EA017739B1 - Двухстадийный газификатор с высокотемпературным предварительно нагретым паром - Google Patents

Двухстадийный газификатор с высокотемпературным предварительно нагретым паром Download PDF

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Publication number
EA017739B1
EA017739B1 EA201001822A EA201001822A EA017739B1 EA 017739 B1 EA017739 B1 EA 017739B1 EA 201001822 A EA201001822 A EA 201001822A EA 201001822 A EA201001822 A EA 201001822A EA 017739 B1 EA017739 B1 EA 017739B1
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EA
Eurasian Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reactor
steam
gasifier
temperature
carbon
Prior art date
Application number
EA201001822A
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Other versions
EA201001822A1 (ru
Inventor
Влодзимеж Бласяк
Вейхонг Янг
Original Assignee
Босон Энерджи Са
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Application filed by Босон Энерджи Са filed Critical Босон Энерджи Са
Publication of EA201001822A1 publication Critical patent/EA201001822A1/ru
Publication of EA017739B1 publication Critical patent/EA017739B1/ru

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
    • C10B49/04—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/06—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated according to the moving bed type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C10J3/14—Continuous processes using gaseous heat-carriers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C10J3/16—Continuous processes simultaneously reacting oxygen and water with the carbonaceous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/36—Fixed grates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/485—Entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/721—Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/09—Mechanical details of gasifiers not otherwise provided for, e.g. sealing means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C10J2300/092—Wood, cellulose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/094—Char
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1625—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with solids treatment
    • C10J2300/1637—Char combustion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
EA201001822A 2008-05-29 2009-05-29 Двухстадийный газификатор с высокотемпературным предварительно нагретым паром EA017739B1 (ru)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0801266A SE0801266A0 (sv) 2008-05-29 2008-05-29 Tvåstegsförgasare som använder förupphettad ånga av hög temperatur
PCT/SE2009/050630 WO2009145724A2 (en) 2008-05-29 2009-05-29 A two-stage high-temperature preheated steam gasifier

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EA201001822A1 EA201001822A1 (ru) 2011-06-30
EA017739B1 true EA017739B1 (ru) 2013-02-28

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ID=41377827

Family Applications (1)

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EA201001822A EA017739B1 (ru) 2008-05-29 2009-05-29 Двухстадийный газификатор с высокотемпературным предварительно нагретым паром

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US20110078951A1 (xx)
EP (1) EP2300568A2 (xx)
JP (1) JP2011522084A (xx)
CN (1) CN102076830A (xx)
AP (1) AP2010005514A0 (xx)
AU (1) AU2009251931A1 (xx)
BR (1) BRPI0912280A2 (xx)
CA (1) CA2726250A1 (xx)
EA (1) EA017739B1 (xx)
SE (2) SE0801266A0 (xx)
WO (1) WO2009145724A2 (xx)
ZA (1) ZA201009075B (xx)

Cited By (3)

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RU175131U1 (ru) * 2016-12-09 2017-11-22 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Объединенный институт высоких температур Российской академии наук (ОИВТ РАН) Устройство для термической конверсии биомассы
RU2660152C2 (ru) * 2013-03-15 2018-07-05 ТерраПауэр, ЭлЭлСи Способ и система для проведения газификации углеродсодержащего сырья
RU2749040C2 (ru) * 2016-10-12 2021-06-03 Вс-Вермепроцесстехник Гмбх Способ и устройство для газификации биомассы

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JP2012528925A (ja) * 2009-06-02 2012-11-15 サーモケム リカバリー インターナショナル インコーポレイテッド 一体化された燃料電池発電システムを有するガス化装置
MY151894A (en) * 2009-07-17 2014-07-14 Green Energy And Technology Sdn Bhd Advanced thermal reactor
US9085738B2 (en) * 2009-09-14 2015-07-21 General Electronic Company Method and apparatus for drying solid feedstock using steam
CN102191089A (zh) * 2011-03-29 2011-09-21 万贤法 两段式高温预热蒸汽生物质气化炉
US9650254B2 (en) * 2011-04-01 2017-05-16 Dalian University Of Technology Method for preparation of active carbon by pyrolysis of organics
CA2832887A1 (en) 2011-04-11 2012-10-18 ADA-ES, Inc. Fluidized bed method and system for gas component capture
AU2011370246B2 (en) 2011-06-10 2016-09-29 Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited Process for co-gasification of two or more carbonaceous feedstocks and apparatus thereof
EP2723832B1 (fr) 2011-06-23 2017-06-21 Xylowatt S.A. Gazeifieur de combustible solide carbone
BRPI1105768A2 (pt) * 2011-09-01 2016-05-03 Guradoor Sl dispositivo reator duplo de gaseificacao-pirolise
CN103084129B (zh) * 2011-10-28 2014-11-26 北京低碳清洁能源研究所 多段等离子体裂解碳质材料反应器及用其生产乙炔的方法
US10738249B2 (en) 2012-01-30 2020-08-11 Aries Gasification, Llc Universal feeder for gasification reactors
US9242219B2 (en) * 2012-01-30 2016-01-26 PHG Energy, LLC Fluidized bed biogasifier and method for gasifying biosolids
DE102012202143B3 (de) * 2012-02-13 2013-05-29 Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Schlackebadvergasung fester Brennstoffe
US9278314B2 (en) 2012-04-11 2016-03-08 ADA-ES, Inc. Method and system to reclaim functional sites on a sorbent contaminated by heat stable salts
NZ700523A (en) * 2012-05-18 2016-05-27 Japan Blue Energy Co Ltd Biomass gasifier device
KR101318980B1 (ko) 2012-09-19 2013-10-17 아주대학교산학협력단 합성 천연 가스 생성 장치 및 방법
ITTO20121122A1 (it) * 2012-12-21 2014-06-22 Salvatore Marasa Reattore di piro-gassificazione.
US8721748B1 (en) 2013-01-28 2014-05-13 PHG Energy, LLC Device with dilated oxidation zone for gasifying feedstock
US11242494B2 (en) 2013-01-28 2022-02-08 Aries Clean Technologies Llc System and process for continuous production of contaminate free, size specific biochar following gasification
DE102013101368B4 (de) 2013-02-12 2023-04-27 Gidara Energy B.V. Wirbelschichtvergaser
CN104017608B (zh) * 2014-05-14 2017-03-15 上海尧兴投资管理有限公司 射流床煤制合成气气化炉
JP6526499B2 (ja) * 2015-06-29 2019-06-05 株式会社神鋼環境ソリューション バーナ
CN105542869B (zh) * 2015-12-10 2018-09-21 上海尧兴投资管理有限公司 煤制合成气的气化炉
CN105713678A (zh) * 2016-03-11 2016-06-29 郭宾 多功能气化炉及联合循环能源系统
WO2017206281A1 (zh) * 2016-06-01 2017-12-07 中油锐思技术开发有限责任公司 冷却气化装置、废水复合热载体发生器及复合热载体产生方法
CN105841129B (zh) * 2016-06-01 2018-05-18 中油锐思技术开发有限责任公司 废水复合热载体发生器及复合热载体产生方法
GB2551314B (en) * 2016-06-06 2021-03-17 Kew Tech Limited Equilibium approach reactor
JP6899102B2 (ja) * 2017-09-29 2021-07-07 株式会社ジャパンブルーエナジー バイオマスのガス化装置
JP7088734B2 (ja) * 2018-05-10 2022-06-21 エネサイクル株式会社 改質炉
JP2022510663A (ja) * 2018-11-28 2022-01-27 ケービーアイ インヴェスト ＆ マネジメント エージー 原料をガス化・溶融するためのリアクターとプロセス
GB201900676D0 (en) * 2019-01-17 2019-03-06 Chalabi Rifat Al Process for producing activated carbon and hydrogen
JP7341075B2 (ja) * 2020-01-22 2023-09-08 三菱重工業株式会社 ガス化システム及びガス化方法
CN112029538B (zh) * 2020-08-17 2021-09-24 新奥科技发展有限公司 粉煤与块煤的耦合气化系统及方法
KR102312365B1 (ko) * 2021-03-26 2021-10-15 주식회사 한양 에프엔티 고온 개질기
KR102467994B1 (ko) * 2021-05-11 2022-11-17 주식회사 한양 에프엔티 캡슐형 개질로를 갖는 고온 개질기
WO2023102579A1 (en) * 2021-12-01 2023-06-08 Cochrane William Thomas Gasifier

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EP0050905A1 (en) * 1980-10-27 1982-05-05 British Gas Corporation Improvements in or relating to coal gasification process
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WO2007102032A2 (en) * 2006-03-07 2007-09-13 Lampros Elefsiniotis Two-stage combined cocurrent-countercurrent gasifier
WO2008013794A2 (en) * 2006-07-24 2008-01-31 Clean Energy, L.L.C. Conversion of carbonaceous materials to synthetic natural gas by pyrolysis, reforming, and methanation

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