EA025498B1 - Plug for temporary plugging a converter taphole - Google Patents

Abstract

A plug 1 for temporary plugging of a taphole 5 of a converter 2 is formed of a mixture of materials comprising, in addition to refractory material 10, clay material 9 and various additives, ball-shaped keramzit bodies 11, 12. Said ball-shaped keramzit bodies 11, 12 have a rough external shell 14 and are characterized by water-absorbing ability and long-term temperature stability so that the taphole 5 of the converter 2 plugged using such bodies remains plugged until liquid slag 7 pours out of the taphole 5 as the converter 2 is tilted. Noticeably hotter liquid steel 8 takes care of washing out the plug 1 from taphole 5 without any influence on further treatment of steel 8.

Description

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a stopper for temporary blocking of the converter's canister, which is inserted into the canister from its outer side, fixed in the zone of the inner side and after draining the liquid slag is washed out with liquid steel from the canvas and for this is mixed and molded from refractory material with clay material and a binder, water , mineral oil, plasticizer and diluent as additives.

The level of technology

Such tilting converters are supplied with a fly under the upper edge of the converter so that when it is emptied and the liquid steel flows out, the capture of the liquid slag floating above it is minimized. Such captured slag in the further process of refining is a significant problem under certain conditions. From EP 0922774 B a method is known in which the outgoing jet of liquid steel is continuously monitored by a chamber. With this specially designed camera, the amount of captured slag can be determined and monitored, so that in the case of too much of this captured slag, the tilting process is interrupted or even completely stopped. This method is complex and very inaccurate, since the flowing liquid steel is a very compact stream of metal, so that using the camera it is not always perfect to determine the true content of captured slag. From EP 0635071 known so-called plug, which consists of a plastic material, is inserted into the fly, and then can be deformed between two deforming plates, blocking the fly. The upper deforming plate is made funnel-shaped and passes into the tubular part, which reaches the lower deforming plate serving as a support for the deforming device. The deforming device has a gripper that is inserted through the tubular part, and then it can be pulled back with a corresponding force in the direction of the lower deforming plate in order to deform the plastic zone of the plug between the two deforming plates accordingly. Plastic refractory material contains mainly clay bundle, aluminosilicate, water, plasticizer, binder and additives. In ΌΕ 102008039142 A1, part of the refractory material is replaced by hollow mineral glass balls. They lead to a decrease in the total mass of the plug and cause the entire steel plug to be flushed out with liquid steel only when the slag, when tilting the converter, is no longer associated with the tap. The disadvantage is the relatively high cost of these hollow balls and the necessity of not exceeding certain quantitative proportions, since otherwise structural stability is greatly impaired.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

The basis of the invention lies in the task of improving ease of handling, storage stability and improving the possibility of determining the most accurate time of leaching, as well as further weight reduction.

This problem is solved according to the invention by the fact that the refractory material is mixed with spherical expanded clay bodies and additional additives, the expanded clay bodies having a rough outer shell, as well as having water-absorbing ability and long-term temperature stability.

Due to the corresponding implementation of the tube or, more precisely, the proportion of refractory material, first of all, you can additionally significantly reduce the total mass of the tube. This increases the ease of handling, since such a cork is either hand-held or, using a machine, placed more easily and accurately into the converter's fly, and then pressed and fixed in it. This fixation is facilitated by the share of spherical expanded clay bodies, since, on the one hand, they have a rough outer shell, i.e. can, at least temporarily, retain moisture, and in addition, also provide a certain water absorption, since this outer shell has, as a rule, holes through which water can penetrate into spherical claydite bodies, without softening them. In general, the temperature stability and thus also the structural stability of the cork are improved, since the clay or claydite bodies molded from it are thermally stable up to a temperature of 1000 ° C, while the thermostability of foam glass, for example, is noticeably lower, i.e. is 750 ° C. Finally, it is preferable that, by adding spherical claydite bodies, it is possible to accurately set the moment of dissolution of the cork sitting in the fly, quite accurately - 10-15 s. This ensures that the liquid slag, in any case, has already spilled out of the tap and thus can no longer reach it, if the liquid steel has led to the dissolution of the plug.

An even greater reduction in material costs can be achieved according to one embodiment of the invention due to the fact that part or all of the expanded clay body consists of blue expanded clay. This cheaper blue clay is not suitable for use, for example, for insulation purposes or in horticulture and agriculture, and in the area provided for here does not cause problems due to its composition and therefore has advantages in terms of production costs.

According to another expedient variant, it is provided that the spherical expanded clay bodies have a diameter of 0.5-16 mm, preferably 1-4 mm. With a diameter of 1-4 mm easier handling in

- 1025498 cork and processing of the cork itself, since deformation is possible without problems. The larger the diameter of expanded clay bodies, the more difficult their deformability. On the other hand, the total mass decreases due to the large diameters of expanded clay bodies, so that according to another expedient variant, it was preferable to increase the diameters of spherical expanded clay bodies to 4-12 mm. Since, in addition, the size of the whole cork also plays a role, it can be further stated that with the size of the cork it is also possible to increase the proportion of spherical expanded clay bodies having a larger diameter.

In another expedient embodiment, it is provided that the spherical expanded clay body has a porous outer shell provided, however, with several openings. Expanded clay is usually obtained by burning lime clay in rotating tube furnaces, and the surface is sintered, i.e. a rough surface is formed, which due to capillary forces can bind water. Due to the appropriate skillful processing, this self-enclosed, rough surface or rough outer shell can, however, be designed so that more or fewer holes are formed or remain in it, through which a limited amount of water can penetrate, so that such spherical claydite bodies also suitable for water storage. In the proposed plug, this has, among other things, the great advantage that this increases stability during storage and that even after a long period of storage in the plug there is still the necessary moisture for its favorable processing.

The stability of the form is favorably influenced, in particular, by the fact that spherical expanded clay bodies replace part of the refractory, but not clay material. Clay or a fraction of this material, important, on the one hand, for the stability of the whole body, and on the other hand, for cork deformability, is thus preserved, whereas spherical claydite bodies, as a mixture with the rest of the refractory material, are also responsible for temperature stability.

It turned out to be especially expedient if the volume fraction of spherical expanded clay bodies is 2.5-45% of refractory and clay materials.

Above it was pointed out that water can penetrate even through the claydite body itself through the holes in the rough outer shell. This is further promoted by the fact that spherical claydite bodies completely or partially consist of beaten material, i.e. have surfaces available to penetrating water. This accumulation of water, even if it is limited, gives the advantages described above in terms of storage stability.

According to another variant, a part of the refractory material is replaced by spherical claydite bodies, and / or clay granules, and / or hollow mineral glass balls. While clay granules, due to their hardness and existing edges, are less suitable, glass hollow beads offer a significant advantage as a partly additional replacement for the refractory material, since they, together with spherical ceramsite bodies, reduce the mass and reserve water inside the cork.

Particularly preferably, if the tube is molded from 10-60 wt.% Spherical claydite bodies, obtained by burning a moist, lime-poor clay material with displacement and burning of carbon dioxide, 10-50 wt.% Clay binder of selected quality, 10-50 wt.% Aluminosilicate , 5-30 wt.% Water, 5-25 wt.% Mineral oil, 0.5-5 wt.% Plasticizer, 0.1-3 wt.% Thinner, 0.13 wt.% Temporary binder, 0.1 -6 wt.% Permanent binder.

First of all, such a cork, due to its optimal deformation characteristics, can be made in the form of a shaped body, optimally used in the steelmaking shop, i.e. on the converter. Moreover, this cork is easy to handle, since its mass is noticeably reduced compared to only refractory material, and, moreover, deformability is always guaranteed inside the wedge, since there is a sufficient elastic fraction of claydite bodies and clay.

Finally, it is preferable if this plug always holds a sufficient proportion of water, since the added water due to spherical expanded clay bodies or hollow glass balls, primarily, however, due to broken material, is retained in the plug until it is deformed again. need moisture. The spherical expanded clay material then provides the advantages already described above in terms of temperature stability and setting exact values when the cork can be pushed out or washed out with liquid steel from the tap. Due to these precise setpoints, the whole process can be largely automated.

It has repeatedly been pointed out that the proposed plug should be inserted into the converter's fly and deformed in it. In particular, insertion into the fly and precise positioning in it, namely, as close as possible to the inner side or the inner wall of the converter, is facilitated by the fact that a clay bond or similar material is applied to the outer surface of the plug to improve the flow of the described process. It turned out that it is preferable if the outer surface of the tube is covered with an easily wetted clay bundle or clay grease.

The invention is distinguished, in particular, by the fact that, compared with the prior art, it is easier to handle the plug due to a further noticeable reduction in its total mass due to the introduction of spherical claydite bodies into the mixture of materials. This increase in ease of handling is especially noticeable if large traffic jams are used, and by optimizing

- 2 025498 caps the possibility arises of increasing, if necessary, the pieces of converters. They can then always be equipped with the proposed plugs, because they have a correspondingly small mass. In addition, the stability of the proposed tube during storage is increased, since it is possible to increase the amount of water introduced, which is expediently retained on the surface of the spherical expanded clay bodies. This can be further improved by adding water to them as well. It is again available when this should prevent the cork from drying out. Since the refractory material used, i.e., in particular, spherical expanded clay bodies, is temperature resistant up to 1000 ° C, the moment when the cork must be washed out with liquid steel is set and observed much more precisely. Subsequent work can be well organized due to this, and in any case it is guaranteed that liquid slag will no longer or almost not be discharged.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Other details and advantages of the subject matter of the invention are given in the following description of the drawings, in which a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown with the necessary details and specific details. In the drawings are:

FIG. 1 - the converter in the working position and the indicated position of the slope; FIG. 2 - plug inserted in the fly in the inserted and pressed position; FIG. 3 - spherical claydite bodies lying on top of each other; FIG. 4 - spherical body in section;

FIG. 5 - surfaces of expanded clay body and fragments;

FIG. 6 - sintered body of expanded clay body, partly in section and partly free from impacts;

FIG. 7 - barrel-shaped cork;

FIG. 8 - tube in the form of a truncated cone.

The implementation of the invention

FIG. 1 shows in section the converter 2, which has a loading opening 6 and up to a certain level is filled with liquid steel 8 and liquid slag floating on it 7. In the area of the loading opening 6 in the wall of the converter 2 an outer 3 is connected, and a bottom 5 5 the plug 1 is inserted and, as the arrows show, it is fixed in it by pressing in. In the process of refining inside the converter 2, the fly 5 is free. If the converter then tilts to release liquid steel 8, then the inserted plug 1 prevents liquid slag 7 from flowing out first. The latter, on the contrary, is guided through the bottom 5, because it is plugged with the plug 1, which is then washed away by the liquid steel 8 from the bottom 5, because then the temperature of the liquid, hotter steel 8 takes care of changing the material of the plug 1 so that the whole plug is washed. Due to the small amount of material in plug 1, it does not play any role in the further process of refining liquid steel 8. The liquid slag 7 'indicated by the dashed lines cannot first leave converter 2 through the fly 5, since the temperature of the liquid slag 7 is far from enough to change or wash out the plug 1.

FIG. 2 shows a cork 1 inserted in a fly 5. A cork 1 consists of a clay material 9, a refractory material 10, a certain number or amount of expanded clay bodies 11, 12 and other additives. Expanded clay bodies 11, 12 are surrounded by a rough outer shell 14 of the body, as well as broken material 15, explained in more detail below. In addition, clay granulate 16 and glass hollow balls 26 can be embedded in cork 1, in such an amount that they do not interfere with the deformation process shown on the right.

The material of the plug 1, whose composition is given above, is fixed between two plates, i.e. upper push 21 and lower holding 22 plates. The pressure plate 21 can be displaced by means of a device (not shown) in the direction of the retaining plate 22, so that the clay material is preferably thus deformed and pressed against the wall 20 of the fly 5. The deforming unit (not shown) is displaced or inserted through the internal hole 23, then the pressure plate 21 is shifted mainly in the direction of the holding plate 22. In this case also the holding plate 22 can be respectively slightly shifted in the direction of the pressure plate 21. To improve the possibility of avki lotku tube 1 in 5 in FIG. 8 it is provided that the outer surface 18 of the plug is covered with a layer of, for example, clay grease 19. In addition, in FIG. 8 shows the shape of a truncated cone 35 of the entire tube 1, and FIG. 7 - its barrel-shaped form. In both cases, for cork 1, the same transport mixture 30 is used, which is then deformed into mixture 31 in years 5. As a result of deformation, mixture 31, as already said, is pressed tightly against wall 20 of years 5, so that it is firmly fixed inside the years 5. When This may cause certain protrusions 32 of the clay material in the pressure zone 21 and holding 22 plates. The cork 1 in the shape of a truncated cone in FIG. 8, the direction of insertion, indicated by pos. 33.

FIG. 3 shows a handful of spherical claydite bodies 11, 12 with visible holes 24, 25.

FIG. 4 shows such an expanded clay body 11 in an enlarged view in section, so that a porous inner space or a porous fracture surface 17 is visible. Pos. 14 denotes a rough outer shell.

- 3 025498

Also in FIG. 5 shows such broken material 15 and a claydite 12 lying next to it, the outer shell of which is intact. This broken material 15 shows that a claydite body 11 has a whole range of cavities inside, they can be large 27, 28 and 34 fine pores.

Such a clay body 12 is also depicted in FIG. 6, and here, in particular, it should be pointed out that there are holes 24, 25 in the surface through which liquid or water can penetrate into the internal space of the expanded clay body 11, 12. This internal space is filled with expanded refractory and clay materials, and here again, it is necessary to point out the large pores 27, 28, as well as the small pores 34, which are found throughout the internal space of the expanded clay body 11, 12 and do not violate the strength of the whole body. Consequently, through the holes 24, 25, water can penetrate through the rough outer shell 14 into the internal space of the expanded clay body 11, 12 and settle there in large 27, 28 or in small 34 pores, so that, if necessary, when cork 1 is dry, be absorbed by the surrounding mixture again.

FIG. 7 and 8 have already been described above. FIG. 7 shows a barrel-shaped cork, to which a pressure plate is attached from above, and a holding plate at the bottom. The same applies, of course, to that shown in FIG. 8 plug 1 in the shape of a truncated cone 35.

The dimensions of these different plugs 1 are not indicated, since they depend on the size of the grenade 5 and the converter

2. In accordance with this, the plugs 1 are also molded during their manufacture, and their dimensions are assigned according to the sealed webs 5.

All the mentioned features, also indicated only in the drawings, are considered essential to the invention individually and in combination.

Claims (10)

CLAIM 1. A stopper for temporary clogging of the converter’s lettuce, made with the possibility of inserting it into the lettuce (5) from its outer side (2), fixing it in the inner side (4) and after draining the liquid slag (7) from washing steel with liquid steel (8) from the letok (5) and for this, mixed and molded from refractory material (10) with clay material (9) and a binder, water, mineral oil, plasticizer and thinner as additives, characterized in that the refractory material (10) is mixed with spherical expanded clay bodies (11, 12) and additional additives, moreover expanded clay bodies (11, 12) have a rough outer shell (14), and also have water absorption capacity and long-term temperature stability. 2. A cork according to claim 1, characterized in that part or all of the expanded clay bodies (11, 12) consists of blue expanded clay. 3. A cork according to claim 1, characterized in that the spherical expanded clay bodies (11, 12) have a diameter of 0.5-16 mm, preferably 1-4 mm. 4. A cork according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the spherical expanded clay body (11, 12) has a porous outer shell (14, 25) equipped with several holes (24, 25). 5. A cork according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the spherical expanded clay bodies (11, 12) replace part of the refractory material (10), but not clay material (9). 6. A cork according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the volume fraction of spherical expanded clay bodies (11, 12) is 2.5-45% of refractory and clay materials (10, 9). 7. A cork according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the spherical expanded clay bodies (11, 12) completely or partially consist of broken material (15). 8. A cork according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that part of the refractory material (10) is replaced by spherical expanded clay bodies (11, 12), and / or clay granules (16), and / or hollow balls (26) from mineral glass. 9. The cork according to claim 1, characterized in that it is molded from 10-60 wt.% Spherical expanded clay bodies obtained by roasting a moist, lime-poor clay material with the displacement and burning of carbon dioxide 10-50 wt.% Clay binder of selected quality, 10-50 wt.% Aluminosilicate, 5-30 wt.% Water, 5-25 wt.% Mineral oil, 0.5-5 wt.% Plasticizer, 0.1-3 wt.% Thinner, 0.13 wt. % temporary binders, 0.1-6 wt.% permanent binders. 10. A cork according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that its outer surface (18) is covered with a clay binder or clay grease (19).