DK173790B1

DK173790B1 - Harvester

Info

Publication number: DK173790B1
Application number: DK198803390A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Franz Wieneke
Original assignee: Bermatigen Gmbh & Co Maschf
Priority date: 1986-10-22
Filing date: 1988-06-21
Publication date: 2001-10-29
Also published as: DK339088A; DK339088D0

Description

Den foreliggende opfindelse angår et høstapparat med en mejesnegl, der rote rer med høj periferihastighed og afskærer materialet, som skal skæres af, i frit snit.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a harvester with a high-speed rotary cutting auger and free cutting of the material to be cut.

DK 173790 B1 5 Høstapparater med snegleskær, der udgør roterende mejeværker med høj periferihastighed, kan afskære materialet i frit snit. Endvidere kan sådanne apparater også lede det høstede materiale bort til siden eller ud for oven.GB 173790 B1 5 Harvesters with auger cutters, which form high-speed rotating cutters, can cut the material freely. Furthermore, such apparatus can also direct the harvested material to the side or above.

Der må skelnes mellem snegleskær og spindelskær, hvis skærelister forløber 1 o langs periferien eller med lille stigning og samvirker med et modskær anbragt ved jorden. Sådanne apparater, der anvendes til høst af kortstråede græsflader, kendes f.eks. fra GB-A-1 403 194.A distinction must be made between auger cutters and spindle cutters whose cutting strips extend 1 o along the periphery or with a slight incline and cooperate with a counter cutter placed on the ground. Such apparatus used for harvesting short-pitched lawns are known, e.g. from GB-A-1 403 194.

Høstapparater med snegleskær egner sig ikke specielt til mejning, fordi sneg-15 len før snittet bøjer halmen eller stråene kraftigt til siden. Afskæringen vanskeliggøres, og samtidig bliver stubbene længere.Harvester with snail cutting is not particularly suitable for mowing because the snail before the cut bends the straw or straws sharply to the side. Cutting becomes more difficult and at the same time the stumps become longer.

Endvidere fører afskæringen med en snegl i modsætning til et akseparallelt skær til en mindre effektiv snithastighed Ui (fig. 1 og 2), som er reduceret sva-20 rende til sneglens hældning. Omdrejningstallet må øges tilsvarende for at opnå den snithastighed, som er nødvendig for at afskære halmstrå H. Derved øges omkostningerne til opbygning af et apparat med den nødvendige stabilitet.Furthermore, as opposed to an axis parallel cutting, the cutting with a auger leads to a less efficient cutting speed U1 (Figs. 1 and 2), which is reduced correspondingly to the inclination of the auger. The rpm must be increased correspondingly to obtain the cutting speed necessary to cut straw straw H. This increases the cost of building an apparatus of the necessary stability.

Den tangentiale glidehastighed U2 kan dog i praksis ikke føre til et trækkende 25 snit, da sneglens vindelflade står vinkelret på akslen som ved konstruktionen ifølge GB-A-1 403 194.In practice, however, the tangential sliding speed U2 cannot lead to a pulling 25, since the winding surface of the auger is perpendicular to the shaft as in the construction according to GB-A-1 403 194.

For en række høsteprocesser ønskes endvidere en aflægning af det høstede materiale i skår, hvilket tidligere har krævet en stor konstruktionsindsats, som 30 ved løsningen ifølge DE-A-35 00 096.In addition, for a number of harvesting processes, deposition of the harvested material is required, which has previously required a large construction effort, such as in the solution according to DE-A-35 00 096.

Opfindelsen har til formål at tilvejebringe et høstapparat med snegleskær, der gør det muligt at høste i frit snit med den lavest mulige periferihastighed for DK 173790 B1 2 sneglen, og der yderligere gør det muligt at aflægge det høstede materiale i en bane ved hjælp af den aksiale transportvirkning af den samme snegl i samvirke med en hjelm.The invention has for its object to provide a harvester with snail cutting which enables free cutting of the lowest possible peripheral speed of the DK 173790 B1 2 snail, and further enables the harvested material to be deposited in a web by means of the axial transport action of the same auger in cooperation with a helmet.

5 Mejesneglen ifølge opfindelsen har på sin periferi en gennemgående eller aftrappet skæreflade, der med en vinkel γ er skrå i forhold til sneglens akse, således at tværsnittet af skærefladen indeholdende sneglens akse forløber med en vinkel γ skråt i forhold til sneglens akse.The dummy screw according to the invention has at its periphery a continuous or stepped cutting surface which is inclined at an angle γ with respect to the axis of the auger, so that the cross-section of the cutting surface containing the auger axis extends at an angle γ to the axis of the auger.

10 For at transportere høstmaterialet aksralt ud i et høstskår eller til en hakkelsesmaskine, eller ganske enkelt til udkastning på siden kan mejesneglen over bredden ved sin periferi være omgivet sektorielt af en kappe, der samtidig tjener til beskyttelse. I den forbindelse er stigningsvinkelen α mindre end materialets friktionsvinkel.10 In order to transport the harvesting material axially into a crop swath or to a chopping machine, or simply to throw on the side, the maize auger across its width at its periphery may be surrounded sectorally by a sheath which also serves as protection. In this regard, the angle of elevation α is less than the friction angle of the material.

1515

Som det er bekendt, er det specielt vanskeligt at afskære næsten dødt, fint strå- og halmmateriale i frit snit. Dertil kræves høje snithastigheder, således at der til skæresneglen skal anvendes et skær, der er parallelt aftrappet i akseretningen, for at holde sneglens omdrejningstal relativt lavt. På et sådant af-20 trappet skær kan løse, visne græsstrå og fine halmstrå imidlertid blive hængende. Trinnene danner derfor en afglidningsvinkel β med aksen.As is well known, it is especially difficult to cut almost dead, fine straw and straw material freely. In addition, high cutting speeds are required, so that the cutting screw must be used in parallel with the shaft in the axial direction, in order to keep the screw speed relatively low. However, on such a stepped insert loose, withered grass straw and fine straw straw may be left hanging. The steps therefore form a slip angle β with the axis.

I det efterfølgende beskrives udførelseseksempler for opfindelsen nærmere under henvisning til tegningen. Her viser 25 fig. 1 og 2 en klarlægning af funktionsmåden af et høstapparat, som arbejder i frit snit, fig. 3 og 4 grundprincippet i et høstapparat ifølge opfindelsen, 30 fig. 5 en fordelagtig udformning af høstapparatet, fig. 6-13 varianter af et første udførelseseksempel ifølge opfindelsen, DK 173790 B1 3 fig. 14 og 15 et andet udførelseseksempel, navnlig egnet til aftopning af roe-rækker, fig. 16-18 et tredie udførelseseksempel af opfindelsen, hvor mejesneglen er 5 kombineret med en hakkelsesmaskine, fig. 19-21 et Ijerde udførelseseksempel af opfindelsen, fig. 22-27 forskellige varianter af et femte udførelseseksempel, navnlig 10 egnet til aftopning af roer, og fig. 28-31 et sjette udførelseseksempel af opfindelsen, hvor høstapparatet ifølge opfindelsen anvendes som høste- og bjergningsmaskine.Embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, FIG. 1 and 2 illustrate the operation of a free-cutting harvesting apparatus; 3 and 4 show the basic principle of a harvester according to the invention; 5 shows an advantageous design of the harvesting apparatus; FIG. 6-13 variants of a first embodiment of the invention, FIG. 14 and 15 are another exemplary embodiment, particularly suitable for dropping row rows; 16-18 illustrate a third embodiment of the invention in which the dairy auger is combined with a chopping machine; 19-21 are a fourth embodiment of the invention; 22-27 various variants of a fifth embodiment, in particular 10 suitable for bottling beets; and FIGS. 28-31 is a sixth embodiment of the invention in which the harvester of the invention is used as a harvester and salvage machine.

15 For at opnå en god skærevirkning af mejemaskinen uden at skulle forhøje mejesneglens omdrejningstal forløber sneglens skæreflade ved periferien skråt akseparallelt (fig. 3) eller aftrappet på den skrå flade (fig. 5). Dermed opnås en trækkende og i det sidste tilfælde et slående snit ved relativt lav periferihastighed. Desuden er det også muligt, at skærefladen har en bølgeformet slibning.15 In order to obtain a good cutting action of the mower without having to increase the speed of the cutting auger, the cutting surface of the auger runs at the periphery obliquely parallel (Fig. 3) or stepped on the inclined surface (Fig. 5). Thus, a pulling and in the latter case a striking cut is obtained at relatively low peripheral speed. In addition, it is also possible that the cutting surface has a corrugated grinding.

2020

Sneglefladens hældningsvinkel α er vist i fig. 5. Denne hældningsvinkel er mindre end materialets friktionsvinkel mod sneglen og resulterer således i, at materialet ruteher til siden (glider) på sneglefladen. For eksempel sker denne glidning for frisk halmmateriale mod en stålflade i et område, hvor α = 30°-35°.The inclination angle α of the auger surface is shown in FIG. 5. This angle of inclination is less than the friction angle of the material against the auger and thus results in the material rotating sideways (sliding) on the auger surface. For example, this sliding of fresh straw material occurs against a steel surface in an area where α = 30 ° -35 °.

25 Materialet finder modhold ved friktion mod hjelmen, som sektorielt omgiver hjelmen.25 The material resists friction against the helmet, which sectorally surrounds the helmet.

Således er en aksial transport af materialet mulig. Denne relativt lille hældningsvinkel bevirker imidlertid i, at den effektive snithastighed Uy formindskes 30 stærkt i forhold til periferihastigheden u.Thus, axial transport of the material is possible. However, this relatively small inclination angle causes the effective cutting speed Uy to be greatly reduced 30 relative to the peripheral speed u.

Fig. 6-13 viser sidebilleder af forskellige modifikationer af et første udførelseseksempel ifølge opfindelsen.FIG. 6-13 show side views of various modifications of a first embodiment of the invention.

DK 173790 B1 4 I disse varianter er mejesneglen (1) sektorielt omgivet afen kappe (2). Kappen (2) er trukket op foran i køreretningen, således at det materiale, der skal høstes, lettere kan flyde ind i spalterummet mellem snegl og kappe. I det øverste og bagerste område hindrer kappen, at der slynges sten op, og leder materialet 5 ud på jorden (fig. 6-9) eller hen i en opsamlingskurv 3 (fig. 10), som det anvendes ved plæneklippere.DK 173790 B1 4 In these variants, the cutting screw (1) is sectorally surrounded by a sheath (2). The sheath (2) is pulled up in the front in the direction of travel so that the material to be harvested can more easily flow into the gap between the auger and the sheath. In the upper and rear area, the casing prevents stones from being thrown up and leads the material 5 out onto the ground (Figs. 6-9) or into a collecting basket 3 (Fig. 10), as used by mowers.

Fig. 6 viser et høstapparat, der mejer græs og leder det ud foroven, idet kappen (2) aflægger høstmaterialet på jorden over stort set hele høstebredden.FIG. 6 shows a harvesting machine that mows grass and guides it out from the top, with the sheath (2) depositing the harvesting material on the ground over almost the entire harvest width.

10 Kappen (2) i fig. 6 har på mejesneglen ingen kanter, således at høstematerialet afgives ubrudt og løst.10 The cover (2) of FIG. 6 has no edges on the cutting auger, so that the harvesting material is delivered unbroken and loose.

I de i fig. 7 og 8 viste varianter har kappen derimod på indersiden lister (4), der som vist i fig. 9 i planbillede fører høstmaterialet lidt sammen i bredden. Sam-15 tidig har disse lister (4) funktion som stop henholdsvis modskær til den mekaniske optrævling af materialet for at reducere tørringstiden på marken. Graden af sønderdeling, ituslåning og skæring kan ændres gennem antallet af lister og listernes hældning.In the FIG. 7 and 8, on the other hand, have the sheath on the inner moldings (4) which, as shown in FIG. 9 in plan view, the harvesting material brings along the width slightly. At the same time, these moldings (4) function as stops and counter cuts respectively for the mechanical unraveling of the material to reduce the drying time on the field. The degree of fragmentation, breaking and cutting can be changed through the number of moldings and the slopes of the moldings.

20 Den i fig. 9 viste snegl, hvis hældning fører mod midten fra begge sider, leder allerede høstmaterialet sammen ved midten, når listerne forløber akseparallelt.The embodiment of FIG. 9, the inclination of which leads towards the center from both sides already joins the harvesting material at the center when the moldings are running parallel.

Meget kraftigt knust og findelt materiale vil blive afkastet ud på stubbene og vil efter visningen eller tørringen ikke kunne gribes med optagercylinderens pigge.Very strongly crushed and finely divided material will be thrown out onto the stumps and, after viewing or drying, will not be able to be gripped with the spike cylinder spikes.

2525

Derfor ledes det stærkt sønderdelte høstmateriale i første omgang hen på en ledeflade (5) henholdsvis en afløbsbue (5), fortættes ved afglidningen til et tæppe, og aflægges på stubbene (fig. 8). Det tørrende eller gennemtørrede tæppe af halmmateriale hænger sammen som følge af sin fiberstruktur, og kan 30 uden drysningstab løftes og transporteres af optagelsesindretninger.Therefore, the highly decomposed harvesting material is initially guided onto a guide surface (5) or a drainage arch (5), condensed upon sliding to a blanket, and deposited on the stumps (Fig. 8). The drying or drying carpet of straw material is interconnected as a result of its fiber structure, and can be lifted and transported by recording devices without any loss of spraying.

Mejesneglen egner sig også til optagelse af tæppet af halmmateriale.The dairy snail is also suitable for picking up the carpet of straw material.

DK 173790 B1 5DK 173790 B1 5

Det i fig. 10 viste udførelseseksempel viser desuden en elektrisk motor (tromleløber) 12’, der er indbygget i mejesneglen som kerne og driver meje-sneglen 1.The FIG. 10, in addition, shows an electric motor (drum runner) 12 'which is built into the dairy auger as the core and drives the dairy auger 1.

5 Fig. 11 og 12 viser, at indersiden af kappen omfatter akseparallelle føringslister 4 til at lede materialet i aksial retning. Det er med arrangementet i fig. 11 og 12 naturligvis også muligt at meje stående halmmateriale og at aflægge dette til siden i et skår.FIG. 11 and 12 show that the inside of the sheath comprises axis parallel guide strips 4 for guiding the material in the axial direction. It is with the arrangement of FIG. 11 and 12, of course, it is also possible to mow standing straw material and to set this aside in a swath.

10 Den i fig. 13 viste variant egner sig især til aftopning af flere rækker af roer. Det afskårne bladmateriale føres langs listerne (4) og afkastes til siden.10 The embodiment of FIG. 13 is particularly suitable for bottling several rows of beets. The cut leaf material is passed along the strips (4) and thrown to the side.

Fig. 14 og 15 viser en kort mejesnegl ti! aftopning afen roerække. Mejesneglen er omgivet af kappen (2), der på forsiden omfatter et føleorgan (6). På inder-15 siden er kappen forsynet med akseparallelle lister (4). Det afskårne bladmateriale kastes således ud til siden. Mejesneglen og hjelmen optages som enhed af et ledparallelogram (7, 8). Den nederste arm (7) er kortere end den øverste, således at mejesneglen (1) med føleren (6) svinger bagud, når disse hæves, så afstanden (a) mellem føleorganets (6) underkant og sneglens yderlinie og der-20 med aftopningstykkelsen bliver større, som ønsket.FIG. 14 and 15 show a short snail ten! bottling of beet. The cutting auger is surrounded by the sheath (2) which includes a sensing member (6) on the front. On the inner side, the sheath is provided with axis parallel strips (4). The cut leaf material is thus thrown out to the side. The snail and helmet are taken as a unit by a joint parallelogram (7, 8). The lower arm (7) is shorter than the upper one, so that the dosing screw (1) with the sensor (6) swings backward when raised, so that the distance (a) between the lower edge of the sensing member (6) and the outer line of the auger, and thus with the tapping thickness getting bigger as desired.

Fig. 16-18 viser som tredie udførelseseksempel kombinationen mellem en mejesnegl ifølge opfindelsen og en hakkelsesmaskine.FIG. Figures 16-18 show, as a third embodiment, the combination between a maize auger according to the invention and a chopping machine.

25 Mejesneglen (1) afskærer halmstråene eller majsstænglerne og kaster dem ud foroven i et trug, der dannes af kappen (2) med den opad forløbende forlængelse (9). De aksialt arrangerede lister (4) leder høstmaterialet ind i hakkelses-maskinen (10). Det hakkede materiale afkastes ved hjælp af kastehjulet (11) (fig. 17 og 18).The cutting auger (1) cuts off the straw or corn stalks and throws them out at the top of a trough formed by the casing (2) with the upwardly extending extension (9). The axially arranged moldings (4) guide the harvesting material into the chopping machine (10). The chopped material is ejected by means of the castor wheel (11) (Figs. 17 and 18).

Mejesneglens drejeretning i retning med uret bevirker, at materialet transporteres ud foroven og således optages. Der kan derefter let tilknyttes yderligere arbejdsprocesser, f.eks. sønderdeling eller en transport i en bestemt retning.The direction of rotation of the screwdriver in a clockwise direction causes the material to be transported outwards and thus absorbed. Further work processes can then easily be associated, e.g. decomposition or transport in a particular direction.

30 DK 173790 B1 630 DK 173790 B1 6

Til mejnings- og jordtildækningsformål kan mejesneglen sprede høstmaterialet ud for neden og i givet fald, hvis den er udstyret med ekstra værktøjer, også sprede jord og således blande høstmaterialet med jorden.For mowing and ground cover purposes, the mower can spread the harvesting material down below and, if equipped with additional tools, also spread the soil and thus mix the harvesting material with the soil.

5 Fig. 19 og de efterfølgende figurer viser et Ijerde udførelseseksempel af opfindelsen med et snegleskær, der er udformet, så det er specielt egnet til at afskære stort set vissent, fint græs- og halmmateriale i frit snit. Til dette formål kræves der høje snithastigheder, således at der til skæresneglen må anvendes et i akseretningen parallelt aftrappet skær for at holde sneglens omdrejningstal 10 relativt lavt. Imidlertid kan løse, visne græsstrå og fine halmstrå hænge fast på et sådant aftrappet skær.FIG. 19 and the following figures show a fourth embodiment of the invention with a auger cutter, which is designed to be suitable for cutting roughly fine, fine grass and straw material in free section. For this purpose, high cutting speeds are required, so that a cutting step parallel to the axis of the shaft must be used in order to keep the screw speed 10 relatively low. However, loose, withered grass and fine straw can hang on such a stepped insert.

Derfor er skæretrinnene ifølge opfindelsen udformet noget skråt i forhold til sneglens skråt eller akseparallelt forløbende periferi, som fig. 19 og 20 illustre-15 rer i en afbildning oven fra af mejesneglen 1. De fine halmstrå H elleret trævlet blad glider af på trinnet, der skråner med vinkelen β.Therefore, the cutting steps according to the invention are formed somewhat oblique with respect to the bevel or axially extending circumference of the auger, as FIG. 19 and 20 illustrate in a top view of the dairy screw 1. The fine straw straw H or rolled leaf leaves slides on the step sloping at the angle β.

En bølgeslibning på sneglens skrå, henholdsvis akseparallelle snegleperiferi (fig. 21) egner sig til friskt skæremateriale, f.eks. til grønne, faste roeblade.A wave grinding on the incline of the auger or axial parallel auger periphery (Fig. 21) is suitable for fresh cutting material, e.g. for green, firm beets.

20 Skæret på en mejesnegl af større længde kan hvæsses under rotationen (fig.20 The cutter of a larger length cutter can be whisked during rotation (fig.

19) ved hjælp af en fast slibesten (12), der bevæges frem og tilbage. Hvæsningen kan udføres på enkel måde, navnlig ved mindre sneglelængder, ved hjælp af en liste eller klap, der forløber over hele sneglens mejebredde, og som bærer en slibesten.19) by means of a fixed grindstone (12) which is moved back and forth. The grinding can be carried out in a simple manner, especially at smaller auger lengths, by means of a strip or flap extending over the entire auger width and carrying a grindstone.

2525

Figurerne 22-27 viser forskellige kombinationer af mejesnegl, føleorgan og efteraftopper.Figures 22-27 illustrate various combinations of maize auger, sensing means and aftertops.

Til foraftopning af flere rækker af blade er mejesneglen (1) fast anordnet på 30 stativet (13). De afmejede blade kan, som det tidligere er beskrevet, ledes ud til siden, eller som vist i fig. 22, med en fortandet mejesnegl spredes findelt ud på jorden i fuld bredde. De efter foraftopningen (afmejningen) af bladet (14) til- DK 173790 B1 7 bageblevne bladstubbe (15) overkøres med et føleorgan (16), der er koblet til en kniv (17). Aftopningsknivens (17) afstand (a) til føleorganet bestemmer efteraftopningens tykkelse. Den i fig. 22 viste løsning er en forenkling og et mere kompakt konstruktionsarrangement sammenlignet med de tidligere an-5 vendte fremgangsmåder til særskilt afstødning af bladet, sideværts transport og efteraftopning.For preloading multiple rows of blades, the cutting screw (1) is fixedly mounted on the rack (13). The dented leaves may, as previously described, be directed out to the side, or as shown in FIG. 22, with a toothed corn snail, spread finely on the ground at full width. After the pre-tapping (unmoulding) of the blade (14), the remaining stumps (15) of the leaf (15) are run over with a sensing means (16) coupled to a knife (17). The distance (a) of the drip knife (17) to the sensing means determines the thickness of the drip. The FIG. 22 is a simplification and a more compact construction arrangement compared to the methods previously used for separate blade repulsion, lateral transport and post-tapping.

De i figurerne 23-27 viste løsninger angår aftapningen afen roerække ad gangen og egner sig for en tilstoppelsesfri arbejdsproces, også af større blad-10 mængder.The solutions shown in Figures 23-27 relate to the bottling of a row of beets at a time and are suitable for a clogging-free working process, also of larger leaf-10 quantities.

I figurerne 23 og 24 mejer sneglen (1) roebladet ned til stubbene (15). Meje-sneglen (1) er i det bageste område omgivet afen kappe (2), der på indersiden * bærer akseparallelle lister (4). På bagsiden af kappen (2) er der anbragt føle-15 organer (18), der griber fremad igennem bladstubbene (15), hvorved de glider over hovedet (19) af det i jorden faststående roelegeme. I praksis rager 3-4 fingre ud i en afstand på omtrent 3 cm for at afføle roetoppen. Aftopningskniven (17) er forbundet med føleorganet (18), hvilken aftopningskniv er fast eller styret ved hjælp af ledkvadranter. Afstanden (a) mellem underkanten på føle-20 organet (18) og aftopningskniven (17) bestemmer efteraftopningens tykkelse.In Figures 23 and 24, the auger (1) mows the beet blade down to the stumps (15). The mower auger (1) is surrounded in the rear region by a sheath (2) which carries on the inside * axial parallel strips (4). At the rear of the sheath (2), sensing means (18) are provided which engage forwardly through the leaf stumps (15), thereby sliding over the head (19) of the grounding body fixed. In practice, 3-4 fingers protrude at a distance of about 3 cm to sense the beetroot. The doping knife (17) is connected to the sensing means (18), which doping knife is fixed or controlled by joint quadrants. The distance (a) between the lower edge of the sensor (18) and the tapping knife (17) determines the thickness of the taper.

Den i figurerne 23 og 24 viste løsning udmærker sig ved en sikker afføling af roetoppen, hvorved også et stærkt roeblad kappes af uden uregelmæssigheder.The solution shown in Figures 23 and 24 is characterized by a safe sensing of the beet top, thereby also cutting off a strong beet leaf without irregularities.

2525

Også med løsningen ifølge fig. 25 opnås der en tilstoppelsesfri afmejning af roebladet. Føleorganerne (20) griber foran mejesneglen (1) gennem hele bladet (16), og mejesneglen kører imod uret, og således afstryges føleorganet bestandigt for afmejede blade. Knivens (21) skæreplan ligger lavere i forhold til 30 føleorganernes (20) underkant med afstanden (a). Føleorganerne (20) kan indstilles i højden svarende til den ønskede aftopningstykkelse (a), mens kniven (21) kan drejes om mejesneglen 1.Also with the solution according to FIG. 25, a clogging-free flattening of the beet leaf is obtained. The sensing means (20) engage in front of the muzzle (1) throughout the blade (16), and the muzzle moves counterclockwise, thus stripping the sensing member permanently to mowed leaves. The cutting plane of the knife (21) is lower relative to the lower edge of the sensing means (20) with the distance (a). The sensing means (20) can be adjusted to the height corresponding to the desired tapering thickness (a), while the knife (21) can be rotated around the cutting screw 1.

DK 173790 B1 8 I løsningen ifølge fig. 26 og 27 overtager mejesneglen (1) også selv affølingen af roetoppen (19). Mejesnegiens (1) gennemløbende skær (22) er afbrudt ved sektionerne Si og S2, der ikke er hvæssede, og som radialt rager ud over skæret (22) med afstanden b. Sektionerne Si og s2 afstøtter således sneglen (1) på 5 roetoppen (19) under rotationen. Da støttesektionerne Si og s2 ikke udviser nogen eller kun en lav negativ stigning i forhold til snegleskæret, afbrydes den samlede skæreflade praktisk taget ikke ved støttesektionerne. Skæresneglen samvirker med kniven (21). Den aftopper roerne svarende til den indstillede afstand a, hvorved den aftoppede skive gribes afskæresneglen og findeles.In the solution according to FIG. 26 and 27, the dosing screw (1) also takes over the sensing of the beet top (19). The cutting insert (22) of the cutting auger (1) is interrupted by the non-sharpened sections Si and S2, which radially extend beyond the insert (22) with the distance b. The sections Si and s2 thus support the auger (1) of the row top ( 19) during the rotation. Since the support sections Si and s2 do not exhibit any or only a low negative rise relative to the auger cut, the overall cutting surface is practically not interrupted by the support sections. The auger cooperates with the knife (21). It dips the beets corresponding to the set distance a, whereby the dipped disc is gripped by the cutter and finely divided.

10 Med løsningen ifølge fig. 26 og 27 forenes således på mindst mulig plads en sikker tilstoppelsesfri mejning afbladet og en nøjagtig aftopning.10 With the solution of FIG. 26 and 27 are thus combined in the least possible space with a secure clogging-free cutting blade and an accurate plugging.

Fig. 28 og de følgende figurer viser som sjette udførelseseksempel anvendelse· af høstapparatet ifølge opfindelsen som meje- og bjergningsmaskine for halm-15 materiale.FIG. 28 and the following figures show, as the sixth embodiment, the use of the harvester according to the invention as a straw and salvage machine for straw material.

For at fremskynde tørringen af mejet halmmateriale er det kendt at bearbejde halm og blade ved knækning, kvasning eller sønderrivning. En endnu mere intensiv mekanisk bearbejdning opnås ved hjælp af selve skæresneglen i sam-20 virke med en listebelægning på den indvendige side af kappen (23) (fig. 28). Skæresneglen (1) hæver det mejede materiale (2) og transporterer det i det øverste område af kappen forbi mejesnegiens listebelægning (4), hvorved materialet findeles og kvases. Den tilknyttede listebelægning (24) har en lavere profildybde. Det på forhånd sønderdelte materiale findeles i dette listeområde i 25 trævler og males. Sneglen (1) kaster derefter det findelte trævlede materiale (25) ind i spalten mellem glidebuen (5) og valsen (26). Den profilerede valse (26) transporterer materialet bagud under fladetryk og komprimerer det til en måtte (27). Valsens (25) periferi bevæges med en vis overhastighed, således at den pressede halmmaterialemåtte aflægges i bølgeform på stubbene. Der- 30 ved kan der let komme luft ind under måtten fra siden, så den også tørres fra undersiden. Efter en fuldstændig eller delvis tørring af måtten (27) kan denne eller et halmmaterialeskår igen optages af sneglen (1). Sneglen (1) fungerer således som en halmmaterialetransportsnegl, hvilket er muligt på grund af DK 173790 B1 9 sneglens relativt lave stigning (fig. 29). Til sneglen (1) er der tilsluttet en blæser, som det er blevet beskrevet i det foregående under henvisning til fig. 17.To speed up the drying of mown straw material, it is known to process straw and leaves by cracking, brushing or tearing. An even more intensive mechanical machining is achieved by means of the cutting auger itself in cooperation with a molding on the inside of the casing (23) (Fig. 28). The cutting auger (1) raises the mowed material (2) and transports it in the upper area of the casing past the mold cover (4) of the dairy auger, whereby the material is comminuted and chipped. The associated list coating (24) has a lower profile depth. The pre-shredded material is comminuted in this list area into 25 wood swabs and painted. The auger (1) then casts the finely divided wood-rolled material (25) into the gap between the sliding arc (5) and the roller (26). The profiled roller (26) transports the material back under surface pressure and compresses it into a mat (27). The periphery of the roller (25) is moved at a certain over-speed, so that the pressed straw material mat is deposited in wave form on the stubs. Thus, air can easily enter under the mat from the side so that it is also dried from the underside. After a complete or partial drying of the mat (27), this or a straw material cut can again be taken up by the auger (1). The auger (1) thus functions as a straw transport auger, which is possible due to the relatively low pitch of the auger (Fig. 29). Attached to the auger (1) is a fan, as described above with reference to FIG. 17th

For at optage et løst, porøst halmmaterialeskår opklappes beskyttelseshjelmen 5 (28) og kappesektionen forsynet med listerne (4). Det løse halmmateriale kan let og uden opstuvning flyde aksialt ind i transportblæseren langs de opklap-pede vægflader (fig. 29).To accommodate a loose, porous straw material cut, the protective helmet 5 (28) and the sheath section are provided with the moldings (4). The loose straw material can easily and axially flow axially into the conveyor fan along the folded wall surfaces (Fig. 29).

I fig. 30 er listesektionerne (23) og (24) (indløbssektion og yderligere sektion) til 10 mejningen løftet eller klappet op. Disse variable arrangementer, som de vises i fig. 28 og 29, kan også anvendes som mejnings- og optagelsesorgan til lastvogne. I fig. 31 optager en transportvalse (29) halmmaterialet fra sneglen (1) og stryger det hen over kniven (30).In FIG. 30, the list sections (23) and (24) (inlet section and further section) for the mowing are lifted or folded up. These variable arrangements, as shown in FIG. 28 and 29, can also be used as a cutting and picking device for trucks. In FIG. 31, a transport roller (29) takes up the straw material from the auger (1) and flips it over the knife (30).

Claims

A harvester for cutting all types of straw in free cut and with a high-speed rotary cutting auger and on its radial outer edge 5 has a cutting surface, characterized in that the cross-section of the cutting surface containing the axis of the auger extends at an angle γ relative to the axis of the snail.

Harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting surface has steps whose cutting line forms an angle (β) with the auger axis.

Harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting surface has a corrugated grinding.

Harvesting device according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the cutting auger is surrounded by a sheath (2).

Harvesting apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the sheath (2) on the side facing the dairy auger is coated with strips (4) arranged obliquely or axis parallel, the angle of incline (a) of the auger being less than the harvesting material. 20 sliding friction angle of the rial.

Harvester according to claims 1-5, characterized in that the auger (1) in the upper area is surrounded by a sheath provided in the inlet section (23) with moldings joining a further section, as compared to the previous ones are finer profiled.

Harvesting apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the moldings (4) are formed axially parallel and the molding (24) is V-shaped. 30

Harvester according to claim 6, characterized in that the jacket consists of two separate parts, the inlet section (23) and a further section (24), the inlet section (23) being raised and the additional section (24) folding up .

Harvesting apparatus according to claims 1-8, characterized in that a peel and guide surface (5) and a drain arc (5) are arranged behind the dowel screw (1). DK 173790 B1 5

Harvesting apparatus according to claims 1-9, characterized in that the rise of the auger (1) on both sides leads towards the center and that a collecting basket (3) is arranged behind the auger (1) with the cover (2).

Harvester according to claim 6, characterized in that a profiled roller (26) is arranged behind the auger (1), which together with the drain arch (5) forms a gap for the finely divided material (25) which flows between auger and moldings (26).

Harvester according to Claim 11, characterized in that the roller (26) is rotatably pressurized against the straw material (25) and travels at a speed higher than the driving speed required for a wave-shaped deposition. of the compressed straw material blanket (27).

Harvesting device according to claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the protective helmet (28) and the front inlet section (23) can be folded up and that a conveyor fan or a mechanical conveyor is connected to the auger (1).

Harvesting apparatus according to claims 1-13, characterized in that a chopping machine (10) and a return wheel (11) connected in the direction of transport are arranged on the same axis.

Harvesting apparatus according to claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the sheath (2) is extended upwardly by a guide wall (9), so that a transport trough is formed in the rear area relative to the dairy screw. DK 173790 B1

Harvesting apparatus according to claims 1-15, characterized in that the sheath (2) in front carries a sensing means (6) and that the harvesting apparatus is accommodated by a joint quadrant whose lower control rod is shorter than the upper one. 5

Harvesting apparatus according to claims 1-16, characterized in that a dosing device consisting of sensing means and dipping knife is arranged behind the dummy screw (1) fixed in a machine frame (13).

Harvesting apparatus according to claims 1-17, characterized in that a sensing means (18) which engages forwardly below the dairy snails are arranged at the rotary clockwise rotating screw and rearwardly enclosed by a sheath (2). and in the direction of travel, the bend is co-shaped upwardly, and behind which lies a tapping knife (17), in such a way that it is displaced downwardly by a distance (a) relative to the lower edge of the feeler on the beet top. 15

Harvesting apparatus according to claims 1-18, characterized in that sensing means (20) are arranged in front of the mowing snail (1), the lower edge of which lies with the distance (a) higher than the lower edge of the snail (1).

Harvester according to claims 1-19, characterized in that the cutter (22) of the cutting auger (1) is interrupted by the support sections (si, S2) which extend radially beyond the cutter with a small size (b) and extend without increase (as a slice segment perpendicular to the axis), and further that an engaging knife (21) is arranged which is displaced downwardly with the dipping slice thickness 25 (a).

Harvester according to claims 1-20, characterized in that a grinding block (12) is arranged radially in relation to the rotary cutting auger, which can be moved axially back and forth on a rod. 30

Harvesting apparatus according to claims 1-21, characterized in that the dairy auger (1) is driven by an electric motor 12 'which is built into the dairy auger as a core.