DK164380B - MEASURING DEVICE FOR MEASURING CHARACTERISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RED BLOOD BODIES - Google Patents
MEASURING DEVICE FOR MEASURING CHARACTERISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RED BLOOD BODIES Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK164380B DK164380B DK292286A DK292286A DK164380B DK 164380 B DK164380 B DK 164380B DK 292286 A DK292286 A DK 292286A DK 292286 A DK292286 A DK 292286A DK 164380 B DK164380 B DK 164380B
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- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- measuring device
- foil
- measuring
- electrode
- chamber
- Prior art date
Links
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 title description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 210000003743 erythrocyte Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/1031—Investigating individual particles by measuring electrical or magnetic effects
- G01N15/12—Investigating individual particles by measuring electrical or magnetic effects by observing changes in resistance or impedance across apertures when traversed by individual particles, e.g. by using the Coulter principle
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
- G01N33/487—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material
- G01N33/49—Blood
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/01—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials specially adapted for biological cells, e.g. blood cells
- G01N2015/012—Red blood cells
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
- Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)
- Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
DK 164380BDK 164380B
i oin Island
Opfindelsen angår en måleindretning til måling af formforandringsegenskaber ved røde blodlegemer, erythro-cyter, hvilken måleindretning indbefatter et målekammer, som ved en folie er underdelt i to kamre, idet folien 5 er tilvejebragt med en gennemstrømningsåbning, hvis diameter er mindre, end et rødt blodlegemes hvilediameter, hvor kamrene er således udformede, at der er tilvejebragt en trykforskel mellem de to kamre, og dermed en strøm fra det ene til det andet kammer, idet der tillige 10 er tilvejebragt mindst en elektrode på hver side af folien i området ved åbningen, hvilke elektroder er forbundne med en vekselstrømskilde.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a measuring device for measuring the shape-changing properties of red blood cells, erythrocytes, which includes a measuring chamber which is divided into two chambers by a film, the film 5 being provided with a flow opening of a diameter smaller than a red blood cell. a resting diameter, wherein the chambers are designed to provide a pressure difference between the two chambers, and hence a current from one chamber to the other, with at least one electrode on each side of the film in the region of the aperture, which electrodes are connected to an AC source.
En måleindretning af den nævnte art er omtalt i DE patentskrift nr. 3.215.719. Til måling af erythrocyternes 15 formforandringsegenskaber fyldes det ene kammer i målekammeret med en blanding af en bufferopløsning og blod, og det andet med bufferopløsning. Eftersom der på grund af kanalforløbet er tilvejebragt et hydrostatisk trykfald, påvirkes erythrocyterne på en sådan måde, at de passerer 20 gennem åbningen i folien. Den tid de enkelte erythrocyter bruger til at passere en membran med et hul, tages som udtryk for formforandringsegenskaberne. Ved erythrocyternes passage gennem åbningen i folien forandres målekammerets samlede elektriske modstand. Disse ændringer registreres, 25 og de er et direkte mål for passagetiden. På de på begge sider af åbningen tilvejebragte elektroder påtrykkes en vekselspænding med stor modstand, og den under passagen af erythrocyterne gennem åbningen varierende samlede modstand i målecellen registreres som spændingsændringer.A measuring device of the kind mentioned is disclosed in DE patent specification 3,215,719. To measure the shape-changing properties of the erythrocytes 15, one chamber of the measurement chamber is filled with a mixture of a buffer solution and blood, and the other with buffer solution. Since, due to the passage of the duct, a hydrostatic pressure drop is provided, the erythrocytes are affected in such a way that they pass through the opening in the foil. The amount of time each erythrocytes uses to pass a membrane with a hole is taken as an expression of the shape change properties. As the erythrocytes pass through the opening in the foil, the total electrical resistance of the measuring chamber changes. These changes are recorded, 25 and are a direct measure of passage time. On the electrodes provided on both sides of the orifice, a high resistance AC voltage is applied and the total resistance varying in the measurement cell during the passage of the erythrocytes is recorded as voltage changes.
30 Det er en ulempe ved vekselspændingsmålingen, at folien selv virker som en kondensator, således at åbningens ohmske modstand er parallelforbundet med en kapacitiv parasitmodstand. Hertil må føjes parasitshuntkapaciteter.It is a disadvantage of the AC voltage measurement that the foil itself acts as a capacitor such that the ohmic resistance of the aperture is connected in parallel with a capacitive parasite resistance. To this must be added parasite hunting capabilities.
Ved stigende frekvens tilvejebringes der ganske vist 35 en stigende opløsningsevne i målingen af passagetiden, men størrelsen af den kapacitive modstand falder. Som 0 2With increasing frequency, while increasing resolution is provided in measuring the passage time, the magnitude of the capacitive resistance decreases. Like 0 2
DK 164380 BDK 164380 B
følge heraf bliver ændringen af målesignalet ved erythrocyternes passage gennem åbningen i folien stadigt mindre med stigende målefrekvens, således at der skal tilvejebringes kostbart elektronisk udstyr 5 til størrelsesbestemmelse.As a result, the change of the measurement signal as the erythrocytes pass through the aperture in the foil becomes increasingly smaller with increasing measurement frequency, so that expensive electronic equipment 5 for size determination must be provided.
Denne ulempe overvindes ved opfindelsen. Det er således formålet med opfindelsen, at tilvejebringe en måleindretning til måling af røde blodlegemers formforandringsegenskaber, ved hvilken indretning der frembringes 10 et målesignal, som ved en given vekselspændingsfrekvens er omtrent en størrelsesorden større.This disadvantage is overcome by the invention. It is thus the object of the invention to provide a measuring device for measuring the shape-changing properties of red blood cells, in which device 10 produces a measuring signal which, at a given alternating voltage frequency, is about an order of magnitude larger.
Det angivne formål opnås med en.indretning af den indledningsvis omhandlede art, som ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved den i krav l's kendetegnende del angivne 15 udformning.The stated object is achieved with a device of the kind referred to in the preamble, which according to the invention is characterized by the design according to the characterizing part of claim 1.
Ved opfindelsen tilvejebringes en indretning, hvor der i forbindelsen mellem en elektrode og vekselstrømskilden er indskudt en strømmålingsindretning.The invention provides a device in which a current measuring device is inserted in the connection between an electrode and the alternating current source.
I en udførelsesform af opfindelsen kan en af 20 elektroderne være forbundet med vekselstrømskilden og virke som virtuelt nulpunkt, og i denne forbindelse kan strømmåleindretningen være indskudt. Som strømmåleind-retning kan en som inverterende forstærker virkende operationsforstærker med en dermed forbunden analog/-25 digital konverter være forbundet med elektroden.. Analog/- digital konverteren kan efterfølgende være forbundet med et filter og/eller en spidsværdidetektor, f.eks. en tovejsdetektor.In one embodiment of the invention, one of the 20 electrodes may be connected to the AC source and act as a virtual zero point, and in this connection the current measuring device may be inserted. As a power measuring device, an operating amplifier acting as an inverting amplifier with an associated analog / -25 digital converter may be connected to the electrode. The analog-to-digital converter may subsequently be connected to a filter and / or a peak value detector, e.g. a two-way detector.
Ved omhyggelig minimering af kapaciteterne i 30 målecellen og de elektriske tilslutninger kan der med den ved opfindelsen tilvejebragte måleindretning opnås et målesignal, som er omtrent en størrelsesorden større. Herved er der for første gang, udover oplysningen om passagetiden, mulighed for tilvejebringelse af det 35 elektriske målesignals kvalitative kurveforløb under det røde blodlegemes passage gennem folien.By carefully minimizing the capacities of the measuring cell and the electrical connections, a measuring signal which is approximately an order of magnitude larger can be obtained with the measuring device provided by the invention. In this way, for the first time, in addition to the information about the passage time, it is possible to provide the qualitative curve of the electrical measurement signal during the passage of the red blood cell through the foil.
DK 164380 BDK 164380 B
0 30 3
Opfindelsen forklares i det følgende nærmere under henvisning til tegningen, på hvilken: fig. 1 viser måleindretningens kredsløb, fig. 2 viser en del af målekammerets kredsløb 5 med en alternativ forbindelse af operationsforstærkeren, fig. 3 anskueliggør det digitaliserede indgangssignal til mikroprocessoren.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows the circuit of the measuring device; FIG. 2 shows a portion of the measuring chamber circuit 5 with an alternative connection of the operational amplifier; FIG. 3 illustrates the digitized input signal to the microprocessor.
Målekammeret i måleindretningen, således som det eksempelvis er beskrevet i DE patentskrift nr. 3.215.7X9, 10 er opdelt i to kamre ved en folie. Folien er tilvejebragt med en gennemstrømningsåbning, hvis diameter er mindre et rødt blodlegemes hvilediameter. Kamrene er således udformede, at der er tilvejebragt en trykforskel mellem de to kamre, hvorved tilvejebringes en strøm fra det ene 15 kammer til det andet, når der i kamrene er placeret enThe measuring chamber of the measuring device, as described, for example, in DE patent specification 3.215.7X9, 10 is divided into two chambers by a foil. The foil is provided with a flow opening whose diameter is less than the red diameter of a red blood cell. The chambers are designed such that a pressure difference is provided between the two chambers, thereby providing a flow from one chamber to the other when a chamber is placed in the chambers.
opløsning med røde blodlegemer. På begge sider af folien i nærheden af gennemstrømningsåbningen er der tilvejebragt mindst én elektrode, som er forbundet med en vekselspændingskilde 4. Strømmåleindretningen kan indbefatte en som inver-20 terende forstærker virkende operationsforstærker 7. Ired blood cell solution. On both sides of the foil in the vicinity of the flow opening, at least one electrode is provided which is connected to an AC voltage source 4. The current measuring device may include an operating amplifier 7 which operates as an inverting amplifier.
dette tilfælde er den inverterende indgang 9 på forstærkeren forbundet med elektroden 2 eller 3, medens den ikke--inverterende indgang 10 er forbundet med vekselspændingskilden 4, hhv. med stel. Strømmen måles fortrinsvis ved 25 målekammerets kolde ledningsende. Den inverterende indgang 9 på operationsforstærkeren 7 er forbundet med elektroden 3, og virker, gennem tilbagekobling 11 af en ligeså stor, modsat rettet strøm, med et virtuelt nulpunkt. Herved tilvejebringes der en udgangsspænding på udgangen 12 på 30 operationsforstærkeren 7, som er nøjagtig proportional med strømmen. I praksis er der ikke nogen spændingsforskel mellem elektroden 3 og stel ved måling af strømmen. Gennem den særlige kredsløbsteknik, er de ellers skadelige forbindelser i målekammeret 1 med stel uden betydning.in this case, the inverting input 9 of the amplifier is connected to the electrode 2 or 3, while the non-inverting input 10 is connected to the alternating voltage source 4, respectively. with frame. The current is preferably measured at the cold conductor end of the measuring chamber. The inverting input 9 of the operational amplifier 7 is connected to the electrode 3 and acts, through feedback 11, of an equally large, opposite directed current, with a virtual zero point. This provides an output voltage at the output 12 of the operational amplifier 7 which is exactly proportional to the current. In practice, there is no voltage difference between the electrode 3 and the frame when measuring the current. Through the particular circuit technique, the otherwise harmful compounds in the measuring chamber 1 with frame are of no significance.
35 Der optræder principielt ingen parasitstrømmen i målekredsløbet, hvorfor anvendelsen af en dyrere instrument-35 In principle, there is no parasitic current in the measurement circuit, so the use of a more expensive instrument-
DK 164380 BDK 164380 B
0 4 forstærker ikke er påkrævet. Således kan der også uden betænkelighed som tilledning anvendes længere skærmledninger 13, 14. På grund af den lave modstand, såvel ved den "varme" indgangsende (elektroden 2), som ved den 5 "kolde" stelende (elektroden 3) på målekammeret 1 undertrykkes støj stråling, herunder også i det anvendte frekvensspektrum, i vid udstrækning. Efter eventuel undertrykkelse af yderligere forstyrrelser i det aktive filter 15, kan tilvejebringes en detektion af spidsværdier i en 10 spidsværdidetektor 16. Signalet føres herefter til yderligere behandling i en analog/digital konverter 8 med en egnet opløsning til tilvejebringelse af en dertil knyttet amplitudeberegning. Spidsværdidetektoren 16 sikrer, at analog/-digitalkonverteren 8 modtager et tilstrækkeligt konstant 15 signal gennem omsætningsperioden. I mange tilfælde kan anvendelsen af en tovejsdetektor være fordelagtigere.0 4 amplifier is not required. Thus, longer screen leads 13, 14. can also be used without concern as a conduit because of the low resistance, both at the "hot" input end (electrode 2) and at the 5 "cold" setting (electrode 3) on the measuring chamber 1 is suppressed noise radiation, including also in the frequency spectrum used, extensively. Following suppression of further interference in the active filter 15, a detection of peak values can be provided in a peak value detector 16. The signal is then passed for further processing in an analog / digital converter 8 with a suitable solution to provide an associated amplitude calculation. The peak value detector 16 ensures that the analogue / digital converter 8 receives a sufficiently constant signal throughout the conversion period. In many cases, the use of a two-way detector may be more advantageous.
Ved indsættelse af en efter analog/digitalkonverteren 8 følgende mikroprocessor 17 kan der, uden ændringer i hardwareopbygningen, tilvejebringes forskellige bereg-20 ninger, hvorved frembringes informationer af medicinsk relevans fra måledata. Gennem beregningsalgoritmer kan langsomme ændringer i målekammerstrømmen kompenseres, og kortere støjimpulser elimineres, når sådanne ændringer ikke modsvarer det karakteristiske forløb i tilknytning 25 til erythrocytgennemgang. Eventuelt kan der indsættes en indstillelig forstærker 22 efter operationsforstærkeren.By inserting a microprocessor 17 following the analog / digital converter 8, various calculations can be made, without changes to the hardware structure, thereby producing information of medical relevance from measurement data. Through calculation algorithms, slow changes in the measurement chamber current can be compensated and shorter noise pulses are eliminated when such changes do not match the characteristic course associated with erythrocyte review. Optionally, an adjustable amplifier 22 may be inserted after the operational amplifier.
Til slut tilvejebringes oplysning om det totale tidsforbrug 20 (fig. 3) for den enkelte erythrocyts passage gennem folien, idet der beregnes en statistik herfor, og 30 resultatet vises i fremvisningsorganet 18 og/eller udskrives i printeren 19. Tillige tilvejebringes detaljeret registrering af særligt vigtige faser af passagen, eksempelvis forløbet af elongationsfasen 21 (fig. 3) for erythrocyterne ved indtrædning i åbningen i folien.Finally, information is provided on the total time consumption 20 (Fig. 3) for the passage of the individual erythrocyte through the foil, calculating a statistic thereof, and the result is displayed in the display means 18 and / or printed in the printer 19. In addition, detailed recording of particular important phases of the passage, for example the elongation phase 21 (Fig. 3) of the erythrocytes upon entry into the aperture of the foil.
3535
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3522186 | 1985-06-21 | ||
| DE19853522186 DE3522186A1 (en) | 1985-06-21 | 1985-06-21 | MEASURING DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE DEFORMITY OF RED BLOOD BODIES |
Publications (4)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK292286D0 DK292286D0 (en) | 1986-06-20 |
| DK292286A DK292286A (en) | 1986-12-22 |
| DK164380B true DK164380B (en) | 1992-06-15 |
| DK164380C DK164380C (en) | 1992-11-16 |
Family
ID=6273801
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK292286A DK164380C (en) | 1985-06-21 | 1986-06-20 | MEASURING DEVICE FOR MEASURING CHARACTERISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RED BLOOD BODIES |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4797606A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0209711B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS62182654A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE61669T1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8602869A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3522186A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK164380C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8706962A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI84403C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO166382C (en) |
| PT (1) | PT82787B (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2685544B2 (en) * | 1988-11-11 | 1997-12-03 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Blood filter, blood test method, and blood test apparatus |
| WO1992015878A1 (en) * | 1991-03-04 | 1992-09-17 | Kensey Nash Corporation | Apparatus and method for determining deformability of red blood cells of a living being |
| US5532139A (en) * | 1992-10-30 | 1996-07-02 | Micro-Med, Inc. | Micro lysis-analysis process to measure cell characteristics and diagnose diseases |
| US5610027A (en) * | 1992-10-30 | 1997-03-11 | Micro-Med, Inc. | Microphoto lysis-anlaysis process to measure cell characteristics |
| US5955295A (en) * | 1992-10-30 | 1999-09-21 | Micro-Med, Inc. | Micro lysis-analysis process to measure cell characteristics and diagnose diseases |
| US5528133A (en) * | 1994-07-21 | 1996-06-18 | Powerpoint Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for determining the quality of a colloidal suspension |
| US8026102B2 (en) | 2009-01-21 | 2011-09-27 | Blaze Medical Devices, LLC | Apparatus and method to characterize blood and red blood cells via erythrocyte membrane fragility quantification |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3783247A (en) * | 1971-08-30 | 1974-01-01 | Coulter Electronics | Particle analyzing system for coulter particle device and method |
| US3815022A (en) * | 1972-10-04 | 1974-06-04 | Gen Electric | Method and apparatus for measuring small aspherical particles |
| US3812425A (en) * | 1972-11-21 | 1974-05-21 | Becton Dickinson Co | Method and apparatus for determination of hematocrit |
| US3944917A (en) * | 1973-08-13 | 1976-03-16 | Coulter Electronics, Inc. | Electrical sensing circuitry for particle analyzing device |
| CH614781A5 (en) * | 1977-06-27 | 1979-12-14 | Contraves Ag | |
| DE2750447C2 (en) * | 1977-11-11 | 1986-04-17 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V., 3400 Göttingen | Device for measuring certain properties of particles suspended in a particle suspension |
| DE2828232C2 (en) * | 1978-06-28 | 1986-04-17 | Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich | Device for determining the dielectric breakthrough and the size of particles having a membrane as an envelope |
| FR2484077B1 (en) * | 1980-06-06 | 1984-07-06 | Inst Nat Sante Rech Med | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE DEFORMABILITY OF LIVING CELLS, ESPECIALLY RED BLOOD CELLS |
| DE3215719C2 (en) * | 1982-04-28 | 1984-01-26 | Holger Dr. 5100 Aachen Kiesewetter | Measuring device for measuring the deformability of red blood cells |
-
1985
- 1985-06-21 DE DE19853522186 patent/DE3522186A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1986
- 1986-06-12 EP EP86108031A patent/EP0209711B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-06-12 AT AT86108031T patent/ATE61669T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-06-12 DE DE8686108031T patent/DE3678056D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-06-19 ES ES556231A patent/ES8706962A1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-06-19 US US06/876,165 patent/US4797606A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-06-19 PT PT82787A patent/PT82787B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-06-19 FI FI862630A patent/FI84403C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-06-20 BR BR8602869A patent/BR8602869A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-06-20 NO NO862469A patent/NO166382C/en unknown
- 1986-06-20 JP JP61143118A patent/JPS62182654A/en active Pending
- 1986-06-20 DK DK292286A patent/DK164380C/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK292286A (en) | 1986-12-22 |
| EP0209711A1 (en) | 1987-01-28 |
| US4797606A (en) | 1989-01-10 |
| JPS62182654A (en) | 1987-08-11 |
| FI862630A (en) | 1986-12-22 |
| ES556231A0 (en) | 1987-07-01 |
| DK292286D0 (en) | 1986-06-20 |
| NO862469L (en) | 1986-12-22 |
| DK164380C (en) | 1992-11-16 |
| DE3522186A1 (en) | 1987-01-02 |
| FI84403B (en) | 1991-08-15 |
| ES8706962A1 (en) | 1987-07-01 |
| FI862630A0 (en) | 1986-06-19 |
| NO166382C (en) | 1991-07-10 |
| ATE61669T1 (en) | 1991-03-15 |
| PT82787A (en) | 1986-12-29 |
| NO166382B (en) | 1991-04-02 |
| PT82787B (en) | 1994-07-29 |
| DE3678056D1 (en) | 1991-04-18 |
| NO862469D0 (en) | 1986-06-20 |
| FI84403C (en) | 1991-11-25 |
| EP0209711B1 (en) | 1991-03-13 |
| BR8602869A (en) | 1987-02-10 |
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