DK180699B1 - Gear shift system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

A gear shifting system comprising a drive shaft, a face gear, and at least one power transmission component(s). The gear system comprising also a pinion gear assembly, which is coupled to the first end of the drive shaft. The pinion gear assembly is configured to mesh with one of the concentric gear-rings on the face gear, so that the rotational movement of the gear-ring is transmitted to the shaft. The gear shifting system is easy to operate, mechanically simple, can smoothly shift between gears under any gear shifting conditions, and exhibits decreased component wear.

Description

DK 180699 B1 1 Field of the Invention: The present invention relates to a gear shifting system. In particular, the present invention relates to a pinion gear shifting system. Background of the Invention: Conventional gear systems utilize a face gear with multiple sprockets. These sprockets comprise a number of teeth and tooth valleys. A different set of gears engage the teeth and tooth valleys of the crown gear thereby transferring power from the motor to the wheels of the land vehicle. Many different gear shifting systems has been described previously, for example both a chain drive and a shaft drive system. In the shaft drive system, teeth of a face gear engage teeth on a shaft. In a specific embodiment of the invention, the pinion gear shifting system is used to shift gears on a bicycle shaft drive system. Bicycle drivetrains utilizing a shaft drive, instead of a chain to transmit rider power to the rear wheel, offer several advantages when compared to conventional chain drive — systems. Prior art discloses several bicycle shaft drive systems. Present bicycle shaft drive systems use either fixed-teeth gears meshing with fixed-teeth gears, or a roller-bushing system engaging with fixed teeth on a crown gear to provide for rotational power transfer.

The prior art document US 5,078,416 discloses a bicycle shaft drive, which uses bevel-shaped fixed-tooth gears to receive and transmit rotational power. The prior art document US 2011/0062678 (A1) discloses a bicycle shaft drive which uses flat- shaped fixed-tooth gears to receive and transmit rotational power. The prior art document US 7,434,489 discloses a bicycle shaft drive which uses ball-shaped fixed- teeth gears and cylinder-shaped fixed-teeth gears to receive and transmit rotational power. The document also describes a non-efficient method using rotating dowel pins mounted between the — gear-rings of the face gear for the system to shift gears.

DK 180699 B1 2 Both prior art document WO 2006/049366 (A1) and WO 2007/132999 (A1) describe bicycle drive shafts which comprise bushings which engages in a crown gear. These roller-bushing systems provide for rotation of the rollers by using a simple sliding interface on a support member.

The prior art document US 6,158,296 describe a split pinion gear, which comprises fixed non- rotating elements which engages in a crown gear. This system relies on the use of shift-channels to accommodate gear shifting of the gear transmission. Without the use of these shift-channels, the described gear transmission cannot shift gears. Using shift-channels to shift gears makes the gear transmission inefficient and slow to react.

None of the prior art documents describe a well-functioning and efficient gear shifting system. US 2011/0062678 (A1) requires the use of multiple gear-pinions to allow a shift between concentric gear rings. Specifically, a pinion is required for each unique gear ring. In the case of this prior art, four unique gear changes are available, and four (4) geared pinions are needed to transfer power at any one time to the respective four (4) concentric gear rings. Additionally, during a gear change, the splined shaft must transition between pinions rotating at different speeds. This could cause an unsynchronized and grinding ‘forced’ mesh.

US 7,434,489 uses a single gear-pinion. However, in order to enable a gear change, this single gear-pinion must be moved with force across adjacent gear rings. If the rider is pedaling and therefore applying torque through the pinion during a gear shift, additional shifting force will be required to overcome the friction between the pinion teeth and the gear ring teeth as the pinion teeth attempt to slide across the gear ring teeth, while still applying rider torque during the lateral slide. This friction can create excessive wear of the teeth.

It would be advantageous to have a well-functioning gear shift system, which shift gears smoothly even during heavy rider pedaling torque, with no grinding, with no tooth-to-tooth lateral sliding friction, and is mechanically simple. Additionally, it would be advantageous to have a gear shift system which creates minimal component wear and has extended part longevity.

DK 180699 B1 3 It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a new and improved gear shifting system, which is easy to operate, mechanically simple, can smoothly shift between gears under any pedaling conditions, and exhibits decreased component wear.

Itis also an object of the invention to provide a gear shifting system, which can be used for any machine, which uses a gearing system. However, it is especially an object of the invention to provide a gear shifting system, which can be used for all land vehicles such as motorcycles, bikes, cars, and/or trucks.

SUMMARY The invention relates to a gear shifting system comprising a drive shaft, the drive shaft being configured for connecting a face gear and at least one power transmission component(s) of the gear system, the gear system comprising: at least one power transmission component(s) which is coupled tothe second end of the drive shaft; and a face gear comprising a cog-disk and at least one concentric gear-ring(s); and a drive shaft having an axis of rotation and having a first end of the drive shaft and a second end; and wherein the drive shaft further comprises; a pinion gear assembly coupled to the first end of the drive shaft in which the pinion gear assembly is configured to mesh with one of the concentric gear-rings on the face gear, so that the rotational movement of the gear- ring is transmitted to the shaft; in which the pinion gear assembly comprises one or more engaging elements; and the one or more engaging elements of the pinion gear assembly are engaging one of the concentric gear-rings of face gear; wherein the pinion gear assembly comprises a spinner, wherein the spinner comprises at least 2 sections and a rotator, which move independently of each other; or wherein the spinner comprises at least one section and a rotator, which move in a — master/slave configuration. This invention illustrates a highly advantageous gear shifting system, which can be used by the operator without losing speed, power or momentum. If the invention is utilized on a bicycle drive shaft system, then the rider can shift gears efficiently. The rider does not need to wait or time the gear shift but can shift gears even when pedaling, and no additional pedalling energy is required by the rider to enact a gear change.

DK 180699 B1 4 The efficient gear shifting properties of this system are due to the construction of the pinion gear assembly.

During gear shifting, the pinion gear assembly can split in half, so that each split section of the pinion gear assembly is aligned with two different gear-rings at one given time.

A single, yet split, pinion gear assembly aligned with two gear rings simultaneously results in a smooth and highly efficient gear shift without the loss of momentum, power and energy, and without extensive friction and wear.

However, in an alternative embodiment, the different pinion gear assembly split sections are not engaged with different gear-rings at the same time.

In this embodiment, there is a point where a

— section disengages completely just before another section engages with a new gear-ring.

However, the split sections can be aligned with two gear-rings at any given time.

In a specific embodiment of the invention, the invention is being used as a bicycle gear shifting system comprising a drive shaft, the drive shaft being configured for connecting a front face and

— rear face gear of the bicycle drive system, the bicycle drive system comprising: a front face gear comprising a cog-disk and at least one concentric gear-ring(s); and a rear face gear comprising a cog-disk and at least one concentric gear-ring(s); and a drive shaft having an axis of rotation and having a first end of the drive shaft and a second end; and wherein the drive shaft further comprises a pinion gear assembly coupled to the first end of the drive shaft and/or a pinion gear assembly is coupled to the second end of the drive shaft in which the pinion gear assembly is configured to mesh with one of the concentric gear-rings on the front face gear or the rear face gear, so that the rotational movement of the gear-ring is transmitted to the shaft; in which the pinion gear assembly comprises one or more engaging elements; and the one or more engaging elements of the pinion gear assembly is engaging one of the concentric gear-rings of rear face gear and/or of the front face

— gear, wherein the pinion gear assembly engaging the rear face gear and/or of the front face gear comprises at least two split sections of a pinion gear assembly.

The invention is highly advantageous to use in a bicycle drive shaft system, since it is easy and simple to manufacture and use for the rider.

So, the rider can shift gears without loss of power,

— energy and momentum.

DK 180699 B1 In many bicycles today, it is possible to change gears both at the front next to the pedals and at the rear wheel. In one embodiment, it is possible to have the gear shifting system installed both places or just one of the places. Preferably, the gear shifting system is installed, so that it is connected to the rear face gear of the 5 bicycle. A bicycle gear shifting system, wherein the pinion gear assembly is coupled to the first end of the drive shaft in which the pinion gear assembly is configured to mesh with one of the concentric gear-rings on the face gear, so that the rotational movement of the gear-ring is transmitted to the shaft; in which the pinion gear assembly comprises one or more engaging elements; and the one or more engaging elements of the pinion gear assembly is engaging one of — the concentric gear-rings of face gear; wherein the pinion gear assembly comprises at least two split sections of a spinner. The definitions written below are independent on the application of the gear shifting system whether it is connected to a bicycle, motor, or any other device.

The pinion gear assembly is connected to the first end of the drive shaft. The pinion gear assembly can be connected to the drive shaft by any means necessary. The second end of the drive shaft is connected to at least one power transmission component(s). The power transmission component(s) may be a motor, engine, another gear shifting system, or continuation of the transmission system. — The other gear shifting system may be a conventional gear shifting system, or it may be a gear shifting system as described in the present patent application. Preferably, the power transmission component is a front face gear, which is connected to pedals on a bicycle and/or a motor. Most preferably, the power transmission component is a front face gear, which is connected to pedals on a bicycle.

The pinion gear assembly comprises a spinner. The spinner comprises a plurality of engaging elements. The engaging elements ensure smooth torque and power transfer, to or from, the face gear. — The pinion gear assembly’s spinner comprises at least two sections. The two or more sections, composing the spinner, are able to split apart from each other during the gear shifting process. In

DK 180699 B1 6 one embodiment of the invention, the spinner and the at least two sections are mounted on the drive shaft.

The two sections are mounted together using a joint that allows them to move axially, and in which there is a separate mechanical mechanism that delivers rotational torque from the shaft to the at least two sections.

The mechanical mechanism may be splines or keyways.

In a preferred embodiment, the at least two sections can be mounted together using a dovetail joint or similar, and then using a keyway to deliver rotational torque from the shaft to each section individually.

Advantageously, each spinner has engaging elements uniformly distributed at a radial distance from the center and uniform arc length relative to each engaging element.

By uniformly distributed — means that the distance between each engaging element is the same for all the engaging elements.

The radial distance means the distance between the axis of rotation of the spinner to the outer edge of the engaging elements.

The radial distance is constant for all the engaging elements in each spinner.

The radial distance is dependent on the spinner size and the engaging element sizes.

All engaging elements are placed in the spinner at a radial distance, so they can mesh and engage with the teeth and tooth valleys of the gear-rings on the face gear.

Therefore, in one embodiment of the invention, the pinion gear assembly comprises a spinner, and the spinner has engaging elements uniformly distributed at a radial distance from the center.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pinion gear assembly’s spinner comprises 2 to 25 engaging elements; more preferably between 6 to 18 engaging elements; and most preferably between 10 to 14 engaging elements.

The spinner comprises a plurality of engaging elements and at least one spinner plate.

Preferably, the spinner comprises 2 to the number of sections +2 spinner plates.

For example, if the spinner comprises 2 sections, then the spinner may comprise 4 spinner plates.

The spinner plate(s) ensures that the engaging elements are securely attached to the spinner.

In an alternative embodiment, the spinner plate and the engaging elements are manufactured from the same metal plate and are therefore in one piece.

The spinner plates may be equal, unequal or a combination, in size and shape.

By combination is — meant that a spinner comprising a multiple of sections may comprise some sections which are equal

DK 180699 B1 7 in size and some sections which are unequal in size.

In a preferred embodiment the spinner plates are equal in size and shape.

The pinion gear assembly’s spinner comprises at least 2 sections.

The number of sections may be — any number of sections from 2 to as many as the number of engaging elements in the spinner.

The sections are located within the spinner.

In a preferred embodiment, the pinion gear assembly comprises 2 to 12 sections.

The sections may be equal, unequal or a combination, in size and shape.

The sections may be symmetrical or asymmetrical with respect to multiple sections.

By combination it is meant that a — spinner comprising multiple sections may comprise some sections which are equal in size and some sections which are unequal in size.

In a preferred embodiment the sections are equal in size and shape.

In a more preferred embodiment, the sections are equal in shape, but unequal in size.

The pinion gear assembly comprises at least 2 sections which may move independently of each — other.

Alternatively, the at least two sections move in a master/slave configuration.

The movements of the sections are important during the gear shifting process.

During normal operation, and before gear shifting is initiated, all of the sections are engaging the same gear-ring on the face gear.

That is, all of the sections, and all of the engaging elements composing the sections, are positioned within the same rotational plane.

When gear shifting is initiated, at least one section is still engaging (and transferring power to or from) the initial gear-ring, whereas at least one other non-engaging section moves axially (relative to the drive shaft axis). This other section moves to position itself, as to prepare to enter into the path of alignment of the new gear-ring.

As the shaft and split pinion gear assembly continue to rotate, the other section, which is now positioned and aligned to the new gear-ring, will engage in the new gear-ring on the face gear as the shaft and split pinion gear assembly continue to rotate.

As the shaft and split pinion gear assembly continue to rotate and as the initial section(s) disengage from the initial gear ring, the initial section will move axially, in the similar direction of the other sections which have already moved axially.

Within one shaft rotation, all of the initial section(s) will have disengaged the initial gear-ring of the face gear, and subsequently moved axially to follow the other section(s) to become re-positioned, aligned, and engaged with, the new gear-ring.

At this point all of the engaging elements composing the sections have moved, and have aligned with, the new gear ring, and are again positioned within a single

DK 180699 B1 8 rotational plane; albeit a different plane than prior to the gear shifting process. At this point, the gear-shifting is finalized and complete, and normal operation returns to the gear system. In a preferred embodiment, the pinion gear assembly comprises 2 to 12 sections which may move independently of each other. Or alternatively, the sections move in a master/slave configuration. This ensures a gear shifting system which can shift between all gears in the face gear efficiently. In a preferred embodiment, the pinion gear assembly comprises sections with the same number of engaging elements.

— Ina more preferred embodiment, the pinion gear assembly comprises 3 sections, which may move independently of each other, or alternatively move in a master/slave configuration. This ensures a gear shifting system which can shift between all gears in the face gear efficiently. In a preferred embodiment, the three sections do not comprise the same number of engaging elements.

— In an even more preferred embodiment, the pinion gear assembly comprises at least three sections, which moves independently of each other, or alternatively move in a master/slave configuration. The at least three sections may preferably have different numbers of engaging elements. One of the sections are also called a rotator. The rotator moves both axially on the drive shaft axis; and rotate around the drive shaft from zero up to 36 degrees of rotation. The movement of the rotator is in — contrast to the movements of the two sections, wherein the sections only move axially on the drive shaft axis.

In a preferred embodiment, the rotator and at least one of the sections moves together axially along the center axis of the drive shaft. In one embodiment, when gear shifting is commanded, the rotator and the at least one section always move first axially along the drive shaft. The gear shifting cycles is complete, when another section follows the axial movement of the first section and rotator.

In a most preferred embodiment, the pinion gear assembly comprises 3 sections, which moves independently of each other. One of the sections comprises 6 engaging elements, and one section comprises 4 engaging elements, and the last section comprises 2 engaging elements. The section comprising 2 engaging elements are also called a rotator. In a preferred embodiment, the rotator and

DK 180699 B1 9 the section comprising the 4 engaging elements moves together axially along the center axis of the drive shaft.

In one embodiment, when gear shifting is commanded, the rotator and the section with the 4 engaging elements always move first axially along the drive shaft.

The gear shifting cycles is complete, when the section with the 6 engaging elements follows the axial movement of the first section + rotator.

In an alternative embodiment, when gear shifting is commanded, the section with the 6 engaging elements always move first axially along the drive shaft.

The gear shifting cycles is complete, when the rotator and the section with the 4 engaging elements follows the axial movement of the section — with the 6 engaging elements.

This motion pattern of these two embodiments, i.e. the two sections + rotator is recognized as a master/slave movement.

When gear shifting is commanded in one embodiment, the master comprising the section comprising the 4 engaging elements and the rotator always moves initial and begins engaging with a new gear-ring.

During the movement of the master, the slave (the section — with the 6 engaging elements) still engages with the former gear-ring.

When the master engages with the new gear-ring, the slave starts to move axially along the drive shaft and also starts to engage with the new gear-ring.

Alternatively, the rotator can be located with the slave section.

In this embodiment, the master section comprises 6 engaging elements, whereas the slave section comprises two sections (i.e. a rotator comprising 2 engaging elements and a section comprising 4 engaging elements). When gear shifting is commanded, the master section with 6 engaging elements always move first axially along the drive shaft.

The gear shifting cycles is complete, when the rotator and the slave section with rotator 4 engaging elements follows the axial movement of the first section.

This motion pattern of the two sections + rotator is also recognized as a master/slave movement.

When gear shifting is commanded, the master comprising the section comprising the 6 engaging always moves initially and begins engaging with a new gear-ring.

During the movement of the master, the slave (the section with the rotator and 4 engaging elements) still engages with the former gear-ring.

When the master engages with the new gear-ring, the slave starts to move axially along the drive shaft and also starts to engage with the new gear-ring.

If for some reason during gear shifting, the gear tooth misaligns, then the rotator helps to accommodate this misalignment and thereby ensures a smooth gear-shifting mechanism.

The rotator is such designed that the engaging elements can rotate around

DK 180699 B1 10 the shaft, during shifting, from zero up to 36 degrees of rotation, to accommodate adjacent gear-ring tooth misalignment. This ensures a gear shifting system which can shift between all gears in the face gear efficiently.

The engaging elements composing the spinner have the capability of intermeshing, contacting, and engaging the adjacent and corresponding teeth of the face gear. The term “engaging elements” refers to the any element which can engage in the teeth of the face gear and perform a gear shift using the technology described in the present patent application. In a preferred embodiment the engaging elements are fixed engaging elements and/or rolling elements.

By fixed engaging elements are meant any engaging element which cannot rotate but can engage with the teeth of the face gear such as fixed teeth, and/or 3D non-rolling object. By 3D non-rolling object is meant an object which are not flat, as teeth normally are, but has a 3D shape for example a sphere, box-shape, or non-rotating ball. Examples of a 3D non-rolling object is ball dowel caps on a dowel pin. By fixed teeth is meant a flat or plane structure which can engage in the teeth of the face — gear. The fixed teeth may have a pointy or sharp tip but may also have a round tip.

The engaging elements may also be rolling elements. The rolling elements may be any rolling elements, wherein an element is free to rotate about its rotational axis. Examples of rolling elements may be bushings, bearings, ball bearings, roller bearings and/or double row ball bearings. In a more preferred embodiment, the engaging elements are fixed teeth, 3D-non rolling objects, bushings, bearings, ball bearings, roller bearings and/or double row ball bearings. Most preferably, the roller elements are bushings, ball bearings, roller bearings, or double row ball bearings. If ball bearings, roller bearings or double row ball bearings are used as roller elements, then these are preferably composed of steel/alloy bearings, ceramic bearings, ceramic-hybrid bearings, other low-friction materials, or a combination of materials to produce rolling elements with the lowest friction — possible.

If ball bearings are used as roller elements, then these are preferably composed of steel/alloy, ceramic bearings, ceramic-hybrid bearings, other low friction materials, or a combination of materials to produce roller elements with the lowest friction possible.

DK 180699 B1 11 A conventional ball bearing comprises an outer raceway, an inner raceway and a plurality of balls located between the inner and outer raceway. In one embodiment, the spinner, composing the pinion gear assembly, is designed such that a plurality of ball bearings is utilized as the roller elements. In one embodiment, the spinner comprises at least two sections. Each section comprises each 2 spinner plates; an outer plate and an inner plate. A plurality of engaging elements is located between the outer and inner plates. The two plates engage the shaft of the center axis of each engaging element comprising the sections. This renders each roller element free to rotate around its center axis.

In an alternative embodiment, each section comprises 2 spinner plates; an outer and an inner plate. A plurality of roller elements is located between the outer and inner plates. The two plates engage the outer race of the roller elements. An axle pin connects the inner races of the roller elements and then engages a gear-ring.

The material of the spinner plates may be any suitable material. Preferably, the material of the plates is either metallic, or a plastic, or a composite, or combinations hereof.

In a preferred embodiment, the spinner is connected to a shifting drum. The shifting drum is also connected to the drive shaft and preferably located inside the drive shaft. The shifting drum helps facilitate the shifting of gears, but also to keep the spinner engaged with the face gear during bicycle riding. The design of the drum is unlike a traditional shifting drum because the drums outer surface has grooves which are formed and function as a ‘hysteresis curve’ and one-way gates. The ‘hysteresis curve’ and one-way gates are shown as radial slots and helix slots. This unique drum design helps facilitate gear shifting because it ensures that the split pinion gear assembly can move the at least two sections at different points axially along the length of the drive shaft.

In a preferred embodiment, the shifting drum is connected to a spinner which comprises two sections and a rotator. Preferably, one section comprises 6 engaging elements, whereas the other — section comprises 4 engaging elements, and the rotator comprises 2 engaging elements. The two sections act as a master-slave configuration. The master may comprise the section which comprises

DK 180699 B1 12 the 4 engaging elements and the rotator, whereas the slave may comprise the section with the 6 engaging elements.

Alternatively, the master may comprise the section with the 6 engaging elements, whereas the slave may comprise the section which comprises the 4 engaging elements and the rotator.

When gear shifting is initiated the master configuration always moves axially along the drive shaft and engages the new gear-ring first, whereas the slave configuration moves after the master and engages with the same gear-ring as the master.

The drum design ensures that regardless of a clockwise or counterclockwise rotation of the drum, the master always moves first.

A normal drum design uses a simple helix or slotted drum design.

This means that the order of movement of the two sections would be reversed, if the drum direction was reversed.

In this unique drum design in which the shifting drum comprises one-way gates, the sequential master-slave movement is not reversed and are independent on the direction of the drum i.e. the master always moves axially before axially movement of the slave.

The face gear is connected to at least one power transmission component(s). The face gear comprises a cog-disk and at least two concentric gear-ring(s); By concentric gear-rings, it is meant concentrically disposed rings or circular paths of gear teeth where the rings are of different diameters.

The cog-disk is a disk which might be completely solid, or alternatively a solid disk with holes.

The cog-disk may have any desired shape, preferably round or oval.

The material of the cog-disk is preferably metal, but might be any suitable material, which is not easily breakable or deformable.

The gear-rings has a plurality of gear teeth and a plurality of tooth valleys.

In a preferred embodiment, the face gear comprises a cog-disk and a plurality of concentric gear- rings, and thereby has a plurality of concentrically disposed gear-rings, wherein the plurality of gear-rings has different diameters.

The plurality of gear-rings having a plurality of gear teeth and a plurality of tooth valleys of identical or near identical geometry, however the gear-rings do not have the same number of teeth.

The pinion gear assembly can be selectively positioned, fore and aft, along the longitudinal axis of the drive shaft, into a mesh state with any of the plurality of gear- rings on the front face gear as desired.

DK 180699 B1 13 The face gear may comprise any number of desired concentric gear-rings; preferably, the number of concentric gear-rings is between 2 to 20; more preferably, the number of concentric gear-rings is between 6 to 18; most preferably, the number of concentric gear-rings are 10 to 15. In an embodiment of the invention, the cog-disk of the face gear comprises at least 6 concentric gear-rings, wherein the gear-rings maintains a 3 tooth increase per gear-ring. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cog-disk comprises at least 6 concentric gear-rings, and wherein a gear-ring’s tooth count is a multiple of 3, and the gear-rings maintain a 3 tooth increase per gear-ring, and wherein the number of teeth on the gear-rings are listed in this table: 15- 18-21-24-27-30-33-36-39-42-45-48-51-54. For example; if 6 gear-rings are located on the cog-disk, they may have the number of teeth 15-18-21-24-27-30; or 24-27-30-33-36-39; or 39-42-45-48-51-

54.

In a most preferred embodiment of the invention, the cog-disk comprises 14 concentric gear-rings, and wherein the gear-rings maintain a 3 tooth increase per gear-ring, so that the number of teeth on the gear-rings are: 15-18-21-24-27-30-33-36-39-42-45-48-51-54.

If the present invention is used on a bicycle, then the face gear comprises a rotational plane parallel to or near parallel to the rear wheel and a co-axial relationship to the rear wheel axle.

The drive shaft may be solid or hollow cross-section. Preferably, the cross section is hollow, which provides a drive shaft with as low weight as possible. Additionally, electronics and mechanisms for gear shifting and/or a power meter may be placed inside the hollow shaft.

The drive shaft may be constructed of alloy steel, aluminum, plastic, carbon fiber, or composite material.

The face gear comprises a cog-disk and at least one concentric gear-ring(s). Each gear-ring comprises a plurality of teeth and tooth valleys, wherein the teeth extend at an angle to a surface

DK 180699 B1 14 plane of the cog-disk in the range of 0 to 120 ©; preferably, between 60 to 100°; more preferably either 80, 90, or 100°; and most preferably 90°. In a chain ring of a conventional bicycle chain drive, the angle between the teeth and surface plane is 0°. In one embodiment, the axis of rotation of the engaging elements on the spinner are perpendicular to and intersecting the spinner axis of rotation, the engaging elements may then engage and mesh with a conventional chain ring. In an alternative embodiment, the angle between the teeth and surface plane is approximate 90°, wherein the axis of rotation of the shaft drive and the engaging elements are parallel to the spinner axis, the engaging elements may then engage and mesh with the teeth of the face gear.

— In yet an alternative embodiment, the angle between the teeth and surface plane of the cog-disk is approximately 45°, wherein the axis of rotation of the engaging elements on the spinner are at approximately 45 degree angle to and intersect the spinner axis, the engaging elements may then engage and mesh with the teeth of the face gear.

In an embodiment, the teeth on the face gear have identical geometry, and the tooth valleys on the face gear have identical geometry.

Each tooth of the gear-ring(s) has a height measured from the bottom of the tooth valley to the tooth tip. The dimensions of each tooth, i.e. the height and valley-to-valley length of the tooth are preferably configured to correspond closely to the dimensions of the engaging element engaging with the tooth, thereby reducing the frictional forces. The pitch of the teeth is dependent on the circumferential distance between each engaging element on the spinner and the radius of the gear- ring. The geometry and dimensions of the tooth valley are dependent on the geometry and dimension of the engaging elements. Preferably, the general shape of the cross-section of the engaging elements corresponds to the general shape of the tooth valley. This provides a meshing between the engaging elements and the teeth and tooth valleys, which reduces the friction.

In one embodiment, the rotational axis of the pinion gear assembly is coaxial to the drive shaft. This reduces the friction between the pinion gear assembly, drive shaft and the face gear.

In an embodiment, a shift controller initiates the desire to change gears.

DK 180699 B1 15 The controller may be connected by cables, wires, or wirelessly to a gear selection device comprising an electromechanical actuator in proximity to the pinion gear assembly. The electromechanical actuator provides the force and mechanical action to move the pinion gear assembly to enable gear selection changes. In a more preferred embodiment, the shift controller may be connected by cables, wires, or wirelessly to a gear selection device comprising an electrical motor and a gear box. In one embodiment, the electromechanical gear-selection device is positioned inside of the drive shaft and connected to the gear shifting controller and the pinion gear assembly.

In a further embodiment, the electromechanical gear-selection device is positioned inside of the drive shaft and connected to the gear shifting controller and the spinner of the pinion gear assembly. In a further embodiment, the electromechanical gear-selection device is positioned inside of the — drive shaft and connected to the gear shifting controller and the sections composing the pinion gear assembly to enable gear selection changes. In an embodiment of the invention, the bicycle system which activates and facilitate gear-shifting, comprises a controller (which is an electronic print board which controls the motor. The motor — helps facilitate gear shifting), a position sensor (which is an electronic print board, which is used to sensing the position of the drive shaft), a remote (which is a remote to activate or adjust gear shifting. The remote may be an external device or located within the bicycles handlebar), an actuator (which is a motor which turns the drum). In one embodiment of the invention, the system is built from a wireless remote unit, that transmits commands for gear shift and gear adjustment to a rechargeable battery powered control and drive unit, located inside the drive shaft. The control unit is built from a wireless microcontroller unit, with precise actuator (motor) position control, and a relative gear position encoder, fitted on the actuator motor axle. When a gear shift is commanded, the controller turns the gear drum in two steps of 180 degrees each, the shift is triggered, based on the current axle position. The axle position is read by an absolute position sensor, fitted in the end of the drive shaft, measuring position relative to the bike frame, and used to calculate the correct shift position.

DK 180699 B1 16 The rotation speed of the drive shaft, when a shift command is issued, may be used to calculate and add an offset to advance or retract the initiation of the shift, thus compensate for the motors mechanical delay, hereby allowing the shift to happen at identical positions, independent of the drive shafts rotational speed.

In one embodiment, the gear selection device’s electromechanical actuator is connected by a linkage or screw drive to the pinion gear assembly and the actuator is located externally in relation to the shaft.

— In an alternative embodiment, the gear selection device’s electromechanical actuator, in a wireless configuration, is connected by a linkage or linear screw drive to the pinion gear assembly and the actuator is located internally within the drive shaft, preferably a hollow drive shaft. Batteries, which are used to power the electromechanical actuator, may also be located within the hollow shaft.

— The electromechanical actuator linkage actuates the sections composing the pinion gear assembly to cause the sections to move axially fore and aft, changing the positions of sections relative to the gear-rings on the face gears to mesh and engage with discrete gear-rings on the face gear, depending on the desired gear to be selected.

If the present invention is used on a bicycle, then the bicycle rider can maintain pedaling rotation during the shifting of gears, and the sections composing the pinion gear assembly will move fore or aft between selected rear gear-rings at a point where tooth valleys on adjacent gear-rings align.

The number of gears shifted in one continuous fore-aft motion of the pinion gear assembly may depend on the velocity capability of the electromechanical actuator, force provided by the electromechanical actuator, and rotational speed of the drive shaft and split pinion gear assembly.

DK 180699 B1 17 In one embodiment of the invention, an electromechanical gear-selection device is positioned inside of the drive shaft and connected to the gear shifting controller and the pinion gear assembly.

In a gear shifting method, the spinner comprises at least two sections and preferably two sections and a rotator. Prior to a gear-shifting command: All of the sections and rotator composing the spinner, and the engaging elements composing the sections, are within the same rotational plane and are engaging one and the same gear-ring.

During the gear-shifting process: The operator initiates a gear-shift command by using a shift controller. The controller commands the master (i.e. one section and the rotator) to move axially along the length of the drive shaft, either upwards or downwards. After continued rotation of the spinner, comprising the now-split sections, this master engages the new gear-ring. As the spinner rotates, and as the master engages the new gear-ring, the slave will subsequently disengage the — original gear-ring. As the slave disengage the original gear ring, it will move axially to the new position of the master at the new gear-ring. After one full rotation of the spinner, all sections will move sequentially from alignment with one gear-ring, to an aligned state with another gear-ring. If for some reason gear tooth misalignment occurs during gear shifting, the rotator is such designed that the rotator can rotate around the shaft during shifting, from zero up to 36 degrees of rotation, to accommodate adjacent gear-ring tooth misalignment.

After the gear-shifting process: The gear-shifting process has been completed and all of the sections composing the spinner, and the engaging elements composing the sections, are all within a single rotational plane and are engaging one gear-ring; the new gear-ring.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. I is a side elevation of a bicycle with the gear shifting system according to a specific embodiment of the invention; Fig. 2 to 8 illustrates a perspective view drawing of a pinion gear assembly engaging with a face gear.

DK 180699 B1 18 Fig. 9A to 9C illustrate sectional views of a shifting drum in connection with two sections and a rotator.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION A specific embodiment of the present invention can be utilized as a gear shifting system on a bicycle. The present invention comprises a bicycle having the standard components such as wheels (2), crank arm (5), seat (10), and handlebars (9). These standard components are not modified by the invention (Fig. 1). According to the invention, standard frames (3) from different frame manufactures can be used with an elevated chain stay (30).

Figure 2 to 8 illustrates a gear shifting sequence of the pinion gear assembly (13). The pinion gear assembly (13) is connected to a drive shaft (8), however the drive shaft (8) is not depicted on any of the figures 2 to 8. The spinner (29) of the pinion gear assembly (13) engages in a multi-gear rear face gear (7). The multi-gear rear face gear (7) comprises a cog-disk (12) with a multiple number of concentric gear-rings (32). In the middle of the multi-gear rear face gear (7), a fastening means (42) is placed, which helps fastening the cog to the hub on the bicycle. In Fig. 3 to 8, the multi-gear rear face gear (7) is not shown in its full size. In Fig. 2 to 8, the pinion gear assembly comprises a spinner (29). The spinner (29) comprises three sections (25a, 25b, 40). The section (40) is also called a rotator and comprises 2 engaging elements, — which preferably are ball bearings (22). Section (25a) comprises 4 engaging elements whereas section (25b) comprises 6 engaging elements, both sections (25a, 25b) preferably comprises ball bearings as engaging elements (22). When gear shifting is commanded, the master always moves first axially along the drive shaft (8) (in this embodiment, the master comprises section (25b)), whereas the slave always moves second axially along the drive shaft (8) (in this embodiment, the — slave comprises section (25a) and the rotator (40)). In contrast to the two sections (25a, 25b), the rotator (40) is such designed that it can rotate around the drive shaft during shifting, from zero up to 36 degrees of rotation, to accommodate adjacent gear-ring tooth misalignment. Both section (25a, 25b) comprises fastening means (15) to fastening the pinion gear assembly (13) to the drive shaft (8).

Fig. 2 illustrates a pinion gear assembly (13) which engages in the 5"" gear-ring counted from the center of the cog (12). When gear shifting is commanded, master (Section (25b)) moves axially

DK 180699 B1 19 along the drive shaft (8) to either shift the pinion gear upwards or downwards on the rear face gear (7), as illustrated in Fig.3. After the movement along the drive shaft (8), the engaging elements (22) of the master (section (25b)) engages the new gear-ring (in this case the 6" gear-ring (32d) counted from the center of the cog (12)), as illustrated in Fig. 3, 4 and 5. Before the master (section (25b)) engages with the new gear-ring, the rotator rotates around the drive shaft axis (8) to accommodate gear tooth misalignment. The rotation of the rotator is illustrated in Fig. 3+4. The rotator (40) can rotate around the drive shaft (8), during shifting, from zero up to 36 degrees of rotation. To accommodate gear tooth misalignment, the rotator (40) and the master (section (25b)) both at the same instant in time engages, in this example, the 5" gear-ring (32c) and the 6" gear-ring (32d).

Hereafter the rotator (40) rotates in the opposite direction and reconnects with the section (25a), as shown in Fig. 5. The slave (the rotator (40) and section (25a)) then moves together axially along the axis of the drive shaft (8), as shown in Fig. 13 and engages with the new gear-ring. As illustrated in Fig. 7 and 8, the gear-shifting mechanism is complete, and illustrates the spinner (29) of the pinion gear assembly (13) engaging in the 6"" gear-ring (32d). Hereafter a new gear shifting command can now be initiated.

Fig. 9A to 9C illustrates a drum (44) in connection with section (25a), section (25b) and the rotator (40). Three pins (48a, 48b, 48c) engages the drum (44) at all times to ensure that the pinion gear assembly (13) does not disengage from the rear face gear (7) during bike riding.

The drum comprises a plurality of one-way gates (50), Each one-way gate (50) comprises two grooves (46a, 46b). The two grooves (46a, 46b) ensures that the master always moves first, and the slave always moves second regardless of a clockwise or counterclockwise rotation of the drum. The movement of the three sections (25a, rotator, 25b) on the drum (44) during gear shifting follows a hysteresis curve (not shown).

Claims (1)

DK 180699 B1 20 PATENT CLAIMS Claim 1: A gear shifting system consisting of a drive shaft (8), wherein the drive shaft (8) connects the drive system gear (7) and at least one drive element (6), and the drive system consists of: a. Minimum one driving element (6) which is connected to the other end of the drive shaft (8) and b. A gear (7) consisting of a gear disc (12) with at least one concentric gear ring (32); and c. A drive shaft (8) having an axis of rotation consisting of a front end (second end) and a rear end (first end), the drive shaft (8) further comprising a gear shift unit (13) connected to the first end of the drive shaft wherein the gear shifting system is - designed to engage one of the concentric gear rings (32) on the gear (7) so that the rotational movement of the gear ring (32) is transmitted to the drive shaft (8); in which the gearshift unit (13) consists of one or more contact elements (22); and the contact element (22) of the gearshift unit (13) engaging one of the concentric gear rings (32) of the gear (7) characterized by a gearshift system consisting of a spinner (29) comprising at least 2 sections - (25a + 25b) and a rotating section (40) which moves independently of each other; or wherein the spinner (29) consists of at least one section (25) and a rotating section (40) which moves so that one section is master and the other section follows the controlling section (slave). Claim 2: A gear shift system according to claim 1, wherein the gear shift unit (13) consists of a number of sections - (25, 40) ranging from 2 to the number of contact elements (22) in the spinner (29). Claim 3: A gear shift system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gear shift unit (13) consists of 2 to 12 sections (25, 40). DK 180699 B1 21 Claim 4: A gear shift system according to claim 1, wherein the rotating section (40) can move both axially on the drive shaft (8) and rotate about the drive shaft (8) from 0 to 36 ° rotation. Claim 5: A gear shift system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the gear shift unit (13) consists of two - sections (25,40) in which each section has an odd number of contact elements (22). A gear shift system according to claim 1, wherein the gear shift unit (13) consists of at least two sections (25a, 25b) and a rotating section (40), wherein section (25b) functions as the control section and section (25a). ) and rotating section (40) acts as a section following the guiding section. Claim 7: A gear shift system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the power transmission component is located in the front gear (6) of the gear, which is connected to the pedals of a bicycle and / or an engine. Claim 8: A gear shift system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the contact elements (22) are fixed elements and / or rotating elements. Claim 9: A gear shift system according to claim 1, wherein the contact elements (22) are fixed elements, 3D elements that cannot rotate, bushings, bearings, ball bearings, roller bearings and / or double-row deep groove ball bearings. Claim 10: A method of changing gears - consisting of a gear shift system according to claim 1, wherein the following applies: a. Before the gear shift is activated, all the sections (25, 40) are engaged in the same gear ring (32c) on the gear ( 7); b. When the gearshift is activated, at least one section (25a, 40) will still be engaged in the gear ring (32c) and at least one other section (25b) is displaced axially and moves position to a new gear ring (32d) on the gear (7) ; c. When the drive shaft (8) and gearshift unit (13) continue to rotate, the second section (25b, 40) which is now offset and in line with the new gear ring (32d) will engage the new gear ring (32d) on gear (7); DK 180699 B1 22 d. As the drive shaft (8) and gear shift unit (13) continue to rotate, the first section (25a, 40) will leave the engagement in the gear ring (32c) and be displaced axially, thus moving to the same position as 25b; e. Within an entire rotation, the first sections (25a) will thus have left the gear ring (32c) on the gear (7) and moved to the same position as the second section (25b) via axial displacement and be 1 engagement with the new gear ring (32d) and F. At this point, all the contact elements (22) attached to the sections (25) included in the gear shift unit (13) will have moved to be in line with the center line of the new gear ring (32d) and g. After this, the gear change will be completed and completed, after which the entire drive system can continue normal operation in the new gear.