EA024668B1 - Internal combustion engine with device for water decomposition into hydrogen and oxygen and with liquid fuel gas generator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular, to engine building, namely, to designs of internal combustion engines fuelled by hydrogen and hydrocarbon. The proposed invention increases economical and ecological efficiency, ensures explosion safety of the device and makes it possible to use widely a cheaper energy and heat source. This is attained by provision of an engine wherein the exhaust manifold is designed as a steam generator connected by a piping to a pump and a water tank on the one side, and to an electrolyser through an electric heater on the other side; the tight cylindrical body of the electrolyser accommodates a set of disk plates that are used as electrodes powered by high-voltage direct current of about 6000 Volt generating an electromagnetic field, and as guides for movement of superheated water steam at a temperature of 500 to 550°C between the electrodes along a helical path while generating a gravitational field during movement. Under the action of the electric and gravitational fields, water steam is decomposed to produce hydrogen and oxygen. Centrifugal forces of the gravitational field push oxygen to the periphery of the electrolyser while centripetal forces of the gravitational field attract hydrogen to its centre. The electrolyser is connected by a pipeline to a cooled hydrogen storage tank and, by another piping, to a cooled oxygen gas generator where certain amount of fuel is contained and maintained and where, as a result of incomplete liquid fuel oxidation by oxygen coming from the electrolyser, a mixture of combustible gaseous carbon oxide and hydrogen is formed; the cooled hydrogen storage tank and the cooled oxygen gas generator are connected by pipelines, through a vacuum control pressure-reducing valve, to the inlet manifold of the engine. The advantages of the proposed method for water steam decomposition to hydrogen and oxygen and transformation of liquid fuel into combustible gas are due to the fact that the water steam generation process runs at the expense of exhaust gas heat. The water steam decomposition process takes place under the action of electric and gravitational fields, which lowers energy cost, increases productivity of the device, separates oxygen from hydrogen, and ensures explosion safety. Thermal efficiency of such device is significantly higher than efficiency of prior art devices and existing internal combustion engines. Environmental safety of the engine increases to requirements of EURO 6 or higher. The device can be used in both four-stroke and two-stroke engines. It can also be used both in carburator and diesel engines.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of engineering, in particular to engine building, and in particular to the designs of internal combustion engines operating on hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuel. Such engines can be used in all areas of application of modern ICEs, including automobiles, tractors and tanks, sea and river vessels, and aviation.

State of the art

A known internal combustion engine with a device for generating combustible gases from a mixture of hydrocarbon fuel with water. The engine contains a mixture heater installed in the exhaust manifold, and a gas generator, which is made in the form of a ring, inside which a number of heat-resistant pipes are mounted, and installed between the cylinder bushing and the cylinder cover, in the upper part of the combustion chamber (RF patent No. 2468222 from 11.27.12) . A known method of producing hydrogen and oxygen from water vapor. Superheated water vapor with a temperature of from 500 to 550 ° C is passed through a constant electric field of high voltage of about 6000 V to produce hydrogen and oxygen (RF patent No. 2142905 from 12.20.1999). A known internal combustion engine containing at least one cylinder, a sealed electrolyzer body made in the form of a sealed cylindrical cathode, an anode made in the form of a perforated cylinder and concentric dielectric perforated inserts fixed to the cathode body from the ends thereof. The circulation circuit of the electrolyte is made in the form of an ejector with the possibility of continuously circulating the pump and spraying the nozzle into the cavity of the cathode body (RF patent No. 2453715, Р02В 43/10, Р02М 27/04 of 20.06.2012). The closest of the analogues to the proposed invention is the RF patent No. 2453715, which is selected as a prototype.

disadvantages

In all analogues, the decomposition of water gives an explosive mixture of hydrogen with oxygen (called explosive gas or Brown gas). A significant part of the heat and energy is expended to generate combustible gas. The prototype uses a traditional high-ampere electrolyzer. The costs of producing hydrogen and oxygen exceed the cost of an equivalent amount of fuel. To reduce the explosiveness of a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, it is mixed with air and sent to the intake manifold of the engine. All of the above reduces the overall efficiency of the engine.

The purpose of the invention

The aim of the invention is: increasing economic and environmental efficiency, ensuring the explosion safety of the engine in operation, as well as obtaining a cheaper source of energy and heat. The goal is achieved due to the fact that the internal combustion engine containing at least one cylinder with intake and exhaust valves, a spark plug, a piston and a cylinder head, an electrolytic cell with a cylindrical sealed electrolyzer body, an intake and exhaust manifold of the engine, is characterized in that in the exhaust manifold a steam generator is mounted, connected by a pipeline on one side to a pump and a water tank, and on the other hand through an electric heater with an electrolyzer; in a cylindrical sealed electrolyser housing, a set of disk plates is mounted that perform the function of electrodes, which are supplied with a direct current of high voltage, which is approximately 6000 volts, exciting an electromagnetic field, and the function of guides for the movement of superheated water vapor with a temperature from 500 to 550 ° C between the electrodes along a helical path and forming a gravitational field when moving; the electrolyzer is connected by a pipe with a cooled hydrogen storage tank and a separate pipe with a cooled oxygen gas generator, which contains and maintains a certain amount of fuel and which results from incomplete oxidation of the working fluid coming from the electrolyzer, a mixture of combustible gases of carbon monoxide and hydrogen; at the same time, the cooled hydrogen storage tank and the cooled oxygen gas generator are connected by pipelines through a vacuum control gear valve with an engine intake manifold.

The invention and its distinctive (from the prototype) features

The figure 1 shows a cross section of a traditional carburetor internal combustion engine with a horizontal section of the steam generator and its connection with a device for decomposing water vapor into hydrogen and oxygen and a gas generator for generating liquid fuel and a diagram of the supply of combustible gases to the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine.

Figure 2 shows the longitudinal and transverse sections of a cylindrical sealed casing of the electrolyzer, which can also be defined as a gravitational electric hydrogen device.

The inventive internal combustion engine with a device for the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen and a gas fuel oil generator contains at least one cylinder with inlet 2 and 4 exhaust valves, a spark plug 3 (for a diesel engine, a fuel supply nozzle), a piston and a cylinder head, an electrolyzer 10 with a cylindrical sealed housing 19 of the electrolyzer, inlet 16 and exhaust manifolds of the engine; characterized in that a steam generator 5 is mounted in the exhaust manifold, connected by a pipe on one side to a pump 6 and a water tank 8, and with

- 1,024668 on the other hand, through an electric heater 9 with an electrolytic cell 10, in which a set of disk plates 20 is mounted, which function as electrodes, to which a high-voltage direct current is supplied, which is approximately 6000 volts, exciting an electromagnetic field, and the function of guides for moving superheated water steam with a temperature of 500 to 550 ° C between the electrodes along a helical path and forming a gravitational field when moving; the electrolyzer 10 is connected by a pipe to a cooled hydrogen storage tank 12 and a separate pipe with a cooled oxygen gas generator 11, which contains and maintains a certain amount of fuel and in which a mixture of combustible gases of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is formed; in this case, the cooled hydrogen storage tank 12 and the cooled oxygen gas generator 11 are connected by pipelines 18 through a vacuum control gear valve 17 to the intake manifold 16 of the engine.

This internal combustion engine is also characterized in that the gas generator 11 is designed to generate liquid fuel as a result of incomplete oxidation of the working fluid coming from the cell 10.

Description of drawings

Cylinder 1 with inlet 2 and outlet 4 valves, spark plug 3 (for a diesel engine a fuel injector), piston and cylinder head, intake 16 and exhaust manifolds of the engine, electrolyzer 10 with a cylindrical sealed electrolyzer body 19, connected on one side through an electric heater 9 with a steam generator 5, and on the other hand with a cooled gas generator 11 of liquid fuel and with a cooled storage tank 12 of hydrogen; a fuel feed pump 13 connected on one side to the fuel tank 14, and on the other to a gas generator 11 and a carburetor 15 mounted on an intake manifold 16, which is connected by pipelines 18 through a vacuum pressure reducer 17 to a liquid fuel gas generator 11 and to a cooled storage tank 12 hydrogen. The cell 10 contains: a housing 19, disk plates 20 with a slit 23, which have one central hole for mounting a perforated pipe 21 in them, three holes with a diameter of 4-6 mm and three holes with a diameter of 10 mm in the areas of external and internal disc diameters; insulators 22, insulating the package of disk plates 20 and perforated pipe 21 from the housing 19; rods 24 on which even and odd disk plates 20 are mounted separately; insulators 25 isolating odd and even disk plates from each other 20. The package of disk plates 20 is assembled in such a way that the disk plates 20 form a double screw, while the same (even and odd) disk plates 20 are electrically connected to each other and isolated from unlike performing the function of electrodes (cathode and anode) and the function of guides for the movement of water vapor along a helical path. The pitch of the screws is determined by the formula 8 = δ +2 x C, where 8 is the pitch of the screw, δ is the disk thickness of 0.8-1.5 mm, C is the gap between the disk plates 20. The screw shape of the disk plate 20 is achieved by fixing the disk the plates 20 in the holes of a smaller size in the height-defined places on the rod 24, rigidly fixed relative to the housing 19. The rod 24 connecting the same disk plates 20 (even or odd) provides electrical communication between them. The rod 24 connecting the even plates passes through the insulator 25 of the odd disk plate 20, mounted in the hole of a larger diameter of the disk plate 20, and provides isolation of the even disk plate 20 from the odd plate 20. A high voltage constant current of approximately 6000 is applied to the rods 24 volt (or pulse resonant, or constant and pulse resonance from known types of generators). The gas generator 11 is made in the form of a cylinder in which a liquid fuel level regulator is installed, similar to the level regulator in the carburetor, and a perforated oxygen supply tube (not shown in the drawing).

The engine works as follows: the engine starts and runs in its normal mode on liquid fuel, such as gasoline. The fuel-feed pump 13 of the engine delivers fuel from the fuel tank to the gas generator 11 and to the carburetor 15, where the corresponding level controllers support a certain amount of fuel. After warming up the engine, when the temperature in the steam generator 5 reaches 150 to 200 ° C, the water supply pump 6 is turned on and the water from the water supply tank 8 through the control valve 7 enters the steam generator 5. In the steam generator 5, water is converted into steam of certain parameters corresponding to the outlet temperature gases.

From the steam generator 5, the formed wet steam is passed through an electric heater 9, in which it turns into superheated steam and enters the cell 10 through the inlet pipe mounted on the outer casing 19. If a direct electric current is used to decompose water vapor into hydrogen and oxygen into the cell 10 high voltage, which is approximately 6000 volts, the temperature of superheated steam is maintained in the range from 500 to 550 ° C. In the case of resonant-pulse electric current, you The voltage of the steam voltage is reduced to about 120-150 ° C. The steam received in the gravitational electric hydrogen device 10 moves in an electric field between the disk plates 20 in a vortex-like spiral path, creating a gravitational (inertial) field. Under the influence of electric and gravitational fields, water vapor decomposes into hydrogen and oxygen. Centrifugal force

- 2 024668 of the gravitational field reject oxygen to the periphery of the electrolyzer 10, and the centripetal forces of the gravitational field attract hydrogen to its center. The hydrogen formed through the perforated pipe 21 enters the cooled storage tank 12 through the outlet pipe, and oxygen flows through the outlet pipe mounted on the outer casing 19 into the gas generator 11, in which oxygen is mixed with the fuel, oxidizes it, forming a mixture of combustible carbon monoxide gases and hydrogen. A mixture of combustible gases CO + H ₂ from the gas generator 11, and hydrogen from the storage tank 12 through a vacuum gear valve 17 enter the intake manifold 16 and then into the corresponding cylinder of the engine.

The advantages of the applied method of decomposing water vapor into hydrogen and oxygen and generating liquid fuel into combustible gas are due to the fact that the process of water vaporization is due to the heat of the exhaust gases. The process of decomposition of water vapor occurs under the influence of electric and gravitational fields, which reduces energy costs, increases the productivity of the device, separates oxygen from hydrogen and ensures explosion safety. Ecological safety of the engine increases to the requirements of EURO 6 and above. The device can be used on both four-stroke and two-stroke engines. It can also be used on both carbureted and diesel engines.

Information sources

1. A method of producing hydrogen and oxygen from water. Patent of the Russian Federation KI 2142905; MPK С01В 3/00, С01В 13/02; 04/27/1988

2. Method for the production of fuel gas: US patent No. 4936961, 1990, US patent No. 5149507, 1992

3. RF patent No. 2468222, Р02В 43/10, Р02М 43/00, Р02М 31/08 of 11/27/2012.

4. RF patent No. 2453715, Р02В 43/10, Р02М 27/04, С25В 9/06 dated 06/20/2012.

5. Spielrein E.E. et al. Introduction to hydrogen energy. - M .: Energo-atomizdat, 1984. - 264 p .: ill.

6. Kanarev F.M. The beginning of the physical chemistry of the microworld. Monograph. / F.M. Kanarev, 15th edition. - K .: Krasnodar, 2010 .-- 487 p. [electronic resource]. - Access mode: 1ιΠρ: // \ γ \ γ \ γ.ιηίοΐΌ- \\ Όΐ1ύ.5ΐι.

Claims (2)

CLAIM 1. An internal combustion engine comprising at least one cylinder with inlet (2) and exhaust (4) valves, a spark plug (3), a piston and a cylinder head, an electrolyzer (10) with a cylindrical sealed housing (19) of the electrolyzer, an inlet ( 16) and the exhaust manifolds of the engine, characterized in that a steam generator (5) is mounted in the exhaust manifold, connected by a pipe on one side to a pump (6) and a water tank (8), and on the other hand through an electric heater (9) with an electrolyzer ( 10); in which a set of disk plates (20) is mounted, performing the function of electrodes, to which a constant current of high voltage is applied, which is approximately 6000 V, which excites an electromagnetic field, and the function of guides for the movement of superheated water vapor with a temperature from 500 to 550 ° C between the electrodes along a helical path and forming a gravitational field when moving; the electrolyzer (10) is connected by a pipe with a cooled hydrogen storage tank (12) and a separate pipe with a cooled oxygen gas generator (11), which contains and maintains a certain amount of fuel and in which a mixture of combustible gases of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is formed; in this case, the cooled hydrogen storage tank (12) and the cooled oxygen gas generator (11) are connected by pipelines (18) through a vacuum control gear valve (17) to the engine intake manifold (16). 2. An internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas generator (11) is designed to generate liquid fuel as a result of incomplete oxidation of the working fluid coming from the electrolyzer (10).