EA038768B1 - Device for six-sided processing of workpieces - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention finds application in the design of CNC metal processing machines of oxy-fuel, plasma and laser cutting, welding, spraying, painting, grinding and polishing. The essence of the invention is a device, which involves providing three translational movements and simultaneously providing three rotational movements of a tool, wherein the first axis of rotation U and the third axis of rotation W are parallel and are displaced at a distance 1, and the tool center axis E2 is displaced at a distance 2 from the second axis of rotation V. The device is implemented according to the kinematic scheme, which comprises a rotating module, which consists of a housing body (4) provided with two neighboring motors (2) and (3) parallel to each other and engaged separately with two coaxial shafts, the first of which is hollow. To the housing body (4) a shoulder body (5) is fastened, which terminates with a quick connection (6) and by means of which an extension (7) is coupled, which terminates with a rotary device (8) to which the tool (10) is attached.

Description

The technical field to which the present invention relates

The invention relates to a device for six-sided processing of workpieces, and in particular those having the shape of a cube, which may include cutting, painting, grinding and other operations associated with the processing of materials that allow processing of different walls and sides of the workpiece in a fixed position, as well as chamfering or bevel cutting at an arbitrary angle using an oxy-fuel cutter, plasma cutter, or laser head as a tool. The application of the invention is in the field of oxygen, plasma and laser cutting or welding of metal workpieces. The invention can be used as a module in the creation of CNC machines for processing workpieces.

Prior art of the present invention

A well-known machine for processing metal workpieces, which provides translational movement of the working tool along three axes of coordinates - X, Y, Z and rotation along two axes of rotation. The machine consists of a gantry moving along guide rails, the movement of which provides translational movement along the X-axis, in combination with movement along the transverse girder of the gantry due to the actuation of a carriage on rails embedded in the gantry girder, providing translational movement along the Y-axis. the beam is movably attached to the carriage, providing translational movement along the Z axis.In its lower part, the vertical beam has a motor and a gearbox, which provides rotational movement in the XY plane using a support shaft, perpendicular to which the second axis is attached, which provides a second rotational movement of the working tool in the ZX plane. PCT Application WO 2016/061645.

The disadvantage of the machine is that all these movements are transmitted in the kinematic scheme in the usual order, one after the other. This results in a long kinematic diagram, which in practice makes the installation very large, requiring a lot of space to accommodate all rotational movements, and also with a large mass of components. Greater component mass results in more inertia with different tool movements, resulting in higher power output required. In addition, the number of sides of a workpiece that can be machined is limited in both the number and the degree of reachability.

A known method and device for plasma cutting, for example, for angular positioning and control of the cutting position of a plasma cutter, which consists in ensuring the translational movement of the plasma tool along three axes x, y, z coordinates in three planes ZX, ZY and XY, and at the same time in providing two rotational movements of the tool, around two intersecting axes perpendicular to each other, as a result of which the central axis E of the tool passes through the intersection of two axes I and II of rotation at point H. Thus, the three axes intersect at one point. The first rotary movement of the kinematic chain is carried out in a plane parallel to the ZY plane of the machine. The second rotary motion occurs in a plane that is perpendicular to the plane in which the first rotary motion occurs. Along with this, the axis of the plasma cutter is located in this plane. Thus, the two pivot axes and the center axis of the tool have one common point of intersection. US application US 2012/0298632 (A1).

The disadvantage of the device and method of its implementation is the limited number of processed sides of the workpiece, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped. Thus, only three sides, namely the top, left and right sides of a rectangular parallelepiped out of six in total, can be processed without changing the position of the workpiece. The front and back sides as well as the bottom side of the workpiece can only be machined in this system after turning and changing the position of the workpiece. With such a change in position, the original base can be shifted, which causes inaccurate program execution, and, moreover, it takes time and greatly reduces performance. In the known machining system, the other three sides cannot be machined in the same position of the workpiece, since the communications (mechanical connection of the tool and cutter wires) impede one of the two rotational movements.

The aim of the invention is to provide a method and device for implementing a method for precise movement of a welding or cutting tool, in particular for plasma cutting, with the possibility of six-sided processing of the workpiece, for example, in the form of a cube, in one position and capable of reaching any point on the surface of the workpiece in the form of a cube when an arbitrary angle of inclination of the tool to the surface, equal to the angle between the axis of the tool and the corresponding surface. At the same time, the device is compact and operates at lower power levels. The device has a quick-disconnect interface for replacing functional modules, which provides flexibility. This flexibility is necessary in order to increase the number and / or functional level of processing the sides of the workpiece in accordance with the purpose of the work and the technological needs of a particular process.

Brief disclosure of the present invention

The problem of the invention is solved with the help of a device for six-sided processing of the workpiece, which consists in providing three rotational movements along three mutually perpendicular axes U, V and W, due to which the third axis W of rotation is displaced by a distance Δ1 from the first axis of rotation U, and the center - 1 038768 The traverse axis E2 of the tool is displaced by a distance Δ2 from the second axis of rotation V.

The rotating module consists of a body that is equipped with two motors. The two motors are housed in the motor housing and are individually connected to two concentric shafts, the first of which is hollow, and the second is located in the center of the hollow shaft, while the shafts transmit rotation on the U and V axes through a gear system.

The first motor of the rotating module is coupled to the hollow shaft through pairs of cylindrical and bevel gears. By means of the first motor and the hollow shaft coupled to it, the first rotation of the working tool about the U axis is provided. The shoulder element is attached to the output shaft of the first rotation, and a gearbox with a bevel gear is installed in the shoulder element, ending with a quick-release connection.

The second motor of the rotating module is installed directly next to the first and, through a pair of gears, a main pair of cylindrical gears and an additional pair of bevel gears, is connected to an internal coaxial shaft passing through the center of the U-axis of the rotation (first rotation), while its other end is connected to the bevel a gear located in the shoulder element, which in turn forms a second pivot about the V axis. The extension is connected to a quick-release coupling at the end of the shoulder element, which ends in a rotating device to which the tool is attached, whereby the rotating device rotates about a third axis W turn. Thus, the quick-release shoulder member with the extension extends in the form of a shoulder, which provides a distance Δ1 in the range of 50 to 1000 mm between the first pivot axis U and the third pivot axis W. The third motor is installed in the housing of the extension and, by connecting the bevel gears, rotates around the third axis W. Depending on the design of the extension with a rotation device and its position relative to the shoulder element, the displacement Δ2 of the axis E2 of the working tool relative to the second axis of rotation V is in the range 0- 250 mm.

A separate case of design is when the tool is directly connected to the quick-release connection of the shoulder element and there is no third rotary movement with the third axis of rotation W, due to which the distance Δ1 is determined as the distance between the first axis U of rotation and the axis E2 of the working tool and depends on the design of the shoulder element with quick disconnect connection. In this case, the tool is connected directly to the end of the V-axis using a quick-release connection 6. In addition, the distance Δ2 is 0. In this case, only two rotations remain, and the central axis E2 of the working tool crosses the second axis of rotation V, and the two axes lie in the formed them to the plane (Fig. 1).

The advantages of the device are that it provides rotation around the U, V axes, and in the presence of the W axis, for six-sided machining of a workpiece, for example, in the form of a cube, with one workpiece position. At the same time, the device is compact and driven by low power, low power consumption motors. The kinematic diagram is compact, therefore the device is also compact, despite the large technological capabilities for processing workpieces from all sides. Thanks to the quick-release connection, the working arm of the tool can be increased by adding a third pivot axis or reduced, which provides technological flexibility.

Brief description of the figures

FIG. 1 is an illustrative embodiment of a device with an extension and with a directly connected tool, without an extension.

FIG. 2 shows a device for six-sided processing with three pivot axes mounted on a gantry system for metal cutting or welding, showing the spatial position of the pivot device relative to the axes of translational movement.

FIG. 3 shows a device for six-sided processing of a workpiece, mounted in a cantilever-type movement coordinate system for cutting metal with a rotating module with two pivot axes and direct connection of the cutter to the output shaft of the second pivot axis.

Detailed Disclosure of the Present Invention

Embodiment 1

In this embodiment, a device is provided for processing a workpiece on six sides, for example in the form of a cube. It contains a rotating module 1, which is installed on the carrier beam 25 of the portal movement system. The portal system (Fig. 2) consists of two parallel guide beams 20, on both of which there are movable carriages 21, to which the transverse beam 22 is attached. The movement of the carriages along the guides provides the first translational movement along the X axis. The guides 23 are mounted on the transverse beam 22 in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the first translational movement. A movable module 24 is mounted on the guides 23 of the transverse beam 22, this module providing a second translational movement along the Y-axis. The carrier beam 25 is mounted on a movable module 24, the carrier beam being able to move linearly along the Z-axis.

- 2 038768

The rotating module 1, which is installed on the carrier beam 25, consists of a housing 4, in which two motors are located - 2 and 3. Two motors are separately connected to two concentric shafts, the first of which is hollow, and the second is located in the center of the hollow shaft, and shafts transmit rotation through a system of cylindrical and bevel gears on the U and V axes.

The first motor 2 in the housing 4 is coupled to the hollow shaft through a bevel gear, which ensures the rotation of the working tool along the U axis, ending with a quick-release connection 6.

The second motor 3 of the rotating module 1 is engaged by a bevel gear with a second shaft that passes through the first hollow shaft, and at its end, the second shaft is engaged through a bevel gear pair at an angle of 90 ° with the V axis, which provides the second rotation. The connection between the second shaft and the V-axis is provided by a bevel gear driving the gearbox input shaft located in the shoulder member 5. The extension 7 is connected to a quick coupler 6, the extension ending in a rotating device. 8, to which the tool 10 is attached, whereby the device 8 pivots the third pivot axis W. Thus, the shoulder element 5 with the quick coupling 6 and the extension 7 form a shoulder that provides a distance Δ1 of 500 mm between the first pivot axis U and the third pivot axis W. A third motor 9 is installed in the extension 7, which turns the third W axis with the help of a bevel gear. Depending on the design of the extension 7 with the rotating device 8, the displacement Δ2 of the central axis E2 of the tool 10 relative to the axis V of the second rotation is in the range of 0250 mm. In a particular embodiment, the center axis E2 of the tool is offset from the second pivot axis V by a distance Δ2 = 50 mm.

The operation of the device according to the invention consists in the following: positioning the workpiece within the operating range of the device. The operator starts the program using special software, which includes sequential instructions on the number and type of movements required to position the tool, linear and rotary, in accordance with each required operation. According to a given program, the cutter processes the workpiece from all sides, performing the operations indicated in the program, in which, due to three axes of translational movement and three axes of rotation in combination with displacements Δ1 and Δ2, the working tool can approach all sides of the workpiece at any angle without the need to reinstall it.

Embodiment 2

In this embodiment, the device providing operation in the method is a rotating module 1, which differs from the above-described embodiment 1 in that it does not include in the kinematic chain an extension 7 with a rotating device 8, which provides a third pivot axis W (Fig. 2 ). The tool 10 is directly connected to the quick-release coupling 6 at the end of the shoulder element 5 and in such a way that the distance Δ1 = 50 mm.

The device contains a pair of parallel guides 20 (Fig. 3) and a support post 26 mounted on it. This provides the first translational movement along the X-axis of coordinates. A cantilever beam 27 is attached to the support post 26, on which guides 23 are installed. On the guides 23 of the cantilever beam 27, a movable module 24 is installed, which provides a second translational movement along the Y axis. The movable beam 25 is mounted on the movable module 24 in such a way as to ensure the linear movement of the movable beam along the Z axis.

The rotating module 1 is attached to the support beam 25 and is equipped with two motors 2 and 3, which are separately coupled to two shafts (Fig. 3), the first of which is hollow and the second is located inside the hollow shaft. The first motor 2 of the rotating module 1 is coupled by means of a bevel gear with a hollow shaft, thereby ensuring the rotation of the working tool around the U axis. The shoulder element 5 is installed in the housing 4 and contains a bevel gear and a gearbox installed in such a way that the shoulder element 5 ends with a quick-release connection 6. The second pivot axis V transmits rotation from the output flange of the gearbox in the shoulder element 5. The second motor 3 of the rotating module 1 is coupled through a bevel gear with a second shaft that passes through the hollow shaft and is connected at right angles to the shoulder element 5, at the end of which there is second pivot axis V. The connection between the second shaft and the second pivot axis V is provided by a pinion driven by a bevel gear located in the shoulder member 5. In this case, the work tool 10 is a metal cutter. The length of the shoulder element 5, together with the quick-release coupling 6, provides a distance Δ1 between the first pivot axis U and the central axis of the working tool E2.

The system works as follows: when the operator starts the program, the cantilever beam 27, the movable carriage 24 and the carrier beam 25 move the rotating module 1 along the corresponding axes X, Y and Z, depending on the position of the workpiece. At the same time, the motor 2 of the rotating module 1 by means of the hollow shaft rotates around the U-axis of the housing 4 by an angle specified in the program, and at the same time, the motor 3 rotates the working tool through a concentric shaft and the V-axis by a predetermined angle. Cutting or other processing of the workpiece to be machined is started in accordance with programmable commands by changing the position of the tool that sets the translational

- 3 038768 movement with coordinates X, Y and Z, as well as rotation coordinates along the U and V axes. Shoulder element 5, which provides the distance Δ1, ensures the passage of the tool through a series of translational movements along three linear axes and rotation along two rotation axes under the workpiece without interfering with the communications that are provided for the tool (air, power, cooling), which would be impossible in the case of intersection of two axes of rotation and the E2 axis of the tool at one point or being very close to each other.

Application of the invention

The invention can find application in the processing of workpieces fixed in one position, and the processing can consist of cutting, painting, grinding and other operations related to material processing, as well as for the formation of a chamfer or oblique cutting at a certain angle using an oxygen cutter, plasma cutting or laser head. The invention finds application in the field of plasma and laser cutting or welding of metal blanks. The invention can be used to create CNC machines for processing workpieces using oxygen, plasma and laser cutting, welding, spraying, painting, grinding and polishing.

Literature:

1) Patent application for invention - US 2012/0298632 (A1).

2) PCT Application WO 2016/061645.

Claims (1)

CLAIM A device for six-sided processing of workpieces, which contains a rotating module, which simultaneously provides two rotational movements around two axes perpendicular to each other, equipped with two motors for each rotation, separately coupled to two coaxial shafts, the first of which is hollow, and the second is located in the center of the hollow shaft, and the shafts transmit rotation through the gear system to two pivot axes, characterized in that the motors (2) and (3) are installed next to each other and are connected to the bearing housing (4), to which the shoulder element housing is directly connected ( 5), and the body of the extension (7) is connected to the end of the body of the shoulder element (5) by means of a quick-release connection (6), and the extension (7) ends with a rotating device (8), the axis of which provides rotation about the third axis of rotation W and to which it is attached tool (10), whereby the shoulder element (5) with the quick coupling (6) together with the extension body (7) form a shoulder, which determines the distance Δ1 in the range from 50 to 1000 mm between the first axis U of rotation and the third axis W of rotation, and the third motor (9) is installed in the extension (7), and the displacement Δ2 of the central axis E2 of the working tool (10) relative to the second pivot axis V in the range from 0 to 250 mm is provided due to the location during assembly of the extension (7) relative to the shoulder element (5) and due to the design of the extension (7) together with the design of the rotating device (8).