DK172280B1

DK172280B1 - Method of simultaneous recording of images and sound as well as camera and one or more microphones for carrying out the method.

Info

Publication number: DK172280B1
Application number: DK38793A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Jan Erik Hoerskov Juhler
Original assignee: Jan Erik Hoerskov Juhler
Priority date: 1993-03-31
Filing date: 1993-03-31
Publication date: 1998-02-16
Also published as: JPH08508347A; WO1994023339A1; CA2159582A1; EP0692105A1; FI954594A; FI954594A0; DK38793D0; AU6375094A; DK38793A

Description

i DK 172280 B1in DK 172280 B1

Opfindelsen angår en fremgangsmåde ved optagelse af billeder, fortrinsvis levende billeder ved hjælp af et kamera og samtidig optagelse af til billederne hørende lyd ved hjælp af en eller flere i forhold til kameraet bevægelige mikrofo-5 ner.The invention relates to a method of recording images, preferably live images by means of a camera, and simultaneously recording sound associated with the images by means of one or more moving microphones relative to the camera.

Opfindelsen angår også en udførelsesform for et kamera og en eller flere mikrofoner til udøvelse af fremgangsmåden.The invention also relates to an embodiment of a camera and one or more microphones for practicing the method.

Ved udøvelse af den kendte fremgangsmåde er 10 mikrofonernes placering afhængig af og begrænset af kameraets optagefelt, hvis størrelse afhænger af kameraets linsesystem, dets indstilling til fokusering i optagefeltet og af størrelse samt form for kameraets som oftest rektangulære billed-felt. Lydoptagelser til film eller TV foregår almindeligvis 15 ved, at en lydassistent styrer en mikrofon, der er ophængt for enden af en lang stang, hen over skuespillernes hoveder.In practicing the known method, the location of the 10 microphones is dependent on and limited by the camera's recording field, the size of which depends on the camera's lens system, its setting for focusing in the recording field and size, and the shape of the camera's usually rectangular image field. Audio recordings for film or television are usually done by an audio assistant guiding a microphone suspended at the end of a long bar across the actors' heads.

Det er lydassistentens opgave at føre mikrofonen sådan, at den så tæt på som muligt følger en skuespiller rundt i kameraets optagefelt, uden at mikrofonen føres ind i dette.It is the job of the audio assistant to guide the microphone so that it follows as closely as possible an actor around the camera's recording field without the microphone being inserted into it.

20 Ved kameraer, der køres rundt på en kameravogn, og hvor der bruges zoom-objektiver, er optagefeltets grænseflader så variable, at det kræver stor erfaring og ekspertise at føre eller styre en mikrofon optimalt. Da en lydstyrke aftager med kvadratet på afstanden fra en lydkilde, kan en ændring på 25 blot 20 cm af en mikrofons placering i forhold til lydkilden være afgørende for en lydoptagelses kvalitet.20 For cameras that are driven around on a camera wagon and where zoom lenses are used, the shooting field interfaces are so variable that it requires a great deal of experience and expertise to lead or control a microphone optimally. As a volume decreases with the square of the distance from an audio source, a change of 25 cm only 20 cm from the position of a microphone relative to the audio source may be critical to the quality of an audio recording.

Ved udøvelse af den kendte fremgangsmåde hænder det jævnligt, at en mikrofon uheldigvis bliver ført ind i et kameras optagefelt, hvilket medfører, at en optagelse skal 30 tages om.In practicing the known method, it is common for a microphone to be accidentally inserted into a camera's recording field, which causes a recording to be repeated.

Det er opfindelsens formål at formindske muligheden for, at en mikrofon styres ind i kameraets optagefelt under udøvelse af fremgangsmåden.It is an object of the invention to reduce the possibility of a microphone being guided into the camera's recording field during the practice.

Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig 35 ved, at der dannes et eller flere fortrinsvis vifteformede eller tæppeformede signalbølgefelter, der hver passerer tæt udenfor eller tangerer en grænseflade for kameraets op- DK 172280 B1 2 tagefelt, at der til dannelse af disse felter udsendes signaler fra en eller flere signalbølgesendere, og at signalerne i givet fald modtages og videresendes, fortinsvis ved at reflekteres fra en eller flere mikrofoner til respek-5 tive mikrofonstyrende modtagere af de videresendte, fortrinsvis reflekterede signaler.The method of the invention is peculiar in that one or more preferably fan-shaped or blanket wavefields are formed, each passing close to the outside or tangent to an interface of the camera's receiving field, to produce signals from a field of formation. or more signal wave transmitters and, where appropriate, the signals are received and transmitted, preferably by reflecting from one or more microphones to respective microphone controlling receivers of the transmitted, preferably reflected signals.

Herved opnås, at der kan lægges nogle signalfelter uden om et område, der skal filmes. Signalerne kan ifølge opfindelsen bestå af lydbølger eller af elektromagnetiske 10 bølger, f.eks. lys eller radiobølger. De reflekterede signaler kan opfattes af en mikrofonoperatørs syn eller hørelse eller modtages af et apparat, der omdanner signalerne, således at operatøren kan opfatte dem, eller som automatisk styrer en mikrofon. Hvis en mikrofon herefter er ved 15 at blive ført ind i det område, der skal filmes, vil mikrofonen forinden være trængt ind i et signalfelt og herfra videresende, eksmepelvis reflektere et signal, der meddeler en signalmodtager, f.eks. en mikrofonoperatør, at nu er en grænse for mikrofonens bevægelse nået. Man kan herved 20 forebygge, at en mikrofon styres ind i kameraets optagefelt og undgå, at en optagelse skal tages om på grund af en fejlagtigt styret mikrofon.This provides that some signal fields can be omitted around an area to be filmed. The signals according to the invention may consist of sound waves or of electromagnetic waves, e.g. light or radio waves. The reflected signals can be perceived by the sight or hearing of a microphone operator or received by an apparatus that converts the signals so that the operator can perceive them or automatically control a microphone. Then, if a microphone is about to be introduced into the area to be filmed, the microphone will be previously penetrated into a signal field and forward from it, for example, reflecting a signal communicating to a signal receiver, e.g. a microphone operator that now a limit to the movement of the microphone has been reached. Hereby, one can prevent a microphone from being guided into the camera's recording field and avoid having to record a recording due to an incorrectly controlled microphone.

En udførelsesform for et kamera og en eller flere mikrofoner til udøvelse af fremgangsmåden kan ifølge op-25 findelsen være ejendommelig ved, at en eller flere signalsendere er monteret i respektive holdere på kameraet, og at en eller flere af mikrofonerne har signalreflekterende midler til videresendelse af de fra signalsenderne modtagne signaler.According to the invention, an embodiment of a camera and one or more microphones for carrying out the method may be characterized in that one or more signal transmitters are mounted in respective holders of the camera and that one or more of the microphones has signal reflecting means for transmitting the signals received from the signal transmitters.

30 Da signalsenderne hermed er anbragt så tæt på kameraet som muligt, opnås, at signalfelterne kan placeres tæt på kameraets almindeligvis rektangulære optagefelt. De advarende signaler fra de reflekterende midler vil da først vise sig, når mikrofonerne er ganske tæt på optagefeltet.30 As the signal transmitters are thus placed as close to the camera as possible, it is achieved that the signal fields can be placed close to the camera's generally rectangular recording field. The warning signals from the reflective means will only appear when the microphones are quite close to the recording field.

35 Mikrofonernes bevægelighed bliver derved begrænset mindst muligt. Da signalsenderne er monteret på kameraet, vil signal felternes placering i forhold til optagefeltet forblive DK 172280 B1 3 uændret under kameraets bevægelser.35 The mobility of the microphones is thereby minimized. Since the signal transmitters are mounted on the camera, the position of the signal fields relative to the recording field will remain unchanged during camera movements.

En udførelsesform for et kamera og en eller flere mikrofoner kan ifølge opfindelsen endvidere være ejendommelig ved, at en eller flere af signalbølgesenderne er laserlyssen-5 dere, der sender laserlys med en bølgelængde på omkring 800 nm, og er sådan indrettet, at signalerne sendes fremad i forhold til kameraet i et eller flere vifteformede laser-lystæpper, samt indrettet med styringsmidler, der kan styre et tæppes retning i takt med en ændring af indstillingen af 10 kameraets optik sådan, at tæppet skærer det til den i kameraet gældende optik svarende billedfeltplan i et bælte, der ligger udenfor, fortrinsvis umiddelbart udenfor og parallelt med en side, fortrinsvis en overside af det til optikken svarende billedfelt, og at mikrofonerne er forsynet 15 med laserlysreflekterende zoner, fortrinsvis i form af fluorescerende plader.An embodiment of a camera and one or more microphones according to the invention can further be characterized in that one or more of the signal wave transmitters are laser light transmitters which transmit laser light with a wavelength of about 800 nm and are arranged so that the signals are sent forward in relation to the camera in one or more fan-shaped laser light carpets, and provided with control means which can control the direction of a blanket as a change in the setting of the camera's optics such that the blanket intersects with the optical field plan corresponding to the camera in a belt lying outside, preferably immediately outside and parallel to a side, preferably an upper side of the optical field corresponding to the optics, and the microphones being provided with laser light reflecting zones, preferably in the form of fluorescent plates.

Herved opnås en optimal virkning, nemlig at veldefinerede signalfelter kan placeres ganske tæt på kameraets optageområde, at laserlyset er næsten usynligt for 20 det menneskelige øje og helt usynligt for en films emulsion og et TV-kameras billedrør, og at en fluorescerende zone eller plade lyser kraftigt op, f.eks. i form af en lysende linie, når den rammes af laserlys og derved bliver tydeligt synlig for en mikrofonoperatør, umiddelbart før mikrofonen 25 når en grænseflade for kameraets optagefelt.This results in an optimal effect, namely that well-defined signal fields can be placed quite close to the camera's shooting range, that the laser light is almost invisible to the human eye and completely invisible to a film's emulsion and a TV camera's picture tube, and that a fluorescent zone or plate is lit. vigorously up, e.g. in the form of a luminous line when struck by laser light, thereby becoming clearly visible to a microphone operator, immediately before the microphone 25 reaches an interface for the camera's recording field.

Opfindelsen vil i det følgende blive nærmere forklaret i forbindelse med en udførelsesform for et kamera og en eller flere mikrofoner til udøvelse af fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen og under henvisning til tegningen, hvor 30 fig. 1 viser et kamera med et zoom-objektiv, en laserlyssender og en mikrofon med en fluorescerende plade, fig. 2 viser laserlyssenderen set udefra, og fig. 3 viser de indvendige dele af laserlyssenderen.The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to an embodiment of a camera and one or more microphones for carrying out the method according to the invention and with reference to the drawing, in which: FIG. 1 shows a camera with a zoom lens, a laser light transmitter and a microphone with a fluorescent plate; FIG. 2 shows the laser light transmitter from the outside, and fig. 3 shows the internal parts of the laser light transmitter.

Fig. 1 viser et kamera 2 med en laserlyssender 1, 35 der er anbragt i en holder 8 på kameraet 2. Laserlyssenderen 1 udsender et vifteformet tæppe af laserlys med en bølgelængde på omkring 800 nm. Tæppet skærer planen for kameraets DK 172280 B1 4 billedfelt 5 i et bælte 3, der ligger parallelt med og umiddelbart uden for bllledfeltets overside. En mikrofon 6, der kan styres manuelt af en mikrofonoperatør, er forsynet med en fluorescerende zone eller plade 7, der er monteret ved 5 mikrofonens underkant. Mikrofonen 6 er vist i en stilling, hvor dens fluorescerende plade befinder sig umiddelbart over det vifteformede tæppe af laserlysbølger. Hvis mikrofonen 6 bliver sænket fra denne stilling og ned i lystæppet, vil den fluorescerende plade 7 straks blive ramt af laserlys. Pladens 10 fluorescerende effekt vil få den til at lyse kraftigt op, når den rammes af det næsten usynlige laserlys. Reflekslyset vil kunne ses i en afstand af mindst 20 m fra kameraet, selv i klart solskin. Mikrofonoperatøren får således en synlig advarsel, hvis mikrofonen er ved at blive ført ind ovenfra i 15 kameraets billedfelt.FIG. 1 shows a camera 2 with a laser light transmitter 1, 35 arranged in a holder 8 on the camera 2. The laser light transmitter 1 emits a fan-shaped blanket of laser light with a wavelength of about 800 nm. The blanket intersects the plane of the camera's DK 172280 B1 4 image field 5 in a belt 3 which is parallel to and immediately outside the upper side of the blind field. A microphone 6, which can be manually controlled by a microphone operator, is provided with a fluorescent zone or plate 7 mounted at the bottom of the microphone. The microphone 6 is shown in a position where its fluorescent plate is immediately above the fan-shaped carpet of laser light waves. If the microphone 6 is lowered from this position into the light blanket, the fluorescent plate 7 will immediately be hit by laser light. The fluorescent effect of the plate 10 will brighten it up when it is hit by the almost invisible laser light. The reflection light will be visible at a distance of at least 20 m from the camera, even in clear sunshine. Thus, the microphone operator receives a visible warning if the microphone is being inserted from above into the camera's field of view.

Hvis placeringen af det nævnte bælte 3 skal fastholdes i kameraets billedfeltplan i en stilling umiddelbart over billedfeltet efter en ændring af optikken, skal hældningsvinklen 12 mellem tæppets underside og centerlinien 20 for kameraets optik ændres som en funktion af ændringer i optikken.If the location of said belt 3 is to be retained in the camera's field of view in a position immediately above the field of view after a change of the optics, the angle of inclination 12 between the underside of the blanket and the center line 20 of the camera's optics must be changed as a function of changes in the optics.

Indstilling af laserlyssenderens hældningsvinkel 12 kan eksempelvis foregå ved hjælp af trykknapper 9, der er anbragt på oversiden af laserlyssenderen 1, og som relaterer 25 til de anvendte optikstørrelser, se fig. 2.Adjustment of the inclination angle of the laser light transmitter 12 can be carried out, for example, by means of push buttons 9 which are arranged on the upper side of the laser light transmitter 1 and which relate 25 to the optic sizes used, see fig. 2nd

Den mekaniske indstilling foregår ved, at en stepmotor 10 med en gevindaksel 11 ændrer laserlyssenderens hældningsvinkel 12. Ved et tryk på en af trykknapperne 9 for en given optikstørrelse, giver en mikroprocessor 13 et 30 tilhørende antal impulser videre til stepmotoren 10, der så kører et givent antal omdrejninger til opnåelse af den korrekte hældningsvinkel 12, se fig. 3, og derved en placering af bæltet 3 umiddelbart over oversiden af det til enhver tid gældende billedfelt. Når der anvendes et zoom-35 objektiv, monteres en impulsgiver 14 på den tandhjulskrans 15, der i forvejen anvendes til motorindstilling af billedstørrelsen, se fig. 1. Når en zoom-vælgerknap 16 på oversiden DK 172280 B1 5 af laserlyssenderen, se fig. 2, er trykket ind, bliver signalerne fra impulsgiveren 14 sendt videre til stepmotoren 10 sådan, at hældningsvinklen 12 ændres synkront med zoomobjektivets ændringer sådan, at bæltet bliver placeret som 5 nævnt ovenfor.The mechanical adjustment is effected by a stepper motor 10 having a threaded shaft 11 changing the inclination angle of the laser light transmitter 12. At the push of one of the push buttons 9 for a given optic size, a microprocessor 13 passes a corresponding number of pulses to the stepper motor 10 which then drives a given number of turns to obtain the correct inclination angle 12, see fig. 3, thereby placing the belt 3 immediately above the top of the image field in force at any given time. When a zoom-35 lens is used, an impulse sensor 14 is mounted on the gear ring 15 which is already used for motor adjustment of the image size, see fig. 1. When a zoom selector button 16 on the upper side of the laser light transmitter, see fig. 2, the signals from the encoder 14 are transmitted to the stepper motor 10 such that the angle of inclination 12 is changed synchronously with the changes of the zoom lens such that the belt is positioned as mentioned above.

For at kompensere for mekaniske variationer ved forskellige kameraer og zoom-objektiver og for at tillade en zone på få centimeter, hvori mikrofonens fluorescerende plade 7 belyses uden reelt at være med i billedet, har laserlyssen-10 deren 1 en O-punktindstilling 17 med mulighed for en manuel op- og nedjustering af hældningsvinklen 12.To compensate for mechanical variations at different cameras and zoom lenses and to allow a few centimeters zone in which the microphone's fluorescent plate 7 is illuminated without actually being included in the image, the laser light 1 has an O-point setting 17 with the option for a manual up and down adjustment of the inclination angle 12.

Laserlysgiveren kan have dimensioner som en husholdningstændstikæske. Den kan via en omskifter 18 strømforsynes enten fra interne batterier eller fra kameraets 15 strømforsyning.The laser light sensor may have dimensions such as a household tea box. It can be powered either from internal batteries or from the camera's 15 power supply via a switch 18.

Hvor lydbølger anvendes til signalbølgesenderne, er disse hensigtsmæssigt i det ultrakorte bølgeområde, der tillader dannelse af et veldefineret tæppeformet signalfelt.Where sound waves are used for the signal wave transmitters, these are conveniently located in the ultra-short wave region which allows the formation of a well-defined blanket signal field.

Her kan f.eks. selve mikrofnerne videresende ultralydsigna-20 lerne sammen med den optagne lyd. Efter at ultralydsignalerne er filtreret ud fra mikrofonsignalerne, kan de behandles og bringes til at danne hørbare eller synlige signaler for mikrofonoperatøren eller styresignaler for en mikrofonføringsrobot.Here, for example, the microphones themselves transmit the ultrasound signals along with the recorded sound. After the ultrasound signals are filtered out from the microphone signals, they can be processed and produced to produce audible or visible signals for the microphone operator or control signals for a microphone guide robot.

25 Grunden til valget af laserlys med ca. 800 nm bølgelængde, f.eks. ±10%, er, at dette lys i modsætning til synligt laserlys både er usynligt for det menneskelige øje og et TV-kameras bi liedrør, samt praktiskt åget ikke kan påvirke en filmemulsion. Dette specielle laserlys gøres synligt ved 30 at ramme en overflade, der er behandlet med et fluorescerende stof, der lyser kraftigt op, når netop lys af nævnte bølgelængde rammer det. Derved vil der, når men mikrofon rammes af laserlystæppet, tegnes en advarende lysstribe på selve mikrofonen.25 The reason for choosing laser light with approx. 800 nm wavelength, e.g. ± 10%, is that, unlike visible laser light, this light is both invisible to the human eye and a TV camera's bi-tube, and practically the yoke cannot affect a film emulsion. This particular laser light is made visible by hitting a surface that is treated with a fluorescent substance that is brightly lit when precisely light of said wavelength strikes it. As a result, when a microphone is hit by the laser light blanket, a warning light strip is drawn on the microphone itself.

Claims

A method of recording images, preferably live images by means of a camera (2) and simultaneously recording sound associated with the images by means of one or 5 more moving microphones (6) relative to the camera (2), characterized in that: forming one or more preferably fan-shaped or blanket-shaped wavefields, each passing close to the outside or tangent to an interface of the camera's recording field, producing signals from one or more signal-wave transmitters (1), and the signals, if any, are received and transmitted, preferably by being reflected from one or more microphones (6) to respective microphone controlling receivers of the transmitted, preferably reflected signals.

Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the signals from a signal transmitter (1) are emitted as a fan-shaped blanket, which cuts the camera's image field plane (5) in a belt (3) located outside one side of the camera's image field, preferably immediately outside and parallel to 20 pages.

Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that signals are conveyed by sound waves.

Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that signals which are carried by electromagnetic waves are used, e.g. radio or light waves or laser light.

Method according to claim 4, characterized in that laser light of a wavelength of about 800 runs is used.

Method according to claim 5, characterized in that fluorescent reflector plates (7) are used on the microphones (6).

Camera and one or more microphones (6) for carrying out the method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more signal transmitters 5 (1) are mounted in respective holders (8) on the camera (2), and that one or more of the microphones (6) has signal reflecting means (7) for transmitting the signals received from the signal transmitters.

Camera (2) and microphones (6) according to claim 7, characterized in that one or more of the signal wave transmitters (1) are laser light transmitters which transmit laser light with a wavelength of about 800 nm and are arranged so that the signals transmitted forwardly with respect to the camera (2) in one or more fan-shaped light blankets, and provided with control means 15 which can control the direction (12) of a blanket as a change in the setting of the camera's optics such that the blanket intersects with it. the camera applying optics corresponding to the image field plane (5) in a belt (3) lying outside, preferably immediately outside and parallel to a side, preferably an upper side of the image field corresponding to the optics, and the microphones are provided with laser light reflecting zones, preferably in form of fluorescent plates. Camera (2) and microphones (6) according to claim 8, characterized in that the laser light transmitter (1) is provided with a vibrating mirror, a special spreading lens or with a cylinder optic (4) for forming the light blanket.