EA013763B1 - Escape hatch of a roof of a vehicle body - Google Patents

Abstract

The escape hatch of a roof of a vehicle body contains the cover with three wide through-shaped ribs of rigidity. This cover is placed on a gasket, which have the

Description

The invention relates to the transport industry, and more specifically to the structures of emergency ventilation hatches of the roofs of the bodies of vehicles.

There are various designs of emergency vents for roofs of vehicle bodies (see, for example, A.S. USSR №№ 597585, 737256, 1281471, 1243966, patents of the Russian Federation №№ 2026202, 2047503, 2047504, WIPO № 02076777, EPO № 0451583 , 0451606, 0325380, Germany №№ 1405799, 1240424, 1259216, 1286928, 1630020, UK №№ 1350844, 1397251, 1097145, 1156755, France number 1117636, US №№ 2810334, 4101159, 4329917, Spain, №№ 2278901, 2125583, Finland No. 20050570 and others.

Such hatches, although they allow to provide ventilation of the passenger compartment, and also allow evacuation of people during an accident, however, due to a number of design features of these hatches, due to the increased requirements for modern vehicles and their components, in many cases the use of these hatches significantly limited. For example, in some cases, manhole covers are made double from two sheets, which leads to increased stiffness and degrades the tightness of the hatch in the closed position. In some hatches, the opening / closing mechanisms easily fail due to strikes on the hatch from above with branches or other objects when the vehicle is moving. In addition, the control knobs for the operation of known hatches are either too bulky and inconvenient in operation, or too fragile and often break.

The closest solution to the technical essence and the achieved effect of its use to declare is the well-known design of the emergency ventilation roof of the vehicle body according to the patent of Russian Federation № 2047504, В601 9/00, 1993, containing placed on the frame (amplifier) fixedly mounted on the roof body, lid with stiffeners, two manual independent of each other opening and closing mechanisms of the lid with lid lift limiters during ventilation of the passenger compartment, two clamps (locking devices) of the lid in its workers Assumption, emergency release device with the cover the inner and outer actuators rasstoporeniya clamps the cover and the inner cover (protective and decorative layer).

Each mechanism for opening / closing the lid consists of a handle rigidly connected to the lid and a lever-swivel drive consisting of a tubular arm in which two sliders spring-loaded with respect to each other and hinged to the roof of the body rigidly fixed on the roof of the forked lifting levers covers with the ventilation of the cabin, in the slots of which are installed with the ability to exit the hinges attached to the ends of the specified rods.

Each cover lock is made in the form of a rotary L-shaped two-armed lever, at one end of which a hook is made, which interacts with a ratchet fixed on the rotary axis, on which a forked lever is also mounted, which interacts with one end of the torsion spring installed on this axis, the other end of which is made interacting with the vehicle body, and the L-shaped lever axis is fixed on the body roof and is located between the hook and the point of application of the drive fixed cover sator.

The lid lock actuator is designed as a fork rod passing through a hole in the protective casing. The groove of which includes an L-shaped lever, and there are holes at the ends of the forks, into which the pin of the lid clamp lock is installed, and at the opposite end of the fork rod there is a connection thread with a handle-handwheel, designed according to the first function for the parking lock of the L-shaped lever, and according to the second function as an internal drive for unlocking the latch lock of the emergency safety device wasp lid by outputting an L-shaped lever from engagement with a drive mechanism for opening / closing the lid, with the handle-knob made of travmobezopasnosti material and has an internal threaded hole corresponding to the threads on the end of the fork stem.

The external drive for unlocking the lid retainer of the emergency lid reset device is designed as a spring-loaded stem that can move along its axis, one end of which is located outside the frame of the hatch above the vehicle body roof, and the other end interacts with the curved end of the L-shaped latch release lever for taking the L-shaped lever out of engagement with the drive of the lid opening / closing mechanism.

This hatch, although it provides ventilation of the vehicle’s cabin in its normal mode of operation, also allows evacuation of people during an accident, however, due to the large number of highly loaded bulky and complicated parts, various levers and connections has relatively low reliability , as well as high labor intensity, high manufacturing cost and low degree of maintainability, in addition, the hatch control knobs are ergonomically inconvenient.

In addition, due to the design features of the well-known hatch, the details of its opening / closing mechanisms are arranged one after the other sequentially, i.e., elongated in length, and inside the rectangular hatch they can be located only along its long sides, which is unacceptable for small passenger capacity buses - due to the peculiarities of the structures of the cabins of such buses, in which these mechanisms are required to be located on the short sides of the hatch.

- 1 013763

The task to be solved by the claimed invention is to expand the arsenal of already existing technical equipment for a specific purpose in the field of technology by providing increased productivity in the manufacture of the hatch, reducing its cost, increasing its service life, improving its usability and ensuring the use of such a hatch in buses of small passenger capacity.

This task is solved with the help of the technical result from the use of the claimed invention, which consists in improving the manufacturability of the hatch assembly, increasing the reliability of its operation and reducing its mass-dimensional characteristics by simplifying its design and reducing the number of high-loaded parts, as well as giving the hatch operation control elements ergonomically comfortable shape for the user while ensuring a high degree of tightness of the hatch due to the optimum rigidity of the cover and the original design The instructions of the sealing device.

This result is achieved by the fact that in a well-known emergency ventilating hatch of the vehicle body roof, containing two lid opening / closing mechanisms with lid restraints during ventilation, placed on the frame, fixedly mounted on the body roof, lid with stiffeners , a device for emergency reset of the lid with internal and external drives for loosening the latch clips and the inner casing (protective decorative facing), firstly, the frame is made of · -shaped cross-section of the profile, fixed on the flat flanging of the opening of the roof of the body;

secondly, around the perimeter of the frame is placed a seal for the cover, which has an I-shaped form in cross section;

thirdly, additionally introduced two mechanisms for opening / closing the lid and two clamps for the lid in its working positions, with all four mechanisms for opening / closing the lid symmetrically at the corners of the hatch;

Fourthly, each mechanism for opening / closing the lid consists of a C-shaped handle with a ribbed surface on the outside and with a horizontal oval-shaped base fixed on the lid, to which a vertical one fixed to the base is fixed at an angle of 90 ° rod in the form of a flat plate installed with the possibility of vertical movement and tilting sideways in the guide vertical groove of the horizontal body, made in the shape of a parallelepiped and fixedly attached to the morning of the frame;

fifthly, all four latches are placed in the indicated horizontal housings with vertical grooves for the guide rods of the lid opening / closing mechanisms;

sixthly, each cover lock has a wave-like profile, made on both sides of the corresponding guide rod of the cover opening / closing mechanism, in the horizontal case of which this lock is placed, inside each specified horizontal case along the axis of symmetry there is a through longitudinal cylindrical hole in which symmetrically mounted with the possibility of longitudinal movement towards each other two spring-loaded latches, each made with a cylindrical shank m and with the head having a hemispherical working part, smoothly turning into a cylindrical part, and the contour of the hemispherical working part of the head coincides with the contour of the depressions of the wave-shaped profile of the fixer; in addition, each latch has a supporting, cut along the entire length, hollow cylindrical elastic pin-regulator of spring compression installed in one of the transverse holes made in a horizontal body near its ends perpendicular to the axis of the longitudinal hole at different distances from the center of the horizontal enclosures;

Seventh, each cover lifting limiter is made in the form of an elastic removable locking cotter pin ... образ -shaped, mounted in a hole made in the end of the vertical guide rod parallel to its wide side;

eighthly, the internal drive of the latching of the clamps of the lid of the emergency lid reset device is made in the form of two T-shaped handles with oval supports and with arched shoulders with a ribbed surface on the outside, each of which is installed with the possibility of vertical movement in a niche of protective and decorative facing between opening / closing mechanisms of the hatch cover, located on the short side of the hatch, and connected by wire rods to the two nearest locking cotter pins;

ninthly, each internal handle of the device for emergency dumping of the manhole cover is closed with a protective-decorative transparent cover L-shaped in cross-section of the form;

tenthly, the external drive of the latching of the clamps of the lid of the emergency lid reset device is made in the form of two arcuate, close to T-shaped in cross section in the horizontal plane and L-shaped in cross section in the vertical plane of handles, each of which is equipped with a seal

- 2,013,763 bushing, installed with the possibility of horizontal movement from the outer side of the frame between the opening / closing mechanisms of the lid located on the short side of the hatch, and connected with cable tie rods to the nearest handle of the internal drive of the unlocking of the latch clamps and with the two nearest locking pins;

eleventh, ribs of the lid are made in the form of a central wide and two lateral narrow longitudinal projections of a trough-shaped form parallel to each other and the long lateral side of the hatch;

twelfth, the emergency dumping device of the lid is equipped with a safety lanyard connecting the lid and frame to protect the lid from loss after it is discarded in an accident.

The introduction of new assemblies and components, as well as the special implementation of existing assemblies and components, can significantly reduce the mass-dimensional characteristics and increase the reliability and usability of the emergency ventilation hatch.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, in which FIG. 1 shows a top, front and left side view of the inventive emergency ventilation roof of the vehicle body in the closed position;

in fig. 2 is a top view from the right side of the declared emergency ventilation roof of the vehicle body in the closed position;

in fig. 3 is a bottom and rear view of the hatch in the closed position;

in fig. 4 is a bottom view and from the right side (without a safety halyard / belt) of the hatch in the closed position; in fig. 5 - view from below and from the left side (with a safety halyard / belt) of the hatch in the closed position; in fig. 6 is a bottom view and from the left side of the hatch in the closed position with the lining removed with a demonstration of the hatch opening / closing mechanisms;

in fig. 7 is a bottom view and from the left side of the hatch in the open position with the lining removed with a demonstration of the hatch opening / closing mechanisms;

in fig. 8 - outside view from above, from the front and from the left side of the hatch in a half-open position;

in fig. 9 is an inside view from the bottom of the hatch in a half-open position;

in fig. 10 - external view from above, from the front and from the left side of the hatch in the fully open position;

in fig. 11 - handle of the hatch opening / closing mechanism, made in one piece with the flat guide rod of the retainer with a wavy profile on the sides and locking cotter pin;

in fig. 12 - internal handle of the emergency reset device of the manhole cover, located in the facing niche and covered with a transparent protective and decorative cover;

in fig. 13 - internal handle of the emergency reset device of the manhole cover, located in the facing niche with the protective-decorative cover removed;

in fig. 14 - internal handle of the emergency reset device of the hatch cover with cables connected to the lock cotter pins;

in fig. 15 - inner and outer handles of the device for emergency reset of the hatch cover with cables connecting the handles with locking cotter pins in the position after emergency relieving of the manhole cover after removing the locking cotter pins from the guide rods;

in fig. 16 - position of the manhole cover after its dropping in an emergency situation with its fixation relative to the frame by means of a safety halyard / belt;

in fig. 17 - safety halyard / belt of the hatch cover after its dropping;

in fig. 18 - design of the safety halyard / belt of the hatch cover;

in fig. 19 - the design of the hatch cover in the top view;

in fig. 20 - the design of the manhole cover in the open position in the section along A-A (see Fig. 19);

in fig. 21 - the design of the hatch cover in the section in its closed position;

in fig. 22 - the design of the seal of the hatch cover in the section with the open position of the lid;

in fig. 23 shows a section through bb (see FIG. 21) with a latch profile and a guide rod with a wavy profile interacting with latches;

in fig. 24 is a view along arrow B (see FIG. 23) at the end of the horizontal body for showing the location of the support pin-adjuster of the spring of the latch spring;

in fig. 25 - the horizontal case and the elements of the lock, located in this case.

The proposed emergency ventilating hatch of the roof 1 (see Fig. 1) of the vehicle body includes a lid 2 with a central wide 3 (see Fig. 2) and two narrow 4 longitudinal, trough-shaped, stiffening ribs parallel to each other and the long side of the hatch on the seal 5 (see Fig. 22) I-shaped K-shaped cross-section, placed around the perimeter on the frame 6 (see Fig. 21), made of I ”-shaped cross-section of aluminum or plastic and fixed on shelf G-shaped in section flanging 7 roof aperture 1 body.

Frame 6 is attached to flare 7, for example, using rivets (not shown), and at the point of contact of frame 6 with the roof 1 of the body, either a thin self-adhesive sealing gasket is placed on both sides, or a thin layer of self-hardening sealant is applied (on

- 3 013763 drawing not shown).

There are also four manual opening / closing mechanisms of the lid 2 with stops 8 (see Fig. 6, 15) lifting the lid 2 during ventilation and four clamps of the lid 2 in its working positions, the device for emergency reset of the lid 2 with internal and external drives for de-locking the clamps of the lid 2 and the inner casing (protective decorative facing) 9 (see Figs. 4, 5, 21), made, for example, of plastic.

Each opening / closing mechanism of the lid 2 consists of a C-shaped figured handle with an ergonomically comfortable profile 10 (see Fig. 6, 11, 21) with a ribbed surface 11 on the outside and with an oval horizontal base fixed to the lid 2 which is at an angle of 90 ° still attached (made in one piece) vertical rod 12 (see Fig. 11, 21, 23), made in the form of a flat plate installed with the possibility of vertical movement when lifting the entire lid 2 when it is fully opened and additional tilt sideways When lifting the lid 2 only on one side when it is partially opened in the vertical groove 13 of the horizontal guide casing 14 (see Fig. 23, 25), made in the form of a parallelepiped and fixedly attached to the inner side of the frame 6 (see Fig. 17).

The base of the handle 10 is attached to the cover 2, for example, using the pads 15 and self-tapping screws 16 (see Fig. 21).

All four clamps of the cover 2 in its working positions are placed in the horizontal housings 14 of the mechanisms for opening / closing the cover 2, with each clamp of the cover 2 equipped with two wavy profiles 17 (see Fig. 23) made on both sides of the corresponding rod 12.

In addition, a longitudinal cylindrical through hole is made inside the horizontal body 14 along its axis of symmetry, in which two spring-loaded latches 18 (see FIGS. 23, 25), each with a cylindrical shank and a head, are symmetrically mounted with the possibility of longitudinal movement towards each other. having a hemispherical working part, smoothly turning into a cylindrical part, and the contour of the working part of the head coincides with the contour of the depressions of the wave-like profile 17 of the retainer.

The hemispherical working parts of the clips 18 are made interacting with the working surfaces of the valleys of the corresponding undulating profiles 17 on the rods 12, each latch 18 has a spring 19 and a supporting hollow cylindrical elastic pin 20 (spring compression regulator 19) cut into one from transverse holes made in the horizontal body 14 near its ends perpendicular to the axis of the longitudinal hole (see Fig. 23, 24) at different distances from the center of the horizontal body 14.

Each limiter 8 lifting the cover 2 during ventilation of the cabin of the mechanism for opening / closing the cover is made in the form of an elastic removable locking pin ......................- shaped in the hole , performed at the end of the guide rod 12 parallel to its wide side (see Fig. 11, 15).

The internal drive of the release of the locks of the cover 2 of the emergency reset device of the cover 2 is made in the form of two T-shaped handles 21 (see Fig. 13, 14) with oval supports 22 with arched hangers with a ribbed surface 23 on the outside, each of which is installed under the transparent L-shaped in cross section of a protective and decorative cover 24 (see Fig. 12) with the possibility of vertical movement in a niche of protective and decorative lining 9 between the opening / closing mechanisms of the cover 2 of the hatch, located on the short side of the hatch, and connected to the cable mi rods 25 (see Fig. 14, 15) with the two nearest locking pins 8.

The outer drive of the release of the locks of the cover 2 of the emergency reset device of the cover is made in the form of two arcuate, close to T-shaped in cross section in a horizontal plane and Shaped in shape in a vertical plane handles 26 (see Fig. 15, 21), each of which is equipped with a sealing sleeve 27 and installed with the possibility of horizontal movement from the outside of the frame 6 between the mechanisms of opening / closing the lid, located on the short side of the hatch, and is connected by cable rods 25 with the nearest handle 21 internal when water de-latching fixers cover 2 and with two nearest locking cotter pins 8.

The emergency reset device of the cover 2 is equipped with a safety file 28 (safety belt) connecting the cover 2 and frame 9 to protect the cover 2 from loss after dropping it in an accident (see Fig. 16, 17, 18).

The proposed emergency ventilation hatch is operated as follows.

Before starting operation, in the process of assembling the hatch units, the operation force of each latch of cover 2 in its working positions is calibrated, selecting the required stiffness of the cylindrical spring 19 pressing the latch 18 by selecting the hole at the right distance from the center of the housing 14 to install the pin-regulator 20.

After that, all the hatch units are installed in place, the locking pins 8 are inserted into the ends of the guide rods 12, all mechanisms, except for their controls, are closed protectively

- 4 013763 decorative facing 9 and the hatch is ready for immediate use.

To ensure ventilation of the cabin, the hatch can be opened either completely by pressing the knobs 10 in pairs and lifting the cover 2 up to the stop lock pins 8 into the horizontal body 14, or partially with reliable discrete fixation of the cover 2 in any intermediate position using spring-loaded latches 18 and undulating profiles 17 on the guide rods 12. At the same time, the latches of the cover 2 discretely fix its position depending on the number of cavities on the undulating profiles 17, for example in three positions: closed, half-open and open.

In the event of an accident, using either emergency internal 21 handles (with previously broken fingers inserted into special holes 29 (see Fig. 12), decorative covers 24) or external 26 handles with cable rods 25 pull out all lock pins 8, thereby freeing the exit of the guide rods 12 retainers with undulating profiles 17 from the horizontal housings 14, after which the lid 2 is simply lifted and thrown to the side, where it hangs on the safety halyard / strap 28. After that, the hatch is ready for immediate evacuation of people from the salon vehicle.

The use of the claimed invention allows

1) to increase the reliability of the emergency ventilation hatch and reduce its mass-dimensional characteristics by simplifying its design and reducing the number of high-loaded parts while ensuring a high degree of tightness of the structure, mainly by ensuring optimum rigidity of the lid in combination with the original frame sealing design;

2) to ensure a significant increase in labor productivity in the manufacture of hatch components and its assembly, to ensure a reduction in its cost and an increase in service life;

3) improve the usability of the hatch by performing the hatch control knobs in the ergonomically comfortable version, taking into account the profile of the user's hand;

4) to ensure the installation of mechanisms for controlling the operation of the hatch on the short sides of a rectangular hatch due to the increased compactness of these mechanisms;

5) to ensure the safety of people when the vehicle overturns by placing traumatic elements of the mechanisms for opening / closing the cover under the protective cover - decorative facing.

Claims (5)

CLAIM 1. Emergency ventilation hatch of the vehicle body roof, containing placed on a frame, fixedly mounted on the body roof, a lid with stiffeners, two mechanisms for opening / closing the lid with limiters for lifting the lid when ventilating the passenger compartment, two latch clamps in its operating positions, device emergency reset of the lid with internal and external drives of the spacing of the latch clips and the internal protective and decorative lining, characterized in that it additionally has two opening / closing mechanisms of the lid and two clamps of the lid in its working positions, with all four mechanisms for opening / closing the lid arranged symmetrically at the corners of the hatch, the frame is made of an H-shaped section in section, mounted on a flat flange of the body roof, ΰ around the perimeter of the frame there is a seal for the lid, having an I-shape in cross section, each lid opening / closing mechanism consists of a C-shaped handle with a ribbed surface on the outside and with a horizontal oval-shaped base fixedly mounted on the lid to which at an angle of 90 °, the vertical guide rod, made in one piece with the base, is fixedly attached to the base in the form of a flat plate installed with the possibility of vertical movement and inclination laterally in the guide vertical groove horizontal body, made in the form of a parallelepiped and fixedly attached to the inner side of the frame; all four latch clamps in its working positions are placed in horizontal housings with guide grooves for the guide rods of the lid opening / closing mechanisms; each latch has a wavy profile made on both side the sides of the corresponding guide rod of the lid opening / closing mechanism, in the horizontal case of which this retainer is placed, inside each said horizontal body along its axis of symmetry, a through longitudinal horizontal cylindrical hole is made, in which two spring-loaded latches, each with a cylindrical shank and with a head having a hemispherical working part smoothly turning into a cylindrical part, are installed symmetrically towards each other and the contour of the hemispherical working part of the head coincides - 5 013763 em with the contour of the depressions of the undulating profile of the clamp, each latch has a supporting, cut along the entire length, hollow cylindrical elastic pin-regulator of the spring compression, installed in one of the transverse holes made in the horizontal case near its ends perpendicular to the axis of the longitudinal hole at different distances from the center of the horizontal body, each limiter lifting the cover is made in the form of an elastic removable cotter pin. ί7 ... ό A shaped shape mounted in a hole made at the end of the vertical guide rod parallel to its wide side. 2. Emergency ventilation hatch according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal drive of the lid release mechanism of the lid emergency release device is made in the form of two T-shaped handles with arched shoulders with a ribbed surface on the outside, each of which is installed with the possibility of vertical movement in a niche of protective and decorative lining between the opening / closing mechanisms of the lid, located on the short side of the hatch, is connected with cable ties with the two nearest locking cotter pins and is closed with a protective l korativnoy transparent lid L-shaped cross-sectional shape. 3. Emergency ventilation hatch according to claim 1, characterized in that the external drive of the lid release mechanism of the lid of the emergency relief device of the lid is made in the form of two arcuate, close to T-shaped in cross section in the horizontal plane and L-shaped in cross section in the vertical plane of handles , each of which is provided with a sealing sleeve, is installed with the possibility of horizontal displacement from the outside of the frame between the opening / closing mechanisms of the lid, located on the short side of the hatch, and is connected by rope strands and with the closest handle of the internal drive of the latch release latch and with the two nearest locking cotter pins. 4. Emergency ventilation hatch under item 1, characterized in that the ribs of the lid are made in the form of a central wide and two narrow longitudinal protrusions of a trough-shaped form, parallel to each other and the long side of the hatch. 5. Emergency ventilation hatch according to claim 1, characterized in that the emergency reset device cover is equipped with a safety file connecting the cover and frame.