EA012536B1 - Pneumatic hydraulic power plant and pneumatic hydraulic radial engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The inventive pneumatic hydraulic power plant comprises, interconnected, a primary power source which is provided with a means for concentrating air flows and power-generating equipment which comprises: a means which is used for forming a working medium into an air flow with permanent force and flow velocity characteristics and is designed in the form of a pneumatic accumulator coupled to the means for concentrating air flows and, if necessary, to a compressor, a working member in the form of a pneumatic hydraulic radial engine and a generator. The pneumatic hydraulic radial engine comprises the following components arranged in the cylindrical reservoir with a liquid as to form a hydraulic cycle: a rotor with a horizontal axis of rotation connected to the generator and blade-shaped working elements, wherein the reservoir axis coincides with the rotor axis of rotation and the blades are radially mounted on the rotor with a smallest clearance between the blades and the inner surface of the reservoir wall, wherein the reservoir, in the bottom section thereof, is hermetically coupled to the pneumatic accumulator by means of at least one inlet orifice in such a way that it makes it possible to continuously and directionally supply the air flow to the surface of the rotor blades which are situated in the area of the inlet orifice, which reservoir is provided, in the upper section thereof, with exhaust air removing means.

Description

The invention relates to machines and engines operating on liquids and the like working environments, and can be used, in particular, to convert the kinetic energy of air flow, including wind and compressed air, including the output from various technological processes, into other forms of energy (mechanical, electrical, thermal) with its subsequent use for various purposes. More specifically, the invention concerns a pneumohydraulic station, as well as a pneumohydraulic ring engine from the composition of a pneumohydraulic station.

Obtaining useful energy of all kinds using traditional energy sources - fossil energy sources such as coal, oil, gas, peat, oil shale, etc., uranium ore, is closely related to the conservation of the environment, as well as safety issues . In addition, the reserves of fossil fuels are limited. Emerging issues can be partially resolved by renewable energy sources, among which the most actively use natural water reserves. Although the use of natural water reserves for energy on an industrial scale also does not allow to fully solve issues related to the environment, it has become quite widespread in the form of hydroelectric power plants.

However, hydropower plants, especially large ones, as a rule, are located at a considerable distance from consumers, which requires the creation of extensive electrical networks of very large total length with appropriate power, switching, distribution equipment. All this leads to significant losses of electricity during its transmission over long distances, as well as to a significant increase in the cost of creating networks and maintaining their efficiency. In addition, the negative impact of hydroelectric power plants on the environment has long been known.

Air is also a fluid like water, and any stream of air has a certain kinetic energy. However, despite the thousands of years of human attempts to efficiently use the energy of the air flow, primarily wind energy, a still insufficient number of device designs have been developed for the highly efficient conversion of wind energy into other forms of energy. Attempts to use the energy of natural air currents (wind) also do not lead to the achievement of the desired results for several reasons. First of all, this is due to the instability of the air flow parameters (direction, speed, pressure, etc.), their dependence on the time of day, time of year, the geographical location of the wind power plant, and the practical absence of effective means of concentrating and storing wind energy with the possibility of its further development. dosed use. Thus, the main reason for the low efficiency and sometimes low reliability of known devices for the conversion of wind energy is the difficulty of providing constant airflow characteristics. In well-known installations, the issues of minimizing the distance from the place of energy production to the consumer are also not considered.

Taking into account the above-mentioned problems, the main efforts of the developers of wind power plants are to increase the effective area of the working elements in contact with the wind flow, as well as to create high-capacity electric accumulators that would allow to “store” excess electrical energy generated during the wind. in itself a large amount of kinetic energy to use these surpluses during periods when the kinetic energy of the air flow is not enough to generate electricity ii. For the “storage” of electrical energy, high-capacity batteries are being developed, the geometric dimensions of which also significantly increase. However, such an approach to solving the problem of uniform distribution of the kinetic energy of air streams over time does not always allow to obtain an electric current with the required constant characteristics. In addition, this leads to a significant decrease in the efficiency of wind power plants, greatly increases their cost and, moreover, this approach is not safe for the environment, since known types of batteries have a very short lifetime (usually 1-2 years), contain acids , alkali, heavy metals, etc. and require compliance with special requirements for their maintenance, disposal, etc.

Also, for reasons that are not clear, there are practically no solutions for the beneficial use of compressed air (or other compressed gaseous medium) that is removed from various technological processes by emission into the atmosphere (with pre-cleaning if necessary) to convert the energy stored in it into other types of energy.

In devices for converting energy to the flow of water into other types of energy, as a rule, water, being in air, under the action of gravity, “falls” down on the working elements of the working bodies and, in contact with the working elements of the working bodies, sets the latter into motion, for example, rotation . According to this principle, not only the industrial scale of a hydroelectric power station, but also relatively small devices that convert the energy of water flow into other forms of energy with a small output power, traditionally work.

Thus, it is known a device for converting the energy of small streams of water with low costs and pressures into electricity, which contains a water wheel with blades of a special design, connected by mechanical transmission through a gearbox to an electric generator, as well as water

- 1 012536 supply and drainage systems [1]. The proposed design features of the device, as indicated in the description, can improve the efficiency, reliability and ease of operation of the device, simplify its design as a whole.

However, not always and far from universally available are streams of water, even with the minimum necessary flow characteristics for the efficient and effective conversion of their energy into other forms of energy.

In some well-known designs of power plants, an air flow (compressed air) is used as a working fluid, and various compressors are used to form an air flow with the required characteristics. However, it should be noted that these installations use the kinetic energy of not natural air flows, but artificially created with the help of various compressors.

So, in particular, a device is known for implementing a method for extracting energy stored in liquid and gas and converting it into mechanical energy, which is made in the form of a pneumohydraulic engine [2]. A pneumatichydraulic motor contains a rotor equipped with float-buckets and immersed in a liquid supplied from the outgoing water channel of the TPP or bypass channel of the rivers. Under the float-buckets serves compressed gas compressor. Gas buckets float under the influence of Archimedes force, while the liquid transfers its heat to the expanding gas. The movement of the float-buckets is converted by the transmission into rotation of the electric generator shaft. The described device pneumohydraulic engine provides the ability to convert the energy of gas pressure and thermal energy of the liquid into mechanical and electrical energy and can be used, for example, in hydro and thermal power engineering for heat recovery of liquid media. However, the described design has several disadvantages that significantly reduce its effectiveness. First of all, to create a gas flow with specified characteristics, it is necessary to expend energy (for injecting gas, for example air, into the compressor), which significantly reduces the yield of useful energy. In addition, the variable and unstable parameters of a flowing aqueous medium can also have a negative effect on the yield of useful energy.

It is also known more complex technical solution of an energy extracting pneumohydraulic turbine, which is designed to convert the energy of compressed air, water, as well as solar energy and heat stored in the air and water [3]. The impeller axial propeller hydraulic turbine is installed in a housing with a guide and suction apparatus, the cylindrical housing is connected to a solar collector and a source of compressed air. The turbine does not require a high-level reservoir and operates in the energy pump mode. The force of buoyancy of air is converted into the energy of the water flow, which is supplied to the impeller from below due to the flow of water when it is displaced from the working part by the volume of compressed air supplied above and below the working elements. The volume of compressed air during ascent takes away the heat stored in the water and converts its mechanical work. The design does not require a high-level reservoir, since the upward flow acting on the impeller is created as a result of the replacement and overflow of the displaced water cooled in the thermally insulated expansion system with an expanding air volume. The design of the turbine allows you to use the energy of the Sun and the energy of heat stored in water and air. At the same time, the design of the turbine is very complex, and the yield of useful energy depends on many variables and unstable parameters of various media.

Also known is the energy extracting pneumohydraulic engine, designed to convert the energy of compressed air into mechanical energy [4]. The device contains a tank filled with liquid, in the upper and lower parts of which the drive wheels are located, covered by an endless working body on which bell-shaped floats are fixed. A source of compressed gas is connected to the bottom of the tank with the possibility of filling the internal cavity of each float with gas. Although the design of the engine, according to its authors, allows to increase efficiency, it is still quite cumbersome and complex. The bell-shaped floats performing the function of working elements also have a special, rather complex construction. The presence of two drive wheels, performing the function of the working body, in order to avoid engine stops or its breakdowns, requires coordination in the modes of their rotation. Also, the above-mentioned drawbacks concerning the consumption of energy for injecting air into the compressed air source and the associated decrease in the yield of useful energy remain valid.

The technical solutions of power plants in which water (or water with various additives that correct its physical, chemical, and other properties, or any other suitable liquid) and air are used as the working fluid are not known, therefore the technical solution described above set of its essential features can be considered as the closest to the claimed.

The basis of their development (by analogy with the use of energy of water flows, for example, in hydroelectric power plants with reservoirs, which act as a “pre-accumulator” of the kinetic energy of water, which is metered from the “pre-accumulator” to the working bodies of a hydroelectric power station) air flow characteristics in pneumatic power plants should also include an “air storage”, i.e. “Predakkum

- 2 012536 lator of kinetic energy of air streams - a certain reservoir or a multitude of interconnected reservoirs, in which (s) air will be contained in the required quantities, and from which it will be metered and with given flow characteristics to the working elements of the working parts.

Thus, the object of the invention is to create a design of a pneumohydraulic station, as well as a pneumohydraulic ring engine from its composition, which, when converting the energy of any air flow (natural in the form of wind, utilized from technological processes in the form of compressed air, etc.) into other types of energy , in particular, into electrical energy, regardless of the variable characteristics of the air flow at any time, provided the generation of electrical energy with constant characteristics when it reaches the maximum possible efficiency. The design of a pneumohydraulic station and a pneumohydraulic ring engine must be as simple and reliable as possible and ensure the possibility of minimizing the distance to the consumer. In addition, the performance of a pneumohydraulic station and a pneumohydraulic ring engine must be ensured in a wide range of sizes of working bodies. At the same time, the stability of the characteristics of the media used in a pneumohydraulic station and a pneumohydraulic ring engine must also be ensured.

The problem is solved declare pneumohydroelectric, containing interconnected primary source of energy and power equipment containing a means of forming the working fluid in the form of air flow with constant characteristics of force and flow velocity, the working body, equipped with work items made with the possibility of exposure to them of the working fluid, a tank with a liquid in which the working body is located, and a generator. The task is solved due to the fact that the means of forming the working fluid in the form of air flow with constant characteristics of force and flow rate is made in the form of pneumatic accumulator, if necessary, associated with the compressor, the primary energy source is equipped with a means of concentration of air flow associated with pneumatic accumulator, the working body made in the form of a pneumo-hydromotor engine, including a cylindrical liquid installed in a reservoir with a hydro-ring forming a rotor with a horizontal oriented axis of rotation associated with the generator, and working elements in the form of blades, with the axis of the tank coinciding with the axis of rotation of the rotor, the blades mounted on the rotor radially with the minimum possible clearance relative to the inner surface of the wall of the tank, in the bottom zone of the tank at least one an inlet for air flow, and in the upper zone the tank is equipped with a means of exhaust air, while the tank is tightly connected to the pneumatic accumulator with the possibility of adjustable directional flow of the supply air pressure reservoir to the surface of the rotor wings in the zone of the inlet.

In the declared pneumohydraulic station, the author, first of all, radically compared with the known schemes for organizing wind power stations, changed the sequence of arrangement of the main functional units, as well as the connections between them. So, in particular, the author proposed to accumulate not secondary (useful), but primary energy (kinetic energy of air streams), for which, as a pre-accumulator, included a pneumoaccumulator, if necessary, associated with a compressor. The design and control of pneumatic accumulators is much simpler compared to electric accumulators. At the same time, they are safe for the environment, since they do not contain hazardous substances, are durable, simple in design and maintenance, and have a negligible cost, which, provided there are adequate switching means, makes it possible to use a number of additional reserve accumulators in pneumohydraulic stations (for cases of significant wind gain up to hurricane). This solution increases the reliability of the system as a whole by several orders of magnitude, excluding the "overload" of power equipment and, as a result, its breakdown, as well as its efficiency, since virtually eliminates the dependence of the generation of useful energy with given constant characteristics on the variable characteristics of air flow, especially wind. The inventive pneumohydraulic station is operational with any characteristics of the original air flow - from complete calm to hurricane wind. This can be achieved, inter alia, thanks to the original design of a pneumatic accumulator-related means of concentration of airflows proposed by the author, which is described in more detail in the materials of a separate application for an invention.

The claimed design, primarily the design of power equipment in general and, in particular, the working body, made in the form of a pneumohydraulic ring engine, still unknown, which the author named a pneumohydraulic ring engine, ensures that the combination of all natural processes that occur during the interaction of air and liquid, in particular, aqueous media, in particular, when air is supplied to a liquid (water), when a liquid interacts with solids rotating in it, blades of the rotor, etc., which managed to get unexpectedly very high values of efficiency. High efficiency is achieved, in part, due to the energy released continuously with the inertia of the fluid rotating on the ring (hydro ring) compared to the static volume of fluid in all known structures.

A significant advantage of the proposed pneumohydro-station is the possibility of high efficiency

- 3 012536 effective use as the primary source of energy of the energy of natural air currents - wind. In this case, sufficient to ensure uninterrupted operation of power equipment, the amount of compressed air can be obtained when installing in a pneumohydraulic station means of concentration of natural air flows of a suitable design. The author has developed an original and highly efficient design of such a means of concentration of air flow, which is the subject of a separate application and will not be considered in detail in the framework of this invention.

It is also possible to use as a primary source of energy a compressed gaseous medium of any origin, for example, as already mentioned above, usually not utilized (“discharged” into the atmosphere) compressed air from various technological processes (pneumatic press, devices for blowing various products and .d) Such types of pneumohydraulic stations will significantly reduce the energy intensity of the above-mentioned technological processes due to a sharp decrease (up to zero values) of the cost of electricity consumption from the outside by compressing gaseous working media.

It is also important that in the proposed pneumohydration system, the air passage system does not have to be closed. Although the amount of energy produced by the inventive pneumohydraulic station is quite sufficient for air compression in the pneumatic accumulator (s) (closed system), and the energy consumption for air compression can reduce the efficiency only slightly.

To start the operating mode, the proposed pneumohydroelectric station passes, in fact, three steps. At the first stage, in the pneumatic accumulator (s), if necessary, by means of a compressor, a sufficient amount of compressed air accumulates for the calculated supply to the tank. At the second stage, when compressed air enters the liquid (water) in the tank, the rotor begins to rotate. However, until a given frequency of rotation is reached, the generated energy is not enough to start the generator. The acceleration of the rotor rotation occurs both in one half of the tank, due to the “pushing out” of the blades by means of air supplied continuously at this stage, to the tank, and due to the rotation of the fluid (water) and its “falling” down onto the blades, in the second half reservoir. And finally, at the third stage, when the required rotor speed is reached, the generator starts up and electric power generation begins. These processes will be discussed in more detail below. Thus, the author has determined the code name of the proposed design of a pneumohydraulic station based on the principle of its operation — a step-up aero-regulated hydro-accelerator power station, abbreviated as “Pargues”.

The task is also solved by a pneumohydraulic ring motor, including a cylindrical liquid installed in a tank with a hydro-ring forming a rotor with a horizontally oriented axis of rotation associated with a generator, and working elements in the form of blades, the axis of the tank coinciding with the axis of rotation of the rotor, the blades are installed on the rotor radially with the minimum possible clearance in relation to the inner surface of the tank wall, in the bottom zone of the tank at least one inlet is made In the upper zone, the tank is equipped with a means of exhaust air, while the tank is tightly connected to the pneumatic accumulator with the possibility of an adjustable directional flow of air to the surface of the rotor blades located in the inlet zone.

Hereinafter (to simplify the presentation), the term “water” will mean any suitable liquid, including water with various additives that change its physical, chemical, biological, etc. properties.

When dosed air supply from the pneumatic accumulator to the cylindrical tank, the air, in contact with the rotor blades, causes the rotor to rotate, and, reaching the outlet, goes beyond the tank. Thus, a situation is created in which in one half of the tank from the inlet (s) (s) to the outlet (in the direction of rotation of the rotor) in the water under the blades contain air bubbles and move upwards to the outlet of the air, and in the second half from the outlet to the inlet (s) hole (s) (in the direction of rotation of the rotor) there is only water. It is known that air is lighter than water, thus, taking into account the structure described above, water with air, located in the first half of the reservoir (in the direction of rotation of the rotor), is lighter than water located in the second half. In addition, also taking into account the structure described above, the volume of water in the tank does not remain static, and is also rotated by the rotor blades. In view of this, water in the second half “falls” down in the direction of rotation of the rotor and, thereby, and also being an inertial body (by analogy with the “flywheel”), it presses on the blades, accelerating their rotation. Moreover, the processes of energy release arise due to friction between water flows moving at different speeds, in particular, in the zone of the inner surface of the reservoir, and also due to vortex processes (due to the relatively small number of rotor turns, not so pronounced, but still taking place) - at the surface of the blades, etc. These types of additional energy can also be used in its original form - in the form of thermal energy, for example, for heating running water by heat exchange for its further use for heating, etc. Other options for converting this energy into useful energy are also possible.

- 4 012536

In principle, the processes occurring in each of the cases described above have not yet been fully studied. Moreover, there are no theoretical studies of the mutual influence of these processes. All the above information and data were obtained by the author according to the results of mathematical calculations using known formulas and corrected according to the results of testing models and prototypes.

Due to the originality of its design, the claimed pneumohydraulic ring engine has demonstrated a number of significant advantages, in comparison with other pneumohydraulic motors known from the prior art, among which are the following:

the work does not require the presence of a flowing aqueous medium. Water in a cylindrical tank is used repeatedly and for a long time, and in much smaller quantities. At the same time, along with air, water performs the function of the working fluid;

the working body - the rotor with blades in a cylindrical tank with water has the simplest design and does not contain elements that require coordination of their work, does not contain additional transmission links, does not contain elements with low reliability, etc .;

no changes in the design (except for the size of the elements) are required to obtain an output power in a wide range of values.

In principle, all the stated technical results are achieved regardless of the form of the rotor blades. However, in some preferred embodiments, the blades may have a shape curved in the direction of rotation of the rotor.

The above and other advantages and advantages of the claimed invention will be discussed in more detail on the example of possible preferred, but not limiting, forms of performance of a pneumohydraulic station and a pneumohydraulic ring engine in its composition with reference to the positions of the drawings, on which are presented:

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a pneumohydraulic station with a pneumohydraulic ring motor in one of the embodiments;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a pneumohydraulic ring engine in one of the embodiments;

FIG. 3 is a schematic depiction of the appearance of a pneumohydraulic ring engine in one of the embodiments.

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a pneumohydraulic station with a pneumohydraulic ring engine in one of the embodiments, which depicts a primary energy source with air flow concentration means 1, in which a turbine 2 is installed, connected with a pneumohydraulic ring engine as follows. The turbine 2 is connected to the compressor 3, connected in turn through the pressure distributor 4 with pneumoaccumulators made in the form of receivers 5. The outputs of the receivers 5 through the pressure distributor 6 are connected to the compressed air pipeline 7. Each receiver 5 is equipped with a safety valve 8 and a pressure gauge (not indicated in the drawing). A check valve 9 is provided between the compressor 3 and each receiver 5. The compressed air pipeline 7 is provided with valves 10, a flow meter 11, a control valve 12 and a non-return valve 13. An air injection nozzle 14 is installed at the outlet of the compressed air pipeline 7. The pneumohydraulic ring engine also includes a horizontally oriented cylindrical tank 15 with water 16, in which is placed the rotor 17 with blades 18. The axis of the tank 15 coincides with the axis 19 of the rotor 17. The blades 18 of the rotor 17 are installed with the minimum possible clearance 20 relative to the inner surface 21 walls of the tank 15 and, in fact, divide the volume of the tank into separate sectors moving in a circle during the rotation of the rotor 17. The air injection nozzle 14 is tightly connected to the cavity of the tank 15 in its bottom zone. In the upper zone of the tank 15, an outlet 23 is made to exhaust exhaust air from the air-water mixture 22. The pulley 24 of the rotor 17 is connected to the pulley 26 of the generator 27, in this form of implementation, by a V-belt transmission 25. In general, the transmission of torque from the pulley 24 the rotor 17 to the pulley 26 of the generator can be carried out by any other type of transmission. The generator 27 is equipped with a tachometer 28, a load sensor 29, a voltage regulator 30, and through a switching protective device 31 an electrical wiring 32 is connected to it, intended to supply electricity to the consumer. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the embodiment of the proposed pneumohydraulic station is provided with means 1 for concentrating air flows of a special design developed by the author, which is the subject of a separate application for the invention and is shown here only schematically. In particular, the air flow concentration means 1 comprises a base 33, on which the guides 34 and the roof 35 with the exhaust hole 36 are mounted.

Presented in FIG. 1 form of the proposed pneumohydraulic can be used to convert, in particular, wind energy or energy derived from technological processes of compressed air into electrical energy. At the same time, with a corresponding change in the circuit after the generator 27, the wind energy or the energy of the compressed air extracted from the technological processes can be converted into mechanical or thermal energy. The presented scheme does not provide for energy consumption for maintaining pressure in the receivers and is open-ended in this respect, i.e. the energy produced by the pneumohydraulic station is not spent on maintaining workers

- 5 012536 station parameters, in particular pressure, and in full transferred to the consumer. As already mentioned, such schemes are preferable in the presence of a primary source of energy in the form of natural air currents (wind) or compressed air taken out of technological processes.

At the same time, a closed circuit is possible in which ordinary air is used as the primary source of energy, which is injected into a pneumatic accumulator by means of a compressor powered by the energy produced by a pneumo-hydraulic ring motor.

Thus, in FIG. 2 shows a diagram of a pneumohydraulic ring engine, made according to a closed circuit, in one of the possible embodiments.

Pneumatical motor includes interconnected pneumatic accumulator (receiver 37), compressor 38, rotor 17 with a horizontally oriented axis of rotation 19, equipped with working elements in the form of radially located blades 18 and installed in a cylinder 15 with water 16, axis of a cylindrical tank 15 coincides with the axis 19 of rotation of the rotor 17, and the generator 27. The receiver 37 is equipped with a pressure gauge 39 and a safety valve 40. A non-return valve 41 is provided between the compressor 38 and the receiver 37. In addition, an air control valve 43, a tee 44, a check valve 45, a flow meter 46 are provided. At the outlet of the compressed air pipe 42, an air injection nozzle 47 is installed.

The air injection nozzle 47 is hermetically connected to the cavity of the reservoir 15 in its bottom zone. In the upper zone of the tank 15, an outlet 23 is made to exhaust exhaust air from the air-water mixture 22. The pulley 24 of the rotor 17 is connected by a V-belt drive 25 to the pulley 26 of the generator 27. The generator 27 is equipped with a tachometer 28. The electrical circuit at the output of the generator 27 contains electrical measuring devices 48 (A - ammeter, V - voltmeter), the battery 49, the switch 50 of the power mode of the compressor 38, associated with the electric drive 51 of the compressor 38, as well as the block 52 of switching the load associated with the electrical load 53.

The blades 18 of the rotor 17 are installed with the minimum possible gap 20 relative to the inner surface 21 of the wall of the tank 15.

The described scheme of the pneumohydraulic ring engine represents a closed system, the maintenance of which is carried out by an insignificant part of the electrical energy produced by the pneumohydraulic ring motor. In addition, a set of means is provided for regulating the consumption of electrical energy for air compression.

FIG. 3 schematically shows the appearance of a pneumohydraulic ring engine in one of the embodiments. The inventive pneumohydraulic ring engine is mounted on frame 54 and contains pneumohydraulic ring drive 55, generator 56, receiver 57, compressor 58, battery 59, control station 60 with adjusting valves 61. The pneumohydraulic ring actuator includes a cylindrical tank (case 62), in a cavity which is coaxial with the case 62 a rotor 63 is installed, equipped with radially arranged blades 64. The pulley 65 of the rotor 63 is connected with the pulley 66 of the generator 56 by a V-belt drive 67. The pneumo-hydraulic ring drive 55 is mounted on the frame 54 by means of the supports 68 eniya. In the upper zone of the housing 62, an overpressure compensator 69 is provided. The receiver 57 is hermetically connected to the cavity of the pneumohydraulic ring actuator 55 by means of injection nozzles 70. The generator 56 is associated with an electrical load 71.

The operation of the inventive pneumohydraulic ring engine as part of the inventive pneumohydraulic station will be discussed in more detail using one of the possible, but non-limiting forms of implementation with reference to the positions of FIG. 1 drawings.

The design features of the means 1 for the concentration of air currents (wind) in accordance with that shown in FIG. 1 and the embodiment in question ensure the constant presence of air streams moving along the guides 34 from the base 33 to the roof 35 with an outlet 36 (in the directions indicated by arrows), which results in a constant rotation of the rotor 2 and, consequently, air compression in the compressor 3. Distributor 4 pressure depending on the air pressure in the compressor 3 and in the receivers 5 distributes the air through the receivers 5. In principle, in the inventive pneumohydraulic station it is possible to provide any necessary amount GUT receivers 5. Each receiver 5 is provided with a manometer for pressure control and relief valve 8 for pressure relief. The check valve 9 between the compressor 3 and each receiver 5 is used to block the flow of air into the receiver 5 when the specified pressure in this receiver 5 is reached. From the outlet of the receiver 5 through the pressure distributor 6, the compressed air enters the compressed air pipeline 7. To regulate the parameters of the air flow metered through the air injection nozzle 14 into the water 16 located in the cylindrical tank 15, in this embodiment, valves 10, a flow meter 11, a control valve 12 and a check valve 13 are provided in the compressed air pipeline 7 a given amount through the nozzle 14 air injection installed in the bottom zone of a cylindrical tank, enters the water 16. According to Archimedes, being lighter than water, the air, rising up, "hits" on the surface of the first lobe Part 18 (in this form of execution on the surface of the blade 18 located to the right of the air injection nozzle 14) and begins to “push” it, causing the turbine 17 as a whole to rotate. The first blade 18 is rotated by the turbine 17 and, thus, moves to the compressed air supply zone

- 6 012536 second and subsequent blades 18. The blades 18 are placed on the turbine 17 radially so that they form practically separate sectors of the tank 15 (except for the minimum possible gap 20 between the blades 18 and the inner surface 21 of the cylindrical tank 15). Thus, in working condition (except for the period of entry into working condition) in half of the sectors of the tank 15 will be air-water mixture 22, and in the second half - water 16. For this form of execution, respectively, in the right and left half. In each sector of the right half, the air from the air-water mixture will strive to rise upwards, pushing the corresponding blades 18. Reaching the upper zone of the tank 15, in which the outlet 23 is located to exhaust exhaust air, air is released from the air-water mixture 22 and removed from the device . If necessary, additional means of air purification may be provided (filters, etc.). Thus, in the left half of the cylindrical tank 15 there is only water 16 without air. Taking into account the fact that at the same volumes the water is heavier than the air-water mixture, in the left half in each sector the water 16 will tend to fall down, creating pressure on the corresponding blades 18 and thus accelerating their rotation. In principle, other processes already mentioned above will take place in the pneumatic-hydraulic drive of the described construction. Moreover, the tests showed that the processes unaccounted for in the course of the interaction between the elements of a pneumo-hydraulic engine located in the cylindrical tank 15 have a positive effect on the operation of the pneumo-hydraulic engine as a whole, increasing the yield of useful energy.

Under the action of the described processes, the rotor 17 rotates around the axis of rotation 19. From the pulley 24 of the rotor 17 by means of, for example, a V-belt transmission 25, the rotation is transmitted to the pulley 26 of the generator 27 and the production of useful energy begins. To control the process (in particular, the generator 27), a tachometer 28, a load sensor 29, a voltage regulator 30 are provided. For supplying electricity to the consumer, a switching protective device 31 with electrical wiring 32 connected to it is provided.

The results of calculations and tests of pneumatic ring motors of the claimed design of various sizes (wheel diameter 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 m) and variants are given in table. 1-4.

Table 1

Parameter Version of the pneumohydraulic ring engine option 1 option 2 option 3 option 4 option 5 option 6 option 7 option 8 option 1 option 10 Initial data Diameter of hydro-ring, m one one one one one ^{one one one} one one Hydro-ring thickness, m 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.1 0.1 0.1 Wheel diameter (turbines), m 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.8 Number of working sections sixteen sixteen sixteen sixteen sixteen sixteen sixteen sixteen sixteen sixteen Calculation results Volume of the working chamber, l 85.0 100.5 80.0 56.5 75.4 60.0 42.4 50.2 40.0 28.3 Section volume, l 5.3 6.3 5.0 3.5 4.7 3.8 2.7 3.2 2.5 1.8 Required air volume, l 23.3 27.6 22.0 15.5 20.7 16.5 H, 7 13.8 11.0 7,8 Shaft rotation frequency, min ' ¹ 14.6 15.8 15.2 14.6 15.8 15.2 14.6 15.8 15.2 14.6 Power, W 323.5 387.3 307.0 215.7 290.5 230.0 162.0 194.0 153.5 108.0 Estimated air supply, l / s 12.2 16.3 12.2 8.14 12.2 9.2 6.1 8.2 6.1 4.0 Specific air consumption, l / W 0.0377 0.0421 0.0397 0.0377 0.0420 0.0400 0.0377 0.423 0.0397 0.0370

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table 2

Parameter Version of the pneumohydraulic ring engine option 1 | option 2 | option 3 | option 4 | option 5 | option 6 | option 7 | option 8 | option 1 | option 10 Initial data Diameter of hydro-ring, m 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Hydro-ring thickness, m oz 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.1 0.1 0.1 Wheel diameter (turbines), m 1,3 and 1.2 1,3 1.1 1.2 1,3 1.1 1.2 1,3 Number of working sections sixteen sixteen sixteen sixteen sixteen sixteen sixteen sixteen sixteen sixteen Calculation results Volume of the working chamber, l 132.0 163.3 127.2 88.0 122.5 95.4 66.0 81.6 63.6 44.0 Section volume, l 8.2 10.2 8.0 5.5 7.7 6.0 4.1 5.1 4.0 2.8 47.0 Required Volume air l 38.0 47.0 36.6 25.3 35.2 27.4 19.0 23.5 18.3 12.7 Shaft rotation frequency, min ' ¹ 11.0 11.6 11.3 11.0 11.6 11.3 11.0 11.6 11.3 11.0 Power, W 500.0 620.0 481.8 333.0 465.0 361.2 250.0 310.0 241.0 166.2 Estimated air supply, l / s 12.8 17.0 12.8 8.5 12,765 9.6 6.4 8.5 6.4 4.3 Specific air consumption, l / W 0.0256 0.0274 0.0266 0.0255 0.0275 0.0266 0.0256 0.0274 0.0266 0.0259

Table 3

Parameter Version of the pneumohydraulic ring engine option 1 option 2 option 3 option 4 option 5 option 6 option 7 option 8 option 1 option 10 Initial data Diameter of hydro-ring, m 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Hydro-ring thickness, m 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.1 0.1 0.1 Wheel diameter (turbines), m 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.8 Number of working sections sixteen sixteen sixteen sixteen sixteen sixteen sixteen sixteen sixteen sixteen Calculation results Volume of the working chamber, l 179.0 226.0 174.3 119.3 169.6 130.7 89.5 113.0 87.1 60.0 Section volume, l 11.2 14.1 11, o 7,6 10.6 8.2 5.6 7.0 5.5 3.7 Required air volume, l 53.7 67.8 52.3 35.8 50.9 39.2 26.9 33.9 26.1 18.0 Shaft rotation frequency, min ⁴ 9.2 9.5 9.3 9.2 9.5 9.3 9.2 9.5 9.3 9.2 Power, W 680.0 860, 663.0 453.2 646 500 340 430.5 332.0 226.6 Estimated air supply, l / s 13.3 17,8 13.3 8,8 13.32 9.9 6.7 8.9 6.7 4.44 Specific air consumption, l / W 0.0377 0.0421 0.0397 0.0377 0.0420 0.0400 0.0377 0.0423 0.0397 0.0370

Table 4

Parameter Version of the pneumohydraulic ring engine option 1 option 2 option 3 option 4 option 5 option 6 option 7 option 8 option 1 option 10 Initial data Diameter of hydro-ring, m 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Hydro-ring thickness, m 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.1 0.1 0.1 Wheel diameter (turbines), m 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.8 Number of working sections sixteen sixteen sixteen sixteen sixteen sixteen sixteen sixteen sixteen sixteen Calculation results Volume of the working chamber, l 273.2 351.7 268.5 182.1 263.8 201.4 136.6 175,8 134.2 91.0 Section volume, l 17.1 22.0 16.8 11.4 16.5 12.6 8.6 11.0 8.4 5.7 Required air volume, l 88,8 114.3 87.3 59.2 85.7 65.4 44.4 57.2 43.6 30.0 Shaft rotation frequency, min ' ¹ 7.1 7.3 7.2 7.1 7.3 7.2 7.1 7.3 7.2 7.1 Power, W 1065.0 1370.6 1046.0 708,8 1030.0 784.2 531.6 685.3 523.0 355.0 Estimated air supply, l / s 14.4 19.2 14.4 9.6 14.4 10.8 7.2 9.6 7.2 4.8 Specific air consumption, l / W 0.0377 0.0421 0.0397 0.0377 0.0420 0.0400 0.0377 0.0423 0.0397 0.0370

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Literature:

1. Patent VI No. 2306453 C1, publ. September 20, 2007.

2. Patent VI No. 2059110 C1, publ. 04/27/1996.

3. Patent VI No. 2120058 C1, publ. 10.10.1998.

4. Patent VI No. 2160381 C2, publ. 12/10/2000.

Claims (3)

CLAIM 1. Pneumohydrostation, containing interconnected primary energy source and power equipment, containing means for forming a working fluid in the form of an air stream with constant characteristics of force and velocity, a working body equipped with working elements configured to influence the working fluid, a reservoir with the fluid in which the working body is located, and a generator, characterized in that the means of forming the working fluid in the form of an air stream with constant characteristics of force and velocity the flow is made in the form of a pneumatic accumulator, if necessary, connected with a compressor, the primary energy source is equipped with a means of concentration of air flows associated with a pneumatic accumulator, the working body is made in the form of a pneumohydro-ring engine, including a rotor with a horizontally oriented rotor ring mounted in a reservoir with a liquid the axis of rotation associated with the generator, and the working elements in the form of blades, and the axis of the tank coincides with the axis of rotation of the rotor, l the spares are mounted on the rotor radially with the smallest possible clearance with respect to the inner surface of the tank wall, at least one inlet for supplying an air flow is made in the bottom zone of the tank, and in the upper zone the tank is equipped with exhaust air exhaust, and the tank is hermetically connected to with a pneumatic accumulator with the possibility of adjustable directional flow of air from the pneumatic accumulator to the surface of the rotor blades located in the inlet area. 2. A pneumohydro-ring engine, including a rotor with a horizontally oriented axis of rotation, connected to a generator, and working elements in the form of blades, the axis of the tank coinciding with the axis of rotation of the rotor, the blades mounted on the rotor radially with a minimum a possible gap with respect to the inner surface of the tank wall, at least one inlet for supplying an air stream is made in the bottom zone of the tank, and in rhney reservoir zone provided with means for removing waste air, wherein the reservoir is hermetically connected with the pneumatic accumulator, with an adjustable supply air flow directed onto the surface of the rotor wings in the zone of the inlet. 3. The pneumohydro-ring engine according to claim 2, characterized in that the blades have a shape curved in the direction of rotation of the rotor.