EA012859B1 - Spark-plug for internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

A spark-plug has a cone or cylinder-shaped projection portion at which there are three round equidistantly spaced holes, a metal rod is arranged inside the projection portion from which three electrodes extend at an equal angle therebetween, each electrode has a globe-shaped tip. Three electrodes are directed into the holes in the projection portion by their tips through which the burning mix ignites. Since the distance between the tips and the projection portion holes is equal then sparking will be stable and equal at all tips relative to the projection portion hole walls.

Description

The technical field to which the utility model relates.

The invention relates to the field of engine building, in particular to ignition systems of internal combustion engines, and in particular to devices for igniting air-fuel mixtures.

State of the art

There is a comparative analogue: a standard spark plug with one side Vidai ignition electrode, a website on the Internet: \ u \ u \ u.Lidae15.P1-1Shr: // \ y \ u \ u.uidae15.gi / Tbekh.r11r? P = sapb1e - Rubric: Auto and motorcycle.

The Vidaei spark plug has a unique design and contains a “new element” - a thin-walled conical nozzle. The nozzle is mounted coaxially with the spark plug at the end of the housing so that the spark gap is in the center of the conical section. The nozzle is made of a special heat-resistant alloy with anticale properties and is fixed by spot welding.

The spark plug represented by this project differs from the Vidaei spark plug in the thickness of the metal from which the cone nozzle is made. The nozzle should not be made of thin-walled metal, but of metal, the thickness of which should be from 0.5 to 2.5 mm, and the metal should also have anti-heat properties. The use of thin-walled metal in the proposed project is unacceptable due to the possibility of its deformation, which will be natural after some time in the internal combustion engine. As a result of engine operation, a thin-walled nozzle will be subject to deformation, as a result of which gaps from the spherical ends of the electrodes to holes located in the conical nozzle will be violated, which can lead to incorrect spark formation (incorrect operation of the spark plug). Also, the nozzle at the Vidaei spark plug creates an obstacle to ignite the combustible mixture, as a result of which the igniting combustible mixture cannot directly ignite the rest (which has not yet been ignited), since it needs to “bypass” the obstacle that is created by the cone, and this, of course, requires the time required to completely ignite the combustible mixture. The spark plug represented by the project has openings located on the cone of the spark plug, which make it possible for a part of the flammable mixture, “through itself”, to form a “window”, to burn the rest. Therefore, the holes located on the conical (or cylindrical) nozzle of the candle in the amount of 3 pcs. Solve the problem of uniform arson of the combustible mixture through them relative to the area of ignition of the source, as the mixture is ignited through them and they are equidistant from each other. Also, igniting a combustible mixture at three different points, and not at one, of course, reduces the time (microseconds) to quickly ignite a combustible mixture, and when compared with one ignition point, the combustible mixture ignites 3 times faster.

The spark plug represented by this project has a triple electrode with spherical ends and three holes in the nozzle through which the ignition of the combustible mixture inside the internal combustion engine occurs. These holes and electrodes are absent in the Vidaia spark plug, and the ignition of the fuel mixture is carried out not at three points spaced from each other, but only at one. When comparing the efficiency with respect to the ignition points of the combustible mixture, at one point or at three, it becomes clear that in the presented model, which has three spaced apart arson points, the combustible mixture is ignited in several places at the same time, which ensures faster combustion of the combustible mixture in comparison with one point of arson. Consequently, the efficiency (COP) of the spark plug presented by this project is 3 times higher than the efficiency of the Vidai spark plug.

Utility Model Disclosure

The spark plug represented by this project has a nozzle made in the form of a cone or cylinder, on which there are three round holes equidistant from each other. Inside the nozzle there is a metal rod, from which three electrodes (Fig. 5), at the ends of which there are spherical ends, extend to the sides at an equal angle to each other. Three electrodes with their spherical ends are directed into the holes on the nozzle, through which the ignition of the combustible mixture inside the internal combustion engine occurs. Since the distances from the spherical endings to the holes on the nozzle are equal, sparking will be the same and stable at all spherical endings with respect to the holes on the nozzle.

Technical result

When using the spark plug presented by the project, we obtain indicators such as:

1) an increase in engine power with “full” (99.9%) combustion of the combustible mixture;

2) fuel economy by reducing fuel consumption;

3) environmental friendliness by percentage of exhaust (exhaust) gases into the atmosphere.

1) Since the candle represented by this project has not one, but three sparking, which are spaced relative to each other, so that they form three foci (when viewed from above, these foci of sparking resemble the corners of a triangular figure), therefore, its efficiency in relation to the quality of arson the fuel mixture in the used spark plugs will be 3 times higher than today for spark plugs, which have one focus for sparking.

2) Also, the use of a spark plug presented by the project will make it possible to save fuel not only at low engine speeds, but also at high speeds, since when using

- 012859 If the candles represented by the project receive a characteristic such as the length of the time period during which sparking and complete combustion of the combustible mixture takes place, which will be shorter than the time period during which sparking and exhaust gases occur.

Example.

Suppose that when using AI-95 gasoline, the inventors, having achieved faster ignition by replacing old spark plugs with the candles presented by the project, propose using gasoline with a low octane rating, for example, AI-92 or even AI-76 - it should be noted that without loss of engine power, which indicates the efficiency of the engine, since there will be no need to spend money on more expensive gasoline, if you can manage the cheaper one.

3) We get sparking, which in their quantity is 3 times larger than usual (single), which accordingly will give us faster burning of fuel in the cylinders of the internal combustion engine, and since the combustible mixture in the engines never completely (100%) burns out, and part If unburned fuel is emitted into the atmosphere, then this project partially solves the problem in the struggle for environmental cleanliness by emitting incompletely burned fuel into the atmosphere.

Let us explain: since the length of the period of time during which spark formation and complete combustion of the combustible mixture takes place will be shorter than the time period during which spark formation and exhaust of exhaust gases occur, the correspondingly more complete combustion of the combustible mixture in the engine will occur.

The increase in efficiency consists in a better ignition of the combustible mixture inside the cylinders of the internal combustion engine, this happens (ignition of the combustible mixture) due to the altered shape of the electrodes through which the spark ignites the combustible mixture.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 shows a Vidaia candle, a side view, where the numbers indicate the components of the candle:

- metal candle case;

- nozzle (cone);

- insulator;

- electrode contact.

In FIG. 2 shows a candle represented by this project with a partially made cut of the lower part, where:

- metal candle case;

- nozzle;

- insulator;

- holes (3 pcs.);

- electrode contact;

- triple electrode;

- spherical ending.

In FIG. 3 shows a cone-shaped nozzle (side view) with three round holes.

In FIG. 4 shows a variant of a cone-shaped nozzle (side view) with three round holes and 3 electrodes located inside the nozzle, which have spherical ends and are attached to the contact electrode at an angle of 90 °.

In FIG. 5 shows a variant of a cone-shaped nozzle (side view) with three round holes and electrodes located inside the nozzle in the amount of 3 pcs., Which have spherical ends and are attached to the contact electrode at an angle of more than 90 °.

In FIG. 6 shows a conical nozzle (bottom view) with elements visible in the drawing:

- cone nozzle;

- holes (3 pcs.);

- electrode "triple";

- spherical end of the electrode.

In FIG. 7 shows a variant of a nozzle of a cylindrical shape (side view) with three round holes and electrodes located inside (with spherical ends) in the amount of 3 pcs., Attached to the contact electrode at an angle of 90 °.

In FIG. 8 shows a variant of a nozzle of a cylindrical shape (side view) with three round holes and electrodes located inside (with spherical ends) in the amount of 3 pcs., Attached to the contact electrode at an angle of more than 90 °.

In FIG. 9 shows a nozzle of cylindrical shape in cross section, where:

- nozzle wall;

- hole;

- electrode (“triple”, one of three);

- spherical ending.

- 2 012859

In FIG. 10 shows a variant of a triple electrode (side view), where electrodes with spherical ends are attached to the contact electrode at an angle of more than 90 °, where:

- rod of the electrode contact (passing inside the candle);

- triple electrode;

- spherical ending.

In FIG. 11 shows a variant of the triple electrode of FIG. 10 (top view), where:

- rod of the electrode contact (passing inside the candle);

- triple electrode;

- spherical ending.

In FIG. 12 shows a variant of a triple electrode (side view), where electrodes with spherical ends are attached to the contact electrode at an angle of 90 °:

- rod of the electrode contact (passing inside the candle);

- triple electrode;

- spherical ending.

In FIG. 13 shows a variant of a triple electrode, FIG. 12 (top view), where:

- rod of the electrode contact (passing inside the candle);

- triple electrode;

- spherical ending.

Utility Model Implementation

To implement the working layout (according to this project) it is necessary:

1) determine what shape the candle nozzle will have:

a) conical

b) cylindrical;

2) determine for the nozzle:

a) wall thickness

b) length, upper and lower diameters,

c) the diameter of the holes (for 3 pcs.);

3) determine which option will have three electrodes with spherical ends (triple electrode):

a) with fastening to the contact electrode at an angle of 90 °, FIG. 4 or 7,

b) is attached to the contact electrode at an angle of more than 90 °, FIG. 5 or 8;

4) determine the dimensions of the triple electrode, which includes:

a) the length

b) cross-section (for) three electrodes,

c) diameter for spherical endings;

5) calculate the distance from the spherical endings to the centers of the holes.

The structural element consists in combining three parts:

1) ordinary (two contact) spark plug;

2) nozzle;

3) a triple electrode.

1) The spark plug is used as a housing to which the following elements are attached: nozzle, triple electrode.

2) The nozzle is attached to the candle, to its lower part, to the end face by spot or resistance welding.

3) The triple electrode is attached to a metal rod, which acts as a contact electrode (Fig. 2, item 5) for supplying high-voltage pulses from the ignition system via spot welding or other accessible method through wires.

The relationship between the elements is as follows.

According to the invention, the spark plug includes an annular cone-shaped or cylindrical electrode-housing, a central electrode located in the insulator, passing through the base of the candle and divided into three beams inside the candle nozzle. Each segment of the beam (meaning one of the three electrodes) located inside the nozzle departs from the central rod (which in Fig. 2, item 5 is called the electrode contact), is directed by its spherical ends from the center of the nozzle toward the hole on the nozzle and is located opposite one of the three holes (which are on the nozzle).

In the lower part of the spark plug, on which there is a thread for attaching the spark plug to the cylinder heads, there are (depending on the version) electrodes that originate from the bottom of the metal rod located inside the spark plug (contact electrode to which the wire “going” is attached from the ignition system (block)). That is, the electrodes with spherical ends originate from the central metal rod and are directed relative to the axis of the candle at an angle of 90 ° or at an angle of more than 90 °, in three directions, relative to each other at an angle of 120 °. Moreover, the ends of each of the three electrodes with spherical ends are directed to the center of the holes located

- 3 012859 on the cone of the spark plug, and are centered in relation to these holes so that the gaps from one electrode to the center of the hole, and the gaps of the other two electrodes to opposite centers relative to the holes located opposite them, are exactly microns.

It should be noted that the nozzle and electrodes with spherical endings must be made of a metal of a special heat-resistant alloy with anti-dropping properties.

The nozzle is mounted “coaxially” with the spark plug at the end of the housing by spot welding.

Electrodes with spherical ends are attached to each other and the central electrode by spot welding or in another way (Fig. 2, 4 and 5).

Consider the operation of the spark plug in the engine. After the fuel is injected into the cylinder, a compression cycle occurs, when the piston rises and the fuel mixture is injected, when the piston reaches its top dead center, at this moment a high voltage pulse is applied to the spark plug. A high voltage pulse is supplied to the spark plug from the ignition system, which, passing through the metal rod inside the spark plug, “spreads” along three electrodes, forming an electron charge at the ends of each electrode, which accumulates and has a potential greater than the resistance from the end of one of three electrodes to the wall of the round hole located on the nozzle of the candle. Breakdown occurs, as a result, the electronic charge forms a spark, which from the spherical end of the electrode moves to the wall of the round hole located on the nozzle of the candle, igniting the combustible mixture. There is no specific contact, as on a conventional model of a candle having a common potential relative to the body of the candle and the mass of the engine, in the presented model, since the spark from the spherical end “hits” the edge (wall) of the hole. The spark will not “strike” at the same place on the wall of the hole, but will arbitrarily choose a contact (from the spherical end of the electrode to the round hole) on the nozzle of the candle, and since the edges of the hole are equidistant from the end of the electrode, and the high voltage pulse does not can be the same value in volts each time, then the spark will begin to move along the edge of the hole and create an electric discharge on the wall of the hole, and not in areas around or near the holes, since it is the edges of the hole that are located on the nozzle (cone or cylinder) the plug that is nearest to the breakdown spark contact. Sparks formed by a candle begin to set fire to a combustible mixture. Note that this “arson” cycle of the combustible mixture lasts for microseconds and it is necessary to have time to ignite the entire combustible mixture, otherwise, while it continues to ignite, say, from the “slow” arson, the engine starts the cycle of lowering the piston from top dead center down and releasing from the exhaust gas cylinder. Together with the exhaust gases, not only the exhaust gases are released, but also the exhaust of the combustible mixture that is not completely burnt (in the combustion chamber). The use of the candles presented by the project will make it possible to reduce the time of ignition of the combustible mixture, during which complete ignition occurs, therefore, gases from the combustible combustible mixture will begin to collect faster in the cylinder, as well as on the basis that the combustible mixture will become “faster” to ignite (t. e. in several places, and specifically in three), then, it will ignite and begin to burn faster. Since it follows from the foregoing that the faster the entire fuel mixture ignites inside the cylinder, the correspondingly there will be more “working gases”, which will significantly affect such an indicator as an increase in engine power; increasing engine power when using the same "raw materials" (gas, gasoline) allows for cost-effective engine operation.

It is very important that the distances from the walls of the cone to the spherical ends of the electrode are equal, since non-observance of these gaps will lead to improper spark formation and instability of sparks, the number of which on each electrode should be equal.

To improve the performance during the operation of the spark plug in the internal combustion engine, it will not be superfluous to use an additional electronic unit - the “amplifier for the ignition spark” (which today can be purchased without problems).

Claims (5)

CLAIM 1. A spark plug containing a housing with a nozzle and an electrode, characterized in that the working part of the electrode is provided with several rays with spherical ends, and the nozzle has through holes, each of which is located opposite the corresponding spherical end of the electrode beam. 2. Spark plug according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle is made conical, extending from the body of the candle. 3. Spark plug according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle is cylindrical. 4. Spark plug according to claims 1–3, characterized in that the electrode beams are obtusely oblique to the longitudinal axis of the contact electrode. 5. Spark plug according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the rays of the electrode are at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the contact electrode.