EA034265B1 - Four-stage multiplier for a wind power unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is related to the field of mechanical engineering and can be used in high-power wind power units (WPU). The objective of the invention is to increase the reliability of operation and efficiency of the multiplier (M), reduce friction losses, as well as metal consumption, overall dimensions and production cost through improvement of structure and lubrication system. To solve the problem, the housing of M for the WPU consists of four sections, inspection windows in the shape of small covers are made on the top of the third section and on the back side of the fourth section. The first and fourth sections of the housing are made, respectively, as caps of round and rectangular shape. The shaft of the sun gear (SG) by the two bearings (B) concentrically positioned one inside the other, with a certain intermediate distance, is attached to the left wall of the third section of housing. The inner B is directly seated on the SG shaft, and a cylindrical stub made on the right side of the pinion carrier (PC) is inserted into the intermediate space between the inner and outer B, which is simultaneously in contact with both the outer surface of the inner B and the inner surface of the outer B. The upper part of the place of abutment of the wall of PC to the outer ring of the inner B, is made sloping from left to right, and the upper part of the place of abutment of the wall of the third section of the M housing to the outer ring of the outer B is sloping from right to left, in the form of conical surfaces. The slave GW of the second stage with the master GW of the third stage and the slave GW of the third stage with the leading GW of the fourth stage are made as an integral part, i.e. as the first and second gear blocks. A cylindrical passage channel is made along the entire length of the central part of the SG shaft, and a metal pipe (MP) is installed in this channel, with an intermediate distance of 5-40 mm along the entire circumference. The gear wheels (GW) of the second, third and fourth stages are mounted on two shafts, one located in the central part and the other one in the side part of the third section of the M housing. The shaft located in the central part by means of a spline connection is connected to the SG and the leading GW of the second stage, teeth are made on these parts, and this shaft plays the role of shaft for the SG, and the shaft located on the side plays the role of output shaft. M is equipped with a force lubrication system (FLS), consisting of a mechanical oil pump (MOP), an oil cooler (OC), oil transfer pipes (OTP) and oil distribution channels (ODC). For rotation of the MOP shaft, M is equipped with an additional single-stage cylindrical gearing (ASSCG). The SG shaft, the M output shaft, and the ASSCG output shaft are made in step form, with variable diameters. OC FLS consists of a fan, a heat exchanger made in the form of coil and radiator and is installed on the output line of the MOP. The MOP input line by the OTP is connected with the lower part of the M housing, which plays the role of a pan (S) for oil. Another part of the OTP connected to the MOP output, has four main OTP and one additional OTP with a smaller diameter fitted with an oil spray nozzle (OSN). Additional OTP from the lower side is divided into two parts. Due to improved design, the number of parts of the proposed four-stage M for WPU is significantly reduced, which leads to a reduction in metal consumption and overall dimensions, and an increase in efficiency and reliability, as well as a significant reduction in its cost. Reducing the overall dimensions and weight of M also leads to a significant facilitation of transportation and lower transportation costs. The use of a more advanced FLS in the proposed M leads to a significant increase in the service life of its working parts, and minimizes friction losses.

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and can be used in high-power wind power units, as a multiplier, as well as in some machines and mechanisms, including lifting devices with output shafts operating under high load at low speeds as a gearbox.

Known four-stage planetary gearbox, consisting of an electric motor, as well as high-speed, intermediate and low-speed stages of spur gears. Each stage consists of corresponding paired gears, shaft and bearings. The high-speed input shaft (second shaft in a row) is made with a gear wheel as a whole, and the low-speed output shaft is made as a separate shaft. In addition, the gears of the first stage are installed in the middle of the high-speed input shaft. To reinforce the leading gears of the second stage on the left and right sides of the shaft are made cells for the keys. The high-speed shaft of the second stage (third shaft in a row) on the left and right sides, are made with the corresponding gears as a single unit. To attach the third gear to the shaft, a key cell is made on the middle part of this shaft. On the middle part of the high-speed shaft of the third stage (fourth shaft in a row), the gear wheel is made as a whole with it. On the other hand, for attaching the drive gear, with the clutch, on the left and right sides, cells for the keys are made on this shaft, which are not shown in the figure. The high-speed input shaft of the fourth stage (fifth row in a row) is also made with a gear wheel as a whole. To ensure two flow rates, the second such shaft is made symmetrically on the same horizontal axis on the right side of the gearbox. Each shaft is individually mounted on bearings. To limit the possibility of sliding bearings and gears, attached by means of dowels along the shafts, bearing caps are used, as well as side mounting caps. All parts of the gearbox are installed inside the housing with a cover. In this gearbox, the shaft of the electric generator is connected to the high-speed shaft by means of a coupling and makes up the fourth gear stage. A gear made on a high-speed shaft is in engagement with a drive gear with a clutch mounted on the high-speed shaft of the third stage. A gear made on the middle part of the high-speed shaft of the third stage is in engagement with a gear made on the middle part of the high-speed shaft and connected by a key. Gears, made as a whole on the left and right sides of the high-speed shaft of the second stage, are in engagement with gears made on the left and right sides of the high-speed shaft of the first stage and connected to it by means of dowels. A gear made on the middle part of this shaft is in engagement with the gear connected with the middle part of the low-speed output shaft of the four-stage gearbox, using a key [1].

In this gearbox, all four stages are made according to the classical principle, in the form of a gear transmission, which is one of its drawbacks. As is known from the literature, it is required to use a much larger number of details. So, to complete all four steps it is necessary to use five shafts, and given that two bearings are required for each shaft, the total number of bearings is 10 pieces. If the gearbox is two-flow, as in the case under consideration, the number of required bearings doubles. Thus, the presence of a large number of parts leads to an increase in the metal consumption of the gearbox, which negatively affects its cost and makes the manufacturing process much more difficult. On the other hand, despite the fact that in such reducers made according to the classical principle, a large gear ratio can be obtained, however, their overall dimensions are much larger, which complicates their installation in many machines and mechanisms in optimal shape. In addition, the presence of a large number of parts leads to a large heating of rotating and interlocked parts, which, in turn, reduces the overall efficiency of the gearbox.

Closest to the proposed invention, the technical solution is a multiplier and a generator of a wind turbine, in which the first stage is made of a planetary gear, and the other two stages are in the form of a cylindrical gear transmission, which is conventionally connected in series, to each other, in which the planetary gear consists of an input shaft and is made as a single unit the whole carrier, satellite and sliding bearing mounted on its axis, the central ring, the sun gear, the output shaft of the planetary gear Achi and bearings. In this case, the output shaft of the planetary gear is simultaneously the shaft of the sun gear. The axis of the satellite is planted on the cells of the carrier and on itself holds the sliding bearing and satellite. A satellite with a central ring has an internal gear, and with a sun gear, an external gear engagement, and the carrier is located on a bearing. The second stage consists of a drive ring with gear teeth engaged with a driven ring rigidly attached to a low-speed shaft of a cylindrical gear transmission and made integral with the intermediate shaft, and the shaft of the sun gear of the first stage by means of a gear clutch has a rigid connection with the low-speed shaft of a cylindrical gear of the second stage . The third stage consists of an intermediate shaft attached to it of the leading ring of the third stage and the driven ring of the third stage, with the teeth engaged with this ring, and made as a unit with the output shaft. The shafts of the spur gear of this stage are mounted on 1,034265 on the corresponding bearing pairs. All details of the multiplier are installed inside a common housing [2].

The main disadvantage of this multiplier is the use of a second and third stages, three shafts and a large number of bearings in a cylindrical gear transmission, since this leads to a complication of its design and an increase in metal consumption. And this, in turn, has a negative impact on its cost, reliability and economic performance. The presence of a large number of bearings also reduces the efficiency of the multiplier. For each shaft, it is necessary to carry out an additional bearing housing on the housing, providing them with bearing caps, as well as sealing and connecting elements. Another disadvantage of this multiplier is the installation of a satellite on a sliding bearing, since due to the occurrence of additional friction between this bearing and the axis of the satellite, this leads to heating of each of them and a special method of forced lubrication of the bearing is necessary to reduce this friction. However, as can be seen from the above diagram, in the prototype multiplier the lubrication process is carried out by a free method, i.e. by free flow of oil, passing through channels made inside the axles of the carrier and satellites, which cannot provide stable lubrication of a sliding bearing operating under heavy load and with a low rotation speed. As a result, a semi-fluid friction regime is created between the sliding bearing and the shaft, which in turn leads to intense eating and heating of the rubbing surfaces. To eliminate such drawbacks and provide a fluid friction regime for sliding bearings, there is a need to use a forced lubrication method using high pressure oil pumps, which is not taken into account in this device. In addition, the prototype device does not show the lubrication mechanisms of the driving and driven gears of a cylindrical gear transmission, as well as the shafts and bearings on which they are mounted, and this greatly complicates the manufacture of a really working multiplier based on the above diagram. Another disadvantage of this multiplier is the lack of a special channel for the passage of electric cables necessary to power the automatic current control system, which serves to automatically change the angles of attack of the blades of the wind wheel, in accordance with the change in wind speed. On the other hand, the possibility of using multipliers with the number of steps less than four, including three-stage ones, in wind power units of high power is limited, which is also a disadvantage of such multipliers. This is because the overall gear ratio of multipliers used in high-power wind power units vary within I _msgs = 90-420, and the smaller will be the number of stages, the greater the gear ratio of each of its steps, to be able to ensure the overall gear ratio , which, as a rule, is ensured by increasing the ratio of the diameters of the driving and driven gears. In this case, the natural overall dimensions and the overall metal consumption of the multiplier also grows. In addition, with fewer stages and a large total gear ratio, individual stages are forced to work under heavy load, which leads to both an increase in friction loss between gears that are meshed, and a decrease in the efficiency of the multiplier and its service life as a whole.

The objective of the invention is, by improving the design and improving the lubrication system, increasing the reliability and efficiency of the multiplier, reducing friction losses, as well as reducing metal consumption, overall dimensions and cost.

For a positive solution to this problem in a four-stage multiplier for a wind-driven electric unit, consisting of a housing installed inside it of the first stage with a planetary gear containing integral with the input shaft and mounted on the bearing carrier, with axes located at equal angular distances from each other and equipped with oil distribution channels, satellites mounted on these axes by means of a bearing and a central wheel with internal gearing of teeth with them, solar a gear with external gearing of the teeth with the satellite gear and its shaft, and other stages with a cylindrical gear transmission contain drive and driven wheels and their shafts, bearings on which these shafts are mounted and corresponding bearing caps, according to the invention, the housing consists of four sections that are attached to each other to a friend by means of sealing gaskets and bolts, while the third section from the top and the fourth from the back are equipped with inspection windows made in the form of small covers, planetary gears of the first stage with planetary the transmission is mounted on bearing pairs, and the axles of the carrier are made in the form of a cylinder and are fitted to these bearing pairs, with the left end parts of the axles of the carrier mounted on cells made in the left wall of its housing, and the right end parts in holes made in the right wall of that the housing and by means of annular displacement limiters eliminating the possibility of their horizontal movement, and bolts are attached to them, in addition, the left bearings of bearing pairs on which the axles of the carrier are mounted, on the left, and the right - on the right Torons limiters are provided annular displacements, cogwheels second, third and fourth stages are mounted on two shafts, one of which is located in the central and the other - on the side of the third multiplier section and the shaft body, located in the central part

- 2 034265 by means of a spline connection, connected to the sun gear and the driving gear of the second stage, teeth are made on these parts, and this shaft plays the role of a shaft for the sun gear, and the shaft located on the side is the role of the output shaft, the fourth-stage wheel is attached with a key to the output shaft, the multiplier is also equipped with a forced lubrication system consisting of a mechanical oil pump, an oil cooler, oil transfer tubes and oil distribution channels, In addition, to bring the pump for pumping oil into rotational motion, the multiplier is also equipped with an additional one-stage cylindrical gear transmission, which is located inside the cell, made in the lower right side of the fourth section of the housing and equipped with two, one large and one small bearing caps, the inside of which is large the bearing cap is made in the form of a truncated cone and the edges of this part are seated on a small bearing sealed on both sides, which is left it is equipped with an annular spring bias limiter, the driving gear of an additional single-stage cylindrical gear is directly mounted on the right end part of the sun gear shaft and attached to them, and its driven gear, which is in engagement with this gear, is mounted and attached to the shaft by means of a key, with one end brought out to communicate with a mechanical oil pump and with end parts seated on the left and right bearings mounted, respectively, in the cells, made on the left wall of the large and in the inner part of the small bearing caps, and on the shaft part between the driven gear and the left bearing, a restrictive part is made in the form of an annular protrusion, and in the intermediate part between the driven gear and the right bearing it is equipped with an annular displacement limiter. The first and fourth sections of the housing are respectively made in the form of caps of round and rectangular shapes. A cylindrical passage channel is made in the central part of the sun gear shaft along the entire length and a metal pipe is installed in this channel, with an intermediate distance of 5-10 mm along the entire circumference, the left end part of which is made in the form of a flange and is rigidly attached to the carrier by means of bolts and the right end part of it is simultaneously seated as installed on a cell made inside the right end part of the sun gear shaft, sealed on the left side and provided with an annular limiter on the right side m of displacement is a large bearing, as well as a small bearing attached to the left extreme part in the form of a truncated cone of a large bearing cover. In the middle part of the large bearing cap of the cell, with the placement of an additional single-stage cylindrical gear inside the gears, a hole is made in which a sleeve is fitted with the right side made in the form of a flange, with an inner diameter equal to the inner diameter of the metal pipe and bolted rigidly to the wall cover, and between the left edge of the sleeve and the right end of the metal pipe there is an intermediate distance of less than 1 mm. On the left side of the sun gear, an annular displacement limiter is installed, by means of bolts around the entire circumference, attached to the surface of the left end of the sun gear shaft, and on the inner wall of the sun gear shaft, on the side of the left end part, a circular recess is made where an elastic ring is installed. The sun gear shaft is attached to the left wall of the third section of the housing by means of two bearings concentrically located one inside the other, with a certain intermediate distance, with the inner bearing directly seated on the sun gear shaft, and the right side of the carrier inserted into the intermediate space between the inner and outer bearings in the form of a cylindrical protrusion, which is simultaneously in contact with both the outer surface of the inner and inner surfaces of the outer bearings, in addition, on the right side of the inner bearing, on the shaft of the sun gear and on the right side of the outer bearing on the wall of the third section of the multiplier housing, restrictive parts are made in the form of a round protrusion, and on the right side of the carrier in the form of a cylindrical protrusion - a stepped part, the right front part of the shaft of the sun gear mounted on bearing pairs mounted on the wall of the fourth section of the housing and sealed the left bearing, on the left, and the right - on the right side, and the left and right side bearings and the intermediate parts are provided with annular displacement limiters. The upper part of the abutment wall of the carrier drove the outer ring of the inner bearing with a slope in the direction from left to right, and the upper part of the abutment wall of the third section of the housing of the multiplier to the outer ring of the outer bearing with a slope in the direction from right to left, in the form of conical surfaces. The second stage driven gear with the third stage driving wheel and the third stage driven gear with the fourth stage driving gear are made as a whole, i.e. in the form of the first and second gear units, the first gear unit using conventional bearing pairs seated on the output shaft, and the second gear unit, by means of a bearing pair, with the left bearing sealed on the left, and the right on the right side on the shaft of the sun gear the multiplier, in addition, on those parts of these block gears with which they are mounted on bearing pairs, annular restrictive parts are made, in the form of a circular protrusion, a bearing pair with the seating of the first block and gears just to the right and bearing the pair - with podsazhivaniem second unit gears - both

- 3,034,265 sides are equipped with annular displacement stops. The shaft of the sun gear, the output shaft of the multiplier and the output shaft of the additional single-stage cylindrical gear are made in a stepped form with variable diameters. The oil-cooling device of the forced lubrication system consists of a fan, a heat exchanger made in the form of a coil and a radiator, and is installed on the output line of a mechanical oil pump, the input line of the oil pump is connected via an oil transfer pipe to the lower part of the housing, which is also cylindrical in shape, also playing the role of an oil trough, the other part of the oil transfer pipe connected to the output of the oil pump has four main and one additional - with a relatively smaller diameter oil distributor pipes equipped with an oil spray nozzle, the additional oil distribution pipe on the bottom side is divided into two parts, the free end of the first main oil distribution pipe is inserted inward through the walls of the bearing cap installed in the left end part of the output shaft and attached to the third section of the multiplier housing, and its oil spray nozzle is installed at the beginning of the oil channel, made in the center of this shaft, the free ends of the second, third and fourth main oil distribution casting tubes through the corresponding parts of the third section of the housing are introduced inside, and their oil spray nozzles are installed in the immediate vicinity of the clutch of the teeth of the driving and driven gears of the second, third and fourth stages of the gearbox with a cylindrical gear transmission, respectively, the free end of the first part of the additional oil distribution tube through the walls of the fourth section of the housing is inserted inside, and its oil spray nozzle is installed in close proximity to the gap the left and right bearings of the bearing pair, which are seated to the right end part of the sun gear shaft and serve to support it on the wall of the fourth section of the housing, the free end of the second part of this tube is inserted through an opening made on the upper wall of the large bearing cap of the cell with an additional single-stage cylindrical inside transmission, and its oil spray nozzle is installed near the place of adhesion of the teeth of the driving and driven gears of this stage, in addition, on the shaft walls of the sun gear and the output shaft, oil channels are made, on the left side, on the wall of the sun gear shaft there is an oil drain channel, on the lower and upper parts of the left wall of the third section of the hole body, in the lower part of the body playing the role of a trough for oil, the outlet line with a drain valve oil, and the lower part of the cell with an additional single-stage cylindrical transmission located inside, by means of an oil drain tube, is connected with the oil pit.

The proposed invention differs from the technical solution closest to them in some respects, due to which the invention finds its positive solution. These distinguishing features are as follows. In the proposed invention, the housing consists of four sections that are attached to each other by means of gaskets and bolts, while the third section from the top and the fourth from the back side are provided with inspection windows made in the form of small covers. The manufacture of the multiplier housing in the form of four sections attached to each other by means of bolts is necessary to facilitate the processes of its disassembly and assembly. The supply of the third section from the upper and the fourth from the rear side with inspection windows made in the form of small covers is necessary to monitor the condition of the multiplier steps in the operating mode, to protect them from dust and other types of contaminants, and, if necessary, to carry out repairs commissioning. In addition, in the proposed multiplier, the first-stage satellites with planetary gear are mounted on bearing pairs, and the axles of the carrier are made in the form of a cylinder and are fitted to these bearing pairs. These distinguishing features serve to reduce heat loss associated with friction, improve design, as well as increase bearing life and multiplier efficiency. In the proposed multiplier, the left end parts of the axles of the carrier are mounted on the cells made in the left wall of its body, and the right end parts in the holes made in the right wall of the same body and by means of annular displacement limiters, eliminating the possibility of their horizontal movement, and bolts are attached to them In addition, the left bearings of the bearing pairs on which the axles of the carrier are mounted are on the left, and the right on the right is equipped with annular displacement limiters. These signs serve to securely attach the carrier axes to its housing, to ensure their easy rotation and to exclude the possibility of horizontal displacement on both sides of the carrier axes and the bearing pairs on which they are mounted. Another distinguishing feature of the proposed multiplier from the prototype is the installation of gears of the second, third and fourth stages on two shafts, one of which is located in the central and the other in the side of the third section of the multiplier housing. Due to this distinguishing feature, firstly, the design of the multiplier is simplified, since the number of used parts is reduced by one shaft and one bearing pair, which reduces its metal consumption, overall dimensions and cost, and secondly, by reducing additional friction losses the overall efficiency of the multiplier is growing. In addition, the shaft located in the central part is connected by means of a spline connection to the sun gear and the driving gear of the second stage, teeth are made on these parts, and this shaft plays the role of the shaft for the sun gear, and the shaft located on the side plays the role output shaft, moreover

- 4 034265 the fourth-wheel driven wheel is attached with a key to the output shaft. It is due to these distinguishing features that each of these shafts can have more rigid and reliable connections with the indicated gears and, for the same reason, the sun gear shaft (the shaft located in the central part) can play the role of the leader, and the shaft located in the lateral part , the role of the driven shafts for the steps of the multiplier with a cylindrical gear. From this point of view, the shaft of the sun gear performs two functions. So, for the first stage with a planetary gear, it performs the function of a driven shaft, and for the second stage, with a cylindrical gear transmission, it acts as a drive shaft. Due to the splined connection of the shaft located in the central part with the sun gear, the rotational movement received by the sun gear from the axis of the wind wheel, passing through the satellites and the central gear wheel, as well as the carrier and the input shaft, to the corresponding gear wheels, stages with a cylindrical gear transmission, can be transmitted directly, i.e. without loss. Similarly, by rigidly linking the sun gear shaft by means of a spline connection to the drive wheel of the second stage and performing a tooth on this part of the shaft, it is possible to directly transmit the primary rotational movement from the sun gear shaft to the drive gear of the second stage with a cylindrical gear, and this leads to both a simplification of the design and an increase in transmission reliability. The multiplier is also supported by a forced lubrication system consisting of a mechanical oil pump, oil cooler, oil transfer tubes and oil distribution channels, which serves to reliably lubricate all structural parts in rotational motion and, ultimately, increase their service life by reducing friction losses to a minimum. Thanks to the use of a mechanical oil pump in this system, the possibility of this pump acting on the multiplier itself is achieved, which makes it possible to automatically adjust the amount of oil supplied, depending on changes in the rotation of the axis of the wind wheel and the sun gear shaft, which in turn provides reliable lubrication of all parts in rotational motion. In addition, by using a mechanical oil pump, the need for an additional current source is eliminated. Thanks to the use of an oil-cooling device, oil is pumped out from the lower part of the multiplier housing, which plays the role of a hot pit for oil, to its moving parts, after cooling, which is considered the most necessary condition for ensuring reliable lubrication of machines and mechanisms. To bring the mechanical oil pump into rotational motion, the multiplier is equipped with an additional single-stage cylindrical gear transmission, which is located inside the cell, made in the lower right side of the fourth section of the housing equipped with two, one large and one small bearing caps. Due to these features, it becomes possible to actuate the mechanical oil pump from this single-stage cylindrical gear transmission of the multiplier. And the establishment of an additional single-stage cylindrical gear transmission on a cell with two bearing caps serves for the optimal placement of all structural parts related to this transmission, as well as protecting them from extraneous mechanical stress and pollution. In the proposed multiplier, the inner part of the large bearing cap is made in the form of a truncated cone and the edges of this part are seated on a small bearing sealed on both sides, which is equipped with an annular spring displacement limiter on the left side, the drive gear of the additional single-stage cylindrical gear is directly mounted on the right end part the shaft of the sun gear and is attached to them, and its driven wheel, which is in engagement with this gear wheel, is planted and by means of a dowel, attached to the shaft, with one end facing out, for communication with a mechanical oil pump and with end parts mounted on the left and right bearings mounted, respectively, in cells made on the left wall of the large and in the inner part of the small bearing caps, moreover, on the shaft part, between the driven gear and the left bearing, a restrictive part is made in the form of an annular protrusion, and in the intermediate part between the driven gear and the right bearing it is equipped with an annular ring anichitelem bias. The execution of the inside of the large bearing cap in the form of a truncated cone is necessary to exclude the possibility of free oil flow through the hole made in the center of the drive gear of this stage and accumulate it in the space available on the left side of the small bearing, sealed on both sides. Moreover, the use of a bearing sealed on both sides serves to exclude the possibility of leakage of lubricating oil to the side filled into it during manufacture, as well as to protect the oil from drying out at critical pressures and temperature conditions and, ultimately, increase the bearing life. This small bearing also serves to reliably bond the stationary interior of the large conical bearing cap to the metal pipe in rotational motion, as well as to facilitate the rotation of the metal pipe. The supply on the left side of the small bearing with an annular spring displacement limiter is necessary to prevent the possibility of its movement at the moments of rotational motion. Through the use of a spring displacement limiter, the disassembly and assembly of a small bearing is facilitated. Thanks nepo

- 5 034265 to an average landing of the additional single-stage cylindrical gear on the right end part of the sun gear shaft and attachment to them, it is possible to actuate the drive gear of this gear directly from the sun gear shaft, which eliminates friction losses and simplifies the design. A distinctive feature associated with the fit of the driven gear of this stage with the gear, which is in engagement with the drive gear on the shaft, with one end brought out to communicate with the mechanical oil pump and by means of a key attached to them, is necessary to bind this shaft with a mechanical oil pump by means of a coupling and ensuring its operation. Due to the fit of the shaft with the end parts on the left and right bearings installed in the cells made on the left wall of the large bearing cover and on the inside of the small bearing cover, the shaft can be firmly attached both to the left wall of the large and to the inside of the small bearing covers, as well as its easy rotation, without additional friction losses. In addition, due to the execution on the part of the shaft, between the driven gear and the left bearing, of the restrictive part in the form of an annular protrusion, and from the intermediate part, between the driven gear and the right bearing, supply of its annular displacement limiter, the possibility of movement as a driven gear wheels, and left and right bearings in the horizontal direction. In the proposed multiplier, the execution of the first and fourth sections of the housing, respectively, in the form of round and rectangular covers is connected precisely with the fact that the second section of the housing with the placement inside the first stage with a planetary gear has a cylindrical one, and the third section with the placement inside the second, third and fourth stages with spur gear - rectangular configuration. In addition, in the proposed multiplier in the central part of the shaft of the sun gear along the entire length, a cylindrical passage channel is made and a metal pipe is installed in this channel with an intermediate distance of 5-10 mm along the entire circumference. This distinguishing feature is necessary to ensure reliable and unhindered transmission of the cable used to supply electric current to the mechanism for automatically changing the angles of attack of the blades of the wind wheel, electromechanically, depending on the change in wind speed, through a metal pipe located in this passage channel. Maintaining an intermediate distance of 5-10 mm around the entire circumference between the metal pipe and the passage channel is necessary to allow easy, reliable and free rotation of two moving parts rotating at different speeds, i.e. a metal pipe attached to the input shaft and the shaft of the sun gear (the ratio of the speed of rotation is equal to the gear ratio of the first stage of the multiplier with a planetary gear) and the possibility of lubricating the corresponding bearings, the passage of oil through this gap, and free draining of excess oil into the lower part of the housing, acting as a pit for oil. Other distinctive features of the proposed multiplier is that the left end part of the metal pipe is made in the form of a flange and is rigidly attached to the carrier by means of bolts, and the right end part of it is simultaneously mounted as mounted on a cell made inside the right end part of the sun gear shaft, with the left side is sealed, and on the right side equipped with an annular displacement limiter, a large bearing, as well as attached to the left extreme part, in the form of a truncated cone, is large second bearing caps, bearing little. These distinctive features are necessary to ensure reliable attachment of the metal pipe to the carrier and its easy rotation, with the least friction losses, as well as preventing the possibility of displacement of the large bearing to the right and the small one to the left, on which its right end part is mounted. In the proposed multiplier in the middle part of the large bearing cap of the cell, with the placement of an additional single-stage cylindrical gear inside the gears, a hole is made in which the sleeve with the right side is mounted, made in the form of a flange, with an inner diameter equal to the inner diameter of the metal pipe and by means of bolts rigidly attached to the wall of the cover, and between the left edge of the sleeve and the right end of the metal pipe there is an intermediate distance of less than 1 mm. The use of this sleeve serves to facilitate cable entry, for supplying electric current to a mechanism for automatically changing the angle of attack of the blades of a wind wheel, in accordance with a real change in wind speed, electromechanically, inside a metal pipe. The execution of the right part of the sleeve, in the form of a flange, is necessary for its reliable attachment to the wall of a large bearing cover, and it is thanks to this feature that it can be attached around the circumference of the hole made on a large bearing cover. The choice of equal diameters of the sleeve and the metal pipe serves to protect the cable surface from possible rubbing. Maintaining an intermediate distance of less than 1 mm between the left edge of the sleeve and the right end part of the metal pipe serves to prevent the end parts of the stationary sleeve and the rotating metal pipe from rubbing, as well as the ingress of dust, dirt, moisture, etc., into the interior of a large bearing cap in the form of a truncated cone. In addition, in the proposed multiplier due to the establishment, on the left side of the sun gear, an annular displacement limiter, by means of bolts around the entire circumference of the sun gear shaft attached to the surface of the left end of the shaft

- 6 034265 eliminates the possibility of displacement of this gear when it is in rotational motion. Thanks to the execution, from the left end part, on the inner wall of the sun gear shaft, of the circular recess and, the installation of an elastic ring in this place, the possibility of oil flowing by free drain into the oil pit, passing through the left side of the space around the metal pipe, is eliminated. In the multiplier, the sun gear shaft is attached to the left wall of the third housing section by means of two bearings concentrically located inside each other with a certain intermediate distance, the inner bearing being directly mounted on the sun gear shaft, and the right one is inserted into the intermediate space between the inner and outer bearings side of the carrier in the form of a cylindrical protrusion, which is simultaneously in contact with both the outer surface of the inner and inner surfaces the outer bearings, in addition, on the right side of the inner bearing on the sun gear shaft and on the right side of the outer bearing on the wall of the third section of the multiplier housing, restrictive parts are made in the form of a round protrusion, and on the right side of the carrier in the form of a cylindrical protrusion - a stepped part, right the end part of the sun gear shaft is mounted on bearing pairs mounted on the wall of the fourth section of the housing and sealed on the left bearing, on the left, and the right - on the right side, etc. why the left and right bearings from the side and intermediate parts are equipped with annular displacement limiters. These signs, first of all, are necessary for reliable fastening of the right side of the carrier in the form of a cylindrical protrusion made integrally with the input shaft and by means of a bearing attached to the wall of the first section of the multiplier housing, which simultaneously plays the role of a cover with a cylindrical configuration and a sun gear shaft, through an internal bearing connected to this side of the carrier, to the wall of the third section of the multiplier housing. In addition, due to the seating of the inner bearing on the shaft of the sun gear, and the right side of the carrier in the form of a cylindrical protrusion on the intermediate space between these bearings, with the condition of simultaneous contact with both the outer surface of the inner and the inner surface of the outer bearings, an easy, minimal loss of friction, rotation of the carrier and shaft of the sun gear, located in rotational movements with different speeds of rotation relative to each other. Due to the execution on the right side of the inner bearing on the sun gear shaft and on the right side of the outer bearing on the wall of the third section of the housing of the multiplier of the limiting parts in the form of a round protrusion, and on the right side of the carrier in the form of a cylindrical protrusion of the stepped part, the possibility of displacement of the inner and outer bearings, respectively to the right and left sides. Due to the landing of the right end part of the sun gear shaft on the bearing pairs mounted on the wall of the fourth section of the housing, this shaft is securely mounted on the housing, as well as its easy rotation with minimal friction losses. By sealing the left bearing on the left and the right on the right side, the possibility of excess oil flowing into the oil pit is excluded, passing through these bearings at the moments of their lubrication, the oil is forced to pass through the oil channel made on the wall of the sun gear shaft, from the intermediate part, between these bearings, provides lubrication of the bearing pair, with the second gear block being seated on the surfaces of the driven and driving gears, as well as the bearing concentrically located inside one another . By supplying the left and right bearings of the bearing pair, on which the right end part of the sun gear shaft is mounted, from the lateral and intermediate parts by annular displacement limiters, the possibility of mutual displacement of these bearings to each other and to the left and right sides in if they are in rotational motion. In addition, in the proposed multiplier, the upper part of the abutment wall of the carrier drove to the outer ring of the inner bearing, made with a slope in the direction from left to right, and the upper part of the abutment wall of the third section of the housing of the multiplier to the outer ring of the outer bearing - with a slope in the direction of right to left in the form of conical surfaces. Due to these distinguishing features, reliable lubrication is achieved by freely flowing oil through the oil channel made on the left side of the shaft wall of the sun gear, first passing through the conical surface with a slope from left to right of the inner bearing, and then passing through this bearing and the conical surface, with a slope from right to left of the outer bearing. In addition, in this multiplier, the second gear driven gear with the third gear drive wheel and the third gear driven gear with the fourth gear gear are made as a whole, i.e. in the form of block gears, the first gear block being mounted on an output shaft by means of a normal bearing pair, and the second gear block, by means of bearing pairs, with a left bearing sealed on the left and right on the right side on the multiplier sun gear shaft, These distinguishing features are necessary for the reliable linking of the gears of these block gears, as well as for providing their easy rotation with minimal friction loss. Thanks to these features, the design of the multiplier is simplified, the overall dimensions become compact, and its metal consumption and cost are reduced. By landing the second block of gears on the shaft of the sun gear through the use of a bearing pair, with the left bearing sealed

- 7 034265 with left and right - sealed on the right side, eliminates the possibility of free oil flow into the oil pit, passing through these bearings, oil, forced to pass through the oil channel made on the right side, enters the intermediate space on the wall of the sun gear shaft between the inner surface of the passage channel made inside this shaft and a metal pipe. Further, the oil, passing through the oil channels made in the middle and left sides of the shaft wall of the sun gear, provides reliable lubrication of the bearing pairs, with the gears of the first block of gear wheels planted on the surface, as well as bearings concentrically located inside one another. In the proposed multiplier, on those parts of the first and second block gears with which they are mounted on bearing pairs, annular restrictive parts are made in the form of a circular protrusion, a bearing pair with the first block of gears seated only on the right, and a bearing pair with a second block seated gears on both sides are provided with annular displacement limiters. Thanks to these distinguishing features, the possibility of displacement of these block gears, as well as the left and right bearings of both bearing pairs, on which they are seated in the left and right sides, and also in the opposite direction to each other, are eliminated. In the proposed multiplier, the implementation of the shaft of the sun gear, the output shaft and the shaft of the additional single-stage cylindrical gear in a step form with variable diameters is necessary to facilitate its disassembly and assembly processes, as well as to exclude the possibility of displacement of the sun gear and the inner bearing from two bearings concentrically located inside one another - to the right, the leading gear of the second stage with a cylindrical gear transmission and the left bearing of the bearing pair, with planting the right end part of the sun gear in the left, the left bearing from the bearings with the output shaft seated in the right, and the right in the left and the bearing with the right end part of the output shaft seated in the additional single-stage spur gear - in the left side. Other distinctive features of the proposed multiplier are that the oil-cooling device of the forced lubrication system consists of a fan, a heat exchanger made in the form of a coil and a radiator, which is installed on the output line of a mechanical oil pump. All these distinguishing features are necessary for good cooling of the oil, since the vetilator directly cools the coil through which the oil circulates. Due to the implementation of the pipe in the form of a coil and the use of a radiator, convective heat transfer occurs between the oil and the environment, which ensures sufficiently good cooling of the oil. The installation of an oil cooler at the outlet of a mechanical oil pump also serves to spray the oil to the desired location after it has cooled at the outlet. The connection of the input line of the oil pump through the oil transfer pipe with the lower part of the cylindrical body, which also plays the role of a trough for oil, serves to pump oil from the very place of the body located at the lowest part of it in level and circulation. The other part of the oil transfer pipe connected to the outlet of the oil pump has four main and one additional oil distribution tubes with a relatively smaller diameter, equipped with an oil spray nozzle, and the additional oil distribution pipe on the lower side is divided into two parts. All these distinguishing features are necessary to ensure reliable lubrication of the moving parts of the multiplier. In this multiplier, by introducing the free end of the first main oil distribution tube through the walls of the bearing cap installed in the left end part of the output shaft and attached to the third section of the multiplier housing, inward, and installing its oil spray nozzle at the beginning of the oil channel made in the center of this shaft, reliable lubrication of bearing pairs is achieved, on which the first block of gears of the multiplier with a cylindrical gear is mounted. In the same way, by introducing the free ends of the second, third and fourth main oil distribution tubes through the corresponding parts of the third section of the housing inward and installing their oil spray nozzles in the immediate vicinity of the engagement of the second, third and fourth stages of the gearbox with a cylindrical gear by the teeth of the driving and driven gears the transmission accordingly achieves a reliable forced lubrication of each of these gears. In addition, the free end of the first part of the additional oil distribution tube through the walls of the fourth section of the housing is inserted inside, and its oil spray nozzle is installed in the immediate vicinity of the gap between the left and right bearings of the bearing pair mounted on the right end part of the sun gear shaft and serving to support it on the wall the fourth section of the housing, the free end of the second part of this tube is introduced through an opening made on the upper wall of the large bearing cap of the cell with azmeschennoy inside, additional single-stage transmission cylindrical and its masloraspylitelnoe nozzle installed near the point of coupling teeth of the drive and driven gears this stage. Due to these distinctive features, reliable lubrication of bearing pairs is ensured, with the left bearing sealed on the left and the right on the right side, with the help of which the sun gear shaft is seated to the wall of the fourth section of the housing, as well as located on the cell made from the right end part , inside the shaft of the sun gear and on the right side of the sealed large bearing. Thanks to these features,

- 8 034265 reliable lubrication of the driving and driven gears of an additional single-stage spur gear. Due to the implementation, on the walls of the shaft of the sun gear and the output shaft, oil channels, reliable lubrication of bearings is provided, on the surface of which the driving and driven gears of the second, third and fourth stages of the multiplier with a cylindrical gear transmission are planted, and inside the shaft of the sun gear and the output shaft . Due to the execution of the oil drain channel on the wall of the sun gear shaft on the left side, first passing through the conical surface with a slope from left to right, then from right to left, the bearings are concentrically arranged inside one another, the sun gear shaft is planted on the inner bearing of which . The holes made in the upper part of the wall of the third sector of the multiplier housing serve to maintain pressure and temperature at all its stages in equality, and the holes made in the lower part to allow oil to flow, with free drain, from the third section of the housing, with placement inside steps with a cylindrical gear, into the oil pit. The execution in the lower part of the body, which plays the role of a trough for oil, of the outlet line with the valve is necessary to drain the used oil during current repair or forced oil change, and the connection of the lower part of the cell with the additional single-stage cylindrical gear located inside the oil pit through an oil drain - for the free flow of hot oil from this cell into the oil pit.

In FIG. 1 and 2 are top and side views, in section, respectively, in FIG. 3 and 4 are general views from above and from the side, respectively, in FIG. 5 is a rear view of the installed state of the tower of the wind power unit, and in FIG. 6 is a kinematic diagram of a four-stage multiplier for a wind power unit.

The steps of the multiplier are installed inside the four-section housing, consisting of the first

I, second 2, third 3 and fourth 4 sections. The first stage with a planetary gear consists of an input shaft 5, made with it as a unit of carrier 6, its fixed axles 7, located at angular distances of 120 °, relative to each other and bearing pairs 8, on which these axles 7 are mounted, satellites 9, mounted on the surface of the bearing pairs 8 (for simplicity, Fig. 1 shows only one of the axles 7 of the carrier 6, one bearing pair 8 and one satellite 9), a stationary central gear wheel 10, which is in internal engagement with the satellites 9, the sun gear

II, which is in external engagement with the satellites 9 and its shaft 12, at the same time playing the role of the drive shaft for the gear stages with a cylindrical gear, the output shaft 13, the drive 14 and the driven gear 15 of the second, driven 16 and driven 17 gears of the third, leading 18 and driven 19 gears of the fourth stage with a cylindrical gear, bearings 20 and 21, on which the left and right end parts of the output shaft 13, the mechanical oil pump 22, oil transfer pipes 23 and 24 are mounted, respectively connected to its 22 input and output lines, oil cooling device 25 and bearing caps 26 and 27, through which the input 5 and output 13 shafts pass, respectively. The input shaft 5 is seated on a bearing 28 mounted in a cell made on the wall of the first section 1 of the housing. The third section 3 of the body from the top, and the fourth 4 from the back are provided with windows for inspection 29 and 30, respectively. Axes 7 of carrier 6 are made in a cylindrical shape and the left sides of 7 are mounted on cells made on the left wall 31 of the carrier 6, and the right sides are on holes made on the right wall 32 of its carrier and by means of annular displacement limiters 33, which eliminate their displacements 7 to the right side, 32 are attached to it. To prevent the possibility of displacement of the bearing pair 8, inside of which axles 7 of carrier 6 are planted, the left bearing is on the left 34, and the right one on the right 35 is equipped with annular displacement limiters. And to prevent the possibility of displacement of the left and right bearings of this bearing pair 8 to each other, on the walls of the satellites 9, at the place of their seating to this bearing pair 8, restrictive parts 36 are made in the form of a circular protrusion. The first 1 and fourth 4 sections of the multiplier housing are made in the form of covers with round and rectangular configurations, respectively. The shaft 12 of the sun gear 11 is installed on the central part of the second 2 and third 3 sections of the multiplier housing, and the output shaft 13 is on the side of the third section 3. The left end part of the shaft 12 of the sun gear 11 is mounted on a bearing pair 37 mounted on the wall of the fourth section 4 housings, the left bearing of which is sealed on the left, and the right - on the right side. In addition, to prevent the right bearing of this bearing pair 37 from being displaced to the right side, this bearing is equipped with an annular displacement limiter 38 on the right side. To prevent the left and right bearings from being counter-displaced to each other, a limit ring 39 is installed in the intermediate part thereof. Shaft 12 the sun gear 11 with the sun gear 11 and the driving gear 14 of the second stage is connected by means of splined joints 40 and 41, respectively, and teeth are made on these parts. The driven gear wheel of the fourth stage 19 is attached to the output shaft 13 by the poster of the key 42. To actuate the shaft of the oil pump 22, the multiplier is equipped with an additional single-stage cylindrical gear transmission, which is installed inside the cell, made on the lower right side of the fourth section 4 of the housing and equipped with one large and one small bearing caps 43 and 44, respectively,

- 9 034265 and the inner part of the large bearing cover 43 is made in the form of a truncated cone 45 and the edges of this part 45 are seated on a small bearing 46, sealed on both sides, which is equipped with an annular displacement limiter 47 to prevent leftward displacement on this side. the wheel 48 of an additional single-stage cylindrical gear is mounted on the right end part of the shaft 12 of the sun gear 11 and attached to it, and the driven gear 49 of it, which is in engagement with this gear wheel 48, is seated on a shaft 50, with one end facing out through an opening made on a small cover 44 and connected to a mechanical oil pump 22, and by means of a key 51 is attached to this shaft 50, which is seated on bearings with its end parts 52 and 53, respectively, located in a cell made on the left wall of the large bearing cover 43 and in the inner part of the small bearing cover 44. To exclude the possibility of counter-movement of the driven gear 49 of this cylindrical gear On the other hand, on the part of the shaft 50 between this gear wheel 49 and the left bearing 52, a restrictive part 54 is made in the form of a circular protrusion. And to exclude the possibility of the driven gear 49 being displaced to the right between this wheel 49 and the right bearing 53, an annular displacement limiter 55 is installed. In the central part of the shaft 11 of the sun gear 11, a cylindrical passage channel 56 is made along the entire length, and this channel 56 is installed a metal pipe 57, with an intermediate distance of 5-10 mm around the entire circumference, the left end part 57 made in the form of a flange 58, which is rigidly attached to the carrier 6 by means of bolts. And the right end part of the metal pipe 57 о at the same time it is seated as mounted on a socket, made in the right end part of the shaft 12 of the sun gear 11 and sealed on the left side, and provided with an annular displacement limiter 59 on the right side, a large bearing 60, and also attached to the left extreme part in the form of a truncated cone 45 a large bearing cover 43 a small bearing 46. In the middle of the large bearing cover 43 a hole is made on which it is seated with a right side 61 made in the form of a flange and rigidly attached to the wall of this Ryshkov 43, sleeve 62, with an inner diameter equal to the metal tube 57, and between the left part of the sleeve 62 and the right edge portion of the metal pipe 57 is installed an intermediate distance of less than 1 mm. On the left side of the sun gear 11, an annular displacement limiter 63 is installed, which is bolted around the entire circumference to the surface of the left end of the shaft 12 of the sun gear 11. To exclude the possibility of free flow of oil into the oil pit 64 through the intermediate space between the cylindrical passage channel 56 and the metal a pipe 57, from the left end part, on the inner wall of the shaft 12 of the sun gear 11 is made circular indented part and in this place an elastic ring 65 is installed. The shaft 12 is solar the second gear 11 by means of two concentrically arranged one inside the other with a certain intermediate distance of the two bearings 66 and 67, is attached to the left wall of the third section 3 of the housing, the inner bearing 66 is directly mounted on the shaft 12 of the sun gear 11 and to prevent the possibility of displacement it to the right side, on this side, a stepped part 68 is made on the shaft 12 of the sun gear 11. And to exclude the possibility of displacement of the inner 66 and outer 67 bearings to the left side, the right side 69 drove 6 in the form of a cylindrical protrusion made in a stepped form. To exclude the possibility of displacement of the outer bearing 67 to the right side on the wall of the third section 3 of the multiplier, a restrictive part 70 is made in the form of a circular protrusion. The right part of the carrier 6 in the form of a cylindrical protrusion 69 is seated on an intermediate space between the inner 66 and the outer 67 bearings, which is in contact simultaneously with the outer surface of the inner 66 and the inner surface of the outer 67 bearings. The upper part of the stop of the right side 69 of the carrier 6 in the form of a cylindrical protrusion to the outer ring of the inner bearing 66 is made with a slope in the direction from left to right, and the upper part of the stop of the wall of the third section 3 of the multiplier to the outer ring of the outer bearing 67 is with a slope in the direction of the right to the left, in the form of conical surfaces 71 and 72, respectively. The second stage driven gear 15 with the third stage driving gear 16 and the third stage driven gear 17 with the fourth stage driving gear 18 are integrally formed, i.e. in the form of the first and second blocks of gears. The driven 15 and driving 16 gears of the first gear block are mounted on the output shaft 13 of the multiplier by means of a conventional bearing pair 73, and the driven gear 17 and driving gear 18 of the second gear block are supported by a bearing pair 74 with a left bearing sealed with left and right - on the right side, on the shaft 12 of the sun gear 11. To prevent the possibility of displacement of the first and second blocks of gears 15, 16 and 17, 18 respectively to the left and right sides, and the bearing pairs 73 and 74 on which they are mounted, counter to each other, at the place of landing of these blocks of gears 15, 16 and 17, 18 on the respective bearing pairs 73 and 74, restrictive elements 75 and 76 are made in the form of a circular protrusion. To exclude the possibility of the first bearing pair 73 being displaced to the left side on this side, a stepped part 77 is made on the wall of the output shaft 13. In addition, the first bearing pair 73 is equipped with an annular displacement limiter 78 on the right side, which also simultaneously performs

- 10 034265 the function of preventing the possibility of displacement of the driven gear 19 of the fourth stage of the multiplier with a cylindrical gear to the left side. To prevent the possibility of the fourth stage driven wheel 19 being displaced to the right side between the bearing 21, with the right end part of the output shaft 13 being seated, and an annular displacement limiter 78 is installed with this gear wheel 19. And the second bearing pair 74 is both left and the right side is equipped with an annular displacement limiter, 80 and 81, respectively. The bearing 20 with the landing of the left end part of the output shaft 13 on the right, and the bearing 21 with the landing of the right end part of the output shaft 13 on the left side ized. Moreover, to prevent the left bearing 20 from being displaced to the left side on the wall of the third section 3 of the housing, the restrictive part is made in the form of a round protrusion 82. For connecting the electric generator (not shown in the figures) to the shaft, the right end part of the output shaft 13 through an opening made in the central part of the bearing cover 27, attached to the right side of the fourth section 4 of the housing, brought out. To facilitate the dismantling and assembly processes of the multiplier, as well as to eliminate the possibility of shifting the sun gear 11 to the right of the second gear gear 14 with a cylindrical gear and the left bearing of the bearing pair 37, with the right end part of the shaft 12 of the sun gear 11 being seated in the left, left bearing 20 of bearings with seating of output shaft 13 to the right, and right 21 to left and bearing 53 with seating of the right end part of output shaft 50 of an additional single-stage qi indricheskoy transmission to the left side shaft 12 of the sun gear 11, the output shaft 13 of the multiplier 50 and the shaft further single-stage transmission cylindrical formed in a stepped shape with variable diameters. An oil-cooling device 26 of the forced lubrication system, consisting of a vetilator 83, a heat exchanger 84, made in the form of a coil and a radiator 85, is connected to an oil transfer pipe 24 connected to the output line of the oil pump 22. And the oil transfer pipe 23 connected to the input line of the oil pump 22, connected with the lower part of the body with a cylindrical configuration 64, which plays the role of a cauldron for oil. Another part of the oil transfer pipe 24, connected to the output of the oil pump 22, has four main 86, 87, 88 and 89 and one additional 90 - with a relatively smaller diameter, oil distribution tubes. The additional oil distribution pipe 90 from the lower side is divided into two parts 91 and 92. Both the main 86, 87, 88 and 89, and both parts 91 and 92 of the additional pipe 90, are equipped with oil spray nozzles 93, 94, 95, 96, 97 and 98 respectively. The free end of the first main oil distribution tube 86, through the walls of the bearing cover 99, installed in the left end part of the output shaft 13 and attached to the third section 3 of the multiplier housing, is inserted inside, and its oil spray nozzle 93 is installed at the beginning of the oil channel 100, made in the Central part this shaft 13. The free ends of the second 87, third 88 and fourth 89 of the main oil distribution tubes through the corresponding parts of the third section 3 of the housing are introduced inside, and the oil spray nozzles 94, 9 5, 96 of them are installed in the immediate vicinity of the clutch teeth of the leading 14, 16, 18 and driven 15, 17, 19 gears of the second, third and fourth stages of the multiplier with a cylindrical gear, respectively. The free end of the first part 91 of the additional oil distribution tube 90 through the walls of the fourth section 4 of the housing is inserted inside, and the oil spray nozzle 97 is installed in the immediate vicinity of the gap between the left and right bearings of the bearing pair 37, which are seated on the right end part of the shaft 12 of the sun gear and are used for maintaining it 12 on the wall of the fourth section 4 of the housing. The free end of the second part 92 of this tube 90 is introduced through an opening made on the upper wall of the large bearing cover 43 of the cell with an additional single-stage cylindrical gear located inside, and its oil spray nozzle 98 is installed near the point of adhesion of the gears of the driving 48 and driven 49 gears of this stage. In addition, on the walls of the shaft 12 of the sun gear 11 and the output shaft 13, oil channels are made, 101, 102 and 103, respectively, on the left side, on the wall of the shaft 12 of the sun gear 11, the oil drain channel 104, on the lower and upper part of the left wall of the third section 3 housing holes, respectively 105 and 106, and in the lower part of the housing, which plays the role of a trough for oil 64, the output line 107, with a valve for draining the oil. The lower part of the cell with placed, inside, an additional single-stage cylindrical gear, through the oil drain 108, is connected with the oil pit.

A four-stage multiplier for a wind power unit operates as follows.

In the absence of wind, or when the wind speed is lower than the working speed, the rotary motion is not transmitted from the axis of the wind wheel (not shown in the figures) to the input shaft 5 of the multiplier and to the carrier 6, made with it as a whole. Therefore, the axles 7 of carrier 6 and satellites 9, mounted on them by means of a bearing pair 8 (due to the arrangement at angular distances of 120 °, relative to each other, only one of the axles 7 of carrier 6 and satellites 9 is visible in the figures), located in the outer the sun gear 11 and the shaft 12 connected to it 11 by engagement with them 9 via a splined joint 40, (the sun gear shaft 12 12), again connected with it 12, by means of a spline connection 41, a second stage drive wheel 14 with a cylindrical gear , bucket

- 11 034265 gears and driving gears of the first and second gear blocks 15, 16 and 17, 18, respectively, a driven gear wheel of the fourth stage and an output shaft 13 attached to its surface by means of a key 42, a drive 48 and a driven gear 49 of an additional single-stage the gears and the output shaft 50, attached to the driven wheel 49, by means of a key 51, and one end connected to the mechanical oil pump 22, are stationary. As a result of this, the operation of the electric generator (not shown in the figures) and the mechanical oil pump 22 of the forced lubrication system are stopped. As soon as the wind speed reaches the minimum operating speed necessary for the operation of the wind power unit, it is included in the work and from the axis of the wind wheel to the input shaft 5 of the multiplier and to the carrier 6, made with it as a whole, the rotational movement is transmitted. Due to the landing of the left end parts of the axes 7, I drove 6 into the cells made on the left wall 31 of its body, and the right end parts into the holes made on the right wall 32 of the body and, by means of annular displacement limiters 33, fastening them to the right wall, the entry of carrier 6 into rotational motion, axis 7 also begins to rotate with it. Moreover, since the satellites 9, mounted on the surfaces of the axles 7 of the carrier 6, by means of the bearing pair 8, are in internal engagement by the teeth with the stationary central gear wheel 10, they begin the forced rotation and this rotational movement is transmitted to the sun gear 11, with which in outer grip by teeth. Next, the rotational movement from the sun gear 11 is transmitted to the shaft 12, rigidly connected with it through a spline connection 40 and at the same time acting as a drive shaft for the gears with a cylindrical gear (shaft 12 of the sun gear 11) and from there, sequentially to the second gear 14 gear stage with a cylindrical gear, again, by means of a spline connection 41, rigidly connected to the shaft 12 of the sun gear 11, from there to the driven 15 and the drive gear 16 the first gear unit, the driven gear 17 and the driving gear 18 of the second gear unit, and finally to the driven gear 19 of the fourth stage of the multiplier with a cylindrical gear, and from this gear wheel 19 onto, rigidly connected to it by means of a key 42, output shaft 13, which is connected to the shaft of an electric generator (not shown in the figures). Thus, the rotational movement from the output shaft 13 is transmitted to the shaft of the electric generator, and the generator is turned on. In all cases, when the wind speed is higher than the minimum operating speed, when the wind wheel rotates, the rotational movement from the shaft 12 of the sun gear 11 is also transmitted sequentially to the drive gear 48 of an additional single-stage gear transmission, on the right side directly attached to the outer surface of this shaft 12, s of this gear 48 to the driven gear 49 in engagement by the teeth 48 therefrom, and from this gear 49 to the shaft 50, by means of a key 51 rigidly attached thereto, and d Further from this shaft 50 to the shaft of the mechanical oil pump 22 (not shown in the figures). Thus, the operation of the mechanical oil pump 22 is ensured. The rotational movement of the input shaft 5 of the multiplier and the carrier 6 made with it as a whole is ensured by the bearing 28 and two bearings 66 and 67 concentrically located one 66 inside the other 67, the rotational movement of the satellites 9 by bearing pair 8, the rotational movement of the shaft 12 of the sun gear 11 - by means of an internal bearing 66 from concentrically arranged one 66 inside the other 67 bearings and bearing pair 37 , the rotational movement of the metal pipe 57, by means of large and small bearings, respectively 60 and 46, the rotational movement of the driven gear 15 of the second and the leading gears 16 of the third stage, with a cylindrical gear (the first block of gears) by means of a bearing pair 73, rotational the movement of the driven gear 17 of the third and driving gear 18 of the fourth stage (second gear block), by means of a bearing pair 74, the rotational movement of the output shaft 13 m bearings 20 and 21, and the rotational movement of the shaft 50 more cylindrical single-stage transmission by means of bearings 52 and 53. The forced lubrication system to the proposed multiplier operates as follows. If the mechanical oil pump 22 is turned on, from an additional single-stage cylindrical transmission at wind speeds above the minimum operating speed, by means of an oil transfer pipe 23 connected to the input line of this pump 22, oil from the bottom of the multiplier case 64 with a cylindrical configuration playing the role of a foundation pit for oil, is sucked off and passing through an oil cooling device 25, consisting of an oil transfer pipe 24 connected to the output line of the oil pump 22, fan 83, t a heat exchanger 84, made in the form of a coil and a radiator 85, as well as the main 86, 87, 88, 89, and on the lower side divided into two parts 91 and 92, an additional 90 oil distribution tubes and their oil spray nozzles, respectively 93, 94, 95, 96, 97 and 98, forced to circulate. Since the oil spray nozzle 93 of the first main oil distribution tube 86 is installed at the beginning of the oil channel 100, made on the left side, in the center of the output shaft 13, this ensures reliable lubrication of both bearings of the bearing pair 73, on which the driven gear 15 of the second and made with him as a single unit, the leading gear 16 of the third stage (the first block of gears) of the multiplier.

- 12 034265

In the same way, due to the location of the oil spray nozzles 94, 95 and 96 of the second 87, third 88 and fourth 89 main low distribution tubes, respectively, in close proximity to the clutch locations of the driving 14 and driven 15 gears of the second, driving 16 and driven 17 gears of the third and the leading 18 and the driven 19 gears of the fourth stage, with a cylindrical gear transmission, reliable forced lubrication of each of these gears is achieved. In addition, due to the installation of the oil spray nozzle 97 of the first part 91 of the additional oil distribution tube 90 in the immediate vicinity of the gap between the left and right bearings of the bearing pair 37, with the left bearing sealed on the left and the right on the right side, on which the right end part of the shaft 12 of the sun gear 11, reliable lubrication is achieved for both bearings of this bearing pair 37, as well as the bearing 60, sealed only on the right side and located in the cell, made d, on the right side, inside the shaft 12 of the sun gear 11, on which the metal pipe 57 is mounted. By sealing the left bearing of this bearing pair 37 on the left, and the right on the right side, on which the shaft 12 of the sun gear 11 is seated, when lubricated bearings of this bearing pair 37 excludes the possibility of free flow of oil passing through them into the oil pit 64, and excess oil, forced to pass through the oil channel 101, made on the wall of the shaft 12 of the sun gear 11, from the intermediate part of the left and right bearings The bearings of the pair of bearings 37 enter the intermediate space between the inner surface of this shaft 12 and the outer surface of the metal pipe 57. Due to the tightness of only the right side of the large bearing 60, on which the right side of the metal pipe 57 is seated, the possibility of oil flow through this bearing 60, into the intermediate space, on the extreme right side, between the inner surface of the shaft 12 of the sun gear 11 and the outer surface of the metal pipe 57. Ultimately, the oil is only for the part located to the left of bearing 60, through the intermediate space between the inner surface of the shaft 12, sun gear 11 and the outer surface of the metal tube 57, forced moves to the left. Further, the lubricating oil, passing through the oil channel 102, made on the wall of the shaft 12 of the sun gear 11, from the intermediate part of the left and right bearings of the bearing pair 74, with the left bearing sealed on the left and the right on the right side, on which the driven gear the second wheel 17 and the driving gear 18 of the third stage of the multiplator with a cylindrical gear (second block of gears), provides reliable lubrication of both bearings of this bearing pair 74. In addition, it is forced to move the oil flowing through this intermediate space, then sequentially passing through the oil channel 104, made, on the left side, on the wall of the shaft 12 of the sun gear 11, a conical surface, with a slope in the direction from left to right 71 and a conical surface, with a slope in the direction from right to left 72 provides reliable lubrication concentrically disposing one 66 inside another 67 bearings. By installing the oil spray nozzle 98 of the second part 92 of the additional oil distribution tube 90, near the point of engagement of the teeth of the driving 48 and the driven 49 gears of the additional single-stage cylindrical gear, reliable lubrication of each of these gears 48 and 49 is provided. A bearings 52 and 53, on which the left and right end parts of the shaft 50 of the driven wheel 49 of this stage are planted, due to oil spraying, when the driving 48 and driven 49 gears are in rotational motion, with high reliability New Years are greased. From the bottom of the cell, with the placement of gears inside this drive gear 48 and driven gear 49, the used hot oil flows freely through the oil drain pipe 108 into the oil pit 64. Lubricate the bearings of the bearing pairs 8, inside of which axles 7 are driven 6, and outside satellites 9, occurs due to the free flow of oil to them, which, when in rotational motion, satellites 9, at the moments of passage along the bottom of the housing of the multiplier 64, which plays the role of a pit for oil, are mechanically taken from oh, and thanks to this process, the bearings of these bearing pairs 8 are lubricated with sufficiently high reliability. The bearing 28, on which the input shaft 5 is fitted, is a bearing of the type filled with thick lubricating oil and one-sided sealed (in this case, in Figs. 1 and 2, the right side is sealed) in the manufacturing process by the manufacturer. Therefore, there is no need to lubricate this bearing 28 in the working process using a forced lubrication system. For this reason, the proposed multiplier forced lubrication of this bearing 28 is not provided. Only, after a certain time, opening the bearing cover 26 mounted on the wall of the first section 1 of the housing through which the input shaft 5 passes, lubricate this bearing 28. Of the bearings 20 and 21, on which the end parts of the output shaft 13 are mounted, the left bearing 20 s right, and right 21 - on the left side are sealed. Since the right bearing 21 is also produced, by the manufacturer, in a filled form with thick lubricating oil, then, in this case, there is no need for forced lubrication of it 21, and after a while, opening the bearing cover 27 mounted on the wall of the fourth section 4 of the housing, along which the output shaft 13 of the multiplier passes, this bearing 21 can be lubricated. And the left bearing 20 by spraying oil under pressure from the oil spray nozzle 93 of the first main oil distribution

- 13 034265 of the tube 86 installed at the beginning of the oil channel 100, made in the Central part of the output shaft 13, is reliably lubricated. Due to the execution of the right side of this bearing 20 in a hermetic form, the possibility of free oil flow is excluded, through this bearing 20 into pit 64, and the oil is forced to pass only through oil channels made in the center 100 and on the wall 103 of the output shaft 13, with the necessary pressure is sprayed into the gap between the left and right bearings of the bearing pair 73, inside of which the output shaft 13 is planted, and on the circumference the driven gear 15 is second and made with it as a single driving gear 16 of the third fines multiplier with a cylindrical gear (the first block of gears). Thus, the proposed four-stage multiplier for a wind electric unit, with a total gear ratio of 90-120 and gear ratios, of each of the stages with a cylindrical gear transmission - not more than 3, with a change in the operating wind speed in a wide interval, can increase the minimum rotation speed obtained from a wind wheel (20-30 rpm), on the output shaft 13, to the required limit for the electric generator to operate in normal operating mode (up to the limit of 1500-1800 rpm). When working with such gear ratios, the gears of the first stage with a planetary gear, as well as of the second, third and fourth stages with a cylindrical gear, operate under small loads, due to which their service life is significantly increased.

In general, due to the improvement of the design in the proposed four-stage multiplier for the wind power unit, the number of parts used is reduced, which in turn leads to a reduction in friction losses, metal consumption and overall dimensions, to excess efficiency and reliability, as well as a significant reduction in cost. In comparison with the conventional four-stage multipliers performed by the classical method, the proposed four-stage multiplier has significantly longer uptime. Thanks to the installation of the output shaft 13 in the extreme part of the multiplier housing, it is possible to freely pass the supply cable or hydraulic pipe, a system for automatically changing the angles of attack of the blades of the wind turbine, in accordance with the change in wind speed through the pipe 57 installed in the inner space of the shaft 12 of the sun gear 11 The use in the proposed multiplier of the most advanced forced lubrication system leads to a significant increase in its service life Static preparation units and enables the friction losses minimized. In connection with a successful constructive solution, the overall dimensions of the multiplier are compact. Reducing overall dimensions and weight greatly facilitates its transportation and leads to lower transportation costs.

Given these advantages, one can come to the conclusion that the proposed four-stage multiplier for a wind power unit can be widely used in high-power wind power units designed to generate electrical energy.

Literature

1. United States Patent Office. Frederick H. Hoge, Duplex drive gear speed reducers, and the like. Oak Park, Ill., Assignor, by mesne assignments, to Hewitt Robins Incorporated, Stamford, Conn., A corporation of New York. Patented mar. 11, 1958. Patent No. 2,826,096. Application June 1, 1955, Serial No. 512,417.

2. Shuichi Isayama, Tokyo (JP); Hideaki Nishida, Tokyo (JP). PLANETARY GEAR UNIT AND WIND TURBINE GENERATOR. United States Patent No. US 8,790,213 Bl. Int.Cl. F16H 57/08; U.S. C1. 475/346, 475/331. Date of Patent: Jul. 29, 2014.- prototype.

Claims (10)

1. A four-stage multiplier for a wind power unit, consisting of a housing installed inside it of the first stage with a planetary gear, comprising a carrier unit with axles located at equal angular distances relative to each other and equipped with oil distribution channels, mounted as a unit with the input shaft satellites mounted on these axes by means of a bearing and a central wheel with internal gearing of teeth with them, a sun gear with external gearing teeth with satellites, and its shaft, and other stages with a cylindrical gear transmission contain driving and driven wheels and their shafts, bearings on which these shafts are mounted, and corresponding bearing caps, characterized in that the housing consists of four sections that are attached to each other to each other by means of gaskets and bolts, while the third section from the top and the fourth from the back are equipped with inspection windows made in the form of small covers, the first stage satellites with planetary gear are mounted on bearing pairs, and the axles of the carrier are made in the form of a cylinder and are fitted to these bearing pairs, with the left end parts of the axles of the carrier mounted on cells made in the left wall of its housing, and the right end parts in holes made in the right wall of the same housing and by means of annular displacement limiters - 14 034265 the possibility of horizontal movement, and the bolts are attached to them, in addition, the left bearings of the bearing pairs on which the axles of the carrier are mounted on the left, and the right - on the right side are equipped with annular displacement limiters, gears of the second, third and fourth stages mounted on two shafts, one of which is located in the central and the other in the side of the third section of the multiplier housing, and the shaft located in the central part by means of a splined connection is connected to the sun gear and the leading gear wheel of the second stage, teeth are made on these parts, and this shaft plays the role of a shaft for the sun gear, and the shaft located on the lateral side plays the role of the output shaft, and the driven wheel of the fourth stage is attached with a key to the output shaft, the multiplier is also equipped with a system for forced lubrication, consisting of a mechanical oil pump, oil cooler, oil transfer pipes and oil distribution channels, in addition, to bring the pump for pumping oil into rotational motion The ator is also equipped with an additional single-stage cylindrical gear transmission, which is located inside the cell, made in the lower right side of the fourth section of the housing and equipped with two-one large and one small bearing caps, the inside of the large bearing cap made in the form of a truncated cone and the edges of this part are planted on a small bearing sealed on both sides, which is equipped with an annular spring displacement limiter on the left side, the drive gear An integral single-stage cylindrical gear drive is directly mounted on the right end part of the sun gear shaft and attached to them, and its driven wheel, which is in engagement with this gear wheel, is mounted and, by means of a key, is attached to the shaft with one end facing out for communication with a mechanical oil a pump and with end parts seated on the left and right bearings mounted respectively in cells made on the left wall of the large and in the inner part of the small bearing roof , Wherein on the shaft portion between the driven gear and the left bearing portion is formed as a restrictive annular projection, and an intermediate portion between the driven gear and the right bearing is provided with a displacement limiter ring. 2. The multiplier according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and fourth sections of the housing are respectively made in the form of round and rectangular covers. 3. The multiplier according to claim 1, characterized in that in the Central part of the shaft of the sun gear, along the entire length, a cylindrical passage channel is made and a metal pipe is installed in this channel with an intermediate distance of 5-40 mm along the entire circumference, the left end part of which it is made in the form of a flange and by means of bolts is rigidly attached to the carrier, and its right end part is simultaneously mounted as mounted on a socket made in the right end part of the sun gear shaft, sealed on the left side and one hundred on the right ones provided with an annular bearing large displacement limiter, as well as attached to the left end portion of the frustoconical small large bearing cap bearing. 4. The multiplier according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that in the middle part of the large bearing cover of the cell with the placement of an additional single-stage cylindrical gear inside the gears, a hole is made in which a sleeve is fitted with the right side made in the form of a flange with an inner diameter equal to the inner diameter of the metal pipe, and by means of bolts rigidly attached to the wall of the cover, and between the left edge of the sleeve and the right end of the metal pipe there is an intermediate distance of less than 1 mm 5. The multiplier according to paragraphs. 1 and 3, characterized in that on the left side of the sun gear there is an annular displacement limiter, bolted around the entire circumference to the surface of the left end of the sun gear shaft, and a circular recess is made on the inner wall of the sun gear shaft from the left end part, where it is installed elastic ring. 6. The multiplier according to claims 1, 3 and 5, characterized in that the sun gear shaft is attached to the left wall of the third section of the housing by means of two bearings concentrically located inside one another with a certain intermediate distance, the inner bearing being directly mounted on the sun gear shaft and the right side of the carrier is inserted into the intermediate space between the inner and outer bearings in the form of a cylindrical protrusion, which is simultaneously in contact with the outer surface of the inner On the inner and outer surfaces of the outer bearings, in addition, on the shaft of the sun gear and on the right side of the outer bearing on the wall of the third section of the multiplier housing, restrictive parts are made in the form of a round protrusion, and on the right side they drove in the form of a cylindrical protrusions - a stepped part, the right end part of the sun gear shaft is mounted on bearing pairs mounted on the wall of the fourth section of the housing and sealed on the left bearing, with the left , and the right - on the right side, and the left and right bearings from the side and intermediate parts are equipped with annular displacement limiters. 7. The multiplier according to claims 4 and 6, characterized in that the upper part of the stop surface of the carrier drove the outer ring of the inner bearing made with a slope in the direction from left to right, and the upper part of the stop point of the wall of the third section of the multiplier housing to the outer ring of the outer - 15 034265 bearings - with a slope in the direction from right to left, in the form of conical surfaces. 8. The multiplier according to claim 1, characterized in that the second gear driven gear with the third gear drive wheel and the third gear driven gear with the fourth gear gear are made as a whole, i.e. in the form of the first and second gear units, the first gear unit using conventional bearing pairs seated on the output shaft, and the second gear unit by means of a bearing pair with a left bearing sealed on the left and right on the right side on the shaft of the sun gear of the multiplier In addition, on those parts of these block gears with which they are mounted on bearing pairs, annular restrictive parts are made in the form of a circular protrusion, a bearing pair with seating of the first block and the gears are only on the right, and the bearing pair with the second gear block being seated on both sides is equipped with annular displacement limiters. 9. The multiplier according to claims 1, 3, 5, 6 and 8, characterized in that the sun gear shaft, the output shaft of the multiplier and the output shaft of the additional single-stage cylindrical gear are made in step form with variable diameters. 10. The multiplier according to claim 1, characterized in that the oil-cooling device of the forced lubrication system consists of a fan, a heat exchanger made in the form of a coil and a radiator, and is installed on the output line of a mechanical oil pump, the input line of the oil pump is connected to the lower part by an oil transfer pipe cylindrical body, which also plays the role of a trough for oil, the other part of the oil transfer pipe connected to the output of the oil pump has four main and one additional - with with a smaller diameter, oil distribution tubes equipped with an oil spray nozzle, the additional oil distribution tube on the lower side is divided into two parts, the free end of the first main oil distribution tube through the walls of the bearing cap installed in the left end part of the output shaft and attached to the third section of the multiplier housing is inserted inside , and its oil spray nozzle is installed at the beginning of the oil channel, made in the center of this shaft, the free ends of the second the second, third and fourth main oil distribution tubes through the corresponding parts of the third section of the housing are inserted inward, and their oil spray nozzles are installed in the immediate vicinity of the engagement of the second, third and fourth stages of the multiplier with a cylindrical gear, respectively, by the teeth of the driving and driven gears, the free end of the first part an additional oil distribution tube through the walls of the fourth section of the housing is inserted inside, and its oil spray nozzle is installed o in the immediate vicinity of the gap between the left and right bearings of the bearing pair, which are seated to the right end part of the shaft of the sun gear and serve to support it on the wall of the fourth section of the housing, the free end of the second part of this tube is introduced through an opening made on the upper wall of the large bearing cover of the cell with an additional single-stage cylindrical gear located inside, and its oil spray nozzle is installed near the point of adhesion by the teeth of the leading and driven gears x wheels of this stage, in addition, oil channels are made on the walls of the sun gear shaft and the output shaft, on the left side, on the sun gear shaft wall the oil drain channel, on the lower and upper parts of the left wall of the third section of the opening housing, in the lower part of the housing playing the role of the oil trough, the outlet line with a valve for draining the oil, and the lower part of the cell with an additional single-stage cylindrical transmission inside, is connected via an oil drain to the oil pit.