EA035149B1 - Versatile binocular - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to optical binoculars and may be used in optical sights, telescopes, binocular glasses and other optical devices containing viewing telescopes. The technical result is the possibility of smooth gradual change of the flange focal length to infinity, formation of a direct view image, broader application area and easier use, smaller dimensions and simplified binocular design. The technical result is achieved by provision of a binocular comprising a body in the form of a plate with two lens systems, each having one main lens and one eye glass, wherein the binocular has an automatic focusing unit for accommodation-convergence agreement in accordance with the distance from the binocular to the observed object. The automatic focusing unit includes twin rods with additional lenses secured fixedly to their front ends. The rods can move linearly back and forth in parallel to the optical axes on guides. The rear guides are hinged on the rear outside surface of the body and can roll on the hinges in the horizontal plane. The rod toes are hinged on carriers of engaged twin gears or on planes of tooth sectors. The gears or sectors are mounted on front parts of the plate, they have handles and ensure coordinated mirror-symmetric movement of additional lenses on circular arc lengths with simultaneous movement on the optical axes. Rotation of the gears or tooth sectors can be controlled remotely using an actuator.

Description

The invention relates to optical binoculars and can be used in optical sights, telescopes, binoculars and other optical devices containing telescopes.

Known binoculars (patent RU 2273871 C2, class G02B 23/18, G02B9 / 10, 2006), which contains a two-component lens, a prism wrapping system and an eyepiece. The first positive component of the lens contains positive and negative lenses glued together, the second component is made in the form of a meniscus facing its object with its concave side. The prism wrapping system is made in the form of a Pehan prism or a Porro prism of the 2nd kind. The technical result is to simplify the design of large magnification binoculars and to provide the ability to control the sight axis of the binoculars to stabilize the image.

The disadvantages of the binoculars include the complexity of its design due to the presence of wrapping prism systems and the inability to consider nearby objects. When using Porro prisms, the image contrast decreases and the transverse dimensions of the binoculars increase significantly, which leads to an overly pronounced stereo effect. The design uses the simplest lenses, consisting of only three lenses, which give an insufficiently high-quality image.

Known microscope glasses OM-3 \ (http://www.redoptic.ru/om-3_komz.html) produced by the Kazan Optical-Mechanical Plant. This is a personal binocular device used in neurosurgery, eye microsurgery and providing stereoscopic examination of an object with a three-fold increase. The microscope is based on a five-lens Kepler optical scheme with a prism turning system, it allows you to view the image with high definition in detail even at the edges of the field of view. The optics of the microscope glasses are securely fixed to the frame, special hinges allow you to temporarily divert binoculars from the eyes without removing the glasses. The device has a diopter adjustment, its focal length is 300 mm, which ensures a comfortable fit at the desktop.

The disadvantages of glasses are the complexity of their design due to the presence of a reversing prism system, the inability to zoom and view far-located objects.

A patent was selected as a prototype (RU No. 2316030, class G02B 25/00, OFNER Gerald Anton, 2000) An optical device in the form of a binocular magnifier with an automatic focusing device. This device contains two lens systems, each containing at least a lens and an eyepiece. There is also an automatic focusing device that changes the focal length of lens systems for focusing and parallax compensation between lens systems. Optical elements are mounted along curved trajectories with the possibility of movement. It provides the creation of a stereoscopic image without changing the position of the tubes when changing the working distance and the magnification factor. In one embodiment, a plate is used in the device on which optical elements mounted on additional plates are mounted with the possibility of movement. It is proposed to carry out the movement of optical elements with the help of five servo drives controlled by radio waves emitted by separate electronic units. In another embodiment, control is proposed using pulses of the user's brain.

The disadvantages of the proposed device are its excessive complexity, inconvenience of control, dependence on power sources, software and a small range of range changes. The optical part is indicated schematically, it is indicated only that lenses and prisms can be used in it. The mechanical system provides during operation the movement of elements on non-conjugate surfaces, which will inevitably lead to large backlashes and a malfunction of settings.

The objective of the invention is the development of a model of optical binoculars, which allows to obtain increased stereoscopic images of objects in an extended range of ranges.

The technical result is the ability to smoothly change the working segment to infinity, the formation of a direct image, increasing the scope and ease of use, reducing the size and simplifying the design of the binocular.

The technical result is achieved in that in a binocular containing a plate-shaped body with two lens systems, each of which has one main lens and an eyepiece, there is an automatic focusing device for matching accommodation with convergence in accordance with the distance from the binocular to the observation object. The automatic focusing device consists of paired rods with additional lenses fixed fixed to their front ends. The rods are made with the possibility of linear reciprocating movement parallel to the optical axes along the guides. The guides with the rear parts are pivotally mounted on the housing in the rear outer part thereof with the possibility of swinging on hinges in a horizontal plane. The rods are pivotally fixed by the front parts on the leashes of paired coupled gears or on the planes of the gear sectors. Gears or sectors are installed in the front of the plate, have handles and provide coordinated mirror-symmetrical movement of additional lenses along segments of circular arcs with their simultaneous movement along the optical axes. Can be remotely controlled by the rotation of gears or gear sectors

- 1 035149 using the service mechanism.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 is a top view of a binocular with side projections;

in FIG. 2 - bottom view of the binocular;

in FIG. 3 - optical scheme with the construction of the beam;

in FIG. 4 - option with gear sectors;

in FIG. 5 - binocular operation in an intermediate mode;

in FIG. 6 - binocular operation in the binocular microscope mode.

In FIG. 1 is a general diagram of a binocular device, and FIG. 2 - its view from below. Here, on the plate 1, having a cutout for the face in the back, two guides 2 are installed, each in the form of tubes of rectangular cross section. The consoles 3 are fixedly mounted on the guides 2 and have hinges 4 at the ends, the axes of which are mounted on the plate 1. The rear tubes 5 are fixedly mounted on the guides 2, the eyepieces 6 are installed at the rear ends and the main lenses are installed at the front ends 7. In both guides with the possibility of longitudinally sliding movement placed rods 8 of rectangular cross section. The front tubes 9 with additional lenses 10 are fixedly mounted on the rods 8. Axes 12 are mounted on the leashes 11, passing through the holes of the rods 8 and forming sliding bearings with it. Thus, hinges are actually formed at the front ends of the rods 8. The plate 1 has through cuts 13 made with the possibility of free passage of the axles 12. The leashes 11 are mounted on the outer pair of gears 14. A handle 15 is fixedly mounted on one of the gears 14. Four gears are mounted on plate 1 on the axes rotatably and are engaged.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows the optical scheme of one of the halves of the binocular with the construction of the ray path. Here, the eyepiece 6 with focus f ₆ and the main lens 7 with focus f ₇ form the classic optical microscope design. An additional lens 10 with focus f ₁₀ is located in front of the main one on the optical axis with the possibility of controlled movement along it. An additional lens creates O ₂ - the actual inverted image of the object O ₁ . The main lens 7 forms a valid image of the O ₃ object, which is examined using the eyepiece 6, forming the O ₄ imaginary image of the object.

In FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the binocular using gear sectors 16 instead of the gear system 14. The gear sectors are essentially fragments of larger diameter gears mounted for rotation on the plate 1. Axes 12 are mounted directly on the plane of the gear sectors, the handle 15 is fixedly mounted on one of the sectors.

There are also light-protective hoods (not indicated), in the simplest version of them, the front tube of a larger diameter when moving it can be pushed onto the rear tube. The eyepieces have a large field of view, a large aperture and are located at a distance corresponding to the average base of the user's eyes. One of the eyepieces has a diopter adjustment to compensate for visual defects of the user. Additional lenses 10 may have variable focuses with both manual separate and external synchronous control of the degrees of zoom. This leads to additional opportunities in terms of changing the degree of increase. In addition to manual control, it can also be remotely controlled by a service mechanism that includes one motor. As part of the service mechanisms, both stepper and ultrasonic motors (USM drives), which are widely used, for example, in modern digital cameras, can be used. The binocular can be mounted on an adjustable stand for convenient operation in various modes. The design may include mounts for interchangeable color filters placed, for example, between the primary and secondary lenses.

The binocular is used as follows. Holding the binocular with one hand, with the other hand, grasp the handle 15 and observe distant objects (Fig. 1). To observe nearby objects, they begin to rotate the handle 15. Through the gears 14, the leash 11 and the axis 12, this movement is transmitted to the rods 4, which with simultaneous extension from the guides 2 make them synchronously rotate on hinges 4. This ensures accommodation accommodation with convergence of optical axes and observation of the object (Fig. 5 and 6). When converging, the eyepieces 6 move along the segments of circles with the centers in the hinges 4 and come closer - this ensures the combination of the optical axes of the binocular with the optical axes of the eyes. In a similar manner, a binocular is used in the variant with toothed sectors, which during their rotation make the ends of the rods move 8. In the case of using known remote control systems, they are operated in accordance with the normal mode of operation.

A working model of the binocular was made in accordance with the proposed scheme, which confirmed the possibility of achieving the stated technical results. In the binocular mode, its magnification was 10, in the binocular microscope mode - 20. The model also provided stable operation in intermediate modes. The image had practically no aberrations due to the use of high-quality lenses and eyepieces. A second working model was made in the form of a binocular microscope, which also gave stereoscopic images of nearby objects of good

- 2,035149 of our quality.

It is possible to produce simplified binocular designs - only as binoculars, binocular microscopes or binocular glasses. In these cases, there is no need for gear systems. For binoculars, it should be possible to move forward and backward a block of additional lenses for focusing. Interpupillary base adjustment and diopter adjustment of eyepieces used in the construction of modern binoculars should also be provided. As a binocular microscope, the binocular must be mounted on the bed and have all the necessary accessories — a drug maker, an object table, a light, a set of interchangeable eyepieces, and so on. Also, the binocular, if used in its design, for example, plastic optics and other light materials, can be mounted on the user's head with a rim, hoop, etc.

In this description, only one of the variants of the binocular is shown, on the example of which it is easy to trace the principle of its operation. Other options can be very diverse: for example, long tubes of rectangular or octagonal cross-section can slide into one another and play the role of guides with rods. Parts with non-working teeth can be excluded from gear systems, leashes can be made as a single unit with gears, etc. This device can be used in cases where restrictions are imposed on the weight and dimensions of luggage, for example, when hiking in the mountains or on a scientific expedition.

Claims (1)

A binocular containing a plate with two lens systems, each of which has a main lens and an eyepiece, characterized in that each lens system contains an additional lens located in front of the corresponding main lens, made with the possibility of linear movement along the corresponding optical axis and mounted on the corresponding of two rods, which are placed in the rails with the possibility of linear movement parallel to the corresponding optical axes of the systems, the rails with the rear parts pivotally mounted on the rear outer parts of the plate, and the rods pivotally fixed with the front parts on the planes of the paired coupled gears, providing during their rotation a coordinated mirror symmetric movement of additional lenses along segments of circular arcs.