EA021002B1 - Training stand for performing laboratory studies in electrical engineering, electronics and programming - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to training means and can be used in individual and group training in designing electronic circuits and programming algorithms for performance of laboratory works and demonstration experiments related to electric and radio engineering, electronics and programming. The aim of the invention is to develop a universal stand for performing laboratory works in the process of studies with electrical, electronic and radio elements which staying universal would allow to solve narrow tasks to master experience and skills in designing and studying electronic and electric schemes and components. The assigned task is characterized in that the stand further comprises power supply units, measuring instruments, control devices installed on the stand base. Panels are variable with a set of precommutated electro and radio elements, wherein the base is also provided with multicontact split connecting elements for an electric connection of a variable panel with the power supply units, measuring instruments blocks and control blocks. An image of a precommutated electric or electronic scheme is displayed on the front surface of the variable panel, wherein a part of commutating conductors and/or electric components is absent, and connecting contacts of these elements are led out on the front surface of the variable panel for subsequent manual commutation. There are other differences from the prototype. The advantages of said training means are a substantial increase of performed laboratory and experimental studies, ability to master programming skills and creation of simple and complex programming algorithms.

Description

The invention relates to teaching aids and can be used in individual and group training in the design of electronic circuits and programming algorithms, for laboratory work and demonstration experiments in electro-radio engineering, electronics and programming.

A device is known in electrical engineering, containing a set of blocks carrying elements of an electric circuit. Blocks are assembled in a three-dimensional or planar structure [1].

Known A set of elements for assembling electrical circuits, used as a training device in electrical engineering, which can also be used as a game for children and consists of a set of interlocking blocks in which the components of the electrical circuit are located [2].

Known Device for the training assembly of electrical and radio circuits, which is used as a training aid and includes a dielectric base with sockets and contacts intended for installation in sockets, in which the contacts are made in the form of flexible plates, the upper part of each of which is cut into petals [3].

The implementation of the known training devices in the form of interlocking blocks does not allow in-depth study of the design features of specific sections of electrical circuits.

Closest to the claimed solution is a device for teaching the design of electronic circuits and programming algorithms [4], which contains bases connected by detachable connecting elements and provided with conductors, electrical and radio elements, which consists of at least two bases, made in the form of equipped conductive contacts and conductors of printed circuit boards installed in several levels one above the other and connected by multi-contact connecting elements, moreover each board is a holder of a board of a neighboring level, one of the bases being made in the form of separate elongated ray-shaped boards that are located in one horizontal plane, and the multi-contact detachable connecting elements on each of them are located in the end zone and are connected to the multi-contact detachable connecting elements of the board adjacent level, the connecting elements of which are located along the radii on the surface of the base, made either in the form of a circle, or in the form of any flat geometer a person’s figure, and the elongated ray-shaped boards are located either around the circumference or are concentrated in one or several sectors. The device is equipped with electronic elements, including programmable ones, and electro-, radio- and electronic elements on each board can be installed both on its upper and lower surfaces.

The prototype allows you to solve many problems in the design of electrical and electronic circuits, however, stands for laboratory work should be aimed at developing and consolidating certain skills in the design and study of electronic and electrical circuits and components. The prototype does not allow to solve such a problem.

The invention is aimed at solving the problem of creating a universal stand for laboratory work in the learning process with electrical, electronic and radio elements, which, while remaining universal, would nevertheless make it possible to solve narrow problems in developing skills in the design and study of electronic and electrical circuits and components.

The problem is solved in that the well-known universal stand for the study of electrical and electronic circuits and devices contains a base with panels installed on it, equipped with multi-contact detachable connecting elements and the studied electrical and radio elements. According to the invention, the stand further comprises power supplies installed on the base, measuring instruments and control devices. The panels are removable, with a set of pre-wired electrical and radio elements, while the base is also equipped with multi-contact detachable connecting elements for electrical connection of the replaceable panel with power supplies, measuring instrument blocks and control units. An image of a pre-connected electrical or electronic circuit is printed on the front surface of the removable panel, while some of the switching conductors and / or electrical components are missing, and the connecting contacts of these elements are displayed on the front side of the panel for subsequent manual switching.

The problem is also solved by the fact that the connecting multi-pin electrical connectors are placed around the perimeter of the panel.

The task is also solved by the fact that the removable panel is additionally equipped with a controller to verify the correctness of manual switching of elements and connected electrical components.

The problem is also solved by the fact that part of the manual switching elements on the removable panel is made in the form of switches on the front side of the panel.

The problem is also solved by the fact that the plug-in panel has electrical connectors for connecting additional electrical components.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

- 1 021002

In FIG. 1 shows a universal stand.

In FIG. 2 shows an example of a removable panel for performing work.

In FIG. 3 shows a replacement panel in a side view.

In FIG. 4 shows a printed circuit diagram of a removable panel.

In FIG. 5 shows a functional diagram of a universal stand.

The proposed device contains a base 1, made in the form of a box of desktop or floor execution, inside of which are installed: measuring unit 2, power supply units 3, control unit 4, other additional devices 5 and investigated and auxiliary devices: inductance store 6, capacitor store 7, resistance store 8. A part of the studied devices can be installed outside the base and connected to it through a connector. For example, an electric machine unit 9 is connected via cable 10. On the front panel of the base there are some control devices for the stand, such as an input machine 11, controls for sources of unregulated constant and alternating voltage 12 and 13, sources of adjustable constant and alternating voltage 14 and 15, unit switches control 16, a connector for connecting to a personal computer 17, the organs of auxiliary devices 18, 19, 20, as well as an indication of the measuring unit 21. An area is mounted in the front panel of the stand 22 and 23 with connectors 24 for connection of a removable panel.

Replaceable panels 24 consist of two electrically and mechanically interconnected parts. On the first, front part 25, an electrical or electronic circuit of the experiment with functional gaps is applied, control and indication devices are installed (toggle switch 26, backlit buttons for manual switching of circuit 27, selection button and selected work number indicator 28). On the second part 29, made on a foil PCB, using multi-pin connectors 30, so that when a removable panel 24 is inserted into the base connectors 23, the blocks and base devices are connected in accordance with the diagram depicted on the removable panel. Thus, the second part is a printed circuit board with a system of holes 31 for installing microchips and other attachments and a system of conductors 32 for electrical connection of the installed elements. On the second part, small-sized elements of the investigated circuit can also be located. The first 25 and second 29 parts of the interchangeable panel 24 are connected using wires and a connector 33. If the purpose of the study is, for example, an electrical device in the form of mounted elements on a printed circuit board, then the interchangeable panel is made of one board. If the number of elements of the interchangeable panel is small, then the experiment design can also be transferred directly to the printed circuit board and the interchangeable panel is also performed on one board.

We show the work of the stand on the example of the work Research of an induction motor. In accordance with the guidelines, the teacher or laboratory assistant selects the required replacement panel and, inserting it into the platform 22, attaches it to the base using multi-pin detachable connecting elements 23. After that, the teacher or laboratory assistant connects the machine unit 9 to the stand using the appropriate connector on the panel and harness 10. The stand is ready to go.

Further, the student, including the circuit breaker 11, supplies power to the stand. The indicator of laboratory work selection, the number of which is selected by the student with button 28, lights up on the removable panel. After selecting the laboratory work number, the processor on the removable panel instructs the control unit of the stand to set the voltage limits of the power supplies, the measurement unit to set the required measurement limits and allows the assembly of the experimental design. The student collects the experiment diagram by pressing the switches 27, each of which feeds a signal to one of the logic inputs of the removable panel processor, in which the correct experiment diagram is recorded. If the circuit is assembled correctly, all the controls of the stand and interchangeable panel are active, the student can proceed directly to the experiment itself; if there is an error in the circuit, i.e. if the wrong switch is closed, the processor on the removable panel blocks all the controls of the stand and the removable panel. When you try to start an experiment, the switches are highlighted for a while and reset, after which you need to reassemble the circuit. Further actions of the student are as follows. Using controls 12, 13 include a constant voltage power source for the excitation winding of the DC motor and a three-phase sinusoidal voltage source. The toggle switch 26 selects the connection diagram of the stator windings of the induction motor. Using the button 34, the induction motor is connected to the supplying three-phase voltage. Using the controller 35, the load on the shaft of the induction motor is changed, at some intervals recording the readings of the indication of the measuring devices. After the study of the motor is completed, button 36 removes the supply voltage from the windings of the induction motor and controls 12, 13 turn off the used power sources.

Most interchangeable panels also have the ability to repeatedly reprogram modes and algorithms for working with a PC using a special software environment. Programming is either the direct writing of a program using commands, operands, and variables, or the interactive construction of a block diagram of the algorithm of the device from standard execution units. Programming the operation mode of the removable panel implies

- 2 021002 itself sets the principle of operation of the device under study (for example, the sequence of switching power switches of voltage converters). By programming the work algorithm, the student sets the law for changing the output parameters and states of the studied and auxiliary devices (converters, switches, etc.) depending on the measured parameters (time, voltage, current, speed of rotation of actuators, etc.). After the experiment is completed, it is possible to conduct the following experiment with the same interchangeable panel. If it is necessary to change the panel, the stand must be disconnected from the mains.

After completing work with the stand, the teacher or laboratory assistant disconnects the removable panel and an additional external device from the stand.

A feature of working with the stand is also that preparatory work (selection, preparation, connection and disconnection of a removable panel, connection and disconnection of additional external electric machine units and other devices) can be carried out by the student himself and does not contain any operations related to safety the student or the performance of the stand and its components, and unused in this work external additional devices and units do not need to be connected.

The control unit of the stand has a computer interface for connecting to a personal computer, when connected to it, access is made from a PC to all units of the stand and to the removable panel, while you can receive data arrays from the stand measurement system, process them programmatically, rewrite the operation algorithm of the stand devices and interchangeable panel, including the algorithm of the processor. This provides a multi-level approach to student learning.

The interchangeable panel at any level can have several options for circuit solutions. The set of interchangeable panels can be expanded when designing new circuits or when new electronic, electrical, and radio elements appear, including when new programmable microcircuits appear.

Using the proposed device allows, through sequential and simple connections of various elements on a removable panel, which is part of the general design, to interest students in the process of creating various electronic and electronic circuits, significantly increase the number of assembled work circuits, gain programming skills, create simple and complex programming algorithms, with one for this purpose, it may be the receipt of a complete electronic product.

The booth has developed technical documentation. It is manufactured at the enterprise NTP Center LLC, Mogilev, Belarus.

Sources of information taken into account during the examination.

1. European patent EP 0256029, cl. O09B 23/18, publ. 02/28/1988.

2. RF patent 2101773, cl. O09B 23/18, publ. 01/10/1998.

3. A.S. USSR No. 832575, cl. O09B 23/18, publ. 05/23/1981.

4. RF patent 2337410, cl. O09B 23/18, publ. 10.27.2008 - a prototype.

Claims (5)

CLAIM 1. A universal stand for the study of electrical and electronic circuits and devices, containing a base with interchangeable panels installed on it, equipped with multi-pin detachable connecting elements and studied electrical and radio elements, as well as power supplies, measuring instruments, control devices installed on the base, and replaceable panels contain individual sets of pre-wired electrical and radio elements, the base is also equipped with multi-pin plug-in connectors With electrical elements for electrical connection of the interchangeable panel with power supplies, measuring instruments and control devices, an image of a pre-wired electrical or electronic circuit is applied to the front surface of the interchangeable panel, while the connecting contacts of the switching conductors and / or electrical components affecting the results of research or training, brought to the front of the panel for subsequent manual switching. 2. The stand according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting elements of the removable panel, made in the form of multi-contact electrical connectors, are placed around the perimeter of the panel. 3. The stand according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a controller for checking the correctness of manual switching of the elements of the removable panel and the connected electrical components. 4. The stand according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that some of the manual switching elements on the removable panel are made in the form of switches on the front side of the panel. 5. A stand according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the plug-in panel has electrical connectors for connecting additional electrical components.