EA033904B1 - Method for reduction of hydraulic losses in pipelines - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to hydrodynamics and is intended for lowering the hydraulic losses in pressure pipelines of hydroelectric power stations and pipelines for transportation of different liquids and gas and also in the ore mining for transportation of ore in the form of pulp. The essence of the invention is the following: the method for lowering hydraulic losses in pipelines comprising pulsation-induced vibrations is based on generation of pulsation-induced vibrations periodically along the length of the pipeline and concentrically along its diameter to the flow center and/or supplemented with operations for creation of spiral liquid flows in the region of its contact with pipeline walls and/or provision of running standing waves along the flow direction, wherein at least three spiral liquid flows are generated in the form of concentrated vortexes, and the running standing wave being provided due to generation of opposite pulses of vibrations with different frequency and parameters of concentric vibrations being selected depending on liquid properties and pipeline diameter.

Description

The invention relates to hydrodynamics and is intended to reduce hydraulic losses in pressure pipelines of hydropower stations and in pipelines for transporting various liquids and gas.

A known method of reducing hydrodynamic friction, including the application of external force to the boundary layer of liquid or gas washing the surface of a solid, the boundary layer being exposed to an alternating electromagnetic field (RF Patent No. 2133891. Method of reducing hydrodynamic friction, published on July 27, 1999). The field frequency is chosen equal to the natural vibration frequency of the liquid or gas molecules, and the field begins to be affected by the field in the range corresponding to the Kerr effect (from 10 ⁹ to 10 ¹³ Hz), changing the frequency until a decrease in friction occurs.

There is also known a method of reducing hydrodynamic resistance (RF Patent No. 2276035. A method of reducing hydrodynamic resistance, publ. 10.05.2006), in which bending and longitudinal elastic vibrations of the same frequency with a phase difference of π / 4 are excited in contact with the liquid surface of the vehicle or pipeline while longitudinal vibrations excite parallel to the movement of the vehicle in water or fluid flow in the pipeline, and the hydrodynamic drag is reduced in ultra sound region of frequencies.

The disadvantage of analogues is the insufficient efficiency of reducing hydraulic friction in the pipes.

The closest analogue, that is, the prototype, is a method for reducing negative turbulent viscosity (Vysotsky LI, Vysotsky IS A method for reducing negative turbulent viscosity. RF Patent No. 2424450, publ. 20.07. 2011) in longitudinally uniform turbulent fluid flows or gas near the smooth walls of the pipeline or channel, which consists in the fact that impulse oscillations are applied to the walls of the pipeline or channel, directed along the normal to the contact surface of the flow with the walls of the pipeline or channel, while studies are imposed from the condition of increasing the second one-point statistical moment, while the oscillations are superimposed with a frequency from 10 to 100 Hz, and the pulsed oscillations are mechanical or acoustic or electromagnetic vibrations.

The disadvantage of the prototype is also the lack of effectiveness in reducing hydraulic friction and its limited use.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of reducing hydraulic losses.

This goal is achieved in that a method of reducing hydraulic losses in pipelines containing pulsed vibrations is based on the fact that pulsed vibrations are generated periodically along the length of the pipeline and concentrically in diameter to the center of the stream and / or supplemented with operations for creating helical fluid flows in the area of its contact with the walls of the pipeline and / or providing running standing waves along the flow direction, at least three helical fluid flows are created in the form of vortex cords, standing standing in LDF is achieved by creating opposing vibration pulses with different frequencies, and the parameters of concentric vibration is selected depending on the fluid properties and pipe diameters.

Due to the fact that pulsed vibrations in the fluid flow in the pipeline are created concentrically along its diameter to the center of the flow, interference focusing of waves in the center of the flow is ensured. Under optimal conditions, this leads to an increase in the amplitude of ring concentric waves. Since the fluid has a directed velocity gradient, the central fluid flow will receive acceleration pulses. The periodic creation of such acceleration pulses along the length of the pipeline will ultimately lead to stabilization of the natural vortex fluid flow in the pipe, an increase in the flow velocity, a decrease in chaotic turbulent flows, and, as a result, a decrease in hydraulic resistances and an increase in the throughput of the pipeline.

Adding the method to the operation of periodically creating helical fluid flows in the area of its contact with the walls of the pipeline will allow creating an intermediate fluid flow that runs around the pipe walls, which will serve as a natural liquid rolling bearing between the walls of the pipeline and the central fluid flow. This will lead to a decrease in turbulence and, accordingly, to a decrease in hydraulic losses. In addition, rotating peripheral fluid flows will accelerate the internal fluid flow due to centripetal screw power impulses, giving it a vortex laminar motion, in which hydraulic losses are minimized.

The physical nature of the third feature of the invention is as follows. If to meet each other in a material environment from two sources of vibration that create oscillations, for example according to a sinusoidal law, create waves at the same frequency, then a standing wave will appear in the medium. If the oscillation frequency of one of the sources is changed, then the standing wave will turn into a traveling wave, that is, it will move from one source to another. The medium will begin to move in the opposite direction. Thus, if a standing traveling wave is provided along the pipeline, then the water in the pipeline will move in accordance with the parameters of this wave.

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Thus, the practical use of the noted features of the invention both individually and in combination allows us to achieve the objectives of the invention, that is, significantly reduce hydraulic fluid loss during transportation in pipelines.

A method of reducing hydraulic losses in pipelines is carried out by the following images.

Concentric vibrations are created in pipelines by known devices for generating concentric vibrations, for example, based on the inverse piezoelectric effect, directed towards the center of the fluid flow. Due to interference focusing, the amplitude and frequency of the wave increase, which leads to an acceleration of the axial fluid flow. After a certain distance, similar concentric vibrations are created and the fluid receives an additional impulse of acceleration and so on.

Using special guides or a design of the inner surface of the pipeline, helical fluid flows are provided in the area of its contact with the walls of the pipeline. This creates an intermediate fluid flow around the pipe wall, which will serve as a natural liquid rolling bearing between the pipe walls and the central fluid stream. The latter at the same time receives power pulses in the helical direction, accelerates and forms into a laminar vortex flow. In this case, turbulent chaotic flows are eliminated and, as a result, hydraulic drags are reduced.

Using special vibrators or using concentric vibrators with an additional function, a traveling standing wave is created in separate sections of the pipeline or along its entire length, which provides additional fluid movement through the pipeline. Since in this case the fluid motion will be subordinate to the parameters of the traveling standing wave, then at their optimal values, the hydraulic losses will decrease.

For various technological needs of water supply systems, the described features of the invention can be used separately or in combination combinations. For example, for pressure spillways through pipes for hydropower plants, where the water movement is provided by a height difference, only the operation of creating helical fluid flows in the area of its contact with the walls of the pipeline is required to increase the efficiency of converting water energy into mechanical rotation of the turbine rotor.

The joint use of these features of the invention can be used for transporting various liquids (water, oil, technological and aggressive liquids), pulp and ore in the mining industry with significant energy savings by reducing hydraulic losses and reducing costs for additional pumping stations.

Claims (6)

CLAIM 1. A method of reducing hydraulic losses in pipelines, containing pulsed vibrations, characterized in that the pulsed vibrations are generated periodically along the length of the pipeline and concentrically along its diameter to the center of the stream. 2. A method of reducing hydraulic losses in pipelines, containing pulsed vibrations, characterized in that it is supplemented by the operations of creating helical fluid flows in the area of its contact with the walls of the pipeline, which are created using guides or structural design of the inner surface of the pipeline. 3. A method of reducing hydraulic losses in pipelines, containing pulsed vibrations, characterized in that it is supplemented by the operation of providing traveling standing waves along the flow direction, which are created using vibrators. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the parameters of the concentric vibrations are selected depending on the properties of the liquid and the diameter of the pipeline. 5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that at least three helical fluid flows are created in the form of vortex cords. 6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the traveling standing wave is provided by creating counterpropagating vibration pulses with different frequencies.