more charge and discharge cycles than a battery consisting of the same ECEs in the same amount, not divided into modules.

Example 2.

A battery with an electric capacity of Ebat = 78 kWh was created, consisting of an ECE LF90 (manufactured by RoyPow) with a capacity of 90 Ah, which corresponds to 288 Wh, a nominal voltage of 3.2 V, with dimensions in mm 36x130x200, weighing 1950 g in an amount of 272 pieces. For several ECEs, during one charge-discharge cycle, the average thermodynamic temperature T = 300 Kelvin was determined, for which a temperature sensor was installed on the surface of each ECE. Charging and discharging parameters are as specified by the manufacturer. In particular, for the LF90 cell, the charge and discharge current is 90 A. The minimum and maximum voltages are 1.5 V and 2.8 V, respectively.

In accordance with the relationship Kmod = (0.03-0.1) xT + Eehe / Ebat and using a larger value of the empirical coefficient, Kmod = 0.1x300 + 288 / 78,000 = 30, all ECHE were divided into 30 modules. In this case, the nominal voltage of one module corresponded to the dependence Vmod = (0.0220.044) χTmaxχVbat / Nmod, when using a larger value of the empirical coefficient, battery voltage 600 V and the maximum allowable temperature in degrees Celsius 55 ° C, Vmod = 0.044χ55χ600 / 30 = 48 B.

After that, the modules were assembled into a battery, all ECHEs were fully charged. Then the battery was completely discharged, and all ECHEs were charged again. The battery operated for 4030 cycles until the capacity was reduced by 50% of the initial value. The same ECHE in the amount of 272 pieces as part of a battery, not divided into modules, withstood 2510 cycles.

That is, a battery made in accordance with the present invention underwent 60.5% more charge and discharge cycles than a battery consisting of the same ECEs in the same amount, not divided into modules.

Example 3.

A battery with an electric capacity of Ebat = 70 kWh was created, consisting of an ECE IFR32700 (manufactured by FBTech Electronics) with a capacity of 6 Ah, which corresponds to 19 Wh, a nominal voltage of 3.2 V, with a diameter of 32 mm and a height of 70 mm, weighing 142 g in an amount 3686 pieces. For several ECEs, during one charge-discharge cycle, the average thermodynamic temperature T = 300 Kelvin was determined, for which a temperature sensor was installed on the surface of each ECE. Charging and discharging parameters are as specified by the manufacturer. In particular, for the IRF32700 cell, the charge and discharge current is 6 A. The minimum and maximum voltages are 2.0 V and 3.65 V, respectively.

In accordance with the relationship Кmod = (0.03-0.1) хТ + Еэхэ / Еbat and, using a smaller value of the empirical coefficient, Кmod = 0.03х300 + 19 / 70,000 = 9, all ECE were divided into 9 modules. In this case, the nominal voltage of one module corresponded to the dependence Vmod = (0.0220.044) χTmaxχVbat / Nmod, when using a lower value of the empirical coefficient, battery voltage 600 V and the maximum allowable temperature in degrees Celsius 55 ° C, Vmod = 0.022χ55χ600 / 9 = 80 B.

After that, the modules were assembled into a battery, all ECHEs were fully charged. Then the battery was completely discharged, and all ECHEs were charged again. The battery operated for 4123 cycles, until the capacity dropped by 50% of the initial value. The same ECHE in the amount of 3686 pieces, as part of a battery, not divided into modules, withstood 2660 cycles.

- 6 038925

That is, a battery made in accordance with the present invention underwent 55.1% more charge and discharge cycles than a battery consisting of the same ECE in the same amount not divided into modules.

Example 4.

A battery with an electric capacity of Ebat = 70 kWh was created, consisting of an ECE IFR32700 (manufactured by FBTech Electronics) with a capacity of 6 Ah, which corresponds to 19 Wh, a nominal voltage of 3.2 V, with a diameter of 32 mm and a height of 70 mm, weighing 142 g in an amount 3686 pieces. For several ECEs, during one charge-discharge cycle, the average thermodynamic temperature T = 300 Kelvin was determined, for which a temperature sensor was installed on the surface of each ECE. The charging and discharging parameters are according to the manufacturers indicated. In particular, for the IRF32700 cell, the charge and discharge current is 6 A. The minimum and maximum voltages are 2.0 V and 3.65 V, respectively.

In accordance with the dependence Nmod = (0.03-0.1) χT + Eehe / Ebat and using a larger value of the empirical coefficient, Nmo = 0.1x300 + 19 / 70,000 = 30, all Eche were divided into 30 modules. In this case, the nominal voltage of one module corresponded to the dependence Vmod = (0.0220.044) χTmaxχVbat / Nmod, when using a larger value of the empirical coefficient, battery voltage 600 V and the maximum allowable temperature in degrees Celsius 55 ° C, Vmod = 0.044χ55χ600 / 30 = 48 B.

After that, the modules were assembled into a battery, all ECHEs were fully charged. Then the battery was completely discharged, and all ECHEs were charged again. The battery operated for 4255 cycles, until the capacity dropped by 50% of the initial value. The same ECHE in the amount of 3686 pieces as part of the battery, not divided into modules, withstood 2660 cycles.

That is, a battery made in accordance with the present invention underwent 59.8% more charge and discharge cycles than a battery consisting of the same ECE in the same amount, not divided into modules.

Also, the technical result obtained in the claimed battery is an increase in the number of discharging and charging cycles of the battery by 50% and, therefore, an increase in the life cycle of the battery, until the moment when its electrical capacity decreases to the minimum permissible value, in comparison with a battery consisting only of one module containing all ECE. In addition, an unexpected technical result, which was obtained in the claimed battery, is an additional increase in the charging and discharging cycles of the battery by 8-10%, if the number of modules in the battery and the voltage on each module corresponds to the given dependencies.

Thus, due to the fact that the number of modules in the battery is directly proportional to the average thermodynamic temperature of one module with an additive correction for the ratio of the electrical capacity of one ECE in the battery and the battery itself, as well as due to the fact that the rated voltage of one module is proportional to the maximum allowable the temperature of one ECE in the battery, the voltage of the battery and inversely proportional to the number of modules, the number of discharge and charging cycles of the battery additionally increases by 8-10% and, therefore, the life cycle of the battery increases until its electric capacity decreases to the minimum permissible value.

Claims (2)

1. A battery containing a plurality of modules, each of which contains a block of energy storage elements (ECE), a meter unit interacting with an ECE unit, a module control circuit (MSA) connected to a meter unit, a battery control circuit (SMS) connected to an MSA , the first and second power switches, while ECEs are interconnected in a series-parallel scheme, in addition, the first power switch connects the positive power output of the module and the positive output of the ECE unit, and the second power switch connects the positive and negative power outputs of the module, while the negative output of the ECE unit is connected to the negative power output module, in addition, all modules are connected in series with each other by means of their power outputs, and the SUM of all modules are united by a common serial digital interface, while the number of modules Nmod is directly proportional to the average thermodynamic temperature of one module with an additive correction for the ratio of the electrical capacity of one ECE in the composition of the battery and the battery itself, Nmod = (0.03-0.1) χT + Eehe / Ebat, T is the average thermodynamic temperature of one module in Kelvin degrees, Ebat and Eehe are the electric capacities of the battery and one Eche in the battery, respectively. 2. The battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the rated voltage of one module is proportional to the maximum allowable temperature of one ECE in the battery, the battery voltage and inversely proportional to the number of modules, Vmod = (0.022-0.044) χTmax χVbat / Nmod, where Tmax is the maximum allowable temperature of one ECE in the battery, Vbat is the nominal voltage of the battery, Nmod is the number of modules in the battery.