EA029433B1 - Method for thermal modernization of pneumatically supported structures - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is related to civil engineering, to heat transfer and mass transfer in constructional thermal physics, and to thermal modernization of pneumatically supported structures, functioning or being constructed, for various purposes, and can be used in construction and operation of construction covers of tennis courts, hockey rinks, swimming pools, exhibitions, circuses, cafes, aquaparks, film studios, medical facilities, hangars, garages, construction sites, car service stations, etc. Their advantages include simple erection and dismantling in a broad range of climatic conditions, high heat-shielding properties. The objective of the present invention is reduction of heat losses in cold seasons and of heat gain in warm seasons, which can be decreased multifold. The objective is attained by thermal modernization of structures including a multilayer shell of an elastic material and a device for air feed after installation of the shell that causes stratification of the space between more and less heated shell surfaces for minimization of convection and, therefore, improvement of heat-shielding properties of pneumatically supported structures. Introduced in the interlayer space are spherical elements or similarly shaped vessels with polymer walls (i.e., restricted volumes of air or gas with high molecular masses) with air feeding devices (air fans) together with air, said elements being placed arbitrarily, with a minimum volume of inter-sphere space. For minimization of radiation (radiant) flows, layers with high radiation-reflecting properties are applied to inside surfaces of the spherical elements. Otherwise, the inner volume of the spherical elements may be filled, in addition to air or gas, with any material having high radiation-reflecting properties, of any shape (regular, irregular, three-dimensional), i.e. to provide shielding.

Description

The invention relates to the construction, heat and mass transfer in building thermal physics, thermal modernization of functioning, under construction pneumo support objects for various purposes, during installation, operation of building coatings tennis courts, hockey venues, swimming pools, exhibitions, circuses, cafes, water parks, film studios, medical points, hangars , garages, construction sites, service stations, etc. Their advantages are simplicity of installation and dismantling in a wide range of climatic conditions, high heat-shielding characteristics. The aim of the present invention is to reduce heat losses in the cold season and heat gains in the warm season, which can be reduced many times. The task is achieved by thermal modernization of pneumatic objects, including a multilayer sheath of elastic material and an air supply device after the installation of the shell, in which the space between the more or less heated surfaces of the shells is separated to minimize convection and, consequently, increase the heat-shielding characteristics of pneumo-supporting objects. Spherical elements or containers similar in shape with polymer walls (i.e. limited volumes of air or gas with large molecular masses) with air supply devices (pneumosuperchargers) together with air that fit arbitrarily with a minimum amount of inter-spherical elements are introduced into the interlayer space. space. To minimize the radiation (radiant) fluxes, layers with high radiation reflective characteristics are deposited on the inner surface of spherical elements. Or the internal volume of spherical elements can be filled together with air or gas with any material with high radiation reflective characteristics of various shapes (regular, irregular, bulk), i.e. screen out.

029433 Β1

029433

The invention relates to the construction, heat and mass transfer in building thermal physics, thermal modernization of functioning, under construction pneumo support objects for various purposes, during installation, operation of building coatings tennis courts, hockey venues, swimming pools, exhibitions, circuses, cafes, water parks, film studios, medical points, hangars , garages, construction sites, service stations, etc. Their advantages are simplicity of installation and dismantling in a wide range of climatic conditions, high heat-shielding characteristics.

Pneumatic building structures (pneumo-support objects) [1] from soft shells, into the internal volume of which airflow units (fans, blowers, compressors, etc.) enter atmospheric air (gas), as a result of which stratification and their deformational stability are achieved with multicomponent external loads. Known air-less objects (structural elements with small volumes, high internal air pressure, requiring a high degree of sealing) and air-supporting (buildings, structures), which receive a steady flow of air, compensating for its exfiltration devices mounted to the support contours, soils, rigid structures . Coating material: airtight fabric, reinforced, non-reinforced polymer film (single-layer or multi-layer), etc. In air-supporting pneumatic objects, convective, heat flows are identical to the structure of surfaces in an unlimited space. In multilayer shells, circulation circuits are likely to occur, the geometrical dimensions of which depend on the thermal characteristics of the air in the shells, the radiation interactions between the surfaces of the shells and the sky, the ground, and various objects.

Constructive and technological disadvantages of most air-supporting pneumatic facilities in different climatic latitudes are: large heat fluxes from objects at relatively low temperatures of the outside air and heat gain at high temperatures.

Close is the design, to prevent heat loss from the inside of the structure, containing four layers of flexible fabric, lined with metal foil, when filled with air separation occurs, there is a device that ensures the flow of air into the chamber after mounting the coating [2].

The disadvantages of the above construction is the possibility of its use only in the presence of support pipes, rods of any shape. The use of gases with a high molecular weight (carbon dioxide, argon, etc.) and, therefore, with lower thermal conductivity coefficients compared with air is problematic. A structure cannot function if its shells have spherical or cylindrical surfaces.

The aim of the present invention is to reduce heat losses in the cold season and heat gains in the warm season, which can be reduced many times.

The task is achieved by thermal modernization of operated pneumatic objects and during their construction, including a multilayer sheath of elastic material and an air supply device after the sheath is mounted, during which the space between the more and less heated surfaces of the shells is minimized to minimize convection and, consequently, increase the heat-shielding characteristics of the pneumophore objects. Spherical elements or containers close to them in shape with polymer walls (i.e. limited volumes of air or gas with large molecular masses) that fit arbitrarily with a minimum amount of inter-spherical space. To minimize the radiation (radiant) fluxes, layers with high radiation reflective characteristics are deposited on the inner surface of spherical elements. Or the internal capacitance of spherical elements can be densely filled together with air or gas of any materials with high radiation reflective characteristics of various shapes (correct, irregular, volumetric), i.e. screen out.

The drawing shows a diagram of a pneumo support object with spherical elements randomly located in the interlayer space, where

1 and 2 - layers (inner and outer) of the shell;

3 - duct;

4 - pneumosupercharger;

5 - reservoir, storage of spherical elements of the filling system;

6 - spherical elements or containers close to them in shape.

After the installation of the object, into the space between the layers (1 and 2) with a pneumosupercharger (4), spherical elements or similar containers (6) are supplied from the reservoir (5) through the duct (3). The distance between the surfaces of the shell is calculated depending on its optimal resistance to heat transfer and air pressure in the inter-spherical space. In the process of the entry of air and spherical elements or close to them in the form of containers (6) there is a separation of the space between the layers of the structure, in which elements with a minimum amount of inter-spherical space fit in an arbitrary order. After filling the interlayer space with spherical elements or similar in shape tanks (6), the pneumosuperchargers (4) disconnect, which

- 1 029433

allows you to save energy. The stability of the pneumatic construction in the present invention is achieved by the fact that the interlayer space is filled with spherical elements.

Spherical elements or similar in shape to the vessel (6) with a limited volume of air, gas or any polymer material, the inner surfaces of which, before being filled with gas or air, are covered with any material with high radiation reflective characteristics, are placed in tanks (5) that can be located in any convenient place. One way of placing the tank is shown in the drawing, above the pneumosupercharger.

It is also possible to fill the internal capacity of the spheres together with air or gas with any material with high reflective characteristics (for example, foil) of various shapes (correct, irregular, bulk), i.e. screen out.

Removing spherical elements or close to them in the form of tanks (6) from the interlayer space of the shell is carried out using a pneumatic pressure charger (4), which can be reversible, or using bypass ducts included in the system, on which the shut-off and control devices must be installed.

Using this method of thermo-modernization of pneumatic support objects allows to achieve significant savings in heat and energy, both at the stage of their manufacture, and during construction and further use, because contributes to their functioning during the entire period of operation at different climatological parameters of external air.

Information sources:

1. Ermolov V.V. Pneumatic building structures //V.V. Yermolov, U.W. Baird, E. Bubner and others; by ed. V.V. Yermolov. // M .: stroiizdat, 1983 - 439 p.

2. Multi-layer thermal insulation coating: Pat. ϋδ 4297813 / James J. Farrell, Anthony J. Donohoe; date posted 11/03/1981.

Claims (3)

CLAIM 1. The method of thermo-modernization of pneumo-supporting objects, including multi-layer shells of elastic material, in which air is supplied through the device for supplying air after laying the coating over the object, which separates the layers, characterized in that, in order to avoid convection and, consequently, increase the heat-shielding characteristics of pneumo-supporting shells, the interlayer space is filled with spherical or close-to-them tanks with polymer walls, i.e. with limited air or gas volumes with large molecular masses, which are arranged arbitrarily, with a minimum amount of interspherical space using air injection devices. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner surface of the spherical containers to minimize radiation fluxes, that is, radiant energy, further comprises layers with high radiation reflective characteristics. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the spherical containers are additionally filled with air or gas with any material having high radiation reflective characteristics of various shapes, that is, regular, irregular, volumetric shapes, for shielding from radiation fluxes.