DK163941B - Arrangement for measuring the quantity of heat emitted into a room by a heating element and for simultaneous regulation of the flow of the heat transfer medium through the heating element - Google Patents

Description

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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to a device of the kind set forth in the preamble of claim 1 for measuring the amount of heat supplied by a heating element to a room and at the same time regulating the flow of liquid flowing through the heating element to control the room temperature. Such a device comprises a volume flow regulator / allowing passage of a constant heat carrier current, and one from a signal generator, e.g. a room thermostat, via a control valve pre-controlled and by the liquid stream energy activated on-off valve for shut-off or opening of the heat carrier current. Further, there is a thermocouple for the heater reciprocating flow and an electronics unit which determines the amount of heat by integrating the values converted into an electric value for the temperature differences during the open time of the on-valve.

Such a device is known from EP-A-0018 566 on the basis of application number 80 102 118.9. While the prior art device primarily solves the problem of regulating a heat carrier current and simultaneously measuring the amount of heat delivered, it is too inaccurate and expensive, especially in manufacturing and installation. The regulator element of the volume flow regulator here consists of a dosing slidable in a cylindrical tube, whereby errors and deviations due to corrosion and dirt deposits can occur especially in the case of heavily soiled hot water. At worst, the sliding control components can be wedged.

At such a piston regulator due to friction, a high working pressure is also necessary, so that 30 high pump pressures are required. Also, the on-off valve fitted with a movable valve piston can easily be wedged in contaminated hot water and, when opening and closing this on-off valve, losses can occur due to measurement errors.

It is an object of the invention to provide a device of the kind set forth in the preamble, which, in practical use, functions reliably and is, above all, unaffected by dirt, is long-term stable, accurate and, in addition,

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2 is operated at low working pressure and minimal consumption of electrical energy.

This is achieved by means of a device of the kind mentioned in the preamble of the invention in that the volume flow regulator comprises at least two in series coupled control steps, each of which is arranged with a control chamber and with a diaphragm actuated and separated by a spring pressure membrane. the heat carrier flow through flow regulating shame with one of the instantaneous fluctuations of the diaphragm dependent flow cross section, where the heat carrier supply line is on one side directly connected to the control chamber of the first control stage and on the other hand via means for pressure drop generating ring flow through the first control circuit flow circuit 15 input and with the second control stage control chamber, and that the on-valve control valve includes a bistable adjusting means adapted for switching the valve body of the control valve by means of electromagnetis requiring only minimal electrical energy k switching element which is connected to the signal transducer and the electronics unit.

By controlling the volume flow regulator means as diaphragm valves, sliding control elements in the heat carrier medium are avoided and the control elements are no longer at risk of being subjected to high friction or wedging due to soiling. The diaphragm valve can work at very low pressure differences in a large working area and consists of only a few simple structural parts.

By means of the special adjustable member of the control valve, the movable valve body of the control valve is held in place without consuming electrical energy in its two end positions of the holding elements, so that the bistable adjusting member's electromagnetic adjustment element only has to adjust the valve body itself, which has small dimensions. . The on-off valve is switched 3

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by utilizing the heat carrier's own energy, therefore, only a very small electrical energy is required to initiate the setting pulse for switching the on-off valve.

Thereby, the device can be operated for a long time using only a small auxiliary battery, which simultaneously supplies the electronics unit.

By connecting the electromagnetic switching element to the signal transducer and the electronics unit, the response of the electromagnetic switching element to the signals obtained from a room temperature sensor by comparison between the set reference value and the instantaneous measured value can easily be combined with a time control.

In a further embodiment according to the invention of the device, with two diaphragm valves, connected in series in the volume flow regulator, where these valves are arranged in a common housing and where a reducing or throttle valve is arranged and arranged to cooperate with the control element, and preferably also the on-off valve is in the form of a diaphragm valve with a diaphragm which, together with the two flow stage regulator stages, is arranged one after the other in a common heat carrier flow passage housing, and that a pressure difference is formed by at least one of the diaphragm flow valve diaphragm valves via the In series prior to this disposed control diaphragm valve, which acts as a reduction or throttle valve, a compact system is obtainable which can be placed in a single housing and which in itself integrates the hydraulic elements for both the heat flow measurement and the control of the heat output delivered by the heat carrier. The two control steps and the on-off valve are also designed to be particularly simple in construction and placed over one another in the housing, and to provide displacement of the easily moving large surface membranes, only small adjusting forces are required.

In a further embodiment according to the invention 35 of the device, that of the volume flow regulator is 4

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conduit flow rate adapted to be adjusted via an adjustable or interchangeable reduction or throttle valve, and the set flow rate for the heat carrier is introduced automatically or upon entering the electronics unit when performing the heat flow measurement, and the reduction or throttle valve is preferably a sharp drop. according to claim 9. In this way it is possible to adjust the heat carrier current flowing through the heater in accordance with the reduction or throttle valve setting 10 used to the required heat output at the present time, and at the same time information on the set flow rate is transmitted to the electronics unit, so that for use in the heat flow measurement, the correct flow value is available.

Conveniently, the pressure differential is formed by at least one of the volume flow regulator stage by means of the series of regulating steps arranged in front of this, which are designed as a reducing or throttle member, such that a fine reference control base is provided as a variable reference pressure.

By assembling all valve construction parts according to claim 5 of the invention into a single compact valve unit, which is provided with conventional heat conduit connections and carries a cover with the electronics unit and indicator and setting elements, this compact device can be easily mounted on the heating line instead. for a conventional valve.

Heat carrier is the current and thus the room temperature is suitably regulated according to claim 6 according to the invention by means of an adjustable thermostat which gives signals to open or close the on-valve and is connected to a control device in the electronics unit.

If the thermostat control size or reference value is automatically subject to change over time in accordance with a predetermined program, the thermostat's re- (continued page 4A)

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4A

ference value is automatically subjected to conversion to predetermined values, depending on time, by means of the control unit of the electronics unit. For this purpose, preprogramming can be done by means of the user selectable 5 control programs / alternatively, the user can by means of a microprocessor included in the electronics unit compose a control program by composing sub-programs.

The energy supply of the device according to claim 710 according to the invention can take place by means of solar cells or by semiconductor thermocouples which convert energy from the heat carrier into electrical energy, thereby avoiding the incorporation of an auxiliary battery in the device.

The device may in a specific embodiment according to claim 8 according to the invention be provided with a flow indicator which gives a signal to the electronics unit to indicate heat carrier flow or state.

(continued page 5) 5

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With this flow indicator, the integration of the temperature difference values from the thermocouples can be started by indicating flow and stopped by indicating the stationary heat carrier, i.e. when the on-off valve is shut off.

5 The amount of heat can thus be determined in a simple way.

In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a non-limiting embodiment and with reference to the drawing, in which: FIG. 1 shows the exterior of a concrete embodiment of the device according to the invention; FIG. 2 shows a device according to the invention installed or arranged in connection with a heating element; FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the device according to the invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the device according to the invention; FIG. 5 is a longitudinal section through a concrete embodiment of the passage housing in a device 20 according to the invention; and FIG. 6 the construction of a magnetic system.

The device according to the invention consists of a compact unit 101 with a passage housing 102, through which the heat carrier flows and in which the mechanical details, in particular valve elements and electromagnetic components for the device according to the invention, are arranged. Further, the unit 101 comprises a housing portion 103 which accommodates the electronics, display and setting or programming elements. The passage housing 102 is provided with two connections 104 30 for the inlet and the outlet, where only the outlet of FIG. 1 is visible. With these connections, the device according to the invention in the illustrated embodiment can be mounted in the inlet 106 to a heating element 107 in a heating system in exactly the same way as a conventional valve, cf. FIG. 2. The unit 35 101 is provided with a conduit 108 at the end of which an electric thermocouple 109 is disposed in a terminal or the like.

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housing 102 which can be attached to the return line 111 from the heating element 107. The housing 102 contains an additional thermocouple which is not shown in detail with which the inlet temperature of the line 106 to the heating element 107 can be measured directly. Various types of thermometers can be used, for example resistance sensors, thermocouples or preferably electronic current sensors, which emit a current signal proportional to the absolute temperature and which can be connected in series, so that one can directly reach the temperature difference between the supply and the return flow. 106, 111 proportional current signal. If desired, by means of active thermocouples, for example Peltier elements, optionally with connection of a buffer accumulator, the electrical energy required for the device's electronics can be generated from the thermal energy in the heat carrier current to which the measurement relates.

The housing part 103 which holds the electronics is provided with a display 112, by means of which the energy consumed or delivered by the heating element 107 can be indicated and read, for example in relative units. Furthermore, there is provided a setting device 113 for a thermostat, by means of which the room set or desired temperature or the set temperature of the set temperature can be set or preselected. A room temperature sensor 114, which measures the instantaneous temperature of the room 25, is integrated into the housing portion 103. These measurement values are compared with the current set temperature for regulating the flow in the passage housing 102 to the heating element 107. In addition to the adjusting device 113 integrated in the housing part, a means 113 'for remotely adjusting the set value and / or a remote temperature sensor 114', as indicated in FIG. 2nd

In FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the device 101. In the inlet 106 to the heating element 107, in the common 35 through housing 102 of the heat carrier, first a valve system 61 7

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for blocking or opening the heat carrier flow through, wherein the valve system 61 consists of a main valve 62 designed as an on-off valve and a control valve 63. The control valve 63 is controlled by a control device 78 5 on the basis of a comparison of the current control value size in this device. or the current set value which has been set with the setting device 113 and the actual value from the room temperature sensor 114. Instead of the setting device 113 10 and the room temperature sensor 114, for example, a control program can be used to supply control signals. In detail, the control of the heat carrier flow occurs in a way that will be explained in greater detail later. The valve system 61 is followed by the volume flow controller 1 which, depending on the setting of an adjustable reduction or throttle valve 8 by means of a control stage 6 and a subsequent control stage 16 acting as a compensation stage, conducts a constant volume or volume flow through to the outlet 3 and thus to the heating element 107.

The passage housing 102 also includes a flow indicator 58 which determines whether a heat carrier controlled by the volume flow regulator is present in the inlet line 106 or whether the flow is stopped by the valve system 61.

The information measured by the flow sensor 58 is passed to the electronics unit 117 in the housing part 103. The same applies to the temperature values measured by the thermal sensors 109 and 118 in the return 111 of the heating element 107 and inlet 106. The information thus obtained is then processed with taking into account the setting of the reduction valve or the throttle valve, ie the predetermined flow in, for example, digital form in the electronics unit 117. The result or sum of the measurements is then shown on the display 112. The device 101 according to the invention thus determines the total amount of energy delivered by an individual energy consumer, in this case 8 the heating element 107 / where the amounts of energy / to be delivered, regulated or controlled preset with regulator 78.

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The mechanical 5 and electronic control units common to the passage housing 102 are schematically shown in FIG. 4th

The valve unit 61 for shut-off or open to a flow of liquid in a heating system, respectively, has a main valve 62 and a control part 63 with a control valve, as shown in FIG. 4 only seen in principle sketch. The main valve 10 62 comprises a diaphragm 64, which with its outer edge is fixed in the wall to an outer housing or an invisible insert. The diaphragm 64 is only in a ring portion of the rolling zone M as shown in FIG. 5 is resiliently resilient and constructed as an actual diaphragm, but is provided with a rigid, disc-shaped valve cover 71. In the central portion of the support zone, an annular valve seat 72 cooperates with or extends to the valve cover 71 on the side facing inlet 49 of the diaphragm 64. The valve cover 71, cf. also fig. 4, is pressed by a ring or coil spring 73 against the valve seat 72. When the valve cap 71 abuts against the valve seat 72, the main valve 62 is shut off and no flow from the inlet 2 to an outlet 2 'to the volume flow controller 1.

A bypass line or connection 52 extends from the inlet 2 to a chamber 55 on the side facing away from the valve seat 25 72 of the diaphragm 64. Similarly, a bypass line 54 extends from the chamber 55 to the outlet 2 '. An aperture opening 65, in front of which is fitted a filter 66, is arranged in the bypass line 52, which may be formed as a channel through the valve cover 71 as described later.

The control portion 63 located in the bypass line 54 comprises a valve by means of which the bypass line 54 from the chamber 55 to the outlet 2 'can be opened or closed. An injector-like connection 67 from the connecting or bypass conduit 54 to the outlet 2 'is formed such that liquid 35 located in the bypass conduit 54 as liquid flows from the inlet 2 through the main valve 62 to the outlet 2', 9

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is driven by the principle of the injector so that a negative pressure is formed in the conduit 54 and at the opened guide part 63 in the chamber 55.

It is now assumed that the valve unit 61 and thus 5 e.g. the pressure in front of the main valve 62 is P1 'and at the outlet 2' P1, where P1 is lower than P1 '. In this locked position, the control portion 63 is also blocked. The pressure P1 "in the chamber 55 is therefore offset via the aperture 65 with the pressure P1 'at the inlet 10 2. On the side facing away from the diaphragm 64 away from the valve seat 72, the pressure P1 acts in addition to the force of the spring 73".

On the side of the diaphragm 64 facing the valve seat 72, pressures P11 and P1 act on corresponding partial surfaces. While P1 is the lowest pressure of the valve assembly 61, the forces acting from the chamber 55 on the diaphragm 64 are always greater than those acting from the valve seat side, so that in this case the valve remains blocked.

If the control part 63 with the control valve is opened by means of a switching pulse, in which the control valve 20, like its opening course, will be described in the following, the pressure P1 "drops in the chamber 55 and joins with a minimum pressure drop to the pressure P1 at the outlet 2 '. that the aperture opening 65 has a smaller cross-section than the passage 76 in Fig. 5, the chamber 55 cannot be filled sufficiently quickly via the bypass line 52, and therefore a pressure difference is formed between the inlet 2 with the pressure P1 'and the chamber 55 with the pressure P1 ". . In this way, the pressure P1 'is capable of lifting the valve cover 71 from the valve seat 72 already and with a small pressure difference P1' - P1 ', thus opening the main valve 62. As a result of the injector-like connection 67 of the bypass line 54 to the outlet 2'. moreover, it can be achieved that the pressure P1 "in the chamber 55 becomes less than the pressure P1 at the outlet 2 ', so that the on-off valve 62, as soon as it is opened, remains confidently open or kept open.

When the valve system 61 is to be shut off and thus the liquid flow from the inlet 2 to the outlet 2 'must be switched off, the control valve of the control part 63 is shut off with a pulse. In the chamber 55 10

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there is thereby a negative pressure due to the initially prevailing pressure difference between the inlet 2 and the pressure P1 'and the lower pressure P1 "in the chamber 55, so that the pressure P1" in the chamber 55 via the aperture 65 gradually approaches the pressure P1 'until the forces on diaphragm 64 from pressure P1 "in chamber 55 and spring 73 overcome the counteracting forces from pressure P1' at inlet 2 and P1 at outlet 2 '. As a result, the main valve 62 is shut off. , even if there is no flow at the same time as it prevents the membrane 64 from going into oscillations.

In the illustrated embodiment, the shut-off and opening of the flow through the valve system is controlled by the flow indicator designed as a non-contact switching means, which determines whether the heat carrier is flowing or standing still. For this purpose, in the illustrated embodiment, a tongue switch 56 is disposed above the valve diaphragm 64. A permanent magnet 57 which, by changes in the distance to the tongue switch 56 by the movements of the diaphragm 64, switches the tongue of the switch. placed in the center of the membrane 64, i.e. on its lid. Valve system 61 outlet 2 'leads as inlet 2' to the volume flow controller 1 with a first regulating step 6 and a regulating stage 25 acting as compensation step 16. When valve system 61 is open, a constant flow from the inlet 2 and the inlet 21 of the volume flow controller 1 must occur. to the outlet 3 independently of the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet. The inlet 2 'leads to one side of the membrane 4 in the diaphragm valve designated as control step 6. The membrane 4 is therefore loaded on its side facing the inlet with the prevailing pressure P1. A branch line 7 passes through an adjustable reduction or throttle valve 8 which reduces the pressure P1 to a pressure P2 on the other side of the control stage 6 1 s diaphragm 4.

The regulation step 6 comprises a generally plan

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11 * membrane 4, which with its edge is attached to a cartridge insertable in an outer housing (not shown). The membrane 4 is only resiliently resiliently formed in an annular zone and formed as an actual membrane. In its center portion, it has a rigid plate-shaped valve cap 11. On the side of the diaphragm 4 facing away from the inlet 21, the valve cap 11 interacts with an annular valve seat 12 which is firmly connected to the cartridge 9. The valve seat 12 encloses only a small portion of the total , of the cartridge enclosed flat. The valve cover 10 11 is pushed away from the valve seat 12 by a spring 13 which is pressed against the valve seat 12. The variable passage between the valve cover 11 and the valve seat 12 acts as an adjustable reduction or throttle valve, so that the pressure prevailing in the chamber enclosed by the valve seat 12 15 malt becomes smaller than the pressure P2. On the side of the diaphragm facing away from the supply, forces then are determined, which are determined partly by the pressure P2 and P3 and partly by the surfaces affected by these pressures.

In series with the control step 6, there is followed by a further control step 16. It should be noted here that although the control step 16 as shown schematically in FIG. 4 is shown corresponding to the control stage 6, its dimensions can usually differ greatly from the dimensions of the control stage 6. The control step 16, in the same way as the control step 6, comprises a diaphragm 14 with a diaphragm lid 21 which cooperates with a valve seat 22. Unless the pressure conditions force otherwise, the diaphragm lid 21 is pushed away from the valve seat 22 by a spring 23. The chamber in the valve 16 which does not contain the spring 23 and the valve seat 30 22 is directly connected to the chamber on the other side of the diaphragm 4 which contains the spring 12 and the associated valve seat. In both of these interconnected chambers the same pressure P2 prevails. From the chamber within the cross-sectional valve seat 12, a connection 17 extends to the 35 chamber surrounding the control stage 16's valve seat 22 on the diaphragm 14 facing the valve seat 22. Pressure 12

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in this outer chamber, then, the same thing that prevails inside the valve seat 12, i.e. P3. The control valve 6 thus functions as a variable reduction or throttle valve for the cascade 16 in accordance with the setting 5 of the reduction or throttle valve 8 of the control stage 6.

At the outflow 3 of the volume flow regulator 1, in the illustrated embodiment, the same pressure P4 as in the valve seat 22 is provided, provided that no further adjustable reduction or throttle valves exist or for control step 16 corresponding to the regulation stage 10 between the outlet 3 and the valve seat 22. The adjustable throttle valve 8 may consist of a fixed throttle device which can be displaced in such a manner as to a movable throttle device together to provide a variable throttle, preferably formed with sharp edges.

It is particularly convenient to design the throttle devices with round boundary lines which, especially with small throttle devices, should preferably form circular holes, i.e. with large surface and small and round boundary line.

For example, the resulting very small throttle openings may be semi-circular and semi-square. The sharp-edged and relatively round shape of the throttle opening prevents the area of the opening from being altered by dirt coating. Replaceable circular throttle inserts can be used in place of the displaceable throttle assembly. This allows 25 with a single type of control unit and different throttle inserts to stock a large range of volume flow regulators with different flow values.

In FIG. 5, a compact embodiment of a device according to the invention is shown with a volume flow regulator 1 and an integrated bistable on-valve system 61. The entire unit is arranged in an outer housing 31, which is provided with a connection 32 for the inlet 2. and an outlet connection 33 for the outlet 3. The valves 6, 16 of the volume flow regulator 1, as well as the valve system 61, are arranged in the cartridge 9 inserted in the housing 31.

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The inlet 2 here leads to a cannons 34. On the other side of the chamber 34 is arranged a diaphragm vent 1 s 6 diaphragm 4. The diaphragm 4, with its periphery, is firmly clamped in the cartridge 9, while its central part is formed as a stiff valve lid 11. On the side of the valve cover 11 facing away from the chamber 34 is a valve seat 12f which is also fixedly mounted in the cartridge 9. The valve seat 12 has the shape of the surface of a cone stub which points in the direction towards the valve cover 11. The spring 13 can abut against the valve member 11. 10, the widest part of the seat 12, without hindering its movements by the risk of contact in the middle part of the valve seat. The end of the spring 13 away from the valve seat 12 presses against the valve cover 11, thereby holding the valve open when no pressure differences exist. The chamber 34 is connected to a side chamber 36 via holes not shown in such a way that the pressure in the chamber 36 becomes the same pressure P1 prevailing in the chamber 34. The chamber 36 is via the reduction or throttle valve adjustable by a handle 37 8 connected to a valve seat 12 surrounding ring chamber 38, 20 whose pressure P2 is lower than the pressure P1. In the inner chamber 39 bounded by the valve seat 12 from the annular chamber 38 in the valve seat 12, a pressure P3, which depends on the opening degree of the valve 6 determined by the pressure conditions and is lower than P2, prevails. A further diaphragm valve 16 is placed directly 25 above the diaphragm valve 6, whereby the construction is compact with low building height in that the valves are designed precisely as diaphragm valves. The diaphragm valve 16 has a diaphragm 14 which is clamped at its outer edge by means of parts connected to the cartridge 9 and provided in its center portion 30 with a valve cover 21. The diaphragm 14 separates a chamber 44 from an annular chamber 48 which also surrounds a valve seat 22 at least partially configured as a cone surface 22, which encloses an inner chamber 49. The outer portion of the valve seat 22 forms abutment for the spring 23 which, with its other end, abuts against the valve cover 21 and presses it 14

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► away from the valve seat when no pressure difference loads the valve cover.

The chamber 44 is connected to the annulus 38 via channels 51, while the inner chamber 39 of the valve seat 12 is connected to the annulus 48 above the diaphragm 14 via connecting zones 50. The inner chamber 49 which the valve seat 22 defines from the annulus 48 and which has a lower pressure P4 than the pressure P3 in the annulus 48 is connected to the outlet 3 of the housing 31 via the on-off valve system 61 and the cartridge, in particular via the gap 53 between the outer wall of the cartridge 9 and the inside of the housing 31. The volume flow regulator according to the invention is also the contactless flow indicator 58 integrated at this location. For this purpose, the tongue switch 56 is positioned below the valve cover 11. In the middle 15 of the valve cover 11 is a permanent magnet 57 which, by varying its distance from the tongue switch, changes the tongue switch 56 depending on the movements of the valve cover 11.

The entire valve assembly 61 is also disposed in the common housing 31. The inlet chamber 49 is surrounded by the valve seat 72, which in turn is surrounded by a portion of the outlet 53 in the form of a ring channel. Above the valve seat 72, a diaphragm 64 with valve cover 72 is provided. Diaphragm 64 is pressed by spring 73 against valve seat 72. From FIG. 5, in particular, it can be seen that the bypass line 52 from the inlet 49 to the chamber 55 comprises a hole 65 arranged in the valve cover 71 which is flow-wise according to the filter 66. The Pra chamber 55 extends a narrow passage 76 to that of FIG. 4, which in the concrete embodiment of FIG. 5 first 30 is in the form of a further chamber 54 and then before the injector connection 67 is formed as a ring chamber.

The control part 63 with the control valve 77, to which the passage 76 belongs, is according to the invention carried out as follows: The control part 63 firstly comprises a control device 78, which via control pulses Y, for example produced in response to temperature changes respectively.

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15, the bistable magnetic system 79 controls a valve piston 81 via an anchor 82 disposed thereon in such a way that the passage 5 76 is either blocked or open. When a rod 81 is in its lower position, the passage 76 and thus the control valve 77 is blocked. On the other hand, when the rod 81 with its anchor 82 is in its upper position, the passage 76 and thus the control valve 77 is open. In order for the magnet system to draw as little energy as possible and consume only energy during the conversion itself, without consuming anyone to hold the rod 81 in its two positions, the piston or rod 81 is in this case connected to an auxiliary spring 83, which in its at a distance from the end of the piston 81 is secured in a bracket 84. The auxiliary spring 83 is tasked, when the control valve 77 is locked, to press it with sufficient force, a few grams, against the valve seat and thereby hold it tight. In principle, this function can also be achieved without auxiliary springs, for example by means of a small permanent magnet disposed at the outlet 76 which pulls a ferro-magnetically shaped rod 81 towards the valve seat. In such an embodiment, the control valve 77 or rod 81 can be retained in both end positions with a small permanent magnet at each end and switched between the two positions 25 by magnetic pulses from the electromagnetic system. The auxiliary spring 83 may alternatively be configured as a snap spring with two bistable positions corresponding to the open and closed positions of the control valve 77, respectively. When the control valve 77 is in one of its two end positions, i.e.

30 in either the closed or open position, and maintained in this position by the snap spring 83, in both cases the magnetically tuned need only overcome the holding power of the spring 83 to change the position of the valve. If the magnetic system does this, the spring 83 springs to its second bistable position and switches the control valve 77 to its second position, i.e. from the open to the closed 16

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»Position or vice versa.

By reliably holding valve 77 in both of its positions with auxiliary springs / snap springs or permanent magnets, solenoid 79 requires only switching energy, but not energy to hold control valve 77 in any of its positions. The total energy consumption then becomes so small that such a bistable valve can be operated for a whole year with two small cheap auxiliary batteries of size LR 6.

The complete valve system 61 operates in the manner already described in connection with FIG. 4 and the function is not repeated here.

An embodiment of a bistable magnetic system 79 can be seen in FIG. 6. The magnetic switch 79 comprises a magnetic circuit with a U-shaped yoke 86 and the movable anchors 82 connected to the one shown in FIG. 5, the body portion 87 of the yoke 86 is usually enclosed by the magnet coil 88. While in particular the yoke 86 is made of magnetically soft material, a permanent magnet 91 is inserted between the legs of the yoke 86. The magnetic field and force ratios are calculated as follows. the permanent magnet 91 at non-magnet coil 88 holds the anchor 82 with the valve piston 81 safe and reliable in the embodiment of FIG. 6 with fully drawn lines at the two legs 89 of the yoke 86 at the same time 25 at the same time that this force must be less than that required to pull the anchor away from the one shown in FIG. 6 in dotted line.

Now, if a magnetic field counteracting the field in the permanent magnet formed via the anchor circuit is provided by energizing the magnet coil 88 which cancels the permanent magnet field, the anchor will at least fall from the yoke 89, thereby in one embodiment having a the auxiliary spring compensating field can overcome the permanent magnet field sufficiently for the auxiliary spring 83 to push the valve 77 to the closed position. In principle, however, it may be sufficient that anchor 82 be affected by gravity in addition to said 17

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magnetic fields.

If the solenoid coil 88 is energized in such a way that its field amplifies the permanent magnet field, the anchor is pulled away from the closed position of the valve shown in dotted line to the fully drawn open position of FIG. 6, where the force of a snap spring or conventional spring and / or gravity in the case in question is simultaneously overcome. After the magnet coil 88 has been de-magnetized, the anchor is retained in the 10 shown in FIG. 6 fully drawn upper position. The magnetic field is enhanced by the fact that the leg 89 of the yoke has a portion 90 of reduced cross section.

It should be noted here that the bistable control member may alternatively have, for example, magnetic and mechanical bistable elements or a mechanical bistable element, such as a snap spring with a conventional magnetic system or a bistable magnetic system with a mechanical force acting in a direction such as a conventional spring. or gravity, although the above described embodiments are preferred.

The described mode of operation of the valve system 81 can be achieved with the bistable control part 63 shown, in that the switching requires only a small switching energy and the switching positions are maintained without energy consumption.

25 In the following, the preferred embodiment of the on-valve system 61 is explained in more detail.

The throttle hole 65 must be selected as small as possible, for example with a diameter of 0.5 mm, preferably between 0.3 and 0.6 mm, so that only very small quantities of liquid can pass. However, the hole 65 must not be clogged with dirt. Therefore, it is performed partly with a circular shape and sharp knife-like swirling edges on which dirt cannot form deposits, and flow-wise before the hole is applied a filter 66. This filter 66 has a large area compared to the low liquid volume, so that it does not even exceed much long time can be clogged completely 18 * with pollution particles. The filter is conveniently divided into two zones where flow only passes through one zone.

In the flow zone, the flow gives some self-cleaning effect, while the second zone, by the flow rate being almost zero, is not exposed to any significant soiling. The flow-free zone of the filter is preferably placed at the top, so that heavier dirt particles cannot be carried. Depending on the nature of the contaminants, one or the other of the two zones may prove to be the least contaminant prone. However, both zones are so large that, for many years, they can safely handle sufficient flow to the small nozzle or nozzle hole 65. Filter 66 may also be provided with a multi-fold filter system to provide a larger filter area on the confined area. space. The filter consists of non-ferromagnetic material, such as plastic tissue or bronze. It can be a very thin sintered filter or a filter tissue. The pore size of the filter is preferably set at 5-10 times smaller than the filter opening.

The passage 76 at the control valve 77 must be selected clearly larger than the throttle opening 65. The diameter of the passage 76 is preferably between 1-2 mm, so that the area ratio between the passage 76 and the throttle opening 65 is between 5 and 10.

From the above, it can be seen that, if desired, the serial connection of the 25 on-valve system 61 and the volume flow regulator 1 can be performed in reverse order while maintaining the compact structure. Likewise, the flow indicator 54 can be optionally placed within wide frames.

Control of the flow of the heat carrier to and through the heating element 107 and the constant holding of the flow through an open-on-valve system are as follows: With the setting device 113 a desired temperature value is set for the space in which the heating element 107 is placed or a program is selected for the desired temperature, also called the set temperature. In the controller 78, the room temperature is then measured instantaneously

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di with the room temperature sensor 114 and is compared with the set temperature. If the instantaneous value passes the instantaneous set value, the controller outputs a switching pulse to valve system 61, which pulse is an opening pulse if the actual temperature value drops below the desired temperature value, and a cut-off pulse if the actual temperature value exceeds the desired temperature value.

Assuming now that the main valve 62 of the valve system 61 has been opened on it in connection with FIG.

4 illustrates a switching pulse from the controller 78 and thus the path from the chamber 49 to the ring channel 53 of FIG. 5 is open, the volume flow controller 1 functions as follows: 15 When the chamber 34 is not pressurized due to no liquid being supplied through the inlet 2, the diaphragm valve 6 is in its fully open position while the diaphragm 4 is only actuated by the spring 13, pushed away from the valve seat 12. In operation, a system 20 builds up pressure P1 before the volume flow regulator 1. After the volume flow regulator, a pressure P4 is determined by the flow resistance through the consuming apparatus. Due to varying flow resistance and system pressure, the pressure drop between P1 and P4 can change. A prerequisite for a constant flow is here a constant pressure drop at the adjustable reduction or throttle valve 8, which requires a minimum working pressure or pressure threshold for the intended nominal flow to be achieved. However, if the working pressure is higher, the excess pressure must be eliminated by turbulence in the control step 6 and the control step 16, so that the flow rate remains constant within a narrow tolerance or fault range.

If there is no flow in the valve, ie. if the membrane 4 is not affected by any pressure, the control steps 6, 16 are open. The membranes 4, 14 are printed

It 20 springs 13, 23 away from respective valve seats 12, 22.

At the onset of flow and increased system pressure P1 at the inlet 2, the diaphragm 4 is first pushed further towards the valve seat 12. At the same time, liquid flows through the adjustable reference throttle opening 8 into the annulus 38 where a pressure P2 is adjusted and from this chamber into the inner chamber 39 inside the valve seat 12 through the valve openings between the valve cover 11 and the valve seat 12, where first a pressure P3 is set. The forces exerted by the pressures P2 and P3 on the diaphragm 4 counteract the force caused by the pressure P1 until the diaphragm 4 acting as a pressure comparator has adjusted to such a position that the changes in the pressure drop P2 - P3 correspond to the change in P1 - P3 and the pressure drop P1 - P2 at the setting reduction valve remains constant. However, the pressure difference P2 - P3 constitutes a disturbance factor, so that this pressure difference, if it reaches a value that exceeds the flow tolerances, must be further reduced. This is provided with the additional diaphragm valve 16.

20 At this, the reference pressure is variable, while as a basis of regulation it has the pressure difference P2 - P3 from the previous control step 6. This pressure difference P3 - P4, which adjusts over the valve 16, then becomes smaller and the flow can be kept sufficiently constant. Normally, two cascade control steps are sufficient; but in special cases, additional control steps may be placed after the control step.

In the invention, with the two- or multi-stage arrangement of diaphragm valves, a very accurate long-term stable soiling-sensitive and compact volume flow regulator is obtained which can operate within a wide pressure range. Thanks to the adjustable throttle 8, 37, the desired or set value of the flow rate can be selected.

In order to keep coarser contaminants away in the heat carrier water, a replaceable filter may be provided, for example a 0.2 mm mesh width bronze mesh at 21

DK 163941 B

»The inlet. Fine pollution particles do not impair the function of the volume flow controller.

The membranes 4, 14 are preferably generally planar, i.e. they are made with a relatively small rolling zone 5 M and a relatively large support surface with valve covers located within this. In addition to this, the membrane must have 2 very small internal stiffness, preferably less than 3 g / cm membrane surface and a very large stroke length. Above all, it is suitable for template membranes, bellows membranes and formed 10 surface membranes. Suitable material, for example, is EPDM, ethylene propylene, rubber and viton, registered trademark for fluorine rubber, with hardnesses of 55-70 ° Shore and thicknesses of, for example, 0.2-0.4 mm. If large overpressures have to be calculated, the relevant membranes can be reinforced with tissue.

15 The best results are obtained with maximum large membrane surfaces, which is why the membrane diameters should preferably be up to at least 70% of the diameter of the cartridge, respectively, the inner diameter of the housing 31. The openings of the valve seats 12, 22, on the one hand, must be relatively small to provide good regulation accuracy, but on the other hand the flow resistance in the valve must not be too large. Therefore, good results are obtained with valve diameters between 35 and 45% of the membrane diameters.

In addition, in order to achieve the desired large flow rates and 25 low threshold values for the working pressure or pressure differences, the flow resistances must be kept low. To this end, at a given housing diameter, the dimensions of the diaphragm and inlet and return ducts are kept large and the wall thicknesses incl. the wall thickness W of the mem-30 branch's input range is kept small. To this end, instead of as shown in FIG. 5, alternatively, be tensioned, glued or vulcanized with a bead, even directly on a thin wall W. Along the entire flow path through the volume flow regulator, with the exception of the necessary sharp throttle openings, all boundary surfaces shall be constructed without edges and corners and be so smooth. , rounded 22 and continuous as possible. The concentric inlet and return channels 50 and 53 with the diameters W and R can be replaced by a radial partition so that the channels 50 and 53 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 does not run parallel, but 5 behind one another. Furthermore, the shape of the outer housing can instead be square, which in the corners not occupied by the circular membranes gives way to channels 50 and 53. With the volume flow regulator performed according to the guidelines described above, the following very good result 10 can be obtained, for example with a 3/8 inch valve and standard connections: Threshold for operating pressure of more than 0.1 bar, volume flow of at least 200 l / min. and accuracy of 2% in a very wide working or differential pressure range and for pressures above 1 bar.

The design guidelines can be optimized for different applications.

The choice of material must also take into account that the various elements must be electrochemically and chemically resistant, i.e. they must not react chemically in the heat carrier stream or with the surrounding housing and wiring. For example, in a brass housing, the valve springs 13 and 23 consist of spring bronze or acid-resistant steel.

The ring springs of FIG. 5 can be replaced by other springs, for example leaf springs or torsion springs. Not least, plate springs are suitable because they are compact and allow for low building height for the house and short connecting channels. In principle, the springs can instead be integrated into the membrane.

30 Depending on whether flow indicator 58 indicates flow or not, the temperature difference between thermocouples 108, 118 is measured and multiplied in electronics unit 117 by the coded flow rate setting through the reduction or throttle valve 8 and 35 respectively integrated into the opening time of valve system 61. The summed energy consumption is shown by the display 23

DK 163941 B

112 in relative or absolute values, cf. FIG. 3. The electronic processing is done, for example, by using series-connected current sensors, for example LM 234, which then output a current signal proportional to the temperature difference, which is converted into pulses or processed with an A / D converter by means of a capacitor and subjected to summation.

10

Claims (17)

Device for measuring the amount of heat / emitted by a heating element (107) to a room and for simultaneously controlling the flow of the heat carrier flowing through the heating element to control the room temperature, which device comprises partly a volume flow regulator (1). ) for passing a constant heat carrier current and an on-off valve (62) which is preset by a signal generator, for example a room thermostat (114), via a control valve (77), 10 and of the heat carrier current being switched between passing and blocking the heat carrier current, and partly a temperature sensor (118, 109) in the inlet (106) of the heating element (107) and one in its return line (111) as well as an electronics unit (78, 117), which determines the amount of heat by integrating it into an electrical circuit. 15 value transformed values for temperature difference in the opening time of the on-off valve (62), characterized in that the volume flow regulator (1) comprises at least two in series switching control stages (6, 16) , each of which is arranged with a control chamber (34, 44) and with a 20 separated by a diaphragm (4, 14) actuated by a spring pressure, and flow regulating chamber (38, 48) flowing through the heat carrier depending on the instantaneous fluctuation of the diaphragm flow cross-sections, where the heat carrier supply line (2 ') is connected, on the one hand, directly to the control chamber (34) of the first control step (6) and, on the other hand, via pressure drop generating means (8) to the flow control chambers (6) of the first control step (6). 38), and with the second control step (16) control chamber 30 (44), and that the on-off valve (62) control valve includes a bistable setting means (63) adapted to switch the valve body of the control valve (77) ( 81) by means of a minimal electrical energy requiring electromagnetic switching element (79) connected to the signal transducer (113, 114) and the electronics unit the (78, 117). 25 DK 163941 B ·> Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the on-off valve is designed as a diaphragm valve (62) with a diaphragm (64) which, together with the two flow stages (6, 16) of the volume flow regulator (1), is arranged after each other in a common passage housing (31, 102) for the heat carrier stream. 2¾ * Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the flow rate through the volume flow regulator (1) is arranged adjustable 10 by means of an adjustable or interchangeable reduction valve or throttle valve (8) and the adjusted flow rate of the heat carrier is introduced automatically or upon entry. the electronics unit (117) when performing the heat flow measurement. Device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the pressure difference is formed by at least one of the regulating step (16) of the volume flow regulator (1) by means of the regulating step (6) arranged in series in front thereof. or throttle means. Device according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the regulating step (6, 16) of the volume flow regulator (1) and the on-off valve (62) designed with a diaphragm valve with associated control valve (77) and bistable adjustment means ( 63) is joined to a compact valve assembly (102) provided with standardized heater conduit connections (104) and configured and adapted to be mounted in place of a conventional heating control valve in the heating conduit (106), wherein the valve assembly (102) ) is provided with a valve housing cover (103) in which the electronics unit (117) and associated indicating and setting elements (112, 113) are accommodated. Device according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the device is arranged 35 such that the control of the heat carrier current and thus of the 26 room temperature takes place with an adjustable thermostat (113, 114) arranged to triggering opening and closing of the on-off valve (62) connected to a control device (78) in the electronics unit (117), and 5 that the control size or set value of the thermostat (113, 114) is preferably arranged to be manually adjustable or automatically adjustable for different values · after a time program. Device according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that solar cells or semiconductor thermocouples, for example Peltier elements, are used to convert energy from the heat carrier current into electrical energy. Device according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that it comprises a flow indicator (58) arranged to signal to the electronics unit (117) whether the heat carrier is flowing or standing still, and, as a consequence, adapted to start respectively stop the integration of the temperature difference values of the 20 thermocouples (106, 118), the flow indicator (58) preferably in the form of one having a diaphragm valve (6, 16) or with the on-valve, respectively. (62) cooperating contactless contact means. Device according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 25 9, characterized in that the reducing or throttling means (8) of the volume flow regulator (1), the pressure difference on both sides of the diaphragm valve (6) (4) is designed as a sharp swirl opening. Device according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that the diaphragms (4, 14, 64) of the volume flow regulator (1) and the on-off valve (62) is generally flat with low stiffness and the surfaces of the membranes are designed to extend over the greater part of the cross-section of the housing (31). 35 DK 163941B 27 * Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the holding elements of the bistable control means (63) of the on-valve (62) for the on-valve (62) are provided with a permanent magnet '(91)>. 5 an auxiliary spring (33) and / or a snap spring. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a movable anchor (82) of the bistable electromagnetic switching element (79) is fixedly connected to a control valve (77) 10, by means of a closing spring auxiliary spring. a permanent magnet (91) is provided as a holding element for the open position of the valve shut-off body (81). Device according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the on-off valve (62) is provided with a throttle opening (65) for the connecting chamber (55) for the control valve (77) and that in front of this opening ( 65) is coupled to a filter (66) and preferably the area ratio between the passage (76) of the control valve (77) and the throttle opening (65) of the valve (62) is between 5 and 10. Device according to one of claims 1-13, characterized in that an injector-like connection (67) extends from the control chamber (54) to the outlet (53) of the main stream. Device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the diaphragms (4, 14, 64) of the control steps (6, 16) and the on-off valve (62) in each of their central portions each carry its valve cover (11, 21, 71 ) to which a cross-sectional valve seat (12, 30, 22, 72) belongs, and that the diaphragm lids (11, 21, 71) are loaded by each spring (13, 23, 73). Device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the membranes (4, 14, 64) are made of a resistant material such as ethylene propylene rubber or fluorine rubber and have an internal stiffness of less than 32 g / g. cm membrane area. % 28 Device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the membranes (4, 14) are arranged tightly along their periphery via a bead or by gluing or by solid vulcanization, that the springs (13, 23) acting on the membranes ) are charged only in their proportional ranges and that they are designed electrochemically resistant. 10