DK9300457U3

DK9300457U3 - Biofilter

Info

Publication number: DK9300457U3
Application number: DK9300457U
Authority: DK
Inventors: Arne Kjaer Poulsen; Per Brock; Lars Brock; Nielsen Olav Krogh
Original assignee: Bbk Bio Air Clean Aps
Priority date: 1993-10-14
Filing date: 1993-10-14
Publication date: 1993-11-26

Description

i DK 93 00457 U3and DK 93 00457 U3

Den foreliggende opfindelse angår et biofilter til brug ved desodori-sering af røggas ved nedbrydning af gasformige komponenter, hvor røggassen ledes gennem filtret, der omfatter et inaktivt bæremateriale, som fortrinsvis består af en kombination af uorganisk og organisk 5 materiale, hvilket filter tillige omfatter et biologisk aktivt medium, fortrinsvis mikroorganismer.The present invention relates to a biofilter for use in deodorizing flue gas by decomposing gaseous components, wherein the flue gas is passed through the filter, comprising an inert carrier material, which preferably consists of a combination of inorganic and organic material, which filter also comprises a biologically active medium, preferably microorganisms.

Opfindelsen angår tillige en filtermasse til brug i et biotilter ifølge opfindelsen samt en anvendelse af biologiske organismer med 10 specifikke egenskaber.The invention also relates to a filter mass for use in a biofilter according to the invention as well as to a use of biological organisms with specific properties.

DK fremlæggelsesskrift nr. 144458 beskriver en fremgangsmåde til udskillelse af gasformige forureninger fra et gasformigt medium. Udskillelsen sker i et filter med et biologisk aktivt medium, som består af 15 organisk affaldsmateriale og/eller klarslam samt eventuelt kompost. Et biologisk medium bestående af disse komponenter vil kunne absorbere en lang række forskellige lugte fra spildgasser. Imidlertid vil dette biologiske medium ikke være specifikt anvendeligt for en speciel lugt i en given spildgas, hvorfor der vil være mange mikroorganismer i me-20 diet, som ikke er nødvendige. I et biologisk aktivt medium af denne art vil der således være et stort antal forskellige mikroorganismer, hvor nogle er aktive, nogle nedbryder de aktive, medens endnu andre er passive. Effektiviteten i forhold til filtrets størrelse vil derfor være begrænset.DK Offenlegungsschrift No. 144458 describes a method for separating gaseous pollutants from a gaseous medium. The excretion takes place in a filter with a biologically active medium, which consists of 15 organic waste material and / or clear sludge as well as any compost. A biological medium consisting of these components will be able to absorb a wide variety of odors from waste gases. However, this biological medium will not be specifically useful for a particular odor in a given waste gas, so there will be many microorganisms in the medium that are not needed. Thus, in a biologically active medium of this kind, there will be a large number of different microorganisms, some of which are active, some degrade the active ones, while still others are passive. The efficiency in relation to the size of the filter will therefore be limited.

25 DE patent nr. 3.345.944 beskriver en fremgangsmåde til udskillelse af gasformige organiske forureningsstoffer ved oxidation med bakterier. Bakterierne omfatter de bakterier, som er indeholdt i klarslam. Ligesom for fremgangsmåden beskrevet i ovennævnte fremlæggelsesskrift er 30 dette en ulempe, da et sådant biologisk medium består af en lang række bakterier, der ikke alle er aktive i udskillelsesprocessen. Endvidere er der den ulempe, at bakterier, der er indeholdt i klarslam, for det meste er an-aerobe bakterier, som er mindre effektive end aerobe bakterier.DE Patent No. 3,345,944 describes a process for the separation of gaseous organic pollutants by oxidation with bacteria. The bacteria include the bacteria contained in clear sludge. As with the method described in the above-mentioned presentation, this is a disadvantage, since such a biological medium consists of a large number of bacteria, not all of which are active in the excretion process. Furthermore, there is the disadvantage that bacteria contained in clear sludge are mostly anaerobic bacteria which are less effective than aerobic bacteria.

35 EP patentansøgning nr. 0.454.661 beskriver et biofilter til rensning af forureningsgasser. Biofiltret består af en blanding af porøst betongranulat og et jordbundsmateriale i et givet blandingsforhold og med en given kornstørrelse. Sammensætningen af jordbundsmaterialet er 2 DK 93 00457 U3 ikke præciseret, men jordbundsmaterialer, som humus eller tørv, indeholder, ligesom de biologiske medier, der er nævnt i patentskrifterne ovenfor, en mængde forskellige bakterier, hvoraf langt fra alle er aktive i udskillelsesprocessen.EP Patent Application No. 0,454,661 describes a biofilter for purifying pollutant gases. The biofilter consists of a mixture of porous concrete granules and a soil material in a given mixing ratio and with a given grain size. The composition of the soil material is not specified, but soil materials such as humus or peat contain, like the biological media mentioned in the patents above, a number of different bacteria, far from all of which are active in the excretion process.

Fælles for den kendte teknik, der er beskrevet i ovennævnte patentskrifter, er, at der ikke foretages nogen kvalitativ vurdering af, hvilke biologiske organismer, der er mest velegnede til brug ved de beskrevne fremgangsmåder eller filtre. Herved mindskes effektiviteten af filtrene, idet der vil være organismer, som ikke er aktive i nedbrydningsprocessen.Common to the prior art described in the above patents is that no qualitative assessment is made of which biological organisms are most suitable for use in the methods or filters described. This reduces the efficiency of the filters, as there will be organisms that are not active in the degradation process.

Det er således formålet med den foreliggende opfindelse at anvise et biofilter med en langt højere effektivitet end de kendte biofiltre til rensning af røggasser.Thus, it is the object of the present invention to provide a biofilter with a much higher efficiency than the known biofilters for purifying flue gases.

Dette opnås med et biofilter af den indledningsvis nævnte type, og som er særpræget ved, at i det mindste den organiske del af bærematerialet er steriliseret, og at biologiske organismer med specifikke egenskaber, der er udvalgt som biologisk aktivt medium, er tilsat bærematerialet.This is achieved with a biofilter of the type mentioned in the introduction, which is characterized in that at least the organic part of the carrier material is sterilized and that biological organisms with specific properties selected as biologically active medium are added to the carrier material.

Et biofilters effektivitet er fastsat af antallet af aktive biologiske organismer, deriblandt mikroorganismer, såsom bakterier og svampe, per volumenenhed, og voluminet afhænger af det bæremateriale, der benyttes samt af, hvor stor en koncentration af mikroorganismer, der kan indeholdes i dette bæremateriale.The efficiency of a biofilter is determined by the number of active biological organisms, including microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, per unit volume, and the volume depends on the carrier material used and on the concentration of microorganisms that may be contained in this carrier material.

Med et biofilter og et filtermateriale ifølge opfindelsen opnås en meget høj effektivitet af et biofilter, som benyttes i forbindelse med opfindelsen. Bærematerialet består fortrinsvis af en blanding af uorganiske og organiske materialer, for eksempel opblærede lerprodukter, såsom Fibo- eller Leca-nødder, lava, vermiculit, plastgranulat, m.v. tilsat for eksempel kompost, slam, sphagnum, humus eller andet organisk materiale. Tilsætningen af det organiske materiale sikrer blandt andet, at mikroorganismerne har noget at ernære sig ved, når tilledningen af røggas mindskes, eller når røggassens indhold af næringsstoffer nedsættes.With a biofilter and a filter material according to the invention a very high efficiency of a biofilter which is used in connection with the invention is achieved. The carrier material preferably consists of a mixture of inorganic and organic materials, for example blown clay products, such as Fibo or Leca nuts, lava, vermiculite, plastic granules, etc. added for example compost, sludge, sphagnum, humus or other organic material. The addition of the organic material ensures, among other things, that the microorganisms have something to feed on when the supply of flue gas is reduced or when the flue gas' nutrient content is reduced.

3 DK 93 00457 U33 DK 93 00457 U3

Dette bæremateriale, som består af en specifik kombination af ovennævnte eller andre egnede materialer, udsættes for en pasteurisering, en strålebehandling, eller anden termisk, mekanisk eller kemisk behandling for derved at sterilisere bærematerialet. Når bærematerialet 5 er steriliseret, befinder der sig ingen levende organismer i materialet, primært er alle mikroorganismer til intetgjort.This carrier material, which consists of a specific combination of the above or other suitable materials, is subjected to a pasteurization, a radiation treatment, or other thermal, mechanical or chemical treatment, thereby sterilizing the carrier material. When the carrier material 5 has been sterilized, there are no living organisms in the material, primarily all microorganisms have been destroyed.

Derefter tilsættes udvalgte mikroorganismer med specifikke egenskaber, som er udvalgt under hensyntagen til den eller de røggasser, der skal 10 desodoriseres. Der tilsættes en så stor mængde af de specifikke mikroorganismer, at filtret mættes med disse. Herved mindskes risikoen for, at andre uønskede mikroorganismer får mulighed for at fortrænge de aktive mikroorganismer og etablere sig i filtret. For at fastholde den nødvendige population af aktive mikroorganismer vil det i perioder, 15 hvor røggassen ikke indeholder tilstrækkelige næringsstoffer for mikroorganismerne, være nødvendigt at tilsætte yderligere næringsstoffer, således at mikroorganismerne kan overleve og formere sig.Then selected microorganisms with specific properties are selected, which are selected taking into account the flue gas or gases to be deodorized. Such a large amount of the specific microorganisms is added that the filter is saturated with these. This reduces the risk that other unwanted microorganisms will have the opportunity to displace the active microorganisms and establish themselves in the filter. In order to maintain the necessary population of active microorganisms, during periods when the flue gas does not contain sufficient nutrients for the microorganisms, it will be necessary to add additional nutrients so that the microorganisms can survive and multiply.

Da filtret udelukkende indeholder udvalgte mikroorganismer med speci-20 fikke egenskaber og ikke indeholder uønskede mikroorganismer, som enten er passive, eller som ernærer sig ved de aktive mikroorganismer, er effektiviteten af filtret derfor så høj, som den kan blive, idet alle mikroorganismerne er aktive.Since the filter contains only selected microorganisms with specific properties and does not contain unwanted microorganisms which are either passive or which feed on the active microorganisms, the efficiency of the filter is therefore as high as it can be, as all the microorganisms are active .

25 For yderligere at sikre en høj effektivitet af filtret benyttes fortrinsvis aerobe bakterier og eventuelt svampe. De aerobe mikroorganismers omsætningshastighed for de pågældende røggasser er højere end de an-aerobe mikroorganismers omsætningshastighed.To further ensure a high efficiency of the filter, aerobic bacteria and possibly fungi are preferably used. The turnover rate of the aerobic microorganisms for the flue gases in question is higher than the turnover rate of the anaerobic microorganisms.

30 En foretrukket måde at opbygge filtret på er primært at sterilisere den organiske del af bærematerialet og om muligt at undlade at sterilisere den uorganiske del, idet denne sjældent vil indeholde nogle mikroorganismer. Ved kun at sterilisere den organiske del mindskes omkostningerne ved steriliseringen væsentligt. Det kan dog i visse 35 tilfælde vise sig nødvendigt tillige at sterilisere den uorganiske del. Blandingen af den steriliserede organiske del og den valgfrit usteril i serede eller steriliserede uorganiske del af bærematerialet leveres til forbrugeren i tætsluttende sække eller anden form for emballage, der forhindrer mikroorganismer i at trænge ind til bæremate- 4 DK 93 00457 U3 rialet.A preferred way of constructing the filter is primarily to sterilize the organic part of the carrier material and, if possible, to refrain from sterilizing the inorganic part, as this will rarely contain any microorganisms. By sterilizing only the organic part, the cost of sterilization is significantly reduced. However, in some cases it may be necessary to sterilize the inorganic part as well. The mixture of the sterilized organic part and the optional sterile in serrated or sterilized inorganic part of the carrier material is supplied to the consumer in tight-fitting bags or other type of packaging which prevents microorganisms from penetrating the carrier material 4 DK 93 00457 U3.

Ved anvendelseskilden tilsættes bærematerialet umiddelbart inden anlægget tages i brug. Bærematerialet fugtes ved tilsætning af vand fortrinsvis i form af tågeforstøvet vand for at opbygge den korrekte fugtighed i filtret for mikroorganismernes overlevelse. Der tilsættes som tidligere nævnt eventuelt også yderligere næringssubstrater udover den organiske del af bærematerialet for at sikre en tilstrækkelig mængde føde for mikroorganismerne i perioder, hvor røggassens indhold af næringsstoffer er lavt.At the source of use, the carrier material is added immediately before the system is used. The carrier material is moistened by the addition of water, preferably in the form of mist-atomized water, in order to build up the correct moisture in the filter for the survival of the microorganisms. As previously mentioned, additional nutrient substrates may also be added in addition to the organic part of the carrier material in order to ensure a sufficient amount of food for the microorganisms during periods when the flue gas content of nutrients is low.

Afslutningsvis tilsættes de specifikt udvalgte mikroorganismer, som med kombinationen af organisk og uorganisk bæremateriale uden fremmede mikroorganismer bibringes optimale 'levebetingelser. Mængden af de mikroorganismer, der tilsættes, fastlægges således, at biofiltret i det mindste er mættet, eventuelt overmættet, hvorved andre mikroorganismer ikke får mulighed for at etablere sig.Finally, the specifically selected microorganisms are added, which, with the combination of organic and inorganic carrier material without foreign microorganisms, are provided with optimal living conditions. The amount of microorganisms that are added is determined so that the biofilter is at least saturated, possibly supersaturated, whereby other microorganisms are not allowed to establish themselves.

Under anlæggets drift skal det til stadighed sikres, at fugtigheds- og næringsforholdene i filtret er tilstrækkelige til, at mikroorganismerne kan overleve og formere sig for fastholdelse af populationen af de specifikke aktive mikroorganismer. Filtret er derfor forsynet med et vandforstøvningsanlæg, der giver mulighed for en kontinuert og jævnt fordelt befugtning af anlægget. Da der primært tilsættes aerobe mikroorganismer til filtret, er det vigtigt, at der ikke tilsættes så store mængder vand, at ilten fortrænges, og mikroorganismerne derved omkommer. Endvidere tilsættes sure og basiske komponenter for at opretholde den korrekte pH-værdi for mikroorganismernes overlevelse, hvilket for de fleste organismer er pH = 7.During operation of the plant, it must be ensured at all times that the moisture and nutrient conditions in the filter are sufficient for the microorganisms to survive and multiply in order to maintain the population of the specific active microorganisms. The filter is therefore equipped with a water atomizing system, which allows for a continuous and evenly distributed humidification of the system. Since aerobic microorganisms are primarily added to the filter, it is important that such large amounts of water are not added that the oxygen is displaced and the microorganisms are thereby killed. Furthermore, acidic and basic components are added to maintain the correct pH for the survival of the microorganisms, which for most organisms is pH = 7.

De mikroorganismer, der tilsættes filtret, varierer afhængig af den lugt, der skal fjernes. Der tilsættes enten bakterier eller svampe eller en blanding af disse to former for mikroorganismer. Filtret kan også tilsættes makroorganismer i form af levende planter, som også kan have en nedbrydende effekt på røggassens lugte.The microorganisms added to the filter vary depending on the odor to be removed. Either bacteria or fungi or a mixture of these two types of microorganisms are added. The filter can also be added to macro-organisms in the form of living plants, which can also have a degrading effect on the odor of the flue gas.

Et udvalg af mikroorganismer, der kan benyttes, uden at det på nogen måde er en udtømmende angivelse, vil være følgende: Bakterier, såsom nitrifikationsbakterier, mycobakterier, chemolithotrophenbakterier, 5 DK 93 00457 U3 coryneformede bakterier, micromonospora- og hyphomicrobium sp. bakterier, Cromo- og Flavobakterier, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Thiobacillus, Xanthobacter sp., Nocardia sp., Proteus, Streptomyces sp. og Actino-myces m.fl.. Derudover vil et stort udvalg af svampe kunne benyttes, 5 såsom Penicillum sp., Cephalosprium sp., Mucor sp., Circinella sp., Cephalotecium sp., Ovularia sp. og Stemphilium sp. m.fl.A selection of microorganisms that can be used without being in any way an exhaustive indication will be the following: Bacteria, such as nitrification bacteria, mycobacteria, chemolithotrophen bacteria, coryneform bacteria, micromonospora and hyphomicrobium sp. bacteria, Cromo- and Flavobacteria, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Thiobacillus, Xanthobacter sp., Nocardia sp., Proteus, Streptomyces sp. and Actino-myces etc. In addition, a large variety of fungi can be used, such as Penicillum sp., Cephalosprium sp., Mucor sp., Circinella sp., Cephalotecium sp., Ovularia sp. and Stemphilium sp. m.fl.

Ovennævnte mikroorganismer omfatter kun typerne bakterier og svampe. Dette udelukker imidlertid ikke, at det eventuelt vil være muligt også 10 at benytte gær ved desodoriseringen af røggassen.The above microorganisms include only the types of bacteria and fungi. However, this does not exclude that it may also be possible to use yeast in the deodorization of the flue gas.

I det følgende opstilles tabeller, der viser effektiviteten af forskellige biofiltre, dels kendte filtre og dels filtre ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse. Der er foretaget målinger af effektiviteten ved rens-15 ning for henholdsvis svovlbrinte (HgS), mercaptaner og ammoniak (NH3).In the following, tables are set up showing the efficiency of various biofilters, partly known filters and partly filters according to the present invention. Measurements have been made of the efficiency of purification for hydrogen sulphide (HgS), mercaptans and ammonia (NH3), respectively.

Forklåring-ti 1 de i tabellerne anvendte forkortelser og enheder: IND. Røggassens indhold ved tilledning til biofiltret.Explanation-ti 1 the abbreviations and units used in the tables: IND. The content of the flue gas when fed to the biofilter.

20 25 30 BIO. Biofilter bestående af ca. 4000 m^ "bed-type"-filter indeholdene blandt andet lyng og sphagnum.20 25 30 BIO. Biofilter consisting of approx. 4000 m ^ "bed-type" filter containing, among other things, heather and sphagnum.

ANL. 1 Kendt anlæg bestående af en biosorp indeholdende filtermasse med knust lava og sphagnum fra rensningsanlæg.ANL. 1 Known plant consisting of a biosorp containing filter mass with crushed lava and sphagnum from treatment plants.

ANL. 2 Kendt anlæg bestående af en biosorp indeholdende filtermasse med sphagnum og Leca podet med slam fra rensningsanlæg.ANL. 2 Known plant consisting of a biosorp containing filter mass with sphagnum and Leca inoculated with sludge from treatment plants.

ANL. 3 Anlæg til brug ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen og bestående af en biosorp indeholdende filtermasse ifølge opfindelsen med 15 vol% 0-4mm Leca, 35 vol% 4-10mm Leca, 50 vol% pasteuriseret kompost (ormekompost) og mikroorganismer type A-92.ANL. Plant for use in the method according to the invention and consisting of a biosorp containing filter mass according to the invention with 15 vol% 0-4mm Leca, 35 vol% 4-10mm Leca, 50 vol% pasteurized compost (worm compost) and microorganisms type A-92.

ANL. 4 Anlæg til brug ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen og bestående af en biosorp indeholdende filtermasse ifølge opfindelsen med 15 vol% 0-4mm Leca, 35 vol% 4-10mm Leca, 50 vol% pasteuriseret kompost (ormekompost) og udvalgte mikroorganismer med specifikke egenskaber.ANL. Plant for use in the method according to the invention and consisting of a biosorp containing filter mass according to the invention with 15 vol% 0-4mm Leca, 35 vol% 4-10mm Leca, 50 vol% pasteurized compost (worm compost) and selected microorganisms with specific properties.

ANL. 5 Anlæg til brug ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen og bestående af en biosorp indeholdende filtermasse ifølge opfindelsen med 15 vol% 0-4mm Leca, 35 vol% 4-10mm Leca, 50 vol% pasteuriseret kompost (ormekompost) og mikroorganismer type B-92.ANL. Plant for use in the method according to the invention and consisting of a biosorp containing filter mass according to the invention with 15 vol% 0-4mm Leca, 35 vol% 4-10mm Leca, 50 vol% pasteurized compost (worm compost) and microorganisms type B-92.

3 33 3

Le/m Lugtenheder per m .Le / m Odor units per m.

35 5 6 DK 93 00457 U3 FORSØG 1.35 5 6 DK 93 00457 U3 TRY 1.

i i IND. i BIO. i A N L . 1 — '< ANL. 2 ---1 > Z Γ 01 r ----1 ANL. 4 r · ~~ ANL. — 5 | ODOUR Le/m3 i 55000 i i * 1650 * ·» 740 i i H2S 1 mg/m3i 16,8 j a, 2 o o O O O o O o 0, 0 iMERCAP. mg/m3 i 51,8 i 3 1,1 i o,o O O 0,0 o o 0, 0 1 NH3 ! rag/m3i «•2,0 i 33» ϋ j 3,5 --1 Bf 4 4, 9 o o 3. 5 1»EFFEKT i 1 <NH3>1 1 1 | i 1 20, 0 1 91,7 j_ j 60,0 _ _i 88,3 100,0 * 9!, 7i i IND. and BIO. and A N L. 1 - '<ANL. 2 --- 1> Z Γ 01 r ---- 1 ANL. 4 r · ~~ ANL. - 5 | ODOUR Le / m3 i 55000 i i * 1650 * · »740 i i H2S 1 mg / m3i 16.8 j a, 2 o o O O O O o O o 0, 0 iMERCAP. mg / m3 i 51.8 i 3 1.1 i o, o O O 0.0 o o 0, 0 1 NH3! rag / m3i «• 2,0 i 33» ϋ j 3,5 --1 Bf 4 4, 9 o o 3. 5 1 »EFFECT i 1 <NH3> 1 1 1 | i 1 20, 0 1 91.7 j_ j 60.0 _ _i 88.3 100.0 * 9 !, 7

* Tilsat OZON* Added OZONE

»» Ny pr$ve, istsdet for den fra 18/06'.»» New test, set for it from 18/06 '.

10 FORSØG 2.10 TRIAL 2.

15 I i IND. — B 10. “1- (ANL. 1 Ί--1- iANL. 2lANL. 3 ANL. 4 ANL. 5 i ODOUR Le/m3j j i i i H2S mg/m3 i «,9 «.5 i 0,0 1 j 0,0 O O O o O o i MERCAP. mg/m3i 51,8 13,0 S 0.0 i o, 0 o o 0.0 o o \ NH3 1 i mg/m3 i 3«, O 22. 4 i 2,8 j s.« 7,0 o o 3,5 i »EFFEKT i NH3; j 1 3«. i i 91.8 | 75,3 79, 4 100,0 89,7 20 FORSØG 3.15 I i IND. - B 10. “1- (ANL. 1 Ί - 1- iANL. 2lANL. 3 ANL. 4 ANL. 5 i ODOUR Le / m3j jiii H2S mg / m3 i«, 9 «.5 i 0,0 1 j 0.0 OOO o O oi MERCAP. Mg / m3i 51.8 13.0 S 0.0 io, 0 oo 0.0 oo \ NH3 1 i mg / m3 i 3 «, O 22. 4 i 2.8 j s.« 7 , 0 oo 3,5 i »POWER in NH3; j 1 3«. Ii 91.8 | 75,3 79, 4 100,0 89,7 20 TRIAL 3.

25 i IND. — B 10. i-" j ANL. 1 ANL. 2 ANL. 3 -- ANL. 4 1 ANL. 5 i ODOUR 1 Le / m3 | -1 I j i H2S Γ mg/m31 1«,O 5. 6 | ο,ο O, O 0,0 0.0 O, 0 IMERCAP. 1 mg/m31 90,6 12. 9 j 0,0 ί | O, 0 0,0 0,0 O o 1 j NH3 m g / m3 31,5 23, a I ! 1,8 4,2 6,3 0, o 5,6 i »EFFEKT i (. NH3 ) 2«, 4 i 94,3 86,7 80,0 100,0 82, 2 FORSØG 4.25 and IND. - B 10. i- "j ANL. 1 ANL. 2 ANL. 3 - ANL. 4 1 ANL. 5 i ODOUR 1 Le / m3 | -1 I ji H2S Γ mg / m31 1«, O 5. 6 | ο, ο O, O 0.0 0.0 O, 0 IMERCAP. 1 mg / m31 90.6 12. 9 j 0.0 ί | O, 0 0.0 0.0 O o 1 j NH3 mg / m3 31, 5 23, a I! 1,8 4,2 6,3 0, o 5,6 i »EFFEKT i (. NH3) 2«, 4 i 94,3 86,7 80,0 100,0 82, 2 TRY 4.

30 i i IND. BIO. ~r- jANL- 1 ANL. 2jANL. 3 iANL. 4 ANL. 5 iODOUR Le/m3I 1 _ i _l_ | ! 1 H2S 1 mg/m3i 14,0 3, 5 ° o O, 0 o o o o O, 0 iMERCAP. mg/m31 5 1.8 25, 9 j 0.0 [ O, O o o o o O. 0 i NH3 mg/m3 i 35 , O 28, 0 i 2. 1 j 14, 1 1,1 j 0,0 0, 2 ί »EFFEKT ιNH3) i 20, 0 j 94,0 ' i 50,7 ! 96,9 jlOO,0 -1_ 99.4 35 7 7DK 93 00457 U3 FORSØG 5.30 i i IND. BIO. ~ r- jANL- 1 ANL. 2jANL. 3 iANL. 4 ANL. 5 iODOUR Le / m3I 1 _ i _l_ | ! 1 H2S 1 mg / m3i 14.0 3, 5 ° o 0, 0 o o o o 0, 0 iMERCAP. mg / m31 5 1.8 25, 9 j 0.0 [0, O oooo O. 0 i NH3 mg / m3 i 35, O 28, 0 i 2. 1 j 14, 1 1.1 j 0.0 0, 2 ί » EFFECT ιNH3) i 20, 0 j 94,0 'i 50.7! 96.9 jlOO, 0 -1_ 99.4 35 7 7DK 93 00457 U3 TRY 5.

j i I ND. Βία. iANL. 1 ANL. 2 j ANL. 3 ANL. 4iANL. 5 iODCUR L e / m 3 l i i i i i H2S mg/ *3 i 7 o 7 . O i 0.0 j 0,0 C c i O ! o L. 1 O o ; i- Ϊ MERCAP. mg / mJi -*9 , 2 . 7 i o.o i o,o o o i o o i o.o ί NH3 m g / m 3 i 23,3 23 , 7 O N Γ* o o* o o o o i »EFFEKT iNHJ> \ o } 91,0 i 70,0 (100,0 I 1OO,0 (100,0 1 FORSØG 6.j i I ND. .Α. iANL. 1 ANL. 2 j ANL. 3 ANL. 4iANL. 5 iODCUR L e / m 3 l i i i i i i H2S mg / * 3 i 7 o 7. O i 0.0 j 0.0 C c i O! o L. 1 O o; i- Ϊ MERCAP. mg / mJi - * 9, 2. 7 i oo io, oooiooi oo ί NH3 mg / m 3 i 23.3 23, 7 ON Γ * oo * ooooi »EFFECT iNHJ> \ o} 91.0 i 70.0 (100.0 I 100.0, 0 (100 , 0 1 TRY 6.

i i — IND. i BIO. iANL. 1 ' -I· — ' | ί ANL. 2 ANL. 3 iANL. 4jANL. 5 j ODOUR Le/m3 i 1 106000 i | 3100 : r i j 2800| 3500j 980 2800 i Η2Ξ mg/ra3 i 2, S j 1 , 4 j 0,0 Ί j 0,0 0.0 j O O 0.0 s j MERCAP. i mg/ m 3 ! »6,7 i 33,7 j 0,0 i 0.0 1 0,0 i 0, o O, 0 i NH3 mg/ m 3 j 20,3 | 6,4. i 1,3 j 4, 9 0,0 j 0,0 0,0 I»EFFEKT < NH3 > i 1 53,6 '( 91,1 i I 75,9 i lOO,0 10O,0 - - - i- — - - ί 100,0 FORSØG 7.i i - IND. and BIO. iANL. 1 '-I · -' | ί ANL. 2 ANL. 3 iANL. 4jANL. 5 j ODOUR Le / m3 i 1 106000 i | 3100: r i j 2800 | 3500j 980 2800 i Η2Ξ mg / ra3 i 2, S j 1, 4 j 0.0 Ί j 0.0 0.0 j O O 0.0 s j MERCAP. in mg / m 3! »6.7 i 33.7 j 0.0 i 0.0 1 0.0 i 0, 0 0, 0 i NH3 mg / m 3 j 20.3 | 6.4. i 1.3 j 4.9 0.0 j 0.0 0.0 I »POWER <NH3> i 1 53.6 '(91.1 i I 75.9 i 100, 0 10O, 0 - - - i - - - - ί 100.0 TRIAL 7.

1 i -Γ 1 _l_ I ND. — BIO. — ANL. 1 ANL. 2 ANL. 3 ANL. A — ANL. 5 |_____ ]ODOUR Le/m3 t |- j H2S | rag/m3J i A, 9 A,2 0, 0 O, O O, O 0,0 0,0 i MERCAP. 1 1 mg/m3j 51.8 25,9 0, 0 0,0 O, O 0,0 0,0 1 ' H3 | — _ 1 mg/m3| 77,0 62.0 28, 0 7,0 2. 1 0,0 O o' 1XEFFEKT < NH3) j - * 19,5 63, 6 90,9 97,3 lOO, 0 100,0 FORSØG 8.1 i -Γ 1 _l_ I ND. - BIO. - ANL. 1 ANL. 2 ANL. 3 ANL. A - ANL. 5 | _____] ODOUR Le / m3 t | - j H2S | rag / m3J i A, 9 A, 2 0, 0 O, O O, O 0.0 0.0 i MERCAP. 1 1 mg / m3j 51.8 25.9 0, 0 0.0 0, O 0.0 0.0 1 'H3 | - _ 1 mg / m3 | 77.0 62.0 28, 0 7.0 2. 1 0.0 O o '1XEFFEKT <NH3) j - * 19.5 63, 6 90.9 97.3 100, 0 100.0 EXPERIMENTS 8.

; “1 j | IND. ΐ_ί BIO. ANL. 1jANL. 2jANL. 3 ANL. A ANL. 5 ! ODOUR Le/m3 j i __1 S — ; H2S mg/ra3 i __ 5,6 3,5 0,0 0,0 0,0 O, 0 0, 0 j MERCAP. rag/m3 j _ 57,0 31,1 0,0 0,0 O O 0, 0 0, 0 j NH3 1 mg/ra3] 45,5 _I N CD O 7,0 14,0 0,0 0, 0 0, 0 1 2FFEKT (NH3)I t 38,5 ΘΑ, 6 69,2 100,0 lOO, 0 lOO, 0 8 8DK 93 00457 U3 FORSØG 9.; “1 j | IND. ΐ_ί BIO. ANL. 1jANL. 2jANL. 3 ANL. A ANL. 5! ODOUR Le / m3 j i __1 S -; H2S mg / ra3 i __ 5.6 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0.0 j MERCAP. rag / m3 j _ 57.0 31.1 0.0 0.0 OO 0, 0 0, 0 j NH3 1 mg / ra3] 45.5 _I N CD O 7.0 14.0 0.0 0, 0 0, 0 1 2FFEKT (NH3) I t 38,5 ΘΑ, 6 69,2 100,0 lOO, 0 lOO, 0 8 8DK 93 00457 U3 TRY 9.

! j IND. j BIO. jANL. 1 jANL. 2 -1-1-1 ANL. 31ANL. 4;ANL. 5l l 1 1 iODOUR La/m3 i ) i i : ; i i 1 i H2S mg/m3 i 7,0 j 1,4 j 0,0 I_1_S_!_i 0,0 0, o 0, O 0, O MERCAP. mg/m3j 46,6 ! 15,5 j 0,0 j 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 * :ii i.rl3 mg/m3j 35,7 1 20,3 j 7,7 14,0 0,0 O, O 0.0 i i 1 %EFFEKT <NH3)| j 43,1 j 78,4 60,6 lOO, o lOO, 0 100,0 FORSØG 10. IND. | BIO. ANL. 1 ANL. 2 ANL. 3 ANL. 4 ANL. 5 ODOUR Le/m3j 91000j 2100 4700 3900 170 450 H2S rag/ra3 j 12,6 j 1,0 0,0 O, O 0,0 O, O 0,0 MERCAP- mg/ ru 3 \ 51,8 “j 23,3 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 | .<H3 rag / m3 31,5 j 27,3 11.2 20,3 0,0 O, 0 0,0 i %EFFEKT <NH3) 1 * ' i 13,3 j 64,4 35,6 100,0 lOO, 0 100,0 FORSØG 11.! j IND. j BIO. jANL. 1 JANL. 2 -1-1-1 ANL. 31ANL. 4; ANL. 5l l 1 1 iODOUR La / m3 i) i i:; i i 1 i H2S mg / m3 i 7.0 j 1.4 j 0.0 I_1_S _! _ i 0.0 0, o 0, O 0, 0 MERCAP. mg / m3j 46.6! 15.5 j 0.0 j 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 *: ii i.rl3 mg / m3j 35.7 1 20.3 j 7.7 14.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ii 1% EFFECT <NH3) | j 43.1 j 78.4 60.6 lOO, o lOO, 0 100.0 TRY 10. IND. | BIO. ANL. 1 ANL. 2 ANL. 3 ANL. 4 ANL. 5 ODOUR Le / m3j 91000j 2100 4700 3900 170 450 H2S rag / ra3 j 12.6 j 1.0 0.0 O, O 0.0 O, O 0.0 MERCAP- mg / ru 3 \ 51.8 “j 23.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 | . <H3 rag / m3 31.5 j 27.3 11.2 20.3 0.0 0.0% in% POWER <NH3) 1 * 'i 13.3 j 64.4 35.6 100.0 100 .0 100.0 TRIAL 11.

! 1 j \ I ND. j BIO. }anl. 1 ANL. 2 ANL. 3 -1- ANL. 4|ANL. 5 j ODOUR i La/m3i j ί — I H2S ί mg/m3 j 10,5 i | 1,4 0,0 0,0 0,0 O, O 0.0 j MERCAP. 1 m g/m3 i 41,4 ! 7,3 0,0 0, O 0,0 0, o 0,0 .H3 i ra g/m3j 29, 4 | 35,0 13, 3 15,4 0, O O, 0 0,0 »EFFEKT CNH3) i ί i o 54, 8 47, 6 lOO, O 100,0 100,0 FORSØG 12. i -1 i IND. BIO. ANL. 1 ANL. 2 1 1-1 ANL. 3 jANL. 4 1 ANL. 5 i ODOUR Le/m3 j 1 1 I ! 1 I ! ! | H2S mg/m3] 2, 7 0,0 0,0 i 0, O 0.0 j 0,0 j 0,0 j MERCAP. 1 mg/m3 23,3 0.0 0,0 i 0,0 Op 0 i o.o i i 0,0 j — NH3 -!“ mg/n3| 49,9 ' ' 31,5 10,5 j 26,6 0,0 j 0,0 j -i 0, 0 1 %EFFEKT _ CNH3)j _L_ 36,9 79, 0 i 46,7 1 ιοο,ο j o o o ri ] 100,0 j _1 9 DK 93 00457 U3 FORSØG 13.! 1 j \ I ND. j BIO. } anl. 1 ANL. 2 ANL. 3 -1- ANL. 4 | ANL. 5 j ODOUR i La / m3i j ί - I H2S ί mg / m3 j 10,5 i | 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 MERCAP. 1 m g / m3 and 41.4! 7.3 0.0 0, 0 0.0 0, o 0.0 .H3 i ra g / m3j 29, 4 | 35.0 13, 3 15.4 0, O O, 0 0.0 »POWER CNH3) i ί i o 54, 8 47, 6 100, O 100.0 100.0 TRY 12. i -1 i IND. BIO. ANL. 1 ANL. 2 1 1-1 ANL. 3 JANL. 4 1 ANL. 5 i ODOUR Le / m3 j 1 1 I! 1 I! ! | H2S mg / m3] 2, 7 0.0 0.0 i 0, 0 0.0 j 0.0 j 0.0 j MERCAP. 1 mg / m3 23.3 0.0 0.0 i 0.0 Op 0 i o.o i i 0.0 j - NH3 -! “Mg / n3 | 49.9 '' 31.5 10.5 j 26.6 0.0 j 0.0 j -i 0, 0 1% EFFEKT _ CNH3) j _L_ 36.9 79, 0 i 46.7 1 ιοο, ο jooo ri] 100.0 j _1 9 DK 93 00457 U3 TRIAL 13.

i -r 1 I ND. -j-1-! BIO* |ANL. 1lANL. 2 1 ANL. 3 j ANL. 4 ANL. 5j | ODOUR Le/m3 i 1 _!_1_! i H2S mg/m3i 9 J 7.7 o o O o . _ . O, 0 O o o O O O j MERCAP. i mg/m3i e 1 49.2 o o 0,0 .1 o o o I___ o o o o ί NH3 mg/m3 j 44, 1 .20,3 6,3 13, 3 O o o o o o i »EFFEKT 1 1 (NH3 > j - - - » --^ 54,0 85.7 69, 8 lOO, 0 1 100,0 - — ' 100,0 ---- » 10 Det fremgår af måleresultaterne, at anlæggene ifølge opfindelsen er væsentligt bedre til at reducere antallet af lugtenheder Le, og at disse anlæg tillige fjerner ammoniak-komponenten i røggassen 100% til forskel fra de kendte fremgangsmåder og typer af filtermasse.i -r 1 I ND. -j-1-! BIO * | ANL. 1lANL. 2 1 ANL. 3 j ANL. 4 ANL. 5j | ODOUR Le / m3 i 1 _! _ 1_! i H2S mg / m3i 9 J 7.7 o o O o. _. O, 0 O o o O O O O j MERCAP. i mg / m3i e 1 49.2 oo 0,0 .1 ooo I___ oooo ί NH3 mg / m3 j 44, 1 .20,3 6,3 13, 3 O oooooi »EFFECT 1 1 (NH3> j - - -» - - ^ 54,0 85.7 69, 8 100, 0 1 100,0 - - '100,0 ---- »10 It appears from the measurement results that the plants according to the invention are significantly better at reducing the number of odor units Le, and that these plants also remove the ammonia component in the flue gas 100% unlike the known methods and types of filter mass.

15 Alle målinger for henholdsvis biofiltret og de forskellige anlæg er foretaget ved afledningen af røggassen, det vil sige efter at røggassen har passeret hele filtermassen.15 All measurements for the biofilter and the various plants, respectively, were made at the discharge of the flue gas, ie after the flue gas has passed the entire filter mass.

For at undersøge effektivitets-gradienten gennem filtermassen er der 20 for enkelte målinger ligeledes foretaget målinger 1 m. oppe i filtermassen i biosorpen.In order to examine the efficiency gradient through the filter mass, 20 measurements have also been made 1 m up in the filter mass in the biosorp for individual measurements.

Forsøg 10.Experiment 10.

25 ODOUR (Le/m3) 25.000 13.300 ingen måling 10.800 4.500 Målinger i 1 m's højde ANL. 1 ANL. 2 30 ANL. 3 ANL. 4 ANL. 5 35 10 DK 93 00457 U325 ODOUR (Le / m3) 25,000 13,300 no measurement 10,800 4,500 Measurements in 1 m height ANL. 1 ANL. 2 30 ANL. 3 ANL. 4 ANL. 5 35 10 DK 93 00457 U3

Forsød 13. Målinger i 1 m's højde NH3 (mg/m3) %EFFEKT (NH3) ANL. 1 24,5 44,4 ANL. 2 14,0 68,3 ANL. 3 1,4 96,8 ANL. 4 1,4 96,8 ANL. 5 2,8 93,7Sweetened 13. Measurements at a height of 1 m NH3 (mg / m3)% POWER (NH3) ANL. 1 24.5 44.4 ANL. 2 14.0 68.3 ANL. 3 1.4 96.8 ANL. 4 1.4 96.8 ANL. 5 2.8 93.7

Af denne tabel fremgår det, at anlæg ifølge opfindelsen ved røggassens passage gennem filtermassen får nedbrudt ammoniak-komponenten langt hurtigere end de kendte anlæg. Dette betyder, at det vil være muligt at benytte mindre anlæg med opnåelse af samme effektivitet som større kendte anlæg. Modsat betyder det tillige, at det vil være muligt at opnå en større effektivitet og dermed en bedre rensningsgrad med et anlæg, der er lige så stort som de kendte anlæg.From this table it appears that plants according to the invention, when the flue gas passes through the filter mass, degrade the ammonia component much faster than the known plants. This means that it will be possible to use smaller plants with the same efficiency as larger known plants. On the contrary, it also means that it will be possible to achieve greater efficiency and thus a better degree of purification with a plant that is as large as the known plants.

I tegningen er vist, hvorledes et biofilter 1 ifølge opfindelsen kan være opbygget. Biofiltret består af en biosorp 2, hvori filtermassen 3 er indeholdt. Filtermassen 3 hviler på en rist 4, således at der dannes et hulrum 5 neden under filtermassen.The drawing shows how a biofilter 1 according to the invention can be constructed. The biofilter consists of a biosorp 2, in which the filter mass 3 is contained. The filter mass 3 rests on a grate 4, so that a cavity 5 is formed below the filter mass.

Filtermassen omfatter ca. 50 vol% uorganisk materiale, som fortrinsvis er porøst og granuleret for at opnå et bæremateriale med høj vandabsorberende evne og en stor overflade i forhold til voluminet. Dette uorganiske materiale kan valgfrit være steriliseret.The filter mass comprises approx. 50% by volume of inorganic material, which is preferably porous and granular to obtain a carrier material with a high water-absorbing capacity and a large surface area in relation to the volume. This inorganic material can optionally be sterilized.

Derudover kan filtermassen sekundært omfatte organisk materiale, som er beregnet til at ernære biologiske organismer. Dette organiske materiale vil fortrinsvis være steriliseret for at tilintetgøre eventuelle uønskede mikroorganismer, der måtte befinde sig i dette materiale.In addition, the filter mass may secondarily comprise organic material which is intended to feed biological organisms. This organic material will preferably be sterilized to destroy any unwanted microorganisms that may be present in this material.

Endelig omfatter filtermassen et biologisk aktivt medium, som består af en eller flere af førnævnte bakterier eller svampe. Det biologisk aktive medium kan imidlertid også bestå af makroorganismer i form af planter, der kan optage enkelte af de komponenter i røggassen, der ønskes nedbrudt, eventuelt i symbiose med svampe eller bakterier. Det 11 DK 93 00457 U3 vil således være muligt at lade det biologisk aktive medium bestå af en kombination af mikro- og makroorganismer.Finally, the filter mass comprises a biologically active medium which consists of one or more of the aforementioned bacteria or fungi. However, the biologically active medium can also consist of macro-organisms in the form of plants that can take up some of the components in the flue gas that are to be degraded, possibly in symbiosis with fungi or bacteria. It will thus be possible to allow the biologically active medium to consist of a combination of micro- and macro-organisms.

Biofiltret omfatter desuden tilledningsorganer 6 for røggassen i bunden 7 af biosorpen 2 samt afledningsorganer 8 for den desodoriserede røggas i toppen 9 af biosorpen. Endvidere omfatter biofiltret en tilledning 10 fra et såkaldt "air-fog" anlæg for befugtning af filtermassen med forstøvet væske fortrinsvis vand, som eventuelt er tilsat substrater eller andet, der er egnet som næringsmiddel for de biologiske organismer. Den forstøvede væske kan eventuelt tilsættes syre- eller base-komponenter for at regulere pH-værdien i biosorpen. Filtermassens nederste del består udelukkende af Leca-nødder eller lignende materiale. Herved adsorberes eventuelle overskydende syre- eller base-rester, inden den forstøvede væske ledes ind i biosorpen.The biofilter further comprises supply means 6 for the flue gas in the bottom 7 of the biosorp 2 as well as discharge means 8 for the deodorized flue gas in the top 9 of the biosorp. Furthermore, the biofilter comprises a line 10 from a so-called "air-fog" plant for humidifying the filter mass with atomized liquid, preferably water, which may be added to substrates or something else which is suitable as food for the biological organisms. The atomized liquid may optionally be added to acid or base components to regulate the pH of the biosorp. The lower part of the filter mass consists exclusively of Leca nuts or similar material. Hereby any excess acid or base residues are adsorbed before the atomized liquid is led into the biosorp.

Claims

A biofilter for use in deodorizing flue gas by decomposing gaseous components, wherein the flue gas is passed through the filter comprising an inert carrier material, which preferably consists of a combination of inorganic and organic material, which filter also comprises a biologically active medium, preferably microorganisms , characterized in that at least the organic part of the carrier material is sterilized and that biological organisms with specific properties selected as biologically active medium are added to the carrier material.

A biofilter according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier material is sterilized by pasteurization.

Biofilter according to claim log2, characterized in that the filter is added aerobic microorganisms as the biologically active medium.

Biofilter according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that only the inorganic material in the carrier material is sterilized before the biologically active medium is added.

Biofilter according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filter is added to water in the form of atomized water, which is optionally added to an acid or base component.

Biofilter according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier material is sterilized by irradiation.

Biofilter according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the biologically active medium consists of a mixture of one or more types of microorganisms, such as different types of bacteria and / or fungi.

Biofilter according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filter is added to at least vegetable compost. DK 93 00457 U3

Filter composition comprising a carrier material and a biologically active medium for use in the method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the biologically active medium is constituted by biological organisms with specific properties.

Use of selected biological organisms with specific properties in a biofilter.