DK177424B1

DK177424B1 - Charging circuit and use of the circuit

Info

Publication number: DK177424B1
Application number: DKPA201100299A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Nicholas Moeller; Milan Mancic
Original assignee: Nicholas Moeller; Milan Mancic
Priority date: 2011-04-15
Filing date: 2011-04-15
Publication date: 2013-05-13
Also published as: DK201100299A

Abstract

In a circuit adapted to supply a voltage V to an electronic device having a recharging battery, the voltage V is led to a circuit (ACG) that is able to derive a voltage VACG from V where VACG * V The circuit consist in a first embodiment of three serial coupled diodes (D1,D2,D3) and two capacitors (C1,C2), and where the capacitor (Cl) is coupled in parallel with two of the diodes (O1,D2) and the capacitor (C2) Fs coupled in parallel with the diodes (D2,D3). In this way an Asymmetric Current Generator (ACG) is provided, that from a normal periodic source voltage V can derive two voltages both of which are suitable for the electronic device and the rechargeable battery. In this way a cost effective voltage in which the voltage required for the electronic device also is beneficial for recharging the battery, leading to save in current cost and a fast recharging of the rechargeable battery. The invention also covers the use of the Asymmetric Current Generator (ACG).

Description

DK 177424 B1

The invention relates to a charging circuit adapted to supply a voltage to an electronic device, such as a load Vl, said voltage is derived from a voltage Vs that has a periodic cycle with a period having a positive part and a negative part, and where the voltage Vs is fed to a series coupling of the load Vl and the 5 input of a circuit (ACG), said circuit consist of three serial coupled diodes and two capacitors, where one of the capacitors is connected in parallel with two of the diodes, and the other capacitor is connected in parallel with two of the other diodes.

In consuming devices, such as mobile phones, it is normal practice to build into to the device a rechargeable battery.

Since the rechargeable battery is providing a voltage for the consuming device and a voltage for recharging the battery as well, it is necessary to provide an output voltage from the battery that is higher than the voltage needed for the operating of the consuming device. So the difference between the charging 15 voltage and the voltage for operating the consuming device, gives an idea of how effective the charging process is. However by applying a higher voltage to the consuming device than it is designed for, the effect of the overall system is reduced. By a simple energy calculation, it can be concluded that the efficiency is more or less proportional to the difference between the voltage used for 20 recharging the battery and the voltage for operating the consuming device.

It is therefore the object of the invention to improve the efficiency for a consuming device that uses a rechargeable battery and to improve other capacitive consuming devices.

25

This object is achieved in a charging circuit of the type defined in the introductory part of claim 1, that is characterized in, at at least a further Asymmetric Current Generator (ACG) is connected in parallel with one or both of two of the diodes.

30 In this way it is possible to eliminate the difference in voltages between the operating voltage for the consuming device and the voltage for recharging, leading to a higher efficiency of the consuming device, since it is possible from one applied voltage, to generate a nominal voltage for the consuming device and a higher voltage for recharging the battery in the consuming device.

2 DK 177424 B1

In this way, the result is a multiplication of the applied voltage, given even more efficiency in terms of recharging.

5 A expedient embodiment of the invention is defined in claims 2.

Practical example using the invention is, as stated in claim 3, that a capacitor is coupled between the voltage Vs and the Asymmetric Current Generator (ACG), and in as stated in claim 4 that a rechargeable battery is coupled to between the voltage Vs and the Asymmetric Current Generator.

The embodiment, as stated in claim 5, that the voltage Vs is connected to a series coupling of two diodes and a parallel coupling of the Asymmetric Current Generator and a capacitor, and where one terminal of the load is connected to 15 the parallel coupling whereas the other terminal of the load is connected between the diodes, and claim 6, that the voltage Vs is connected to a series coupling of two diodes and a parallel coupling of two Asymmetric Current Generators, and where one terminal of the load is connected to the parallel coupling, whereas the other terminal is connected between the diodes, gives 20 the possibility to avoid use of conventional rectifiers, when Vs for instance has a sin waveform. Further the earlier mentioned advantages of the circuit according to the invention, of generating a higher voltage from a lower supply voltage, is obtained as explained earlier.

25 Within the scope of the invention, it is an advantage to run the charging circuit in a push/pull configuration as stated in claim 7, i.e. that Vs is a DC voltage VDc that is coupled in series with two switches and the load, and that the Asymmetric Current Generator is connected in parallel with the switch and the load, and as stated in claim 8, that Vs is a DC voltage VDc, that is coupled in parallel with the 30 load and two switches and that the Asymmetric Current Generator is coupled between the switches.

When as stated in claim 9, that Vs is a DC voltage, that is coupled to the load 3 DK 177424 B1 through an inductor in series with a parallel coupling, consisting of a switch and a series coupling of the load and the Asymmetric Current Generator, a useful application in connection with a consuming device that has a lower operating voltage than that needed for the supply of voltage to recharging is obtained.

5

If the consuming device has an operating voltage that is higher or a similar voltage than the supply voltage, then an alternative preferred embodiment defined in claim 10, states that, Vs is a DC voltage VDc that is coupled to a coil, that is coupled to a parallel coupling consisting of a series coupling of the load ίο and the Asymmetric Current Generator, and a switch.

As mentioned the invention also covers a use of the invention.

This use is defined in claim 11.

15 The invention will now be explained in details, in which

Fig. 1 shows the basic circuit of the Asymmetric Current Generator according to the invention, 20 Fig. 2 shows the circuit in Fig. 1, in a multiplication version,

Fig. 3 shows the circuit in Fig. 1, in another multiplication version,

Fig. 4 shows a combination of the circuits in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, 25

Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the circuit in fig 1, in which a capacitor is coupled in parallel with the Asymmetric Current Generator,

Fig. 6 shows the Asymmetric Current Generator in Fig. 1 coupled to a 30 rechargeable battery,

Fig. 7 shows the Asymmetric Current Generator in Fig. 1 coupled to a load, 4 DK 177424 B1

Fig. 8 shows a preferred embodiment of the invention according to the invention,

Fig. 9 shows the Asymmetric Current Generator used in a three phase net, 5

Fig. 10 shows the circuit in Fig. 7 in which a DC voltage and a switching arrangement is coupled to the Asymmetric Current Generator,

Fig. 11 shows an embodiment of the circuit in Fig. 10, to

Fig. 12 shows a further embodiment where a DC voltage is led to a load and the Asymmetric Current Generator, whereas

Fig. 13 shows another embodiment where a DC voltage is led to a load and the 15 Asymmetric Current Generator.

In Fig. 1 a circuit in the form of an Asymmetric Current Generator consisting of three diodes D1, D2, D3 are coupled in series. Two capacitors C1, C2 are coupled to the diodes, such that the capacitor C1 is coupled in parallel with the diodes 20 D1,D2, whereas the capacitor C2 is coupled in parallel with the diodes D2 and D3.

This circuit is coupled to a voltage Vs through the load VL said circuit operates as follows:

When the voltage Vs is applied to the load VL a voltage Vacg is created at the 25 output of the load VL.

The voltage Vs is on the figure shown as a periodic symmetric sin signal.

The circuit operates as follows:

When the upper terminal of Vs is positive during the first half period, the capacitors C1, C2 will be charged during the first half period of Vs. The current 30 will flow through the load VL and the serial part of the circuit consisting of the capacitor C1, the diode D2 and the capacitor C2, since diodes D1, D3 will not be open for current.

When the first period is terminated the Voltage Vacg will be the voltage Vs divided by the amount of capacitors, which equals 1/2 Vs.

5 DK 177424 B1 I n the second period of the voltage Vs, the voltage Vacg will be controlled by the parallel circuit consisting of the capacitors C1, C2 and the diode D1 and the diode D3.

As shown on fig. 1, it is seen that VL> Vswhen Vs is in the second period, because 5 Vl, will be the sum of Vsand Vacg. It is noted that in the beginning of the first half period, the current to the capacitors will be maximum and determined by the resistance of the circuit. When the capacitors are fully charged the current will be minimum.

to Below an example is given suggesting that Vs is 9 Volt and the load VL is a 12v

Volt rechargeable battery. Normally it is not possible to recharge a 12 Volt battery with a 9 Volt source.

Due to the use of the circuit in fig 1, cf. also fig. 6, it is possible to recharge the 15 battery since during the charging of the capacitors C1, C2 they will get a voltage of 4,5 volt (=½Vs), said voltage will be added to the 9 volt source during the discharging of the capacitors C1, C2 and thereby creating 13,5 Volt for charging the battery.

20 The Fig. 2 circuit differs from that in Fig. 1, that two similar ACG circuits respectively, are coupled between the diodes D1 and D2 and the positive part of Vs and between the diodes D2,D3 and the negative part of Vs. The two capacitors in the ACG circuits are denoted C5, C6 and C3, C4 respectively.

In this circuit a faster charging of three capacitors C1, C2, C4 and C2, C5, C6 25 will be obtained, because they have a lower serial capacitance compared to the using of only two capacitors C1, C2 as shown in Fig. 1.

Similar when discharging the capacitors C3, C4 in parallel, they will ad their voltage to C1 and in the same way capacitors C5, C6 will ad their voltage to C2.

In summary a higher output of Vacg compared to the embodiment of Fig. 1 will 30 be the result, or in other words, a multiplication of Vs is achieved.

A variant of the Fig. 1 embodiment is shown in Fig. 3.

This embodiment also provides multiplication. As can be seen from Fig. 3 four ACG circuits are coupled in such a way, that capacitor C2 is coupled between 6 DK 177424 B1 diodes D21 and D31 to an ACG circuit having diodes D12, D21, D31 and capacitor C21. Another two ACG circuits are coupled in the same manner.

In this circuit multiplication is also provided by the plurality of ACG circuits.

The number of ACG circuits in this arrangement is determined by the value of 5 Vs and the voltage drops in the diodes. The drop is determined by the minimum voltage required for getting the diodes in a conducting state.

If batteries are used in charging, they can receive charge from the series part of the ACG circuit and deliver charge from the parallel part of the ACG circuit In this way a higher charge is generated, but lower total output voltage is 10 delivered.

Fig. 4 shows a combination of the circuits in Fig. 2 and Fig 3.

This configuration uses the results from Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 i.e. the Fig. 2 circuit provides a higher voltage output and lower charging amount and that the Fig.

15 3 circuit provides lower voltage output and higher charging amount. The combination results in a higher combined voltage and charging amount output.

In the Fig. 5 embodiment, which is a variant of Fig. 1, Vs is coupled to capacitor C3, which in turn is coupled to the diodes D1, D2 and D3.

20 This circuit operates as a voltage intensifier gaining Vs.

It order to understand how the circuit in Fig 5 operates, it is assumed that the left terminal is positive and the right terminal is negative.

It is also assumed that no charging is present at capacitors C1 and C2.

I n this case the diodes D1, D2, D3 will shorten the capacitors C1 and C2, leading 25 to charging of capacitor C3 in the first positive period of the voltage Vs. When the polarity of Vs in the second half of the period is negative, the capacitor C3 will be coupled in series with Vs, resulting in a doubling of the output voltage leading to charging of the capacitors C1 and C2 to half the voltage output. When the next period of Vs is present, the now charged capacitors C1 and C2 will 30 discharge in parallel to the capacitor C3.

In this way the voltage in C3 will be increased due to the repeating contribution from the voltage from the capacitors and Vs itself.

The ACG circuit produces asymmetry between charging and discharging on capacitor C3.

7 DK 177424 B1

The amount of voltage multiplication in Fig. 5 is determined by Vs multiplied by the amount of capacitors in the ACG circuit.

In Fig 6, a practical use of the ACG circuit is demonstrated.

5 Compared to the Fig. 5 version, a rechargeable battery is inserted instead of the capacitor C3.

Such a rechargeable battery do not behave as the capacitor C3, but it operates for instance with voltages between 10,8 Volt and 13,5 Volt.

This means that the battery when connected to an ACG circuit, will receive 10 higher amount of charge than it releases.

This again means that it is possible to use a voltage source Vs that is sufficient for a consuming device, and still creating a voltage needed for charging the battery, without increasing the voltage source Vs.

15 Depending of which and how the ACG circuits are dimensioned or multiplied, it is for instance possible to charge a 36 volt battery with voltage source Vs of 2 volt.

In Fig. 7 an arrangement of the ACG circuit, where the source Vs is connected 20 to the ACG circuit-Vs is also connected to two diodes D4, D5.

A load is connected between the diodes and the common terminal between the ACG circuit and the capacitor C7. The current passes through the load during each half period of the source Vs such that when the right terminal is positive, the capacitor C7, receives charge from the load and the ACG circuit releases 25 charge. When the right terminal is negative, the capacitor releases charge and the ACG circuit receives charge.

In this way rectifying of current from Vs provides higher voltage and current across the load terminal, compared to using standard method of rectifying current from Vs, cf. the shown waveforms.

30

The arrangement in Fig. 8 differs from that in Fig. 7 in that the capacitor C7 is replaced by another ACG circuit. The function is basically the same as explained in connection with Fig. 7, but with the differences that both periods of the source Vs provides in a shifting manner charging and discharging in the ACG circuit 35 leading to the output as shown.

8 DK 177424 B1

In Fig. 9 is shown an arrangement in which a load is connected to a 3 phase network in an “Y’ coupling. The operation is similar to the operation of the above mentioned one phase networks.

5

Now to fig 10.

This embodiment shows an arrangement where a load is coupled in series with a switch S2, said series coupling is connected respectively in parallel with an ACG circuit and a series coupling of a switch S1 and source VDc· As can be seen to from the figure the source Vdc a DC voltage.

When the switch S1 is open and the switch S2 is closed, then the capacitors in the ACG circuit will be discharged through the load.

When the switch S1 closed and the switch S2 is open, then the capacitors in the ACG circuit will be charged. It’s basically the same operation as it was explained 15 in connection with the Fig. 1 - 4.

By driving the switches as explained a push/pull connection is provided.

Fig. 11 differs from Fig. 10 in that the load is connected in parallel with VDc This configuration is suitable in case that the operating voltage of the load is 20 higher or the same as the voltage Vdc.

When the switch S2 is closed and switch S1 is open, the capacitors of the ACG circuit will be charged.

When the switch S1 is closed and the switch S2 is open, then the capacitors in the ACG circuit will discharge in the load, which at the same time provides a 25 value that is higher than Vdc.

In the Fig. 12 embodiment a switch S is connected in parallel with a series coupling of a load and an ACG circuit. The switch is further coupled in parallel with a Vdc source and a coil.

30 This arrangement operates as follows.

When switch S is closed, the current passes from VDc source through the coil which creates an electromagnetic field around the coil and stores energy in the coil. In the same time, through the switch S, the capacitors inside the ACG circuit discharges through the load.

9 DK 177424 B1

When switch S is open, the electromagnetic field around the coil will collapse resulting in producing a high voltage which discharges through the load and the capacitors in the ACG circuit. This will be repeated when the switch is closed, and again when the switch is opened.

5

In fig 13 it is seen that a load is coupled in series with an ACG circuit. It is also seen that the ACG circuit and the load is in parallel with a coil. A voltage VDc is supplied to the common point of the coil and the load. A switch is coupled to the common point between the coil and the ACG circuit.

10

When the switch S is closed, the current from the VDc source runs through the load and the ACG circuit in which the capacitors in the ACG circuit are charged.

At the same time an electromagnetic field is build up around the coil. When the switch S opens, the electromagnetic field around the coil collapses and produces 15 a higher voltage, which discharges in series with the ACG circuit through the load. The load is supplied with a higher Voltage than VDc in the same way, as it was explained in connection with the foregoing figures.

Even though the invention is explained in connection with passive components, 20 it is clear within the scope of the claims, that the invention could be implemented with active components, such as transistors replacing the diodes or the like.

25

Claims

A charging circuit adapted to supply a voltage to an electrical circuit, such as a load VL, wherein said voltage is derived from a voltage Vs having a periodic cycle having a period having a positive part and a negative part, and wherein the voltage Vs is fed to a series connection of the load VL and the input of an asymmetric current generator (ACG), said circuit being comprised of three series connected diodes (D1, D2, D3) and two capacitors (C1, C2) where one of the 10 capacitors (C1) is connected in parallel to two of the diodes (D1, D2) and the second capacitor (C2) is connected in parallel to two of the other diodes (D2, D3), characterized in that at least one additional asymmetric generator (ACG ) is connected in parallel to one or two of the diodes. 15

Charging circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that the capacitor (C2) in the Asymmetric Current Generator (ACG) is connected between two of the diodes (D21, D31) in the additional Asymmetric Current Generator (ACG). 20

Charging circuit according to claims 1 - 2, characterized in that a capacitor (C3) is connected between the voltage Vs and the Asymmetric Current Generator (ACG).

Charging circuit according to claims 1 - 2, characterized in that a rechargeable battery is connected between the voltage Vs and an asymmetric current generator (ACG).

Charging circuit according to claims 1 - 2, characterized in that the voltage Vs 30 is connected to a series connection of two diodes (D4, D5) and a parallel connection of the asymmetric current generator (ACG) and a capacitor and wherein a terminal of a load is connected to the parallel connection while the other terminal is connected between the diodes. 2 DK 177424 B1

Charging circuit according to claims 1 - 2, characterized in that the voltage Vs is connected to a series connection of two diodes (D4, D5) and a parallel connection of two asymmetric current generators, and wherein a terminal 5 of the load is connected to the parallel connection, while the other terminal is connected between the diodes.

Charging circuit according to claims 1 - 2, characterized in that Vs is a DC voltage VDC connected in series with two switches (S1, S2) and two loads, and that the asymmetric current generator (ACG) is connected in parallel with the switch (S2) and the load.

Charging circuit according to claims 1-2, characterized in that Vs is a DC voltage VDC connected in parallel with the load and two switches (S1, S2) and the asymmetric current generator (ACG) is connected between the switches (S1, S2 ).

Charging circuit according to claims 1-2, characterized in that Vs is a DC voltage VDcder is connected to the load through a coil in series 20 with a parallel coupling consisting of a switch (S) and a series connection of the load and the asymmetric current generator. (ACG).

Charging circuit according to claims 1-2, characterized in that Vs is a DC 25 voltage VDc connected to a coil and subsequently connected in parallel with a series connection of the load and the asymmetric current generator (ACG) whose output is connected to a switch (S). 30

Use of a number of N of ACG circuits according to claims 1 - 10 in an N-phase network.