EA030801B1 - All-wheel-drive bicycle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to vehicles controlled mechanically, especially four-wheel drive bicycles, and can be used in sports competitions held in difficult road conditions. The objectives of the invention are to improve the quality and reliability of transmission, the elimination of the dependence of the rotation of the front wheel from the rear and the provision of the mode of operation of the bike in full transfer mode, as well as facilitating its movement in difficult road conditions. To solve the tasks in a four-wheel drive two-wheel bicycle containing a frame, saddle, steering wheel, rear wheel mounted on the frame fork, and the front wheel mounted on the steering wheel fork, pedals mounted on the rear wheel and front wheel axles, large bevel gears mounted on the axles of the rear wheel and the axles of the front wheel and ensuring their rotation, and the corresponding paired small bevel gears in coupling with them, drives for transmitting the rotational motion to the rear wheel and The wheel center and the mechanism for manual control of the processes of switching on and off the front wheel, according to the invention, the drives for transmitting the rotary motion to the rear wheel and the drives for transmitting the rotary motion to the front wheel are capable of being separately and simultaneously activated. The drive for transmitting the rotational movement to the rear wheel has one, and the drive for transmitting the rotational movement to the front wheel has two shafts that are connected to each other through a gimbal system consisting of a propeller shaft provided with hinges on both sides. On the ends of the drive shaft for transmitting rotational movement to the rear wheel planted the first and second small bevel gears. The first small bevel gear is in engagement with a large bevel gear, mounted on the bicycle pedals, and the second small bevel gear - with a large bevel gear mounted on the rear axle. A third small bevel gear, which is in engagement with a large bevel gear, mounted on the axis of the bicycle pedals and relative to the first small bevel gear located at an angular distance of 110-130 °, is planted to one end of the first drive shaft for transmitting rotational motion. , counterclock-wise. The other end of the first drive shaft for transmitting the rotational movement to the front wheel is connected to the first front wheel hinge mechanism. On the drive shaft to transfer the rotational movement to the rear wheel and on the first shaft of the drives to transfer the rotational movement to the front wheel mounted crown gear couplings, in addition, on the shaft of the drives to transfer the rotational movement to the rear wheel also installed an elastic coupling. The second front wheel hinge mechanism is connected to the second drive shaft for transmitting rotational motion to the front wheel, perpendicular to the steering wheel axis of the bicycle. And on the other end of the second shaft is planted the fourth small bevel gear, which is in engagement with the fifth small bevel gear, with the shaft parallel to the steering axis. The fourth and fifth small bevel gears are located inside the cell, made on the top of the handlebars and attached to the frame. The shaft of the fifth small bevel gear passes through the system for transmitting rotational motion from one shaft to another shaft parallel to it, consisting of two workers and one parasitic gear wheel located in the clutch, is connected to the sixth small bevel gear shaft parallel to the steering axis. wheels in engagement with a large bevel gear mounted on the front wheel axle. The sixth small bevel gear wheel and a large bevel gear wheel mounted on the front wheel axle are located inside a metal casing made in the lower part of the steering fork and attached to the outer side of the wheel. A large bevel gear, mounted on the axis of the bicycle pedals, and the first and third small bevel gears located in the clutch with it are located inside a square-shaped metal casing attached to the frame. The drive shaft for transmitting rotational movement to the rear wheel passes through holes made on the side wall of a square metal casing and a support tube attached to the frame, and the first shaft of drives to transfer rotational motion to the front wheel is through a hole made on the upper wall of the metal case square shape attached to the frame. Shaft Four

Description

The invention relates to vehicles controlled mechanically, especially four-wheel drive bicycles, and can be used in sports competitions held in difficult road conditions. The objectives of the invention are to improve the quality and reliability of transmission, the elimination of the dependence of the rotation of the front wheel from the rear and the provision of the mode of operation of the bike in full transfer mode, as well as facilitating its movement in difficult road conditions. To solve the tasks in a four-wheel drive two-wheel bicycle containing a frame, saddle, steering wheel, rear wheel mounted on the frame fork, and the front wheel mounted on the steering wheel fork, pedals mounted on the rear wheel and front wheel axles, large bevel gears mounted on the axles of the rear wheel and the axles of the front wheel and ensuring their rotation, and the corresponding paired small bevel gears in coupling with them, drives for transmitting the rotational motion to the rear wheel and The wheel center and the mechanism for manual control of the processes of switching on and off the front wheel, according to the invention, the drives for transmitting the rotary motion to the rear wheel and the drives for transmitting the rotary motion to the front wheel are capable of being separately and simultaneously activated. The drive for transmitting the rotational movement to the rear wheel has one, and the drive for transmitting the rotational movement to the front wheel has two shafts that are connected to each other through a gimbal system consisting of a propeller shaft provided with hinges on both sides. On the ends of the drive shaft for transmitting rotational movement to the rear wheel planted the first and second small bevel gears. The first small bevel gear is in engagement with a large bevel gear, mounted on the bicycle pedals, and the second small bevel gear - with a large bevel gear mounted on the rear axle. A third small bevel gear, which is in engagement with a large bevel gear, mounted on the axis of the bicycle pedals and relative to the first small bevel gear located at an angular distance of 110-130 °, is planted to one end of the first drive shaft for transmitting rotational motion. , counterclock-wise. The other end of the first drive shaft for transmitting the rotational movement to the front wheel is connected to the first front wheel hinge mechanism. On the drive shaft to transfer the rotational movement to the rear wheel and on the first shaft of the drives to transfer the rotational movement to the front wheel mounted crown gear couplings, in addition, on the shaft of the drives to transfer the rotational movement to the rear wheel also installed an elastic coupling. The second front wheel hinge mechanism is connected to the second drive shaft for transmitting rotational motion to the front wheel, perpendicular to the steering wheel axis of the bicycle. And on the other end of the second shaft is planted a fourth small bevel gear, which is located in

030801 B1

coupling with the fifth small bevel gear, with the shaft parallel to the steering axis. The fourth and fifth small bevel gears are located inside the cell, made on the top of the handlebars and attached to the frame. The shaft of the fifth small bevel gear passes through the system for transmitting rotational motion from one shaft to another shaft parallel to it, consisting of two workers and one parasitic gear wheel located in the clutch, is connected to the sixth small bevel gear shaft parallel to the steering axis. wheels in engagement with a large bevel gear mounted on the front wheel axle. The sixth small bevel gear wheel and a large bevel gear wheel mounted on the front wheel axle are located inside a metal casing made in the lower part of the steering fork and attached to the outer side of the wheel. A large bevel gear, mounted on the axis of the bicycle pedals, and the first and third small bevel gears located in the clutch with it are located inside a square-shaped metal casing attached to the frame. The drive shaft for transmitting rotational movement to the rear wheel passes through holes made on the side wall of a square metal casing and a support tube attached to the frame, and the first shaft of drives to transfer rotational motion to the front wheel is through a hole made on the upper wall of the metal case square shape attached to the frame. The shaft of the fourth small bevel gear is located inside the tube, which at the same time constitutes the upper part of the bicycle frame, the shaft of the fifth small bevel gear is through a branch pipe made on the upper part of the steering fork, and the shaft of the sixth small bevel gear is inside the guide tube the upper part of the square-shaped metal casing attached to the surface of the lower part of the steering fork. The diameters of the working gears of the system for transmitting rotational motion from one shaft to another shaft parallel to it are equal to each other, and the diameters of the parasitic gears are 1.5–2.0 times smaller than the diameters of the working gears, the first working gear being mounted on the shaft the fifth, and the second working gear - on the shaft of the sixth small bevel gear. The moving parts of both crown gear couplings are connected with a hand-operated grip mounted on the handlebars. Full gear ratios with a large bevel gear, mounted on the pedal axis, to large bevel gears mounted on the rear wheel axle and the front wheel axle are respectively equal to each other and are 3-5, and the gear ratio from the fourth small bevel gear wheels to the fifth small bevel gear is one. In the proposed all-wheel drive two-wheel quality and reliability of transmission are high. Front wheel rotation is independent of the rear wheel. It provides all-wheel drive mode of the bike and for this reason it can easily move in difficult road conditions (uneven, as well as snow-icy, muddy and sandy roads). The design of the bike is simple and it can be made from commercially available and easy-to-work products. Thanks to all these advantages, the proposed bike can be widely used for driving in difficult road conditions, as well as for use in extreme cycling sports competitions.

030801 B1

030801 B1

030801

The invention relates to vehicles controlled mechanically, especially four-wheel drive bicycles, and can be used in sports competitions held in difficult road conditions.

Known all-wheel drive bike, consisting of a frame, seat, steering, front and rear wheels, a mechanism for switching speeds, as well as drives (transmission) for transmitting rotational motion to the front and rear wheels. In this bike, the front-wheel drive is made of a pedal-chain, the axis of rotation of which is combined with the axis of the front wheel and this chain transmission is connected with a dispensing bush installed in the upper part of the front wheel fork. Rear-wheel drive is made of chain, and the connection between the dispensing sleeve and the mechanism of this drive is made in the form of a hinge mechanism, which is connected to the transfer sleeve by one of its parts connected to a fork via a chain drive through another chain transmission. tied to the rear wheel. In this bike, the pedal-chain mechanism also contains a multi-speed chain transmission system, and the rear-wheel drive engagement mechanism contains a switch that interacts with the working and parasitic sprockets mounted on the axis of the transfer sleeve and connected with a chain transmission with a hinge mechanism. The hinge mechanism is made in the form of a cardan mechanism, and the saddle is additionally equipped with a back and is made with the ability to move and fix depending on the height of the cyclist [1].

The drives used in this bike are very complex and consist of numerous working and stray stars, tensioning elements and chain drives, which generally complicates both the design of the bike and its repair, with possible failures, and also relatively reduces the reliability of its work. In addition, placing the pedal on the front wheel axle is also a disadvantage of this bike. So, at the same time, when driving in difficult road conditions, a very large muscular strength is required from the cyclist (physical health and when turning the steering wheel to the right or left side, the transfer of movement from the cyclist's foot to the pedal is difficult, especially when turning on the drive to transfer the rotational movement to the rear wheel, and at relatively high speeds, comfortable control cannot be ensured).

The closest technical solution to the present invention, in essence, is a four-wheel-drive two-wheeled bicycle consisting of a rear wheel mounted on a fork of the frame and a front wheel mounted on a fork of a steering wheel, seat and steering wheel, which is driven by a pedal-chain transmission. On the axis of the hub of the front wheel and the hub of the rear wheel with sprockets, connected through a chain transmission with pedals, are fitted with corresponding large toothed bevel gears. The rotational movement is transmitted to the front wheel by means of a drive, which consists of elastic and rigid parts. The hard part of the drive consists of the connecting and end parts, and its end part is attached to the crown gear coupling installed inside the connecting part. On the hard part of the drive is attached connecting cable, one end of which is rigidly connected to the crown gear coupling, and the other end is directly connected to the handle mounted on the steering wheel and designed to control the process of switching on and off the front wheel. The other part of the crown gear is coupled with paired small bevel gears in engagement with a large bevel gear mounted on the hub axis with a rear wheel sprocket connected to the pedal, through which the rotational movement passing through the rigid and elastic parts of the drive can be transmitted from the rear wheel to the front. To enable the transmission of rotational motion from the rear wheel to the front, this bike uses two more sets of paired small bevel gears, the first of which consists of one attached to the end of the elastic part of the drive, and the other planted on an axis perpendicular to the axis of the first cone. gears, and the second - planted on the other end of this axis and having a clutch with a large bevel gear mounted on the axle of the front wheel hub - small bevel gears Wheel [2].

The main disadvantage of this bike is the transmission, on the front wheel rotational motion, passing through the rear wheel. So, if the chain transmission fails, or for some reason, the bevel gear installed on the axis of the rear wheel hub with an asterisk fails, the rotational movement cannot be transmitted to the front wheel. And this leads to the impossibility of using this bike for its intended purpose. In addition, due to the execution of the part of the drive that serves to transmit the rotational movement to the front wheel, elastic, force and torque, transmitted by the cyclist to the rear wheel, is gradually transferred to its front wheel. And this at the time of the initial introduction of the pedal into rotational movement leads to the rotation of the front wheel of the bicycle with some delay compared to its rear wheel and at the right time does not allow the bicycle to work in all-wheel drive mode and its easy movement. In this case, in difficult road conditions, including on snowy, icy, muddy and sandy roads, the movement of this bike, pulling it off, as well as the transfer of motion to the rear and front wheels, in comparison with bicycles with hard drives, is much more complicated. . Another disadvantage of using the elastic part is that since this part has a curvilinear geometric configuration, an elastic material (cable, etc.) for transmitting the rotation is 1 030801

body movement, located inside the rigid casing, naturally rubs against the casing walls, due to which, firstly, due to increased friction loss, the efficiency of the transmission of rotational motion decreases, secondly, the service life of the material used for this purpose is much reduced and it is necessary to replace it regularly, which complicates the use of a bicycle, and also reduces the reliability of its work. The use of elastic transmission also negatively affects the design of the bike.

The objectives of the invention are to improve the quality and reliability of transmission, the elimination of the dependence of the rotation of the front wheel from the rear and the provision of the mode of operation of the bike in full transfer mode, as well as facilitating its movement in difficult road conditions.

The tasks are solved by the fact that in a four-wheel-drive two-wheel bicycle containing a frame, steering wheel, rear and front wheels mounted respectively on the forks of the frame and steering wheel, pedals mounted on the axle of the rear and front wheels and providing them with large bevel gears coupling with them paired small gears, drives for transmitting rotational motion to the rear and front wheels and a mechanism for manually controlling the process of switching the front wheel on and off, and Drives for transmitting rotational movement to the rear and front wheels are made with the possibility of separate and simultaneous activation, the drive for transmitting movement to the rear wheel has one shaft, and for transferring movement to the front wheel - two shafts that are connected to each other through a cardan transmission consisting of a propeller shaft fitted at both ends with hinged mechanisms, the first and second small bevel gears are fitted to the ends of the drive shaft to transmit the movement to the rear wheel, and The left small bevel gear is in engagement with a large bevel gear, mounted on the pedal shaft of the bicycle, and the second small bevel gear - with a large bevel gear mounted on the rear wheel axle, is driven into one end of the drive to transmit the movement to the front wheel the third small bevel gear, which is in engagement with a large bevel gear mounted on the axis of the bicycle pedal and located at an angular distance of 110-130 ° along the direction counterclockwise, relative to the first small bevel gear, and the other end of the first drive shaft for transmitting motion to the front wheel is connected to the first pivot mechanism of the cardan shaft of the cardan drive, on the drive shaft to transmit motion to the rear wheel and on the first drive shaft for transmitting movement on the front wheel mounted crown gear couplings, on the drive shaft to transmit movement on the rear wheel also installed an elastic coupling, the second pivotal cardan mechanism the transmission is connected to one end of the second drive shaft for transmitting motion to the front wheel, located perpendicular to the steering wheel axis of the bicycle, and on the other end of this shaft a fourth small bevel gear is seated, which has a clutch with a fifth small bevel gear with a shaft parallel to the steering axis, the fourth and fifth small bevel gears are installed in the cell, made on the upper part of the handlebars and attached to its frame, the shaft of the fifth small bevel gear Sa, passing through the transmission systems of rotational motion from one shaft to another shaft parallel to it, consisting of two workers and one parasitic gear wheel in coupling with them, is connected with the shaft of the sixth small conical gear wheel parallel to the steering axis parallel to the big wheel a bevel gear mounted on the axis of the front wheel of the bicycle, the sixth small bevel gear and a large bevel gear mounted on the axis of the front wheel of the bicycle, p there is a large bevel gear mounted on the pedal axis and the first and third small bevel gears with it in the clutch mounted inside the metal casing made in the lower part of the bicycle handlebar forks and on the outer side attached to its surface attached to the frame, the drive shaft for transmitting movement to the rear wheel passes through holes made on the side wall of a metal casing of square shape and a support tube, and attached to the frame, and the first drive shaft for transmitting movement to the front wheel passes through an opening made on the upper wall of a square metal casing attached to the frame. The shaft of the fourth small bevel gear is located inside the pipe, which simultaneously plays the role of the upper part of the bicycle frame, the shaft of the fifth small bevel gear is inside the nozzle, made on the upper part of the steering fork, and the shaft of the sixth small bevel gear is inside the guide support pipe, the upper part of the metal casing attached to the surface of the lower part of the steering fork. The diameters of the working gears of the rotational motion transmission system from one shaft to the other shaft parallel to it are equal to each other, and the diameter of the parasitic gear is 1.5-2.0 times smaller than the diameters of the working gears, the first working gear being planted on the fifth shaft and the second working gear is mounted on the shaft of the sixth small bevel gear. The moving parts of both crown gear couplings are connected with a handle - a manual control mounted on the handlebars. Full gear ratios from a large bevel gear, mounted on the pedal axis to the large bevel gears mounted on the rear and front axles, equal to 2 030801

each other and make up 3-5, and the gear ratio from the fourth small bevel gear to the fifth is one.

The proposed all-wheel drive two-wheeled bicycle from the closest to it in the prototype technical solution differs in some characteristics, due to which the task of the present invention is solved. These distinctive features are as follows. In the proposed invention, the drives for transmitting rotational movement to the rear and front wheels are made with the possibility of separate and simultaneous activation. Thanks to this distinctive feature, depending on the need, the movement of the bicycle can be provided both simultaneously using both wheels (for example, when driving in difficult road conditions), and separately from the front one (for example, in difficult road conditions, in case of loss of function rear-wheel drive, i.e., when the rear-wheel transmission cannot be rotated and the need to continue driving only at the expense of the front wheel) or the rear wheel (when driving on flat soil or asphalt roads) wheels. In addition, in the proposed bicycle, the drive for transmitting movement to the rear wheel has one, and for transmission to the front wheel - two shafts, which are connected to each other through a cardan drive, consisting of a drive shaft, equipped at both ends with hinge mechanisms, to the ends of the shaft the drive for transmitting movement to the rear wheel planted the first and second small bevel gears, with the first small bevel gear in engagement with a large bevel gear mounted on the pedal shaft the osiped, and the second small bevel gear - with a large bevel gear mounted on the rear wheel axle. These distinctive features mainly serve to ensure the transfer of rotational motion from the pedal to the rear and front wheels, as well as to achieve the necessary gear ratio in the case of transferring movement to the rear wheel. The use of a single shaft at the drive for transmitting rotational motion to the rear wheel is connected with the necessity of placing the axis of the bicycle pedal and the axis of rotation of its front wheel on one horizontal line and realizing this transmission easily with minimal friction loss, as well as with the simplicity of its design. The use of the drive for transmitting motion to the front wheel of two shafts connected through a cardan gear consisting of a cardan shaft fitted at both ends with hinge mechanisms serves to easily transmit rotational motion from a large bevel gear mounted on the axis of the bicycle pedal through the upper part steering, on a large bevel gear mounted on the axis of the front wheel of the bicycle. The connection of the first and second shafts of this drive by means of a cardan gear, consisting of a cardan shaft, equipped with a hinge mechanism at both ends, also makes it possible to transfer the rotational movement to the front wheel easily and with minimal friction loss, according to the most optimal curvilinear trajectory angle between the first and second shafts). Such a constructive execution of the drive to transmit the rotational movement to the front wheel, for the cyclist does not create any problems, and the bicycle can be made with the best design. Another distinctive feature of the proposed invention is that a third small bevel gear, which is in engagement with a large bevel gear, mounted on the axis of a bicycle pedal and located at an angular distance of 110-130 °, is planted at one end of the drive to transmit movement to the front wheel. in a counterclockwise direction, relative to the first small bevel gear, and the other end of the first drive shaft, for transmitting movement to the front wheel, is connected to the first hinge by the universal mechanism of the cardan shaft of the cardan transmission. By pushing to one end of the first drive shaft to transmit a rotational motion on the front wheel of the third small bevel gear having a clutch with a large bevel gear mounted on the axis of the bicycle pedal, it is possible to transfer the rotational motion from this large bevel gear first to the first, and then passing through the driveline to the second drive shafts to transfer the rotational motion to the front wheel. The location of the third small bevel gear at an angular distance of 110-130 °, counterclockwise, relative to the first small bevel gear, is necessary to facilitate rotational movement and reduce friction loss to a minimum; the first small bevel gear should be installed in such geometric position, so that its shaft is located on the line connecting the center of a large bevel gear, mounted on the pedal axis, and a large conical gear wheel mounted on the rear axle of the bicycle. With this in mind, in this case, the first small bevel gear installed in this position. And for easy transmission of rotational motion, with the smallest friction loss, the third small bevel gear, mounted on one end of the first drive shaft to transmit the rotational motion to the front wheel, should be located at some angular distance, counterclockwise, relative to the first small bevel gear wheels. Since the goal is to transfer the rotational movement from the pedal axis to the front wheel axis, the choice of this angle is less than 90 ° both from the point of view of constructive performance and from the point of view of relatively easy transfer of rotational movement with minimal friction loss is not beneficial. As with the elements of the drive (second shaft, propeller shaft and second

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the hinge mechanism for transmitting rotational motion to the front wheel should pass from the bottom or the rear of the saddle, and this, firstly, can create additional problems for the cyclist and make it difficult to control the bike, and secondly, in this case the driveline may be unacceptable , and the use of chain transmission can lead to large friction losses and a sharp decrease in the reliability of this transmission system (drive). On the other hand, since the rotational movement to the front wheel is transmitted through the upper part of the handlebars, choosing this angle above 100 ° is one of the necessary conditions. However, if this angle is more than 130 °, then this can create problems at the side of the front wheel of the bicycle (especially when forced to turn the front wheel to the left or right side) and to eliminate this problem, you would have to use the (drive) system with very complex construction. With this in mind, as well as the ratio of height and length (the distance between the axles of the rear and front wheels) of a bicycle, in the present invention, the establishment of a third small bevel gear having a clutch with a large bevel gear mounted on the axis of a bicycle pedal at an angular distance of 110-130 °, in the counterclockwise direction, with respect to the first small bevel gear, having a clutch with the same large bevel gear, was taken as the most optimal solution. In the proposed bicycle, on the drive shaft for transmitting motion to the rear wheel and on the first drive shaft for transferring motion to the front wheel, crown gear couplings are installed, and an elastic coupling is also installed on the drive shaft for transmitting movement to the rear wheel. Due to the installation on the shafts of the rear and front drives of the crown gear couplings, the possibility of both simultaneous and separate connection of the rear and front wheels is achieved. And the addition of an additional elastic coupling on the drive shaft for transmitting motion to the rear wheel serves to reduce the dynamic loads that can occur in the drives for transmitting the rotational motion to the rear and front wheels. In the proposed bicycle, the second hinge mechanism of the driveline is connected to one end of the second drive shaft for transmitting movement to the front wheel, located perpendicular to the steering wheel axis of the bicycle, and the fourth small bevel gear which has a clutch with the fifth small bevel gear is seated on the other end of this shaft with a shaft parallel to the steering axis, with the fourth and fifth small bevel gears mounted in a cell made on the top of the bicycle's handlebars and attached oh to his frame. Due to these signs, it is possible to easily transfer, without additional loss, the rotational movement from a large bevel gear mounted on the horizontal axis of pedal rotation, first on the fourth small bevel gear with a shaft perpendicular to the steering axis, and then fifth in the clutch. small bevel gear with a shaft parallel to the steering axis. And the establishment of the fourth and fifth small bevel gears with it in the clutch inside the cell, made on the upper part of the bicycle handlebars and attached to its frame, serves from a constructive point of view a reliable placement of these bevel gears and supplying a sufficiently high reliability of adhesion between them, and also, if necessary, the possibility of their lubrication. Another distinctive feature of the proposed invention is that the shaft of the fifth small bevel gear, passing through the transmission systems of rotational motion from one shaft to another shaft parallel to it, consisting of two workers and being in coupling with them of one parasitic gear wheels, is connected with parallel the axis of the steering shaft of the sixth small bevel gear in engagement with a large bevel gear mounted on the axis of the front wheel of the bicycle, and the sixth is small A small bevel gear and a large bevel gear mounted on the front wheel axle of the bicycle are located inside a metal casing made in the lower part of the bicycle handlebar and outside attached to its surface, a large bevel gear mounted on the pedal axis and located with it in the clutch, the first and third small bevel gears are installed inside a metal casing of a quadratic form attached to the frame, a drive shaft for transmitting movement in the rear th wheel passes through openings formed in the sidewall of the metal casing and the square shape of the support tube, attached to the frame, and the first drive shaft for transmitting motion to the front wheel passes through a hole formed in the top wall of the metal casing of the quadratic form that is attached to the frame. Through the use of the sixth small bevel gear, which is in coupling with a large bevel gear mounted on the front wheel axle of the bicycle, full rotational movement is transmitted from the large bevel gear that was planted on the axle to the front wheel. And thanks to the use of a system for transmitting rotational motion from one shaft to another shaft parallel to it, it is possible to realize this transmission without additional problems, in the case of a forced turning of the front wheel of the bicycle to the left or right side. So, since the axis of the front wheel of a bicycle is rigidly connected to the wheel fork, and the gears of the system for transmitting rotational movement from one shaft to another shaft parallel to it are placed on the top of this fork and their shafts are planted on tubes or nozzles attached to the fork frame When turning the front wheel of a bicycle to the left or right side, these gears and their

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the shafts are also rotated with the fork, and for this reason no problems arise in the process of turning the front wheel. Location of the sixth small bevel gear, as well as the large bevel gear located in the clutch, mounted on the axis of the front wheel of the bicycle inside a metal casing made in the lower part of the bicycle handlebar and attached to the outer side of the wheel, and a large bevel gear mounted on the pedal axle and the first and the third small bevel gears located with it in the coupling, inside the metal casing of the quadratic form, attached From the constructive point of view, the frame to the frame again serves to reliably place these bevel gears relative to each other and securely grip between them, as well as eliminating the possibility of contaminating them when driving a bike on dirty roads and, if necessary, lubricating them. Passing the drive shaft to transfer motion to the rear wheel through holes made on the side wall of a quadratic-shaped metal casing and a support pipe attached to the frame, and the first drive shaft to transmit movement to the front wheel through holes made on the top wall of a quadratic metal casing, attached to the frame serves as a condition for the reliable binding of these drives to the bicycle frame by means of a quadratic-shaped metal casing, supplying also their rotational motion. In the proposed bicycle, the arrangement of the shaft of the fourth small bevel gear inside the pipe, simultaneously playing the role of the upper part of the bicycle frame, the shaft of the fifth small bevel gear inside the nozzle, made on the upper part of the steering fork, and the shaft of the sixth small bevel gear inside the guide tube, on the upper part of the metal case attached to the surface of the lower part of the fork of the steering wheel are necessary to establish a reliable connection with the constructive t chki view between the fourth, fifth and sixth small bevel gear-set, respectively, at the ends of these shafts and reliably transmit the rotational movement from one small bevel gear in associated with it, another small bevel gears. In the proposed bicycle, the diameters of the working gears of the rotational motion transmission system from one shaft to the other shaft parallel to it are equal to each other, and the diameter of the parasitic gear is 1.5-2.0 times smaller than the diameters of the working gears, and the first working gear is planted on the shaft of the fifth, and the second working gear on the shaft of the sixth small bevel gear. Equal diameters of the working gears of the rotational motion transmission system from one shaft to the other shaft parallel to it to each other is an important condition that should be observed. Since, precisely because of this, in the present construction, with equal diameters of the rear and front wheels of the bicycle, the rotation of both wheels is achieved at the same speed. And the choice of the diameter of the parasitic gear is 1.52.0 times smaller than the diameters of the working gear wheels, from the constructive point of view it can be considered the most optimal. Since, although the choice of this ratio is below 1.5, it does not negatively affect the quality of transmission, but, in general, can lead to an increase in the structural dimensions of this system, which is considered an additional loss and may adversely affect the design of the front of the bicycle. If this ratio is greater than 2.0, the transmission quality of rotational motion from one working gear of the system to another may decrease, and with further increase of this ratio, when operating under heavy loads, the teeth of a parasitic gear may fail, which may make it impossible transfer of movement to the front wheel. Namely, thanks to the nozzle of the first working gear of the rotational motion transmission system from one shaft to another shaft parallel to it, on the fifth shaft, and the second working gear wheel - on the sixth small bevel gear shaft, having an adhesion with a large bevel gear mounted on the axis of the front wheel of the bicycle, it becomes possible to transmit a rotational movement from the fifth small bevel gear located on the upper part of the steering wheel, i.e. above the front wheel, to the sixth small gear wheel, located on the side of the front wheel, and from the last - to the large bevel gear wheel mounted in the clutch mounted on the front wheel axle. Due to the connection between the movable parts of both crown gear couplings, with a hand-operated grip mounted on the bicycle handlebars, using this grip makes it possible, if necessary, to simultaneously and separately connect the rear and front wheels of the bicycle as a driving wheel. Other distinctive features of the proposed invention are that full gear ratios from a large bevel gear mounted on the pedal axle to large bevel gears mounted on the rear axle and front wheel are equal to each other and are 3-5, and the gear ratio from the fourth small bevel gear to the fifth is equal to one. Due to these distinctive features, the required maximum speed is achieved, which for all-wheel-drive two-wheeled bicycles can be considered optimal. So, if the full gear ratio of a bicycle with wheel diameters of 0.7 m varies within 3-5, then while cycling the pedal at a speed of 1 rev / s, the maximum speed of the bicycle varies within 24-40 km / h, which can be found from the following empirical formula:

7 = # £> / i3600 / 1000

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where D is the diameter of the wheel of the bicycle, m (in our case we take D = 0.7 m); t is the maximum speed of the pedal rotation by the cyclist, rev / s (this varies in the range 1.0-1.5 rev / sec. In our case, we take t = 1.0 rev / sec, which is the maximum speed of the pedal, which can the most optimal); n - full gear ratio, integer (in our case, n = 3-5); 3600 - the number of seconds in one hour; 1000 is the coefficient for converting the speed of the bike from m / s to km / h. Putting the specified values of the parameters in the formula, it turns out:

V = 3.14-0.7-1.0- (3 ^ 5) -3600/1000 = (23.738-39.564) km / h

If in the formula to take t = 1.5 (the maximum speed of the pedal is 1.5 rev / s), then the maximum speed of the bike is even greater and is 1.5x (23.738-39.564) = (35.61-59.35) km / h However, at the present time, the inventors of the previous maximum speed is adopted as real speed.

FIG. 1-3 shows the kinematic diagrams of the types of the proposed four-wheel-drive two-wheeled bicycle, respectively from the side, front and top side. All-wheel drive two-wheeled bicycle consists of a frame 1, a rear 2 and a front 3 wheels, a saddle 4, a steering wheel 5, a fork 6 attached to it, a fork 7 attached to the frame 1, a pedal 8 and a large bevel gear 10 mounted on its axis 9, drives for transmitting rotational motion to the rear and front wheels, respectively 11 and 12 and mounted on the axles 13 and 14 of the rear 2 and front 3 wheels, large bevel gears, respectively 15 and 16. The drive 11 for transmitting movement to the rear wheel 2 has one 17 and drive 12 for transmission to the front A wheel 3 - two shafts 18 and 19. The shafts 18 and 19 of the drive 12 for transmitting rotational motion to the front wheel 3 are connected to each other by means of a cardan drive 20, which consists of, at either end, a hinge mechanism 21 and 22, a cardan shaft 23 The first 24 and second 25 small bevel gears are seated on the ends of the shaft 17 of the drive 11 for transmitting rotational motion to the rear wheel 2, the first small bevel gear 24 being in engagement with the large bevel gear 10, planted on the axis 9 of the pedal 8; and the second small bevel gear 25 with a large gear 15 mounted on the axis 13 of the rear wheel 2. At one end of the first shaft 18 of the drive 12 for transmitting rotational motion in the front wheel 3 planted a third small bevel wheel 26, which is located in The coupling with a large bevel gear 10, mounted on the axis 9 of the bicycle pedal 8 and relative to the first small bevel gear 24 is located at an angular distance of 110-130 °, in a counterclockwise direction. And the other end of the first shaft 18 of the drive 12 for transmitting the rotational movement to the front wheel 3 is connected with the first hinge mechanism 21 of the cardan shaft 23 of the cardan transmission 20. Drives 11 and 12 for transmitting the rotational movement respectively to the rear 2 and front 3 wheels are made with the possibility of separate and simultaneous inclusion. For this purpose, on the shaft 17 of the drive 11 to transfer the rotational movement to the rear 2 wheel and the first shaft 18 of the drive 12 to transfer the rotational movement to the front wheel 3 mounted corona gear sleeves, respectively 27 and 28, on the shaft 17 of the drive to transfer the rotational movement to the rear wheel 2, an elastic clutch 29 is additionally installed. A large bevel gear wheel 10, mounted on the axis 9 of the bicycle pedal 8 and the first 24 and third 26 small bevel gears mounted in the clutch, are mounted inside the met a quadratic shaped casing 30 attached to frame 1. The drive shaft 17 of the drive 11 for transmitting rotational motion to the rear wheel 2 passes through an opening 31 made on the side wall of the metal casing 30 of quadratic form and supporting pipe 32 attached to the frame 1, and the first shaft 18 of the drive 12 for transmitting rotational movement to the rear wheel 3 through an opening 33 made on the upper wall of the metal casing 30 of quadratic form. The second hinge mechanism 22 of the driveline 20 is connected to one end of the second shaft 19 of the drive 12 for transmitting rotational motion to the front wheel 3, which is located perpendicularly on the axis 34 of the handlebars 5 of the bicycle, and the fourth small bevel gear 35 is planted to the other end is in engagement with the fifth small bevel gear 36, the shaft 37 of which is parallel to the axis 34 of the rudder 5. The fourth 35 and fifth 36 small bevel gears are installed inside the cell 38, perform Noah on the upper part of the handlebar 5 of the bicycle and attached to its frame 1. On the upper part of the fork 6 attached to the handlebar 5 of the bicycle, a system 39 is installed to transmit rotational movement from one shaft to another shaft parallel to it, which consists of two workers 40 and 41 and being with them in the clutch, one parasitic 42 gears. The shaft 37 of the fifth small bevel gear 36, passing through the rotational motion transmission system 39 from one shaft to another shaft parallel to it, connected with the sixth small bevel gear 43, which is in engagement with a large bevel gear 16 mounted on the front axle 14 wheels 3 of the bike, the shaft 44 of which is located in a parallel direction to the axis 34 of the steering wheel 5. The sixth small bevel gear 43 and the large bevel gear 16 mounted on the axis 14 of the front wheel 3 bicycle and installed inside the metal casing 45, made in the lower part of the fork 6 of the handlebars 5 of the bicycle and attached to its 6 surface from the outside. The shaft 19 of the fourth small bevel gear 35 (the second shaft 19 of the driveline 20, at the same time is also the shaft of the fourth

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small bevel gear 35) is located inside the tube 46, at the same time making up the upper part of the frame 1 of the bicycle, shaft 37 of the fifth small bevel gear 36 inside the nozzle 47, made in the upper part of the fork 6 of the handlebar 5 of the bicycle, and shaft 44 of the sixth small bevel gear 43 - inside the support-guide pipe 48, made on the upper part of the metal casing 45, attached to the surface of the lower part of the fork 6 of the handlebar 5 of the bicycle. The diameters of the working gears 40 and 41 of the system 39 for transmitting rotational motion from one shaft to another shaft parallel to it are equal to each other, and the diameter of the parasitic gear 42 is 1.5-2.0 times smaller than the diameters of the working gears 40 and 41, the first working gear 40 is mounted on the shaft 37 of the fifth small bevel gear 36, and the second working gear 41 is mounted on the shaft 44 of the sixth small conical gear 36. The movable parts (not shown individually) of the two ring gears 27 and 28 seconds yazany with a handle with manual control 49 mounted on a bicycle handlebar 5. Full gear ratios in the transmission of rotational motion from a large bevel gear 10, mounted on the axis 9 of the pedal 8 to the large bevel gears 15 and 16, mounted respectively on the axis 13 and 14 of the rear 2 and the front 2 wheels are equal to each other and 5, and the gear ratio from the fourth small bevel gear 35 to the sixth 36 is one.

All-wheel drive two-wheeled bike works as follows.

When the pedal 8 is brought into rotation by the cyclist, the large bevel gear 10 mounted on the axis 9 of the pedal 8 also starts to rotate.

The movement of the bicycle is possible in the following three modes: 1) only the rear wheel 2 performs the functions of the driving wheel; 2) both the rear 2 and front 3 wheels perform the functions of the driving wheel; 3) only the front wheel 3 performs the functions of the drive wheel. Thus, if the road is asphalt or uniform (easily passable) dirt, then the bike is connected to the first operating mode. For this, the hand-operated handle 49 mounted on the steering wheel 5 is brought to such a position (these moments are not shown in the figures), while the crown gear 27 mounted on the shaft 17 of the drive 11 for transmitting the rotational movement to the rear wheel 2 turns on to work, and the crown clutch 28 mounted on the first shaft 18 of the drive 12 for transmitting rotational motion to the front wheel 3 is in the off state. When this rotational movement of the large bevel gear 10, planted on the axis 9 of the pedal 8 is transmitted to, being with him in the clutch and planted in one end of the shaft 17 of the drive 11 for transmitting the rotational motion to the rear wheel 2, the first small gear 24, and from it to the second small bevel gear 25, seated on the other end of this shaft 17, which has a clutch with a large bevel gear 15 mounted on the axis 13 of the rear wheel 2 of the bike. Therefore, when cycling the pedal 8 into rotational movement, this movement is directly transmitted to the rear wheel 2 and with this wheel 2 the bicycle starts to move easily. In this case, since the crown clutch 28 mounted on the first shaft 18 of the actuator 12 for transmitting rotational motion to the front wheel 3 is in the disconnected state, the front wheel 3 rotates freely about its axis 14 (in idling mode). If you need to drive in difficult road conditions, the bike switches to the second mode of operation and to implement this process, the crown coupling 28 mounted on the first shaft 18 of the drive 12 for transmitting the rotational movement to the front wheel 3 turns on. The transfer of rotational movement on the rear wheel 2 continues in the previous order. In addition, the rotational movement from the large bevel gear 10, planted on the axis 9 of the pedal 8, is also simultaneously transmitted to the third small conical gear wheel 26 with it in the clutch, and then passing through the first shaft 18 of the drive 12 to transmit the rotational movement to the front wheel 3, cardan gear 20 with a cardan shaft 23, provided on both sides with articulated mechanisms 21 and 22 and second shaft 19 of drive 12 for transmitting rotary motion to the front wheel 3 - to the second end planted at the other end shaft 19, the fourth small bevel gear 35. Since the shaft of the fourth small bevel gear 35 is in engagement with the fifth small bevel gear 36 with the shaft 37 parallel to the axis 34 of the steering wheel 5, then the rotational movement from this small bevel gear 36, transmitted to the first impeller 40 of system 39 for transmitting rotational motion from one shaft to another shaft parallel to it, and from there via a parasitic gear wheel 42 to another working gear wheel 41 of this system 39, which It is directly seated on the shaft 44 of the sixth small bevel gear 43, which is in engagement with a large bevel gear 16 mounted on the axis 14 of the front wheel 3 of the bicycle. Thus, the rotational movement, ultimately through the second working gear 41 of the system 39 for transmitting the rotational movement from one shaft to another shaft parallel to it, is transmitted to a large bevel gear 16 mounted on the axis 14 of the front wheel 3 of the bicycle, and Ultimately, both the rear 2 and front 3 wheels of the bicycle function as a drive wheel. The presence of the third mode of operation is the distinctive ability of this bike from other bikes of the same purpose. So, if under difficult road conditions the rear wheel 2 of the bike loses the functions of the drive wheel and if at this time the front wheel 3 of the bike is

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in a more favorable place of the road, in contrast to its rear wheel 2, in order not to interfere, the rear wheel 2 is removed from the drive wheel mode and only the front wheel 3 performs this function. In this mode, the front wheel 3 works in the same way , as shown above. Only after the bike leaves this section of the road, both wheels 3 and 2 can again be connected to the drive wheel mode. The main advantage of having the possibility of a separate inclusion of the front wheel 3, i.e. independence of his work from the rear wheel 2, is that if there is an accidental malfunction in the drive 11 for transmitting the rotational movement to the rear wheel 2, or a complete failure, then the bicycle, unlike other bicycles of the same purpose, on roads with good conditions (asphalt or dry dirt roads) through the front wheel 3 can continue to move.

Due to the use of a drive 12 in a bicycle for transmitting rotational movement to the front wheel 3, with a special design, the rotational movement to the front wheel 3 can be transmitted very easily and with minimal friction losses. The bicycle's brake system is also controlled by the handle (this handle is not shown in the figures) mounted on the handlebar 5. The maximum speed of the bicycle varies between 24-40 km / h, which can reach up to 60 km depending on the cyclist's health and muscle strength / h The bike can be made from easily available spare parts, commercially available or from easily processed products. Dimensions and the whole used bevel gears are not so large (especially in the case of using gears made of firmly polymeric materials) and the total bicycle can be 12-15 kg.

In the proposed four-wheel drive two-wheel quality and reliability of transmission are high. Rotation of the front wheel does not depend on the rear wheel, the bicycle works well enough in the all-wheel drive mode and for this reason it can easily move in difficult road conditions (in uneven, snowy, icy, muddy and sandy roads) can move easily. Thanks to all these positive qualities, the proposed all-wheel-drive bike can be widely used for use in sports competitions of a special type, conducted in extreme conditions.

Literature.

1. S.P. Dashevsky. All wheel drive bike. RF Patent No. RU 2379211, IPC B62K 3/00, B60K 17/342, В62М 7/10, 17/00, 23/00, 25/00, published January 20, 2010. Bul No. 2

2. De Carli, Erberto et al. ING.BARZANO '& ZANARDO MILANO S.p.A. Nia Borgonuovo. Rear and rear drive EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION, EP 0516241 A1, Int. C1.5: B62M 23/00, 10. 1-20121 Milano (It), Dede of publication of application: 02.12.92, Bulletin 92/49 - prototype.

Claims (5)

CLAIM 1. All-wheel drive two-wheeled bicycle, containing a frame, steering wheel, rear and front wheels, mounted respectively on the frame and steering forks, pedals mounted on the axis of the rear and front wheel bushings, and large conical gears that ensure their rotation and are coupled with them. small bevel gears, drives for transmitting rotational movement to the rear and front wheels, and a mechanism for manually controlling the process of turning the front wheel on and off, characterized in that the drives are I transmit rotary motion to the rear and front wheels are made with the possibility of separate and simultaneous activation, and the drive for transmitting the motion to the rear wheel has one shaft, and for transmitting the motion to the front wheel there are two shafts that are connected to each other through a cardan transmission, consisting from the propeller shaft, fitted at both ends with hinged mechanisms, the first and second small bevel gears are fitted to the ends of the drive shaft to transmit the movement to the rear wheel, with the first small horses The hard toothed wheel is in engagement with a large bevel gear that sits on the pedal shaft of the bicycle, and the second small bevel gear has a large bevel gear mounted on the rear wheel axle, and a third small drive is fitted to the front wheel at one end. bevel gear, which is in engagement with a large bevel gear, mounted on the axis of the bicycle pedal and located at an angular distance of 110-130 ° counterclockwise with of the first small bevel gear, and the other end of the first drive shaft for transmitting movement to the front wheel is connected to the first pivot mechanism of the cardan shaft of the driveline, on the drive shaft for transmitting movement to the rear wheel and on the first drive shaft for transmitting movement to the front wheel a crown gear couplings are installed, an elastic coupling is additionally installed on the drive shaft to transmit movement to the rear wheel, the second hinge driveline mechanism is connected to one they end of the second drive shaft for transmitting motion to the front wheel disposed perpendicular to the axis bicycle wheel and on the other end of the fourth shaft planted small bevel gear which has stseple- 8 030801 with the fifth small bevel gear with a shaft parallel to the steering axis, the fourth and fifth small bevel gears are installed in a cell made on the upper part of the bike and attached to its frame, the shaft of the fifth small bevel gear, passing through the rotational transmission system movement from one shaft to another shaft parallel to it, consisting of two workers and one parasitic gear wheel in coupling with them, is connected to the sixth shaft parallel to the steering axis; about a bevel gear in engagement with a large bevel gear mounted on the bike's front wheel axis, the sixth small bevel gear wheel and a large bevel gear wheel mounted on the bike's front wheel axis located inside the metal casing at the bottom of the fork steering wheel and from the outside attached to its surface, a large bevel gear, mounted on the pedal axis, and being in clutch with the first and third small bevel gears are installed inside a square-shaped metal casing attached to the frame, a drive shaft to transmit movement to the rear wheel passes through holes made on the side wall of a square-shaped metal casing and a support pipe attached to the frame, and the first drive shaft to transmit movement the front wheel passes through a hole made on the upper wall of a square-shaped metal casing attached to the frame. 2. Four-wheel drive bicycle according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaft of the fourth small bevel gear is located inside the pipe, simultaneously playing the role of the upper part of the bicycle frame, the shaft of the fifth small bevel gear - inside the nozzle, made on the upper part of the steering wheel fork, and the shaft of the sixth small bevel gear inside the support of the support tube, made on the upper part of the metal casing attached to the surface of the lower part of the wheel fork. 3. All-wheel drive two-wheel bicycle according to claims 1, 2, characterized in that the diameters of the working gears of the rotational motion transmission system from one shaft to another shaft parallel to it are equal to each other, and the diameter of the parasitic gear is 1.5-2.0 times smaller than the diameters of the working gears, with the first working gear planted on the fifth shaft, and the second working gear - on the shaft of the sixth small bevel gear. 4. Four-wheel drive bicycle according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable parts of both corona gear couplings are connected with a hand-operated grip mounted on the handlebars. 5. Four-wheel drive bicycle according to claim 1, characterized in that the full gear ratios from a large bevel gear, mounted on the pedal axis, to large bevel gears mounted on the rear and front axles are equal to each other and are 35, and the gear ratio from the fourth small bevel gear to the fifth is one. 14 four 29 7 13 15