DK164221B - Gasification process - Google Patents

Gasification process Download PDF

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DK164221B
DK164221B DK195290A DK195290A DK164221B DK 164221 B DK164221 B DK 164221B DK 195290 A DK195290 A DK 195290A DK 195290 A DK195290 A DK 195290A DK 164221 B DK164221 B DK 164221B
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organic material
water
reactor
catalyst
process according
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DK195290A
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DK164221C (en
DK195290D0 (en
DK195290A (en
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Kjeld Andersen
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Kjeld Andersen
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Description

DK 164221 BDK 164221 B

iin

Den foreliggende opfindelse angår en katalytisk proces til konvertering af et organisk materiale til en gas ved opvarmning af det organiske materiale i vand i væskefase til en temperatur mellem 200 og 450*C under et tryk på fra 5 til 5 35,5 MPa under tilstedeværelse af en katalysator omfattende en forbindelse af et element i gruppe 1A i det periodiske system samt et element fra gruppen IVB.The present invention relates to a catalytic process for converting an organic material to a gas by heating the organic material in liquid phase water to a temperature between 200 and 450 ° C under a pressure of from 5 to 5 35.5 MPa in the presence of a catalyst comprising a compound of an element of group 1A of the periodic table as well as an element of group IVB.

USA-patentskrift nr. 4.113.446 beskriver en proces til fremstilling af en gasblanding med en høj brændværdi, 10 hvilken proces omfatter det trin at lade et væskeformigt eller fast organisk materiale reagere med vand ved en temperatur på i det mindste 647eK og et tryk på i det mindste 22 MPa til opnåelse af vandets kritiske vægtfylde. Reaktionen gennemføres fortrinsvis under tilstedeværelse af en ka-15 talysator såsom en hydrogeniseringskatalysator.U.S. Patent No. 4,113,446 discloses a process for producing a gas mixture having a high calorific value, which process comprises the step of reacting a liquid or solid organic material with water at a temperature of at least 647 eK and a pressure of at least 22 MPa to achieve the critical density of the water. The reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a catalyst such as a hydrogenation catalyst.

Eftersom reaktionen gennemføres ved vandets kritiske •vægtfylde, vil salte, som er til stede i det materiale, som skal gassificeres, ikke blive fjernet sammen med effluenten, og de vil følgelig blive akkumuleret i den anvendte reaktor, 20 således at driften med visse intervaller må standses med henblik på fjernelse af de akkumulerede salte.Since the reaction is carried out at the critical density of the water, salts present in the material to be gasified will not be removed together with the effluent and they will consequently accumulate in the reactor used, so that the operation at certain intervals must stopped to remove the accumulated salts.

Fra tysk offentliggørelsesskrift nr. 37 05 781 kendes en proces af samme art som den foreliggende opfindelse. Sammensætningen af den fremstillede gas ved den kendte proces 25 afhænger af udgangsmaterialets sammensætning og af de specifikke driftsforhold, som anvendes, men sædvanligvis indeholder den fremstillede gas en blanding af carbondioxyd, car-bonmonoxyd og metan samt andre hydrocarboner med lav molekylvægt. I en sådan reaktion, der foregår i en væskefase, 30 kan salte fjernes fra reaktoren sammen med den væskeformige effluent, således at en akkumulering af salte kan undgås.German Offenlegungsschrift No. 37 05 781 discloses a process of the same kind as the present invention. The composition of the gas produced in the known process 25 depends on the composition of the starting material and on the specific operating conditions used, but usually the gas produced contains a mixture of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and methane as well as other low molecular weight hydrocarbons. In such a reaction, which takes place in a liquid phase, salts can be removed from the reactor together with the liquid effluent, so that an accumulation of salts can be avoided.

Gassen er egnet til brug som syntesegas, f.eks. som en gas til syntese af metanol eller hydrocarboner.The gas is suitable for use as a synthesis gas, e.g. as a gas for the synthesis of methanol or hydrocarbons.

Den kendte proces lider af den ulempe, at produkt-35 gassen kan indeholde kulstofpartikler, koks, tjære og/eller olier, som er tilbøjelige til at blive afsat på katalysatoren eller på reaktionskammerets vægge.The known process suffers from the disadvantage that the product gas may contain carbon particles, coke, tar and / or oils which tend to be deposited on the catalyst or on the walls of the reaction chamber.

Opfindelsen er baseret på den iagttagelse, at orga- 2The invention is based on the observation that orga- 2

DK 164221 BDK 164221 B

niske materialer kan gassifiseres med ringe eller uden dannelse af kulstofpartikler, koks og/eller tjære ved opvarmning af det organiske materiale i vand under tilstedeværelse af en katalysator, som tillige omfatter en forbindelse eller 5 et element af gruppen IVB i det periodiske system.technical materials can be gasified with little or no formation of carbon particles, coke and / or tar by heating the organic material in water in the presence of a catalyst which also comprises a compound or element of group IVB of the Periodic Table.

I henhold til en særlig foretrukken udformning af processen ifølge opfindelsen er gruppe IVB forbindelsen Zr02, som er stabil under de høje temperaturer, der anvendes, og som følgelig kan genanvendes.According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, the group IVB compound is ZrO 2, which is stable under the high temperatures used and which can consequently be recycled.

10 Reaktionen udføres fortrinsvis ved en temperatur mel lem 270 og 380"C og under et tryk på fra 15 til 27,4 MPa.The reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature between 270 and 380 ° C and under a pressure of from 15 to 27.4 MPa.

Det organiske materiale opblandes fortrinsvis intimt med vandet. Når der anvendes et fast organisk materiale, såsom kul eller affald, foretrækkes det, at de faste stoffer 15 er til stede i form af små partikler og at reaktionen gennemføres således, at de organiske partikler omdannes til og vedligeholdes i fom af en opslemning.The organic material is preferably intimately mixed with the water. When using a solid organic material, such as coal or waste, it is preferred that the solids 15 be present in the form of small particles and that the reaction be carried out so that the organic particles are converted into and maintained in the form of a slurry.

Ethvert organisk, fast stof kan anvendes, såsom skrald, papir, savsmuld, tørret slam eller andre affaldsma-20 terialer, cellulosevokser, kul, skiferier eller lignende.Any organic solid can be used, such as garbage, paper, sawdust, dried sludge or other waste materials, cellulose waxes, coal, shale or the like.

Også flydende organiske materialer såsom sukker kan anven des.Liquid organic materials such as sugar can also be used.

Vægtforholdet mellem det organiske materiale og vand skal vedligeholdes på et sådant niveau, at der er tilstræk-25 keligt hydrogen til stede fra vandet til at fremme reformeringen og til at forhindre dannelsen af kulstofpartikler eller koks.The weight ratio of the organic material to water must be maintained at such a level that sufficient hydrogen is present from the water to promote the reforming and to prevent the formation of carbon particles or coke.

Generelt vil det organiske materiale udgøre fra 1 til 50% af vandets vægt.In general, the organic material will make up from 1 to 50% by weight of the water.

30 Katalysatoren anvendes fortrinsvis i en mængde sva rende til fra 5 til cirka 30% af vægten af det organiske materiale. Vægtforholdet mellem forbindelser indeholdende stoffer fra gruppe IA og forbindelser indeholdende stoffer fra gruppe IVB er fortrinsvis beliggende i området mellem 35 0,01:1 og 0,5:1.The catalyst is preferably used in an amount corresponding to from 5 to about 30% by weight of the organic material. The weight ratio of compounds containing Group IA substances to compounds containing Group IVB substances is preferably in the range between 0.01: 1 and 0.5: 1.

Processen kan gennemføres enten som en batchproces eller som en kontinuerlig proces.The process can be performed either as a batch process or as a continuous process.

Ved en kontinuerlig proces indføres en reaktionsop-In a continuous process, a reaction process is introduced.

DK 164221 BDK 164221 B

3 slemning eller en flydende blanding af de to reaktanter i reaktoren under varme og tryk, og produktgassen udtages kontinuerligt under højt tryk, hvorved behovet for komprimering af produktgassen elimineres i det tilfælde, hvor den skal 5 anvendes i en højtryksproces.3 slurry or a liquid mixture of the two reactants in the reactor under heat and pressure, and the product gas is taken out continuously under high pressure, whereby the need for compression of the product gas is eliminated in the case where it is to be used in a high pressure process.

Reaktionen kan gennemføres i en cylindrisk reaktor med et indløb til indførelse af udgangsmaterialet ved reaktorens bund og et udløb for den frembragte gas ved reaktorens top og et udløb for vand placeret i den øvre del af re- 10 aktoren.The reaction can be carried out in a cylindrical reactor with an inlet for introducing the starting material at the bottom of the reactor and an outlet for the gas produced at the top of the reactor and an outlet for water located in the upper part of the reactor.

Vandet som udtages gennem det sidstnævnte udløb, recirkuleres fortrinsvis og blandes med organisk materiale, som føres ind.The water taken out through the latter outlet is preferably recycled and mixed with organic material which is introduced.

Det er fordelagtigt at forvarme det organiske materi- 15 ale, f.eks. til en temperatur omkring 100eC, inden det blandes med det recirkulerede vand.It is advantageous to preheat the organic material, e.g. to a temperature of about 100 ° C before mixing with the recycled water.

Processen ifølge opfindelsen er også egnet til omdannelse af giftige organiske materialer, såsom halogenerede hydrocarboner til ikke-giftige forbindelser.The process of the invention is also suitable for the conversion of toxic organic materials, such as halogenated hydrocarbons, to non-toxic compounds.

20 Opfindelsen skal i det følgende beskrives nærmere med henvisning til følgende eksempler.The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the following examples.

Eksempel 1 25 100 g bygstrå blandes med 900 ml Zr02 (i form af tab letter med en diameter på 3 mm og et overfladeareal på 50 2 m /9)# og blandingen indføres i en rørformet reaktor med et rumfang på 2 1. Derefter indføres 500 ml vand og 10 g ^COg deri.Example 1 100 g of barley straw are mixed with 900 ml of ZrO 2 (in the form of losses facilitates with a diameter of 3 mm and a surface area of 50 2 m / 9) # and the mixture is introduced into a tubular reactor with a volume of 2 1. Then introduced 500 ml of water and 10 g of CO 2 therein.

30 Derefter lukkes reaktoren og opvarmes til en tempera tur på 360*C ved et tryk på 22,3 MPa i 5 minutter. Omdannelse af de 100 g bygstrå resulterede i en gas med følgende sammensætning: 4The reactor is then closed and heated to a temperature of 360 ° C at a pressure of 22.3 MPa for 5 minutes. Conversion of the 100 g of barley straw resulted in a gas having the following composition:

DK 164221 BDK 164221 B

C02 59,9 % (W/W) H2 0,2 % (W/W)CO2 59.9% (W / W) H2 0.2% (W / W)

Ci-C4 hydrocarboner 2,8 % (W/W)C1-C4 hydrocarbons 2.8% (W / W)

Metanol 21,0 % (W/W) 5 Ætanol 6,8 % (W/W)Methanol 21.0% (W / W) Ethanol 6.8% (W / W)

Acetone 4,0 % (W/W)Acetone 4.0% (W / W)

Propanol 3,0 % (W/W)Propanol 3.0% (W / W)

Butanol 2,0 % (W/W) 10 Ialt 100,3 % (W/W)Butanol 2.0% (W / W) 10 Total 100.3% (W / W)

Reaktoren indeholdt ingen tjære, olie, koks eller andre faste nedbrydningsprodukter.The reactor contained no tar, oil, coke or other solid decomposition products.

15 Eksempel 2 320 g spildevand svarende til 100 g tørt slam blev opblandet med 900 ml af den samme katalysator som beskrevet under eksempel 1 og 12 g K2C03 i 380 g H20 og blandingen blev over-20 ført til den ovenfor nævnte reaktor og afprøvet under samme forhold som nævnt i eksempel 1. 100 g tørret slam gav følgende udbytte: C02 = 29,0 g CO = 0,05 g, H2 = 0,1 g hydrocarboner - 1,1 g. Der dannedes mindre end 1% alkoholer, og i kondensatet fandtes ca. 23 g andre organiske stoffer.Example 2 320 g of waste water corresponding to 100 g of dry sludge were mixed with 900 ml of the same catalyst as described under Example 1 and 12 g of K 2 CO 3 in 380 g of H 2 O and the mixture was transferred to the above-mentioned reactor and tested under the same ratio as mentioned in Example 1. 100 g of dried sludge gave the following yield: CO 2 = 29.0 g CO = 0.05 g, H 2 = 0.1 g of hydrocarbons - 1.1 g. Less than 1% of alcohols were formed, and in the condensate there were approx. 23 g other organic substances.

25 Der blev ikke aflejret kulstof, koks eller tjære på katalysatoren eller reaktorvæggen.No carbon, coke or tar was deposited on the catalyst or reactor wall.

Eksempel 3 30 Denne afprøvning blev gennemført for at vise, at op findelsen også kan anvendes til omdannelse af giftige organiske forbindelser i spildevand til gasser og andre ikke-giftige, organiske forbindelser. Afprøvningen blev gennemført i en rørformet reaktor med et rumfang på 680 ml. 2,2 1 35 af en vandig opløsning afExample 3 This test was carried out to show that the invention can also be used for the conversion of toxic organic compounds in waste water into gases and other non-toxic organic compounds. The test was carried out in a tubular reactor with a volume of 680 ml. 2.2 1 35 of an aqueous solution of

Triklorætan 0,14 % (W/W)Trichloroethane 0.14% (W / W)

Nitrobenzen 0,13 % (W/W) 5Nitrobenzene 0.13% (W / W) 5

Klorfenol 0,14 % (W/W) og 2 % (W/W) l^COg blev indført i reaktoren, der anvendtes i eksempel 3 og blev opvarmet til en temperatur på 360’C ved 5 et tryk på 22,8 MPa under tilstedeværelse af 650 ml Zr02 med et overfladeareal på 4 m2/g og en partikelstørrelse på fra 2 til 5 mm. Afprøvningen gav følgende data for omdannelsen:Chlorophenol 0.14% (W / W) and 2% (W / W) 10 CO 2 were introduced into the reactor used in Example 3 and heated to a temperature of 360 ° C at a pressure of 22.8 MPa. in the presence of 650 ml of ZrO 2 with a surface area of 4 m2 / g and a particle size of from 2 to 5 mm. The test provided the following data for the conversion:

Triklorætan 100% omdannelse 10 Nitrobenzen 100% omdannelseTrichloroethane 100% conversion Nitrobenzene 100% conversion

Klorfenol 83% omdannelseChlorophenol 83% conversion

Sammenlignende eksempel 15 100 g bygstrå og 630 ml vand indeholdende 12,6 g K2C03 blev placeret i en reaktor som beskrevet i eksempel 1. Afprøvningen blev udført som beskrevet i eksempel 1 og følgende udbytte blev opnået. C02 = 24 g, CO = 0,3 g, H2 = 0,6 g C^-C^hydrocarboner = 4,6 g. 14 g af andre organiske stof-20 fer blev fundet i kondensatet. Ved åbning af reaktoren fandt man, at hele reaktorens væg var dækket med koks. Det afsatte koks svarede til 5,2 g kulstof eller 12% af den totale mængde kulstof i det indførte materiale.Comparative Example 15 100 g of barley straw and 630 ml of water containing 12.6 g of K 2 CO 3 were placed in a reactor as described in Example 1. The test was carried out as described in Example 1 and the following yield was obtained. CO 2 = 24 g, CO = 0.3 g, H 2 = 0.6 g C 1 -C 4 hydrocarbons = 4.6 g. 14 g of other organic substances were found in the condensate. Upon opening the reactor, it was found that the entire wall of the reactor was covered with coke. The coke deposited corresponded to 5.2 g of carbon or 12% of the total amount of carbon in the introduced material.

Claims (7)

1. Katalytisk proces til omdannelse af et organisk mate-5 riale til en gas ved opvarmning af det organiske materiale i vand i flydende tilstand til en temperatur på fra 200 til 450*C ved et tryk på mellem 5 og 35,5 MPa under tilstedeværelse af en katalysator omfattende forbindelser af et element i gruppe IA i det periodiske system, 10 kendetegnet ved, at katalysatoren tillige indeholder en forbindelse af et element af gruppen IVB i det periodiske system.A catalytic process for converting an organic material into a gas by heating the organic material in liquid water to a temperature of from 200 to 450 ° C at a pressure of between 5 and 35.5 MPa in the presence of a catalyst comprising compounds of an element of group IA of the periodic table, characterized in that the catalyst also contains a compound of an element of group IVB of the periodic table. 2. Proces ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at forbindelsen i gruppe IVB er 15 zirkoniumdioxyd.Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the compound in group IVB is zirconia. 3. Proces ifølge krav 1 eller 2, kendetegnet ved, at reaktionen gennemføres ved en temperatur på fra 270 til 380eC.Process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reaction is carried out at a temperature of from 270 to 380 ° C. 4. Proces ifølge krav 1-3, 20 kendetegnet ved, at reaktionen gennemføres under et tryk på fra 15 til 27,4 MPa.Process according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the reaction is carried out under a pressure of from 15 to 27.4 MPa. 5. ’ Proces ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene 1-4, kendetegnet ved, at det organiske materiale omfatter fra ca. 1 til ca. 50 vægt% vand.Process according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the organic material comprises from approx. 1 to approx. 50% by weight of water. 6. Proces ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene 1-5, kendetegnet ved, at katalysatoren anvendes i en mængde på fra 5 til ca. 30 vægt% af det organiske materiale.Process according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the catalyst is used in an amount of from 5 to approx. 30% by weight of the organic material. 7. Proces ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene 1-6, kendetegnet ved, at vægtforholdet mellem forbin-30 delserne i henhold til gruppe IA og forbindelserne i henhold' til gruppe IVB er i området mellem 0,01:1 og 0,5:1.Process according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the weight ratio between the compounds according to group IA and the compounds according to group IVB is in the range between 0.01: 1 and 0.5 : 1.
DK195290A 1988-03-02 1990-08-16 GASIFICATION PROCESS DK164221C (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK195290A DK164221C (en) 1988-03-02 1990-08-16 GASIFICATION PROCESS

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3806732 1988-03-02
DE3806732A DE3806732A1 (en) 1988-03-02 1988-03-02 METHOD FOR GASIFICATION OF ORGANIC MATERIAL IN SYNTHESEGAS OR GASOFMY OR LIQUID HYDROCARBONS OR FOR REMOVING ORGANIC MATERIAL IN WASTEWATER
PCT/DK1989/000048 WO1989008138A1 (en) 1988-03-02 1989-03-02 Gasification process
DK8900048 1989-03-02
DK195290 1990-08-16
DK195290A DK164221C (en) 1988-03-02 1990-08-16 GASIFICATION PROCESS

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DK195290D0 DK195290D0 (en) 1990-08-16
DK195290A DK195290A (en) 1990-08-16
DK164221B true DK164221B (en) 1992-05-25
DK164221C DK164221C (en) 1992-10-19

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DK195290D0 (en) 1990-08-16
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