DK176327B1

DK176327B1 - Divider for separating fish

Info

Publication number: DK176327B1
Application number: DK200000114A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Snorre Angell
Original assignee: Snorre Angell
Priority date: 1999-01-28
Filing date: 2000-01-25
Publication date: 2007-08-13
Also published as: NO307911B1; IS5363A; DK200000114A; NO990389A; IS2096B; NO990389D0

Description

DK 176327 B1DK 176327 B1

Opfindelsen angår en fleksibel selektionsrist til frasortering af undermålsfisk og uønsket småfisk fra trawifangster og af den i krav 1's indledning angivne art.The invention relates to a flexible selection grid for the removal of sub-target fish and undesirable small fish from trawl catches and of the nature specified in the preamble of claim 1.

Opfindelsens baggrund 5 Der har i længere tid været fokus på en forsvarlig forvaltning af vore fiskeressourcer, og ofte er fangst af små- og undermålsfisk trukket frem som dadelværdigt i denne sammenhæng. Ved trawlfiskeri har man satset på, at maskestørrelsen i garn og not skulle regulere størrelsen af fiskene. Dette har imidlertid vist sig mindre effektivt, især ved torskefiskeri. I begyndelsen af 90-erne blev der derfor af det norske fiskeridirektorat, Havforskningsinstituttet og Fiskerihøyskø-10 len i Tromsø satset meget på udviklingen af riste til frasortering af småfisk, idet afstanden mellem spilerne er bestemmende for, hvor store fisk der frasorteres.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 5 For a long time the focus has been on the sound management of our fish resources, and catches of small and low-target fish have often been highlighted as valuable in this context. In trawl fishing, it has been suggested that the mesh size in nets and nets should regulate the size of the fish. However, this has proven less effective, especially in cod fishing. In the early 1990s, therefore, the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries, the Institute of Marine Research and the Fishery College in Tromsø put a great deal of effort into the development of grids for the removal of small fish, as the distance between the spills determines the size of the fish being sorted.

Der findes på markedet flere riste og systemer. Et af disse er et seiektionssystem med to riste af syrefast stål indsat i en netsektiqn med henblik på videre montering i et torsketrawi. Kon-15 struktionen er stiv og vejer over 100 kg. Dette system er påbudt i Barentshavet ved brug af torsketrawi, men på grund af stivhed og vægt gives der dispensationer ved dårligt vejr på grund af risikoen for stød og klemskader. Systemets effektivitet og virkemåde er veldokumenteret ved små og middelfiskemængder, men har diskuterbar effektivitet ved store fiskemængder. Systemet er ikke brugervenligt, og det er dyrt. Vægten medfører desuden større slitage på eksiste-20 rende udstyr, og især for mindre både med tromle til redskabshåndtering er anvendelse af sådanne riste vanskelig.There are several grids and systems on the market. One of these is a seepage system with two acid-resistant grids inserted in a net section for further assembly in a cod trawl. The structure is rigid and weighs over 100 kg. This system is mandatory in the Barents Sea through the use of cod trawls, but due to stiffness and weight, dispensations are provided in bad weather due to the risk of shock and pinch damage. The efficiency and operation of the system is well documented by small and medium fish stocks, but has debatable efficiency at large fish stocks. The system is not user friendly and it is expensive. Furthermore, the weight causes greater wear on existing equipment, and especially for smaller boats with drum for implement handling, the use of such shakes is difficult.

Der findes også et enklere system. Der er tale om et selektionssystem med en rist af syrefast rustfrit stå! monteret i en netsektion for videre montering i torsketrawi. Konstruktionen er lettere, 25 vejer over 50 kg, men er stadig stiv og tung, og effektiviteten er omdiskuteret.There is also a simpler system. This is a selection system with a grid of acid-resistant stainless steel! mounted in a net section for further installation in cod trawl. The construction is lighter, 25 weighs over 50 kg, but is still stiff and heavy and the efficiency is debated.

Der kendes også en rist fra norsk patent nr. 177411. Der er tale om en fleksibel skillerist af plastmaterialer og specielt tilpasset sejnot. Det er I patentskriftet anført, at risten også kan anvendes i trawi og snurrevod. Den er imidlertid ikke egnet tii trawl og snurrevod, fordi træk-30 kræfterne i en trawl not er 90° drejet i forhold til retningen af kræfterne s en snurrevod. Ved montering af den nævnte rist i en trawl not vil det meste af belastningen forekomme i ristens længderetning og ikke i bredderetningen, som det er tilfældet i en snurrenot. Det er trækkræfterne og disses retning i snurrenoten, som i hovedsagen holder den nævnte rist udspilet. Man vil derfor få den maksimale spilerafstand opretholdt under hele selektionsprocessen. På grund 35 af kræfternes retning i en trawlnot vil risten blive trukket sammen, fordi tværbåndene er meget fleksible, og den ønskede spilerafstand vil således ikke kunne opnås. En rist uden konstant mindste spilerafstand vi! ikke kunne godkendes.Also known is a grate from Norwegian Patent No. 177411. This is a flexible separating grid of plastic materials and specially adapted sejnot. It is stated in the patent that the grate can also be used in trawi and seines. However, it is not suitable for trawl and seeding, because the pulling forces in a trawl groove are 90 ° rotated relative to the direction of the seeding seines. When mounting said grate in a trawl groove, most of the load will occur in the longitudinal direction of the grate and not in the width direction, as is the case in a swivel groove. It is the traction forces and their direction in the spinning note that in the main keep the said grid played out. Therefore, the maximum player spacing will be maintained throughout the selection process. Due to the direction of the forces in a trawl net, the grate will be pulled together because the crossbands are very flexible and thus the desired spacer distance will not be achieved. A grid with no constant minimum spacing we! could not be approved.

2 DK 176327 B12 DK 176327 B1

Et andet problem ved den kendte rist er, at sammensyning eller -smeltning af tværbåndene medfører unøjagtigheder og afvigelser i afstanden mellem spilerne, altså spileråbningen. Tværbåndene er heller ikke fysisk fastgjort til spilerne, og der er derved risiko for forskydninger. Ved trawling er ristene meget mere udsat for vedhængning, både på dæk og på bunden, med for-5 skydninger og ændret indbyrdes afstande mellem tværbåndene som resultat. Ujævn og uens afstand mellem tværbåndene repræsenterer merarbejde, hvad angår vedligeholdelse, samt ændrede selektionsegenskaber. Dette er uønskede faktorer.Another problem with the known grating is that the seaming or melting of the cross-straps causes inaccuracies and deviations in the distance between the coils, ie the coils opening. The crossbands are also not physically attached to the pelvis, and there is a risk of displacements. In trawling, the grids are much more susceptible to adhesion, both on deck and on the bottom, with displacements and altered spacing between the crossbands as a result. Uneven and uneven distance between the crossbands represents extra work in maintenance, as well as changing selection characteristics. These are undesirable factors.

Enderne af den patenterede rist er heller ikke tilpasset montering i torsketrawi. Ved montering 10 af den nævnte rist i torsketrawi vil hovedkræfterne falde på endernes tværbånd. Tærbåndenes fleksibilitet vil medføre, at risten trækkes sammen med ændret spilerafstand som resultat,The ends of the patented grate are also not adapted for installation in cod trawl. When mounting 10 of the said grid in the cod trawl, the main forces will fall on the ends of the ends. The flexibility of the tie straps will result in the grating being pulled together with changed spacer spacing as a result,

Risten er heller ikke udviklet til, at hovedbelastningen skal ske på langs ad risten, således at der også er risiko for, at tværbåndene slides løs fra spilerne.Also, the grate is not designed for the main load to be carried along the grate, so that there is also a risk that the cross-straps wear away from the spills.

15 FormålPurpose

Hovedformålet med den foreliggende opfindelse er at anvise en fleksibel rist til frasortering af levende undermålsfisk og andre uønskede småfisk fra trawlfangster, som er håndterings- og brugervenlig, uden problemerne ved den kendte teknik. Et yderligere formål er, at risten skal være et virkemiddel for myndighederne i en forsvarlig ressourceforvaltning. Risten skal primært 20 være udformet til brug i bundtrawl, hovedsagelig torsketrawi, men også i semipelagiske og pelagiske trawl (flydetrawl) samt til snurrevod- og notfiskeri.The main object of the present invention is to provide a flexible grate for the removal of live undersized fish and other unwanted small fish from trawl catches which are easy to handle and easy to use, without the problems of the prior art. A further purpose is for the grid to be an instrument for the authorities in a sound resource management. The grate must primarily be designed for use in bottom trawls, mainly cod trawls, but also in semi-pelagic and pelagic trawls (float trawls), as well as seine and net fishing.

OpfindelsenThe invention

Formålet opnås ved en rist i overensstemmelse med den kendetegnende del af krav 1. Yderi i-25 gere træk fremgår af underkravene.The object is achieved by a grating according to the characterizing part of claim 1. Further features are disclosed in the subclaims.

Riste af plast og gummi er lette og fleksible, og de er billige at fremstille. Fleksibiliteten medfører, at risikoen for stød og klemskader minimeres, og ristene kan anvendes uden specielle tilpasninger på både, som opbevarer trawl og snurrevodsnoter på rulle. Fleksible riste giver 30 samme sorteringsnøjagtighed og skånsom behandling af den frasorterede fisk som stive riste.Plastic and rubber grilles are light and flexible and are inexpensive to manufacture. The flexibility means that the risk of shock and pinch damage is minimized and the grids can be used without special adjustments on boats that store trawls and reel notes on roll. Flexible grating provides 30 same sorting accuracy and gentle treatment of the sorted fish as rigid grating.

Ved brug af lette materialer som plast og gummi vil risten få en vægt under 20 kg, og dette minimerer slitagen på eksisterende udstyr. Andre lette materialer, såsom eksempelvis polyurethan, kan naturligvis også anvendes. En fleksibel og let rist giver Ingen risiko for varige deformationer, hvilket er et problem ved riste af metal.Using lightweight materials such as plastic and rubber, the grate will weigh less than 20 kg, minimizing the wear and tear of existing equipment. Other light materials, such as, for example, polyurethane, can of course also be used. A flexible and lightweight grate presents no risk of permanent deformation, which is a problem with metal grating.

Håndtering og brugervenlighed forbedres betydeligt på grund af fleksibiliteten og vægten. Systemet kan forlanges anvendt, uden at der må gives dispensation på grund af dårligt vejr, og dermed har myndighederne et bedre virkemiddel i forvaltningen af fiskeressourcerne.Handling and ease of use are greatly improved due to flexibility and weight. The system can be used without requiring exemption due to bad weather, and thus the authorities have a better instrument in managing fishery resources.

35 3 DK 176327 B135 3 DK 176327 B1

EksempelExample

Opfindelsen ska! i det følgende forklares nærmere i forbindelse med tegningen, hvor tig. 1 viser fleksible riste monteret i en netsektion, 5 fig. 2 en del af en løs rist, klar til montering, fig. 3 et tværgående langstrakt legeme, fig, 4 en langsgående spiler, fig. 5 enden af en spiler med endestoppere og sjækkel, fig. 6 i detalje fastgørelsen mellem tværgående legemer og spilere med midtstoppere, 10 fig. 7 en midtstopper før montering, fig. 8 en endestopper før montering, og fig. 9 overgangen mellem rist og netpanel.The invention should! In the following, it is further explained in connection with the drawing, in which FIG. 1 shows flexible grilles mounted in a mesh section; FIG. 2 is a part of a loose grate, ready for mounting; FIG. Fig. 3 is a transverse elongate body; 5 shows the end of a spindle with end stoppers and shackle; FIG. 6 shows in detail the attachment between transverse bodies and mid-stop players; FIG. 7 shows a central stop before mounting; FIG. 8 shows an end stop before mounting; and FIG. 9 the transition between grid and grid panel.

Fig. 1 viser riste ifølge opfindelsen. Ristene er monteret med den vinkel og position, de skal 15 have under brug.FIG. 1 shows a grid according to the invention. The grilles are fitted with the angle and position they must have during use.

Fig. 2 viser et udsnit af en rist 11 af plast og gummimateriaier og opbygget af langsgående plastspilere/rør, sædvanligvis 15-25 stk. som er bundet sammen af fire tværgående langstrakte legemer af fiberarmeret gummi, sædvanligvis 3-7 stk. Mellem spilerne 12 og legemerne 13 20 dannes åbninger 14, såkaldte spileråbninger, hvor fisk under en given størrelse kan slippe ud.FIG. 2 shows a section of a grate 11 of plastic and rubber materials and constructed of longitudinal plastic columns / tubes, usually 15-25 pieces. which are joined together by four transverse elongated bodies of fiber reinforced rubber, usually 3-7 pieces. Apertures 14 are formed between the reels 12 and the bodies 13 20, so-called reel openings, where fish below a given size can escape.

I fig, 3 er vist to riste, som er drejet indbyrdes 90°, af et langstrakt cylindrisk gummilegeme, som er udformet med dimensioner tilpasset spilerafstanden 16, der giver den ønskede selektion. Gummilegemerne 13 er udformet med fiberarmering og har høj slidstyrke og bestandighed mod 25 havvand, syrer/baser og andre kemikalier. Legemerne har gennemgående huiler 15 fordelt over længden og dimensioneret i overensstemmelse med spilernes 12 diameter, idet spilerne 12 skal føres gennem hullerne 15. Det er altså afstanden mellem hullerne 15, som bestemmer spilerafstanden 16 og dermed størrelsen af fisk, der kan passere risten.In Fig. 3 are shown two grids, which are rotated 90 ° to each other, of an elongated cylindrical rubber body, which is formed with dimensions adapted to the spacer spacing 16, which gives the desired selection. The rubber bodies 13 are designed with fiber reinforcement and have high abrasion resistance and resistance to seawater, acids / bases and other chemicals. The bodies generally have weights 15 distributed over the length and dimensioned according to the diameter of the players 12, the piles 12 having to pass through the holes 15. Thus, it is the distance between the holes 15 which determines the spinner distance 16 and thus the size of fish that can pass the grate.

30 Fig. 4 viser to rids indbyrdes drejet 90° af langsgående runde spilere/rør af plast, fortrinsvis polyamid. Spilerne 12 er fleksible, men meget stivere end gummilegememe, således at risten II er mere fleksibel i bredderetningen end i længderetningen. Enderne 17 af spilerne 12 er tilpasset overgangen til et netpanel 26 og er afrundede for at undgå fasthagning i netpanelerne 26. Der er et hul 18 i enderne 17 af spilerne 12 tilpasset dimensionerne af en sjækkel 19, 35 fortrinsvis en D-sjækkel.FIG. 4 shows two rows rotated 90 ° between longitudinal round players / tubes of plastic, preferably polyamide. The players 12 are flexible but much stiffer than the rubber bodies, so that the grate II is more flexible in the width direction than in the longitudinal direction. The ends 17 of the pegs 12 are aligned with the transition to a net panel 26 and are rounded to avoid locking in the net panels 26. There is a hole 18 at the ends 17 of the pegs 12 adapted to the dimensions of a bag 19, 35 preferably a D-bag.

4 DK 176327 B14 DK 176327 B1

Plastspilerne 12 sammenholdes og bibringes en vis indbyrdes og konstant afstand 16 (spiierafstand) ved hjælp af fiberarmerede, pressede/formstøbte og langstrakte gummilegemer 13 med huiler 15, gennem hvilke spilerne 12 kan føres.The plastic pillars 12 are held together and imparted to one another at a constant distance 16 (spacing distance) by means of fiber-reinforced, pressed / molded and elongated rubber bodies 13 with howls 15, through which the rollers 12 can be passed.

5 Fig. 6 viser detaljer af forbindelsen mellem legemerne 13 og spilerne 12. Der er her anvendt en speciel fæsteanordning, midtstoppere 20 (jf. fig. 7). Over de yderste 3-4 mm har hullerne 15 i legemerne 13 en aftrappet udvidelse 21, som er tilpasset midtstoppernes diameter, således at enderne 27 af midtstopperne 20 bliver delvis skjult af de tværgående gummilegemer. Disse ender 27 er vist med punkteret streg i fig. 6. Gummilegemernes funktion er at give en konstant 10 afstand mellem spilerne 12 og fleksibilitet og styrke ti! risten, især i dennes bredderetning. Selv om risten bliver bøjet i bredderetningen, ændres spilerafstanden 16 ikke.FIG. 6 shows details of the connection between the bodies 13 and the piles 12. A special fastening device, center stop 20, is used here (cf. Fig. 7). Above the outer 3-4 mm, the holes 15 in the bodies 13 have a stepped extension 21 which is adapted to the diameter of the center stops, so that the ends 27 of the center stops 20 are partially concealed by the transverse rubber bodies. These ends 27 are shown in dotted line in FIG. 6. The function of the rubber bodies is to provide a constant distance between the pulleys 12 and flexibility and strength ten! the grate, especially in its latitude. Although the grate is bent in the width direction, the spacer spacing 16 does not change.

Midtstopperne 20 er detaljeret vist i tre rids, der er drejet indbyrdes 90® i fig. 7. De er todelte, og ved hjælp af eksempelvis "spor" 23 kan de klemmes sammen rundt om spilerne 12 ved mundin-15 gerne til hullerne 15 i de tværgående gummiiegemer 13 og fæstes permanent til disse. Den permanente fastgørelse kan ske ved kemisk svejsning, dvs. der påføres et opløsningsmiddel for plastmaterialet i stopperen og spileren, hvorefter delene trykkes sammen og tørres. Fastgørelsen kan også udføres på anden kendt måde, eksempelvis ved hjælp af gevind eller konisk udformning. Stopperne er afrundede i de ender 22, som stikker ud fra hullerne 15 i gummiie-20 gememe 13 for at undgå skade på fiskene. Dimensionerne er tilpasset spilerne 12 og de tværgående legemer, og stopperne fremstilles fortrinsvis af samme plastmateriale som spilerne 12.The center stops 20 are shown in detail in three scratches rotated 90 90 in FIG. 7. They are bifurcated and, for example, by means of "grooves" 23, they can be clamped around the pegs 12 at the mouth 15 preferably to the holes 15 in the transverse rubber blades 13 and fixed permanently to these. The permanent attachment can be done by chemical welding, ie. a solvent for the plastic material is applied to the stopper and the player, after which the parts are compressed and dried. The fastening can also be carried out in another known manner, for example by thread or conical design. The stops are rounded at the ends 22 which protrude from the holes 15 in the rubber 20 hanger 13 to avoid damage to the fish. The dimensions are adapted to the spools 12 and the transverse bodies, and the stoppers are preferably made of the same plastic material as the spools 12.

Det er en fordel ved fremstillingen, at de to stopperdele er identiske. Stoppernes funktion er at fastgøre gummilegemerne 13 til spilerne 12, således at der opnås konstant afstand/forhold mellem spilere 12 og legemer.It is an advantage of manufacturing that the two stopper parts are identical. The function of the stops is to attach the rubber bodies 13 to the pulleys 12 so that a constant distance / ratio between players 12 and bodies is obtained.

25 Fæsteanordningen mellem spilere 12 og gummilegemer 13 ved enden af risten, herefter benævnt endestoppere 24, er vist i detaljer i tre rids, som er drejet indbyrdes 90° i fig. 8. Stopperne er tilpasset spilerne 12 og de langstrakte legemer 13 og påsættes enden 17 af spilerne 12. De har spor 25 tilpasset sjækler 19, fortrinsvis D-sjækier. Endestoppere 24 er i et stykke og 30 af samme plastmateriale som spilerne 12. De fæstes permanent til spilerne 12 på samme måde som midtstoppeme 20, fortrinsvis ved kemisk svejsning. Funktionen er at hindre, at de tværgående legemer 13 ved enden af risten, dvs. de yderste legemer, rives løs fra risten, samt at beskytte D-sjækierne 19 mod fasthagning i netpanelet 26. Stopperne kan også udføres med kun et hul i stedet for et spor 25, men da er sjæklerne 19 ikke beskyttede, og der vil opstå 35 problemer med at de hægter sig fast i netpanelet 26.25 The fastening device between players 12 and rubber bodies 13 at the end of the grate, hereinafter referred to as end stoppers 24, is shown in detail in three scratches rotated 90 ° to each other in FIG. 8. The stops are adapted to the spools 12 and the elongated bodies 13 and to the end 17 of the spools 12. They have grooves 25 adapted to shackles 19, preferably D-checks. End stoppers 24 are integrally and 30 of the same plastic material as the pads 12. They are permanently attached to the piles 12 in the same way as the center pegs 20, preferably by chemical welding. The function is to prevent the transverse bodies 13 at the end of the grate, i. the outer bodies, being detached from the grate, and protecting the D-checks 19 from hooking in the grid panel 26. The stops can also be performed with only one hole instead of a groove 25, but then the shackles 19 are not protected and 35 will occur. problems with getting stuck in the grid panel 26.

5 DK 176327 B15 DK 176327 B1

Risten 11 kan udformes uden endestopperne 24, og de yderste tværgående legemer 13 fæstes da med midistoppere. Dette er imidlertid ikke hensigtsmæssigt, da en længere spilerende 17 så vil stikke ud fra risten, og sjæklerne 19 er ikke beskyttet. Ved kortere afstand fra sidste tværgående legeme til enden af risten opnår man en rist, som fungerer bedre.The grating 11 can be formed without the end stops 24, and the outer transverse bodies 13 are then secured with midistoppers. However, this is not appropriate as a longer spindle 17 will then protrude from the grate and shackles 19 are not protected. At a shorter distance from the last transverse body to the end of the grate, you obtain a grating that works better.

55

Fig. 9 viser i detaljer fastgørelsen ti! netpanelet 26 med sjæklerne 19. Det fremgår af figuren, at det er et problem, hvis sjæklerne er ubeskyttede og kan hage sig fat i netpanelet 26.FIG. 9 shows in detail the attachment ten! The grid panel 26 with shackles 19. The figure shows that it is a problem if the shackles are unprotected and can catch on the grid panel 26.

En rist med de beskrevne specifikationer er udviklet og afprøvet under torskefiskeri og har vist 10 sig at tilfredsstille krav og forventninger om forbedringer i forhold til kendt teknik.A grate with the specifications described has been developed and tested during cod fishing and has been found to satisfy requirements and expectations of improvements over prior art.

Claims

A ski grate (11) for separating live small fish, in particular in the case of reed and trawl, comprising longitudinal tubes or players (12) spaced parallel to some distance and bonded together by transverse elongated bodies, such that a gridwork of apertures (14) is formed between neighboring spiers and bodies (13) which only allow fish of a certain size to pass through, characterized in that the connection between the longitudinal players (12) and the transverse elongated bodies (13) in the grate (11) includes bush-shaped center stoppers (20) about the pulleys (12) on the opposite portions of the transverse bodies, at least 10 for bodies which are not outermost in the grate, the stoppers being permanently attached to the piles (12). ) and rounded at the ends (22) protruding from the bodies (13) to avoid damage to the fish, and by the passage to the net panel (26) being made up of shackles (19) attached to the ends (17) by the reels , especially in holes (18), which shackles (19) are protected by end stops (24), which are preferably formed in a piece with a cap. or grooves (25) for attaching the shackles. 15

Separation grid (11) according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection between the longitudinal players (12) and the outer transverse bodies (13) in the grate (11) comprises center stops (20) on the side of the body facing the grate. , and end stops (24) on the side facing the mains panel (26). 20

Ski grille (11) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the center stops (20) are two-part and that the parts are preferably identical.

Separation grid (11) according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the stops are partially hidden by the 25 elongated transverse bodies.

A separating grate (11) according to claims 1-4, characterized in that the stoppers are made of the same plastic material as the spools (12), preferably polyamide.

Separation grid (11) according to claims 1-5, characterized in that the transverse bodies (13) are made of rubber, preferably fiber-reinforced rubber.

6 DK 176327 B1

Ski grate (11) according to claims 1-6, characterized in that the transverse bodies (13) are formed with holes (15) through which the spools (12) are passed. 7 DK 176327 B1

A ski grille (11) according to claim 7, characterized in that the holes (15) in the transverse bodies (13) have a stepped extension (21) over the outer 3-4 mm for attaching the center stops (20).

A ski grille (11) according to claims 5-8, characterized in that the stops are permanently fastened to ten! the pads (12) by chemical welding, i.e. that a solvent for the plastic material is applied to both the stoppers and the spills, after which they are compressed and dried.