DK170355B1

DK170355B1 - Fishing gear, preferably a fishing bag, method of making it, and use

Info

Publication number: DK170355B1
Application number: DK100193A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Knud Carlsen; Stig-Rune Yngvesson
Original assignee: Carlsen Net As
Priority date: 1993-09-03
Filing date: 1993-09-03
Publication date: 1995-08-07
Also published as: DK100193A; WO1995006405A1; AU7608794A

Description

i DK 170355 B1in DK 170355 B1

Fiskeredskabfishing gear

Opfindelsen angår et fiskeredskab, fortrinsvis fangstposen i et fisketrawl og af den art, hvor trækretningen går dia-5 gonalt gennem netmaskerne, og hvori der er indsat en særlig sorteringsdel, der i højere grad end den øvrige del er indrettet til at bevare formen af de åbninger, som de til frasortering bestemte fisk skal passere.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to a fishing gear, preferably the trapping bag of a fishing trawl and of the type in which the pulling direction goes diagonally through the net masks, and wherein a special sorting part is provided which is designed to maintain the shape of the openings which the fish intended for sorting must pass through.

10 Det drejer sig således om en fremgangsmåde til at øge fangstselektiviteten ved fiskeri med store redskaber, en konstruktion af trawl til brug ved fremgangsmåden og et netmateriale til fremstilling af fiskeredskaber med øget selektivitet.10 It is thus a method of increasing the fishing selectivity of large-scale fishing, a construction of trawl for use in the method, and a net material for the production of fishing gear of increased selectivity.

1515

For at opnå et optimalt udbytte af fiskeresourcerne reguleres fiskeriet dels via kvoteordninger og dels via tekniske bevaringsforanstaltninger. De tekniske bevaringsforanstaltninger omfatter normer for fiskeredskabernes maskestørrel-20 se, normer for hvor store bifangster de forskellige fangster må indeholde og bestemmelser for mindstemål på de fangede fisk og skaldyr.In order to achieve optimal utilization of fishery resources, fisheries are regulated partly by quota schemes and partly by technical conservation measures. The technical conservation measures include standards for the mesh size of the fishing gear, standards for the size of by-catches of the various catches and minimum requirements for the seafood caught.

Formålet med normer for maskestørrelsen er at undgå landing 25 af fisk under en bestemt størrelse. Det antages, at masker- ' ne har en størrelsessorterende effekt, som alene beror på maskevidden i forhold til fiskestørrelsen. Man søger derfor at opnå en størrelsessortering, som også kan blive en artssortering, ved at tilpasse maskevidden til den fisk, man 30 ønsker at fange. Fisk, der er mindre end tilladte mindstemål, kan slippe ud af redskabet. Vigtigt er det, at fiskene ikke skades ved sorteringen gennem maskerne. Hypotesen bag reglerne for maskevidde er, at jo større masker der er i redskabet, desto større og flere fisk kan slippe ud og der-35 med forblive i bestanden og udnytte deres vækstmuligheder.The purpose of mesh size norms is to avoid landing 25 fish below a certain size. It is assumed that the masks have a size-sorting effect, which depends solely on the mesh size in relation to the fish size. Therefore, one seeks to achieve a size assortment, which can also become a species assortment, by adapting the mesh size to the fish you wish to catch. Fish smaller than the minimum allowable size can escape from the gear. Importantly, fish are not harmed by the sorting through the meshes. The hypothesis behind the rules for mesh size is that the larger meshes in the tool, the larger and more fish can escape and thus remain in the stock and exploit their growth opportunities.

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Det har imidlertid vist sig, at maskevidden er et meget u-sikkert grundlag for bedømmelse af et redskabs sorteringsevne og dermed brugernes mulighed for at opfylde gældende bestemmelser for mindstemål og bifangster.However, it has been found that the mesh size is a very uncertain basis for assessing a tool's sorting ability and thus the users' ability to meet applicable minimum and by-catch regulations.

55

Maskevidden, dvs. det indre mål af en strakt maske, er en bekvem størrelse at operere med ved produktion af net og ved myndighedernes kontrol af fiskeredskaber. Det, der imidlertid betyder noget for selektiviteten, er maskestør-10 reisen i brugssituationen. Maskens form kan variere fra kvadratisk over diamantform til en smal spalte, hvor spaltens længde svarer tilnærmelsesvis til den såkaldte maskevidde. Maskens form bestemmes af de trækkræfter, som virker på masken under brug og hermed af redskabets konstruktion 15 og brugsbetingelserne, og det er netop i dette forhold, man kan finde forklaringen på den ringe selektering og den høje dødelighed i bifangsten.The mesh width, ie the internal goal of a stretched mesh is a convenient size to operate with in the production of nets and in the control of fishing gear by the authorities. However, what matters for the selectivity is the mesh size journey in the use situation. The shape of the mesh can vary from square over diamond shape to a narrow slit, the length of the slit roughly corresponding to the so-called mesh width. The shape of the mesh is determined by the tensile forces acting on the mask during use and thus by the construction of the implement 15 and the conditions of use, and it is precisely in this relationship that one can find the explanation for the poor selection and high mortality in the by-catch.

Dødeligheden skyldes, at fiskene i trawlet bliver så udmat-20 tede og får så mange mekaniske skader, at de enten dør direkte af skaderne, eller senere får svært ved at skaffe sig føde på grund af disse skader. Udmattelsen stiger med tiden i trawlet, og skaderne forværres med besværet ved at komme igennem maskerne og ud af redskabet. Med den gængse 25 trawlkonstruktion har posen en maskeåbning, som er nede på ca. 10% af maskelængden, idet trækket i længderetningen får maskerne til at lukke sig. Der er således ingen mulighed for andet, end at meget små individer kan slippe ud.The mortality is due to the fish in the trawl being so exhausted and receiving so many mechanical injuries that they either die directly from the damage or later find it difficult to obtain food because of these injuries. Exhaustion increases with time in the trawl, and the damage is aggravated by the hassle of getting through the stitches and out of the implement. With the usual 25 trawl construction, the bag has a mesh opening which is down to approx. 10% of the mesh length, the longitudinal pull causes the meshes to close. Thus, there is no option but very small individuals to escape.

Der er ingen selektering, og hovedmængden af bifangsten 30 forbliver i nettet. Efterhånden som fangsten samles i posens bund vil denne blive pæreformet på grund af presset ' fra fangsten. Herved åbnes maskerne mere, og større individer kan presses ud, men disse er som regel døde eller har store klemskader eller skader fra kontakten med nettet.There is no selection and the bulk of by-catch 30 remains in the net. As the catch is gathered in the bottom of the bag, it will become pear shaped due to the pressure 'from the catch. This opens up the masks more and larger individuals can be squeezed out, but these are usually dead or have major pinching or damage from contact with the net.

Nærværende opfindelse har til formål at opnå en meget høj 35 DK 170355 B1 3 grad af selektering under fiskeri med f.eks. trawl og snurrevod. Et andet formål er at opnå, at den fraselekterede fisk behandles skånsomt ved dens passage ind og ud af redskabet, så den har mulighed for at overleve og danne basis 5 for fremtidig fangst. Et tredje formål er at frembringe fiskeredskaber, hvor det størrelsesselekterende element kan leveres som en enhed, der kan indbygges i redskaber fremstillet af den lokale vodbinder efter den enkelte brugers behov og ønsker, men hvor enheden er fremstillet således, 10 at såvel bruger som myndigheder og konkurrenter kan have sikkerhed for, at redskabet i brug har de foreskrevne egenskaber med hensyn til selekterende evne og evne til at tilbageholde lovlig fangst.The present invention aims to achieve a very high degree of selection during fishing with e.g. trawl and spinach. Another purpose is to achieve that the selected fish is treated gently by its passage in and out of the gear, allowing it to survive and form the basis for future catch. A third purpose is to provide fishing gear where the size-selectable element can be supplied as a unit which can be built into gear made by the local wodbinder according to the needs and wishes of the individual user, but where the unit is manufactured so that both users and authorities and competitors can be assured that the tool in use has the prescribed characteristics in terms of select ability and ability to withhold legal catch.

15 Der kendes en konstruktion, hvor man i fangstposen eller lige foran denne har indskudt en sorteringsplade af fast materiale, der er i stand til at optage trykspændinger, således at sorteringshullerne kan bevare deres størrelse, men det har vist sig, at denne stive konstruktion medfører pro-20 blemer i håndtering. Endvidere er sorteringsevnen begrænset, da sorteringspladen kun kan monteres på en kort del af fangstposen.15 A structure is known in which a sorting plate of solid material capable of absorbing compressive stresses has been inserted in the catch bag or just before it, so that the sorting holes can maintain their size, but it has been found that this rigid construction causes problems in handling. Furthermore, the sorting ability is limited as the sorting plate can only be mounted on a short part of the catch bag.

Der kendes også en konstruktion med sorteringsområder be-25 stående af net, som er drejet 45° i forhold til det normale, således at trækretningen ikke går diagonalt gennem nettes masker, men derimod langs med en af siderne i en maske. Dette er naturligvis noget, man har forsøgt for at holde maskerne maksimalt åbne med en veldefineret størrelse 30 til enhver tid. Imidlertid har det vist sig, at denne konstruktion medfører, at knuderne skrider på grund af den skæve belastning af en given snor. Ved de almindeligt anvendte konstruktioner har en given snor som bekendt et zigzag-forløb på tværs af trækretningen, altså i tværretningen 35 - eller rundt om fangstposen om man vil. Dette er ensbety dende med, at kraften fordeles jævnt over snoren gennem de DK 170355 B1 4 enkelte knuder i et givet tværsnit vinkelret på trækretningen. Dette er ikke tilfældet ved den nævnte kendte konstruktion, hvor den enkelte snor ikke forløber hverken i trækretningen eller i tværretningen, men derimod i diago-5 nalretningen, og dette medfører så, at knuderne kan skride enten under slæbet eller under ophalingen. Dette medfører så, at maskestørrelsen ikke holder, specielt under ophalingen, når fangsten hænger i posens nederste del, "ophalet", er belastningen stor, og man har derfor forsøgt at anvende 10 nettet på den angivne måde i posens forreste del og et normal tstillet net i ophalet. Derved begrænser man imidlertid den sorterende evne væsentligt, idet det har vist sig, at en stor del af sorteringen skal ske i posens nedre del.-Denne konstruktion er ikke af den heri angivne art, som har 15 trækkraften gående diagonalt gennem maskerne, således som de almindeligt brugte net har det.Also known is a construction with sorting areas consisting of nets which are rotated 45 ° relative to the normal, so that the pulling direction does not pass diagonally through the meshes of the mesh, but rather along one of the sides of a mesh. Of course, this is something that has been tried to keep the masks fully open with a well-defined size 30 at all times. However, it has been found that this construction causes the nodes to slip due to the skewed load of a given string. In the commonly used constructions, a given leash, as is well known, has a zigzag course across the pulling direction, ie in the transverse direction 35 - or around the catch bag if desired. This means that the force is evenly distributed over the string through the individual nodes in a given cross section perpendicular to the direction of the pull. This is not the case with the known construction in which the individual string does not extend neither in the pulling direction or in the transverse direction, but in the diagonal direction, and this means that the knots can slip either during the towing or during the lifting. This means that the mesh size does not hold, especially during the pick-up, when the catch hangs in the bottom part of the bag, "the pick-up", the load is high, and therefore the attempts were made to use the net in the specified manner in the front part of the bag and a normal set not i breathe. Thereby, however, the sorting ability is considerably limited, since it has been found that a large part of the sorting must take place in the lower part of the bag. - This construction is not of the kind specified herein, which has the traction passing diagonally through the masks, such as the commonly used nets have it.

Der kendes endvidere en konstruktion af fangstredskaber, hvor alle maskerne i fangstposen forsøges holdt udspilede 20 ved at montere et større antal trækliner, som skal optage de langsgående trækkræfter i fangstposen. Herved aflastes dele af selve nettet, hvor dets masker ikke er udsat for diagonale kræfter, der vil lukke dem. Redskabet lider af den mangel, at det er specielt at fremstille og anvende og 25 passer ikke til de udarbejdede standarder for montering til -redskabets Øvrige dele. Dette er et problem for den enkelte fisker, som ofte skal have flere redskaber afhængig af den type fisk, der ønskes fanget. Redskabets sorterende evne er endvidere begrænset, idet det viser sig, at aflastningen 30 varierer, og at det aflastede net bølger og blafrer, og denne bevægelse skræmmer en stor del af den uønskede fangst .Furthermore, a construction of fishing gear is known, in which all the masks in the fishing bag are attempted to be held out 20 by mounting a large number of draw lines which are to accommodate the longitudinal pulling forces in the fishing bag. This relieves parts of the net itself, where its meshes are not exposed to diagonal forces that will close them. The tool suffers from the lack of special manufacture and use and does not fit the standards for mounting to the other parts of the implement. This is a problem for the individual fisherman, who often has to have more gear depending on the type of fish that is wanted. Furthermore, the sorting ability of the implement is limited, as it turns out that the relief 30 varies and that the unloaded net waves and flutters, and this movement scares a large part of the unwanted catch.

fra at søge ud gennem maskerne.from searching out through the masks.

Formålet med nærværende opfindelse er altså at anvise en 35 løsning på det foreliggende sorteringsproblem for fiskeriredskaber. Det er også formålet at anvise, hvorledes en i DK 170355 B1 5 og for sig kendt fangstpose kan gøres selekterende i hele sin længde, at frembringe en sorteringsdel til indbygning i kendte net og et netmateriale til anvendelse i sorteringsdelen.The object of the present invention is thus to provide a solution to the present sorting problem for fishing gear. It is also intended to indicate how a catch bag known in DK 170355 B1 5 and known for its entire length can be made, to provide a sorting part for incorporation into known nets and a net material for use in the sorting part.

55

Det for fiskeposen ifølge opfindelsen ejendommelige består i, at sorteringsdelen udgøres af et eller flere net, der er indrettet til at fastholde maskernes form og størrelse, og som er monteret i fangstposen.The peculiarity of the fishing bag according to the invention consists in that the sorting part is made up of one or more nets arranged to hold the shape and size of the meshes and which is mounted in the catch bag.

1010

Det skal nu vises, hvorledes dette kan realiseres på forskellige måder.It must now be shown how this can be realized in various ways.

Opfindelsen vil blive illustreret med et trawl som eksem-15 pel, men det beskrevne kan anvendes med samme fordele på andre fangstredskaber, som omfatter en fangstpose. Fangstposen er den bagerste ende af trawlet og består af en langstrakt pose. Dens diameter, længde og maskestørrelse vil afhænge af ønsket fiskeart, bundforhold og bådstørrelse 20 etc. En pose kan f.eks. være 15 m lang, og f.eks. 10 m i omkreds målt som strakt maske ved den forreste ende.The invention will be illustrated by a trawl as an example, but the described can be used with the same advantages over other fishing gear which includes a fishing bag. The catch bag is the trailing end of the trawl and consists of an elongated bag. Its diameter, length and mesh size will depend on the desired fish species, bottom ratio and boat size 20, etc. A bag can e.g. be 15 m long, and e.g. 10 m in circumference measured as a stretched mask at the front end.

På grund af trækket gennem vandet vil maskerne i hovedparten af posen blive strakt ud, således at det meste af po-25 sens overflade består af tætlukkede netmasker, hvor afstand * fra knude til knude på tværs af trækretningen er 10 % eller derunder af maskevidden. Lukningen af maskerne holdes i balance af en kraft langs posens omkreds, og som hidrører fra den vandstrøm, der presses fra posens indre ud gennem net-30 tet.Because of the pull through the water, the masks in the majority of the bag will be stretched out, so that most of the surface of the bag consists of tightly closed mesh masks, the distance * from knot to knot across the draw direction being 10% or less of the mesh width. The closure of the masks is held in balance by a force along the circumference of the bag, which results from the flow of water being pushed from the interior of the bag through the net.

Det har nu efter talrige forsøg vist sig, at det er muligt i en sådan fangstpose at indsætte et sorteringsvindue bestående af net, som er monteret, så det i det væsentlige er 35 afslappet og ikke belastes af de langsgående trækkræfter.It has now been found, after numerous attempts, that it is possible in such a catch bag to insert a sorting window consisting of nets which are mounted so that it is substantially relaxed and not stressed by the longitudinal pulling forces.

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Det er i og for sig overraskende, at dette er muligt at opnå uden på nogen væsentlig måde at gribe ind i trawlets normale konstruktion eller dets brug og opførsel i vandet.It is surprising in itself that this can be achieved without interfering in any substantial way with the normal construction of the trawl or its use and behavior in the water.

5 En udførelsesform for fiskeredskabet er ejendommelig ved, at sorteringsnettets eller -nettenes udstrækning er væsentligt større i trækretningen end i tværretningen.An embodiment of the fishing gear is peculiar in that the extent of the sorting net or nets is substantially larger in the pulling direction than in the transverse direction.

Herved kan man opnå en større formstabilitet i den åbning 10 eller i det "vindue", hvor et sorteringsnet skal anbringes. Det har sin forklaring i den ulige kraftfordeling, der er i et net under slæb, hvor trækkræfterne er væsentligt større end tværkræfterne. Man er naturligvis interesseret i at få udformet en åbning, der udviser stor formstabilitet, og 15 hvis udstrækningen af åbningen er større i trækretningen, vil trækkræfterne ledes udenom åbningen, uden at man i tilgift får store deformationer andre steder i nettet.Hereby, greater shape stability can be achieved in the opening 10 or in the "window" where a sorting grid is to be placed. It has its explanation in the unequal distribution of forces in a net under tow, where the tensile forces are substantially greater than the transverse forces. Obviously, one is interested in forming an opening that exhibits great shape stability, and if the extent of the opening is greater in the pulling direction, the tensile forces will be directed around the opening without additionally causing large deformations elsewhere in the mesh.

En foretrukken udførelsesform er ejendommelig ved mindst et 20 sorteringsnet, der har form af et langstrakt rektangel, der i hovedsagen strækker sig i posens længderetning. Herved kan man eliminere trækkræfter i sorteringsdelen, idet alle trækkræfter forløber i den fuldt udstrakte pose, på helt normal vis. Det fra posens indre udstrømmende vand vil i 25 væsentlig grad passere gennem den eller de langsgående sor- ' teringsnet, og vandets tryk i posen vil give en tværkraft, som vil holde det langstrakte sorteringsnet let udspilet i tværretningen og derved bevare dets maskeåbningers størrelse og form under brug.A preferred embodiment is characterized by at least one sorting network having the form of an elongated rectangle extending substantially in the longitudinal direction of the bag. In this way, pulling forces can be eliminated in the sorting part, as all pulling forces extend in the fully extended pouch, in the normal way. The water flowing from the bag's interior will substantially pass through the longitudinal sorting network (s), and the water pressure in the bag will provide a transverse force which will keep the elongated sorting net easily spaced in the transverse direction, thus maintaining the size and shape of its mesh openings. during use.

30 I en foretrukken udførelse er sorteringsnettets bredde målt i antal masker langs omkredsen af fangstposen 5-35% af det totale maskeantal. Ved høje % tal som f.eks. over ca. 20% foretrækkes det, at sorteringsnettet opdeles på flere smal-35 le net for at forstyrre vandstrømmen mindst muligt. F.eks. kan man i en rejepose indsætte 6 smalle langsgående sorte- DK 170355 B1 7 ringsnet.In a preferred embodiment, the width of the sorting mesh measured in number of meshes along the circumference of the catch bag is 5-35% of the total mesh count. At high% numbers such as over approx. 20%, it is preferred that the sorting network be divided into several narrow networks to disturb the flow of water as little as possible. For example. For example, in a shrimp bag you can insert 6 narrow longitudinal black ring nets.

Særligt foretrukket er sorteringsnettet opdelt i to, som hver er 7-15% af det totale maskeantal, og som forløber i 5 det væsentligste i hele fangstposens længde. Gøres sorteringsnettets bredde væsentligt højere end de ovenfor angivne 35%, viser det sig, at trawlets facon bliver forstyrret.Particularly preferred is the sorting grid divided into two, each of which is 7-15% of the total mesh number, and which extends for 5 substantially the entire length of the catch bag. If the width of the sorting net is made significantly higher than the 35% stated above, the shape of the trawl appears to be disturbed.

En videreudvikling af denne udførelsesform er ejendommelig 10 ved, at hovednettet er forstærket i området foran sorteringsnettets forreste del for at lede trækkræfterne udenom sorteringsnettet. Herved opnår man at kunne styre kræfterne i den forreste del af sorteringsnettet på en sådan måde, at man også kan holde sorteringsnettet udspilet i den forreste 15 del. I modsat fald vil det få en tilbøjelighed til at folde sammen i den forreste del, indtil alle traskkræfterne fra området foran den forreste del er blevet fordelt ud i hovednettet .A further development of this embodiment is peculiar in that the main network is reinforced in the area in front of the front part of the sorting network to direct the pulling forces outside the sorting network. In this way, one is able to control the forces in the front part of the sorting network in such a way that one can also keep the sorting network played out in the front part. Otherwise, it will tend to collapse in the front until all the thrust forces from the area in front of the front have been distributed to the main grid.

20 Sorteringsnettets maskestørrelse og form kan sikres ved, at sortringsnettet langs sin periferi, i det mindste i den langsgående retning, er fastgjort til fangstposen på en sådan måde, at når fastposen er udstrakt som under brug, så er sorteringsnettet fastgjort til denne med en maskeafstand 25 svarende til, at maskerne i sorteringsnettet har den ønske- -de åbning. Ved masker med 95 mm strakt indvendig maskevidde kan man f.eks. opnå, at sorteringsnettet er fuldt åbent, hvis det ribbes på den strakte pose med en afstand på ca.The mesh size and shape of the sorting net can be ensured by the sorting net along its periphery, at least in the longitudinal direction, being attached to the catch bag in such a way that when the fixed bag is extended as in use, the sorting net is attached to it by a meshing distance. 25 corresponding to the fact that the masks in the sorting network have the desired opening. For stitches with 95 mm stretched inner mesh width, for example. achieve that the sorting net is fully open if it is ribbed on the stretched bag with a distance of approx.

70 mm.70 mm.

3030

En udførelsesform er således ejendommelig ved, at randen af et sorteringsnet er ribbet fast til hovednettet eller dele deraf på i og for sig kendt måde. Derved bliver det muligt at modernisere gamle trawl. Man kan ganske enkelt indbygge 35 den nye teknik i de gamle, velprøvede konstruktioner.An embodiment is thus characterized in that the edge of a sorting net is ribbed to the main net or parts thereof in a manner known per se. This makes it possible to modernize old trawls. You can simply incorporate 35 the new technique into the old, proven designs.

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En anden udførelses form er ejendommelig ved, at randen af sorteringsnettet er ribbet til en line, eller at linen på anden vis er gjort til en integral del af sorteringsnettet * f.eks. ved knytning eller imprægnering, og at dette sorte-5 ringsnet "med ramme" indføjes på kendt vis i en fangstpose.Another embodiment is characterized in that the edge of the sorting grid is ribbed into a line or that the line is otherwise made an integral part of the sorting network * e.g. by knotting or impregnation, and that this sorting grid "with frame" is inserted in a known manner in a catch bag.

I en anden udførelsesform er sorteringsnettet ribbet eller på anden vis fastgjort til en ramme af strakt net med en maskestørrelse, som bestemmer hvilken åbning, vinduets ma-10 sker vil have. Denne er igen bestemt af hvilken fisk, man vil fange og hvilke lovkrav, der gælder. F.eks. kan vinduet være 6 mm flettet polyestergarn med maskestørrelse 95 mm indvendig strakt maske. Vinduet er masket sammen med 2-4 mm flettet nylon maskevidde 74 mm 6 masker bred på de langsgå-15 ende sider. Ved at vinduets større masker således er masket sammen med rammens mindre masker, opnår man, at når rammen er strakt, så vil vinduets masker være åbne med en åbning på 70-71 mm, hvilket passer f.eks. til torskefiskeri efter gældende bestemmelser om mindstemål. Ved montering i 20 fangstposen sømmes rammens 6 masker over 3 masker i posen, og man får herved en ramme, som er stærkere end nettet i vinduet og nettet i trawlet, således at brud vil blive stoppet.In another embodiment, the sorting mesh is ribbed or otherwise attached to a stretched mesh frame having a mesh size which determines what aperture the window mesh will have. This is again determined by what fish you want to catch and what legal requirements apply. For example. the window can be 6 mm braided polyester yarn with mesh size 95 mm inner stretched mesh. The window is masked together with 2-4 mm braided nylon mesh width 74 mm 6 stitches wide on the longitudinal sides. Thus, because the larger masks of the window are masked together with the smaller masks of the frame, it is achieved that when the frame is stretched, the window masks will be open with an opening of 70-71 mm, which fits e.g. for cod fishing in accordance with applicable minimum standards. When mounted in the 20 catch bag, the 6 stitches of the frame are stitched over 3 stitches in the bag, thereby providing a frame which is stronger than the net in the window and the net in the trawl, so that breakage will be stopped.

25 Et ejendommeligt træk ved opfindelsen er, at den tillader, at sorteringsvinduer kan fremstilles og kontrolleres på fabrik i form af sorteringsnet forbundet integralt med en i det mindste langsgående "ramme", som sikrer, at sorteringsnettet kan indføjes i fangstposen, uden at sorteringsnet-30 tets masker ændrer form. Man har herved opnået en vigtig forudsætning for at kunne basere en fiskeriregulering på anvendelsen af sorterende redskaber. Det væsentlige heri vil være at sikre sig, at sorteringsnettet ikke kan monteres, så dets masker strækkes og dermed lukkes mere end sva-35 rende til godkendt mindstemål på den fangede fiskeart. Dette kan som ovenfor beskrevet ske, ved at sorteringsvinduet DK 170355 B1 9 er forsynet med en ramme af line eller net, som begrænser, hvor langt vinduet kan strækkes i længderetningen. I endnu en udførelsesform er strækningen begrænset af en rand af kortere halvmasker.A peculiar feature of the invention is that it allows sorting windows to be manufactured and checked in the factory in the form of sorting nets connected integrally with an at least longitudinal "frame" which ensures that the sorting net can be inserted into the catch bag without the sorting net. The 30 mesh masks change shape. In this way, an important prerequisite has been achieved in order to be able to base a fisheries regulation on the use of sorting gear. The essence of this will be to ensure that the sorting net cannot be mounted so that its meshes are stretched and thus closed more than equivalent to the approved minimum size of the caught fish species. This can be done as described above, in that the sorting window DK 170355 B1 9 is provided with a line or net frame which limits how far the window can be extended longitudinally. In yet another embodiment, the stretch is limited by an edge of shorter half-masks.

55

Endnu en udførelsesform er ejendommelig ved, at der i randen af et sorteringsnet er indbygget en plombering, f.eks. i form af en plomberingstråd, der forløber langs randen og gennem knuderne, og som derved kan sikre, at sorteringsnet-10 tet er originalt. På denne måde kan der anvises en hidtil ukendt form for fiskerikontrol, der efter det foreliggende vil kunne blive langt mere effektiv end den bestående.Yet another embodiment is peculiar in that a seal is built into the rim of a sorting mesh, e.g. in the form of a sealing thread extending along the rim and through the nodes, thereby ensuring that the sorting network is original. In this way, a new form of fishery control can be provided which, according to the present, could be far more effective than the existing one.

I særlige udførelsesformer kan man sikre, at sorteringsnet-15 tet overholder sine garanterede mål og eventuelle godkendte brugstid ved at anvende liner eller garn, som er farvet på en sådan måde, at man kan se, om den originale ribbeafstand er bevaret eller om nettets brugstid er udløbet. Dette kan f.eks. ske ved, at en flytning af en knude vil eksponere et 20 garnstykke af en anden - eventuelt ufarvet - farve, eller at et belægningslag slides af ved brugstidens udløb.In particular embodiments, the sorting grid can be ensured to meet its guaranteed targets and any approved service life by using ropes or yarns dyed in such a way as to see if the original rib spacing has been preserved or if the net working time has been maintained. has expired. This can be done, for example. For example, moving a knot will expose a 20 yarn piece of a different - possibly unstained - color, or a coating layer will wear off at the end of its useful life.

Det er en væsentlig fordel i nærværende opfindelse, at man kan tilpasse åbningen i sorteringsnettet til det, man vil 25 fiske. Dette kan ikke gøres, hvis man f.eks. forsøgte at anvende det såkaldte kvadratnet, men er umiddelbart muligt ved det foreliggende sorteringsnet, hvor posens længderetning går diagonalt gennem sorteringsnettets masker. Ved fangst af sild vil man montere sorteringsnettets masker på 30 rammen med lidt kortere afstand, så diagonalen i maskens tværretning er den største, svarende til sildens tværsnit, som har større højde end bredde. Ved fiskeri efter torsk gøres maskeåbningerne kvadratiske svarende til torskens mere runde form, og ved fladfisk vil man vælge at montere 35 sorteringsnettets masker med lidt større afstand på rammen, så åbningerne i brug bliver brede i horisontal retning sva- DK 170355 B1 10 rende til fiskens'flade tværsnit. Endeligt er det muligt i opfindelsen at anvende et sorteringsnet med asymmetriske masker, f.eks. ved at vinduet er udført af net knyttet med et kortere overgarn (fra skytten) og længere undergarn (fra 5 stellet). Masken bliver herved nærmest dråbeformet. Et så- « dant net monteres i fangstposen drejet 90° i forhold til posens længderetning, så dråbeformen i brug, når posen bevæges horisontalt gennem vandet, står vertikalt i sorteringsvinduet .It is a major advantage of the present invention that one can adjust the opening in the sorting net to what one wants to fish. This cannot be done if, e.g. tried to use the so-called square grid, but is immediately possible with the present sorting grid, where the longitudinal direction of the bag goes diagonally through the meshes of the sorting grid. When catching herring, the meshes of the sorting net will be mounted on the 30 frame at a slightly shorter distance, so that the diagonal in the crosswise direction of the mesh is the largest, corresponding to the cross-section of the herring, which has a greater height than width. When fishing for cod, the mesh openings are made square according to the more rounded shape of the cod, and for flatfish you will choose to install the 35 mesh nets with a slightly larger distance on the frame, so that the openings in use become wider in horizontal direction, so that the 170 1705 'flat cross section. Finally, it is possible in the invention to use a sorting network with asymmetric meshes, e.g. in that the window is made of nets attached with a shorter upper yarn (from the shooter) and longer sub-yarn (from the 5 frame). The mask is thus almost drop-shaped. Such a net is mounted in the catch bag rotated 90 ° relative to the longitudinal direction of the bag, so that the droplet shape in use, when the bag is moved horizontally through the water, stands vertically in the sorting window.

10 I en særlig fordelagtig udførelses form også for normale symmetriske masker er sorteringsnettes maske drejet 90° som beskrevet ovenfor, idet det har vist sig, at netraaskerne derved bedre kan holdes åbne i den ønskede form.In a particularly advantageous embodiment also for normal symmetrical masks, the mesh of the sorting net is rotated 90 ° as described above, as it has been found that the net meshes can thereby be better kept open in the desired shape.

1515

Det er en erfaring, at der i en fangstpose under brug er mere træk i den øverste del - det øverste panel - end i det nederste panel, og redskabets konstruktion er tilpasset efter dette forhold. Det er derfor vigtigt, at man ikke ved 20 at montere sorteringsvinduer forstyrrer denne balance. Her har det vist sig, at det er en stor fordel, at sorteringsvinduerne ifølge opfindelsen består af sorteringsnet, hvor posens længderetning går diagonalt gennem maskerne. Det betyder, at når sorteringsvinduer monteres mellem det øverste 25 og nederste panel i fangstposen kan det træk, der går fra posens øverste panel, forplante sig direkte gennem sorteringsvinduets skråt forløbende garn ned til det underste panel. Det, at en mindre del af bugsertrækket kan overføres til det nedre panel gennem snore, der forløber i kraftens 30 retning, bevirker dels at vinduet ikke forstyrrer posens facon, dels at der er en tværgående kraft, som hjælper til at holde såvel sorteringsvinduets ydre form som maskernes åbninger stabile. Dette er en fordel i forhold til en situation, hvor man har monteret et vindue med kvadratmasker, 35 hvor forbindelsen mellem øverste og nederste panel forløber i garn, som står i 90° i forhold til panelerne.It is an experience that in a trapping bag during use, there are more features in the upper part - the upper panel - than in the lower panel, and the construction of the implement is adapted to this condition. It is therefore important not to disturb this balance at 20 by installing sort windows. Here it has been found that it is a great advantage that the sorting windows according to the invention consist of sorting nets, where the longitudinal direction of the bag goes diagonally through the masks. This means that when sorting windows are mounted between the top 25 and bottom panel of the catch bag, the feature that extends from the top panel of the bag can propagate directly through the sloping yarn of the sorting window down to the bottom panel. The fact that a smaller part of the towing feature can be transferred to the lower panel through cords extending in the direction of the force 30 causes the window not to disturb the shape of the bag and partly that there is a transverse force which helps to keep the outer window of the sorting window as well. as the mesh openings are stable. This is an advantage over a situation where a window with square meshes has been fitted, where the connection between the upper and lower panels is made in yarns which are at 90 ° with respect to the panels.

DK 170355 B1 11DK 170355 B1 11

Ifølge en videreudvikling kan sorteringsnettet eller nettene - være stivere end hovednettet, f.eks. over for bøjning.According to a further development, the sorting network or networks - may be stiffer than the main network, e.g. to bending.

55

Ifølge en anden videreudvikling kan sorteringsnettet eller - nettene - være forspændt under slæb.According to another development, the sorting network (s) can be biased during towing.

Ifølge en tredje og foretrukken videreudvikling kan sor-10 teringsnettet eller nettene i hovedsagen være spændingsfri ved, at de er indsat på en sådan måde, at de i hovedsagen ikke overfører trækkræfter under slæb.According to a third and preferred further development, the sorting network (s) in the main case may be voltage-free in that they are inserted in such a way that they do not in general transmit traction forces during towing.

Der er her tale om tre forskellige videreudviklinger, der 15 hver især kan bidrage til, at et sorteringsnet beholder sin form.There are three different developments here, each of which can contribute to a sorting grid retaining its shape.

I første tilfælde gør man nettet stift ved forstærkning, enten af selve garnet eller ved at give det en stivere be-20 lægning.In the first case, the net is stiffened by reinforcement, either by the yarn itself or by giving it a stiffer coating.

I andet tilfælde giver man det en forspænding, f.eks. ved at vandstrømmen i fangstposen vil søge at udvide posen.In other cases, it gives a bias, e.g. in that the stream of water in the catch bag will seek to expand the bag.

25 I tredje tilfælde tilstræber man at gøre det spændingsfrit.25 In the third case, it is sought to make it voltage-free.

Alle tre foranstaltninger kan bidrage til, dels at sorteringsnettets form bibeholdes, og dels at forhindre at nettet blafrer i strømmen.All three measures can contribute, partly to maintaining the form of the sorting grid, and partly to preventing the grid from flickering in the flow.

30 I virkeligheden er der ikke noget i vejen for, at man ved et givet net kan anvende flere af de nævnte foranstaltninger.30 In fact, there is nothing in the way of applying a number of measures to a given network.

35 Endnu en udførelsesform er ejendommelig ved, at et kendt trawl med et tværsnit som en liggende ellipse er udstyret DK 170355 B1 12 med et langstrakt, rektangulært sorteringsnet ved siderne, dvs. der hvor ellipsens krumning er størst.Yet another embodiment is characterized in that a known trawl having a cross-section as a lying ellipse is equipped with an elongated, rectangular lateral sorting network, ie. where the curvature of the ellipse is greatest.

Det har vist sig, at man praktisk taget kan undgå bifang-5 ster med et sådant net. Dertil kommer, at denne udførelsesform er særligt velegnet til indbygning i bestående net, idet det har vist sig, at den ikke på nogen måde forstyrrer de strømningsmæssige forhold. Man behøver ikke at skulle foretage fornyede indstillinger af trawlet, efter at sorte-10 ringsnettene er monteret.It has been found that by-catches with such a net can be practically avoided. In addition, this embodiment is particularly suitable for incorporation into existing grids, as it has been found that it does not in any way interfere with the flow conditions. There is no need to re-adjust the trawl after the sorting nets are fitted.

Et sorteringsnet kan ifølge opfindelsen være særligt imprægneret, f.eks. med acryllatex eller gummilatex. Det har vist sig, at en sådan imprægnering er særdeles afgørende 15 for opnåelse af et godt resultat. For det første bidrager imprægneringen til at dæmpe bevægelsen af nettet i sig selv, men også at dæmpe bevægelsen af de enkelte masker, og dette har stor betydning, fordi fiskene ellers kan blive skræmt bort. For det andet bidrager imprægneringen til for-20 øget stivhed af netmaskerne, og på denne måde opnås der større formstabilitet - nettet husker bedre sin form. For det tredje glider fiskene lettere gennem nettet, og derved undgår man i højere grad beskadigelse af fiskene.According to the invention, a sorting network can be particularly impregnated, e.g. with acrylic latex or rubber latex. It has been found that such impregnation is extremely crucial for achieving a good result. Firstly, the impregnation helps to dampen the movement of the net itself, but also to dampen the movement of the individual meshes, and this is of great importance because the fish can otherwise be scared away. Secondly, the impregnation contributes to increased stiffness of the mesh masks, thus providing greater shape stability - the mesh better remembers its shape. Third, the fish slide more easily through the net, thus avoiding damage to the fish to a greater extent.

25 Den ovenfor omtalte evne til at huske sin facon er et væsentligt træk ved sorteringsnettet. Selv om kræfterne i posen i hovedsagen ledes uden om sorteringsdelen, vil sorteringsnettet være udsat for tilfældige kræfter hidrørende fra hvirvler, kontakt med bunden og lignende. Dette kan fø-30 re til, at sorteringsnettet i skiftende arealer foldes eller lukkes, men for at sikre en optimal funktion er det ønskeligt, at nettet hurtigt kan rette sig op igen, når de tilfældige kræfter ophører.25 The ability to remember its shape mentioned above is an essential feature of the sorting network. Although the forces in the bag are substantially directed around the sorting part, the sorting network will be exposed to random forces originating from vertebrae, bottom contact and the like. This may cause the sorting grid to be folded or closed in changing areas, but in order to ensure an optimal function, it is desirable that the grid can be quickly restored when the random forces cease.

* 35 For at sikre denne evne kan man f.eks. fremstille sorteringsnettet af normalt tvundet eller flettet garn af nylon DK 170355 B1 13 eller polyester, som efterfølgende imprægneres med et middel, der sikrer knudefasthed og øger nettets stivhed og elasticitet. Et foretrukket middel kan være en hærdbar latex f.eks. en acryllatex, som hærdes med en melaminformal-5 dehyd resin. Midlet kan også være en hærdbar vinylpyridin resin, som hærdes med en formaldehyd recorsinol resin. Midlet kan også være en to-komponent polyurethan gummi.* 35 To ensure this capability, for example, manufacture the sorting net of normally twisted or braided nylon yarn DK 170355 B1 13 or polyester, which is subsequently impregnated with a knot strengthening agent and increasing the stiffness and elasticity of the net. A preferred agent may be a curable latex e.g. an acrylic latex which is cured with a melamine formaldehyde resin. The agent may also be a curable vinyl pyridine resin which is cured with a formaldehyde recorsinol resin. The agent may also be a two-component polyurethane rubber.

Særligt foretrukne midler er vejrbestandige gummier såsom 10 nitrilgummi, der bindes til netmaterialet ved hjælp af en vinylpyridinlatex.Particularly preferred agents are weather-resistant rubbers such as 10 nitrile rubbers, which are bonded to the mesh material by a vinyl pyridine latex.

Ved imprægneringen er det væsentligt, at der ikke opstår en hængselseffekt ved knuderne, fordi disse er utilstrækkeligt 15 imprægneret i det indre. I en særligt foretrukken udførelsesform sikres dette ved, at imprægneringsmidlet drives ind i knuderne ved anvendelse af vacuum. I en særlig udførelsesform, hvor det anvendte net er af nylon, har det overraskende vist sig, at en tilsvarende god imprægnering af knu-20 derne kan opnås ved, at nylonnettet tørres skarpt inden imprægneringen.In the impregnation, it is essential that no hinge effect be produced at the nodes because these are insufficiently impregnated in the interior. In a particularly preferred embodiment, this is ensured by impregnating the impregnating agent into the nodes using vacuum. In a particular embodiment, where the mesh used is of nylon, it has surprisingly been found that a correspondingly good impregnation of the nodes can be achieved by drying the nylon net sharply before impregnation.

Imprægnering kan ske i flere omgange ved, at der påføres flere lag.Waterproofing can be done several times by applying multiple layers.

25 I en foretrukken udførelsesform udføres hærdningen ved opvarmning over 100°C i h-5 timer, mens nettet er opspændt i den maskeform, der ønskes i sorteringsdelen.In a preferred embodiment, the curing is carried out by heating above 100 ° C for h-5 hours, while the mesh is clamped in the mesh shape desired in the sorting part.

30 I en særligt foretrukken udførelsesform af ovenstående er nettet opspændt i en maskeform, som er strakt til et større tværmål end det, der ønskes i brugssituationen.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the above, the net is clamped in a mesh form which is stretched to a larger cross-section than that desired in the use situation.

I en anden version er den større stivhed og elasticitet op-35 nået ved, at sorteringsnettet er fremstillet af et materiale, der i sig selv har disse egenskaber. Nettet kan f.eks.In another version, the greater stiffness and elasticity is achieved by the sorting mesh being made of a material which inherently has these properties. The network can e.g.

DK 170355 Bl 14 være fremstillet af monofilamenter eller af garn ved en kærne (/'sjæl", "hjerte") af et stift materiale. Ved disse udførelsesformer er det vigtigt, at stivheden af fangstposen vælges således, at fangstposen som helhed bevarer til-5 strækkelig bøjelighed til, at den kan håndteres på sædvanlig vis under håndteringen på båden.DK 170355 B1 14 may be made of monofilaments or of yarn by a core (/ 'soul', 'heart') of a rigid material. In these embodiments, it is important that the rigidity of the catch bag is selected so that the catch bag as a whole retains the 5 is sufficiently flexible to be handled in the usual manner during handling on the boat.

Opfindelsen angår også en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af et redskab ifølge opfindelsen, og denne fremgangsmåde er 10 ejendommelig ved: 1) at man ved beregning eller forsøg finder ud af, hvorledes den åbning, hvori sorteringsvinduet skal monteres, ser ud eller er deformeret under den belastning, som et 15 slæb medfører, 2) at man tilsvarende finder ud af, hvorledes sorteringsvinduets maskeåbning skal se ud under brug afhængig af, hvad man vil fiske, og hvilke regler der skal opfyldes, 20 3) at man fremstiller et sorteringsnet, der har en kontur og en maskeåbning svarende til det under 1) og 2) fundne, 4) at man udspænder fangstposens paneler som under slæb 25 og fastgør sorteringsvinduet i åbningen, således at det kommer til at stå som bestemt under 1) og 2), når det tages i brug.The invention also relates to a method for making a tool according to the invention, and this method is characterized by: 1) figuring out, by calculation or experiment, how the opening in which the sorting window is to be mounted, looks or is deformed under that load , which results in a trailing 15, 2) similarly finding out what the mesh opening of the sorting window should look like during use, depending on what you want to fish and what rules to fulfill, 20 3) producing a sorting net that has a contour and a mesh opening similar to that found in 1) and 2); 4) tensioning the catch bag panels as under tow 25 and fixing the sorting window in the opening so that it will stand as determined under 1) and 2) when it is put into service.

Populært sagt gælder det om at få udskåret et "vindue" et 30 eller andet sted i fangstposen og at få dette vindue til at virke, således at det dels frasorterer ikke alene fisk af en bestemt størrelse, men også alle fiskene af denne bestemte størrelse. Desuden skal det virke igen og igen, alt- .It is popular to say that a "window" is cut somewhere in the catch bag and to make this window work so that it not only removes not only fish of a certain size, but also all the fish of that particular size. In addition, it must work again and again, everything.

så løsningen skal være holdbar. I første omgang gælder det 35 altså om at få udformet en åbning, der ikke har indflydelse på spændingerne i den øvrige del af nettet. Man indser ud DK 170355 B1 15 fra en analyse af spændingsforholdene, dvs. fordelingen af trækkræfter og tværkræfter (det skal bemærkes, at ved trækkræfter skal der her forstås slæbekræfterne fra fiskefartøjet), at man vil gøre mindst skade på kraftfordelingen ved 5 at udforme en langstrakt åbning i traskretningen. Man indser videre, at en sådan åbning kan gøres i hovedsagen spændingsfri, hvilket igen giver frit spil for indbygning af et sorteringsnet med ønsket udspiling.so the solution must be durable. In the first instance, 35 is about designing an opening that does not affect the tensions in the rest of the network. DK 170355 B1 15 is realized from an analysis of the voltage conditions, ie. the distribution of tractive forces and transverse forces (it should be noted that traction forces here mean the towing forces of the fishing vessel) that one will do the least damage to the force distribution by forming an elongated opening in the thrust direction. It is further realized that such an opening can be made essentially stress free, which in turn gives free play for incorporation of a sorting grid with the desired clearance.

10 Det interessante er så, at et eller flere sorteringsnet, der strækker sig i længderetningen, netop er det, man har brug for. Det har nemlig vist sig, at det under gunstige omstændigheder kan reducere bifangsten helt ned til 1%, hvor man under de samme betingelser med gængse net var helt 15 oppe på 70%. Forklaringen menes at ligge i, at fiskene svømmer fremad i bevægelsesretningen inde i fangstposen, inden de eventuelt bliver indhentet af bunden i posen. Under denne svømning fremad har de med den foreliggende konstruktion mulighed for til enhver tid at vige ud til siden 20 og komme igennem et sorteringsnet, der jo netop strækker sig på langs i fangstposen.10 What is interesting is that one or more longitudinal sorting nets are exactly what you need. Indeed, it has been found that, under favorable circumstances, the by-catch can be reduced to as low as 1%, where under the same conditions with normal nets it was up to 70%. The explanation is believed to lie in the fact that the fish swim forward in the direction of movement inside the catch bag before they are eventually caught by the bottom of the bag. During this swim forward, with the present construction, they have the opportunity at any time to turn out to side 20 and get through a sorting network which extends precisely along the catch bag.

Opfindelsen forklares nærmere under henvisning til tegningerne et eksempel på en foretrukken udførelsesform med be-25 skrivelse af opnåede forsøgsresultater, idet fig. 1 viser et trawl rigget som under slæb, fig. 2 viser en kendt konstruktion af fangstpose under 30 slæb, fig. 3 viser en pose med sorteringsvindue ifølge opfindelsen, 35 fig. 4 viser forskellige maskeformer i sorteringsnet, DK 170355 B1 16 fig. 5 viser et sorteringsvindue med en ramme af masker.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings, an example of a preferred embodiment describing obtained test results, with fig. 1 shows a trawl rigged as in tow; FIG. Figure 2 shows a known construction of trapping bag under 30 tugs; 3 shows a bag with sorting window according to the invention; FIG. 4 shows different mesh shapes in sorting networks, DK 170355 B1 16 fig. 5 shows a sort window with a frame of masks.

I fig. 1 består trawlet 1 af tre hoveddele, armene 2, kroppen 3 og fangstposen 4. Armene er ofte udført af net med 5 stor maskevidde og tjener primært til at føre og skræmme i fiskene ind mod redskabets midte. Her ledes fiskene gennem trawlets krop bagud mod fangstposen 4, som er den del, der opsamler fangsten og i hovedsagen også bestemmer, hvad der bliver tilbageholdt, og hvad der får mulighed for at slippe 10 ud.In FIG. 1, the trawl 1 consists of three main parts, the arms 2, the body 3 and the catch bag 4. The arms are often made of nets with 5 large mesh width and serve primarily to guide and scare the fish towards the center of the gear. Here, the fish are led through the trawl's body backwards towards the catch bag 4, which is the part that collects the catch and in the main also determines what is retained and what is allowed to escape 10.

I fig. 2 ser man situationen, hvor en fangstpose af kendt konstruktion slæbes over bunden, og fangsten er blandet.In FIG. Figure 2 shows the situation where a catch bag of known construction is dragged across the bottom and the catch is mixed.

Her er 11 posens øverste panel, 12 er dens nederste panel 15 og 13 er overgangen, hvor fangstposen er fastgjort til trawlets krop 14. Selvom der anvendes forholdsvis stor maskevidde i posen, vil maskerne på grund af det langsgående træk være mere eller mindre lukkede, specielt i fangstposens midterdel. I den nederste del, ophalet, er posen mere 20 udspilet af fangsten, og maskeåbningen er her større, så mindre fisk presses ud, men er døde eller døende på grund af mekaniske skader eller udmattelse.Here, 11 is the upper panel of the bag, 12 is its lower panel 15 and 13 is the transition where the catch bag is attached to the trawl's body 14. Although relatively large mesh width is used in the bag, the meshes will be more or less closed due to the longitudinal pull. especially in the middle of the catch bag. In the lower part, upholstered, the bag is more played out by the catch, and the mesh opening here is larger so smaller fish are squeezed out, but are dead or dying due to mechanical damage or fatigue.

Længere fremme i fangstposen sker der en lille sortering, 25 således at f.eks. sild søger opad og torsk mod bunden, men de allerfleste individer, der slipper ud, er beskadigede -eller stærkt udmattede.Further ahead in the catch bag, a small sort occurs, so that e.g. herring seeks upward and cod towards the bottom, but the vast majority of escaping individuals are damaged or severely fatigued.

Fig. 3 viser den nedre eller bageste ende af et trawl med 30 en fangstpose ifølge en udførelsesform for opfindelsen, posen 31 er forbundet til trawlets foranliggende hoveddel 32, hvoraf kun en lille del er vist, men denne del er af konventionel konstruktion. Bagtil ender posen 31 i det såkald- ^ te løft 33, som udgør de bageste to meter af posen 31. Om-35 kring posens 31 bageste ende er der anbragt en begrænsningsstrop 34 i en afstand af 47 cm fra posens bund. Et DK 170355 B1 17 sorteringsnet 35 er anbragt i hver side af posen 31. Længden af dette sorteringsnet 35 er 5,2 m og det har sin bageste begrænsning 47 cm fra bundstroppen 36. Omkring løftet 33 er der anbragt et slidovertræk 37, der er vist ske-5 matisk, og som strækker sig 2 m fremad fra bunden, men lader sorteringsarealerne frie. Posen 31 består af flettet polyester 4-6 mm maske 105 med 95 mm indvendigt strækmål. Posens 31 åbning er 100 masker og ved løftet 33 er det ligeledes 100 masker. Sorteringsnettet 35 er 77 cm bredt ved 10 100 % åben maske, som er ribbet på en 12 mm Danline med ribbeafstand 70 mm svarende til 100 % åben maske. Sorteringsnettet 35 er fletnylon, som er imprægneret fire gange med en hærdelig akryllatex, som er fikseret på mål og form ved varmebehandling ved 125 grader C. Løftestroppen ligger 15 i plastringe 2,33 m fra bunden. Slidovertrækket er maske 210 mm indvendig, og det er dobbelt-4-flettet polyester. Begrænsningsstroppen ligger 77 cm fra enden af posen.FIG. 3 shows the lower or trailing end of a trawl with a catch bag according to an embodiment of the invention, the bag 31 being connected to the trawl's forward head portion 32, only a small portion of which is shown, but this portion is of conventional construction. At the rear ends of the bag 31 in the so-called lift 33, which constitutes the rear two meters of the bag 31. Around the rear end of the bag 31, a restriction strap 34 is placed at a distance of 47 cm from the bottom of the bag. A DK 170355 B1 17 sorting net 35 is arranged on each side of bag 31. The length of this sorting net 35 is 5.2 m and it has its rear limitation 47 cm from the bottom strap 36. Around the lift 33 is a wear cover 37 which is shown schematically, and extending 2 m forward from the bottom, but leaving the sorting areas free. The bag 31 consists of braided polyester 4-6 mm mesh 105 with 95 mm internal stretch dimensions. The opening of the bag 31 is 100 stitches and at the lift 33 it is also 100 stitches. The sorting net 35 is 77 cm wide by 10 100% open mesh, which is ribbed on a 12 mm Danline with rib spacing 70 mm corresponding to 100% open mesh. The sorting net 35 is braided nylon, which is impregnated four times with a hardenable acrylic latex, which is fixed in size and shape by heat treatment at 125 degrees C. The lifting strap is 15 in plastic rings 2.33 m from the bottom. The wear coating is mesh 210 mm inside and it is double-4 braided polyester. The restraint strap is located 77 cm from the end of the bag.

Fig. 4 viser forskellige maskef ormer i sorteringsnet. De er 20 alle vist med lodret orientering, som de vil stå i sorteringsvinduet under brug, og trækretningen er vist med pile. Her er 41 en maske, som er monteret således, at de to diagonaler 42 og 43 er lige store. Dette giver en kvadratisk åbning svarende til det, der er egnet til sortering 25 af f.eks. torsk.FIG. 4 shows different mesh shapes in the sorting grid. They are all shown in vertical orientation as they will be in the sorting window during use, and the drag direction is shown by arrows. Here, 41 is a mask which is mounted such that the two diagonals 42 and 43 are equal. This provides a square aperture similar to that suitable for sorting 25 e.g. cod.

44 er et net, hvor man ved monteringen i ramme eller evt. direkte i trawlet, har gjort den lodrette diagonal 43 længere end den vandrette 42 svarende til et sorteringsnet for 30 f.eks. sild.44 is a grid where, when mounting in frame or any. directly in the trawl, has made the vertical diagonal 43 longer than the horizontal 42 corresponding to a sorting grid for 30 e.g. herring.

Endelig viser 45 et udsnit af et sorteringsvindue, som er fremstillet af et net, hvor hveranden tråd er kortet ned, så maskeåbningen er usymmetrisk. Dette net er iøvrigt dre-35 jet 90° i forhold til det almindelige, således at nettets dybde ligger på tværs af posens længderetning.Finally, 45 shows a section of a sorting window made of a mesh where each other wire is shortened so that the mesh opening is asymmetrical. This mesh is, moreover, rotated 90 ° relative to the ordinary, so that the depth of the mesh is transverse to the longitudinal direction of the bag.

5 18 DK 170355 Bl I fig. 5 er vist et sorteringsvindue 50 med en ramme 51 af net med mindre maskestørrelse masket på det strakte sorteringsnet 52.5 18 DK 170355 Bl In fig. 5, a sorting window 50 is shown with a smaller mesh size frame 51 masked on the stretched sorting mesh 52.

EKSEMPELEXAMPLE

Det i fig. 3 beskrevne trawl er blevet sammenlignet med to andre trawl af nogenlunde samme størrelse, men uden sorte-10 ringsnet ifølge opfindelsen. Det ene af disse trawl havde en pose af godkendt 105 mm indvendig strakt maske, medens det andet var en 36 mm sildepose. Ved torskefiskeri under kontrollerede omstændigheder i Østersøen gav begge redskaber en fangst på ca. 3000 individer i 15 slæb å 2 timer. I 15 begge tilfælde var der omkring 70 % bifangst, og resten var torsk af den tilladte størrelse over 34 can.The FIG. 3 trawls described have been compared with two other trawls of approximately the same size, but without the sorting net according to the invention. One of these trawls had a bag of approved 105 mm inner stretched mesh, while the other was a 36 mm herring bag. In cod fishing under controlled conditions in the Baltic, both gears gave a catch of approx. 3000 individuals in 15 tows of 2 hours. In both cases, there was about 70% by-catch and the rest were cod of the permitted size above 34 cans.

Ved tilsvarende fiskeri med et trawl ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse og med et sorteringsnet med en 95 mm maske 20 blev der fanget ca. 800 individer, som var af godkendt størrelse, medens bifangsten kun androg 1 %.In similar fishing with a trawl according to the present invention and with a sorting net with a 95 mm mesh 20, approx. 800 individuals of approved size, while by-catch was only 1%.

Det ses heraf, at de kendte fangstposer ikke har nogen sorterende egenskaber, og at det ikke er muligt at påvirke 25 mængden af bifangst ved regulering af maskestørrelsen.It can be seen from this that the known trapping bags have no sorting properties and that it is not possible to affect the amount of by-catch when adjusting the mesh size.

Anvender man derimod en fangstpose med sorteringsnet ifølge opfindelsen, opnår man samme nyttefangst, men kun 1 % bifangst.On the other hand, if you use a catch bag with the sorting net according to the invention, the same catch is obtained, but only 1% by-catch.

Claims

1. Fishing gear, preferably the fishing bag in a fishing trawl of the type in which the pulling direction passes diagonally through the net masks and in which a special sorting part is provided which is arranged to maintain the shape of the openings to a greater extent than the other part. which the fish intended for sorting must pass, characterized in that the sorting part consists of one or more nets arranged to maintain the shape and size of the meshes.

Fishing gear according to claim 1, characterized in that the extent of the sorting net or nets is substantially larger in the pulling direction than in the transverse direction. 15

Fishing gear according to claim 2, characterized by at least one sorting net having the form of an elongated rectangle extending substantially longitudinally.

Fishing gear according to claim 3, characterized in that the ho net is reinforced in the area in front of the front part of the sorting net to guide the pulling forces outside the sorting net.

Fishing gear according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the main net is reinforced in the area next to the sorting net, for example in that it is located immediately up to a longitudinal reinforcement, e.g. a longitudinal network collection. 30

Fishing gear according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the sorting net (s) is particularly impregnated, e.g. with acrylic latex or rubber-tex. 35

Fishing gear according to one or more of claims 1-6, DK 170355 B1, characterized in that the edge of a sorting net is ribbed to the main net or parts thereof in a manner known per se.

Fishing gear according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a seal is built into the rim of a sorting net, e.g. in the form of a sealing thread extending along the rim and through the nodes, thereby ensuring that the sorting grid is original. 10

Fishing gear according to claim 3 and optionally one or more of claims 4-8, characterized in that a known trawl with a cross-section as a lying ellipse is equipped with a sorting net at the sides, ie. where the curvature of the ellipse is 15 greatest.

Fishing gear according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sorting net or nets have greater strength than the main net, e.g. flexural strength 20 and / or tensile strength.

Fishing gear according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sorting net or nets have greater elasticity than the main net and are biased under tow.

Fishing gear according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sorting net or nets are substantially stress-free in that they are inserted in such a way that they do not in general transmit traction forces during towing.

. Fishing gear according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the meshes of the sorting net or nets 35 have a shape similar to the fish to be sorted, ie. for example. flat rhombic shape if it is flatfish to be sorted DK 170355 B1 and a more square shape if it is roundfish to be sorted.

Fishing gear according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cross-section of the cords in the sorting net is not circular.

Method for producing a tool according to one or more of claims 1-14 from a conventional trawl 10 with a fishing bag, characterized in that: 1. the fishing bag is stretched in the pulling direction so that it has the same shape as under a tow, ie. . so that all masks are in the form of an almost or completely flattened rhombus, 15 seen in the pulling direction, 2. that the area of the trapping bag where a sorting net is to be placed is removed, so that an opening corresponding to the shape of the sorting net is obtained in the stretched out 20 condition, 4. then attaching the sorting net in a stretched form to the opening, and 5) possibly sealing this attachment.

Process according to claim 15, characterized in that it is used for the production of a tool with several sorting nets.

Use of a fishing gear according to claims 1-14 with one or more sealing nets sealed as a basis for fishing control.