DK159492B

DK159492B - Airfoil-shaped sail arrangement

Info

Publication number: DK159492B
Application number: DK177486A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Thomas Robert Anderson
Original assignee: Thomas Robert Anderson
Priority date: 1986-04-17
Filing date: 1986-04-17
Publication date: 1990-10-22
Also published as: DK159492C; DK177486A; DK177486D0

Description

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iin

Den foreliggende opfindelse angår et airfoil-formet sejl arrangement af den type, som er beskrevet i indledningen til det efterfølgende hovedkrav.The present invention relates to an airfoil-shaped sail arrangement of the type described in the preamble of the following principal claim.

5 Der kendes forskellige airfoil-sejl, men disse er forbundet med flere ulemper. En af de største ulemper i forbindelse med airfoil-sejl er vanskeligheden ved at hæve og sænke sejlet.5 Various airfoil sails are known, but these are associated with several disadvantages. One of the main disadvantages of airfoil sailing is the difficulty of raising and lowering the sail.

I dansk patentansøgning nr. 4510/73 beskrives et airfoil-sejl, som 10 muliggør en relativ let og hurtig hævning og sænkning af et airfoil-sejl. Imidlertid vil dette airfoil-sejl være forbundet med en væsentlig ulempe, idet sejl profil erende elementer har en konstant form. Når der én gang er valgt sejl profil erende elementer i form af spanter for dette airfoil-sejl, vil det ikke være muligt at ændre sejlets profil.Danish Patent Application No. 4510/73 discloses an airfoil sail which enables a relatively easy and quick raising and lowering of an airfoil sail. However, this airfoil sail will be at a significant disadvantage, with sail profiling elements having a constant shape. Once sail profile elements have been selected in the form of rafters for this airfoil sail, it will not be possible to change the sail profile.

15 Den eneste mulighed for varierende udnyttelse af vinden er en rotationsmæssig drejning af sejlet for at ændre indfaldsvinklen.15 The only possibility of varying utilization of the wind is a rotational rotation of the sail to change the angle of incidence.

Det er formålet med den foreliggende opfindelse at afhjælpe ulemperne i forbindelse med kendte airfoil-sejl og at tilvejebringe et airfoil-20 formet sejl arrangement, der er let at hæve og sænke, og som gør det muligt at variere airfoil-sejlets profil for bedst muligt at udnytte fremherskende vindtilstande.It is the object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages of prior art airfoil sails and to provide an easy to raise and lower airfoil-shaped sail arrangement which allows the airfoil sail profile to be varied for the best possible to exploit prevailing wind conditions.

Dette opnås ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse ved, at et sejlarrange-25 ment af den indledningsvis nævnte type er udformet i overensstemmelse med den kendetegnende del af krav 1.This is achieved according to the present invention in that a sailing arrangement of the type mentioned initially is designed in accordance with the characterizing part of claim 1.

Det indses, at et sejl, hvis profil kan ændres, og som også kan bevæges rotationsmæssigt, vil tilvejebringe et stort antal indsti11 ingsmu-30 ligheder for sejleren og vil gøre det muligt at anvende de fremherskende vinde med størst mulig fordel.It will be appreciated that a sail whose profile can be changed and which can also be rotationally moved will provide a large number of positioning options for the sailor and will allow the prevailing winds to be used to the greatest advantage.

Med sejlet ifølge opfindelsen er det således muligt at foretage en indstilling af airfoil-sejlets profil mens det er i brug, idet de 35 sejl profil erende elementer kan bibringes en varierende form, når der ved hjælp af spændingspåføringsorganerne påføres i længderetningen virkende trykkræfter, som får disse til at bøje. Denne bøjning af hvert af de sejl profil erende elementer, der indgår i hvert par, er muliggjort, da disse elementer ved deres bagerste kanter er forbundetThus, with the sail according to the invention, it is possible to adjust the profile of the airfoil sail while in use, since the 35 sail profile bearing elements can be imparted to a varying shape when longitudinally acting compressive forces applied by the tension applying means are applied. these to bend. This bending of each of the sail profile bearing members included in each pair is made possible as these elements are joined at their rear edges.

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2 med mulighed for indbyrdes bevægelse i form af en gi ideforbindelse. Endvidere vil der være opnået en særlig strømlinet form, idet det anvendte sejl svøb ved sejlets førende kant er ført omkring et forbindelsesorgan, der både bibringer sejlets førende kant den ønskede strømi i-5 nede form, og som muliggør en hævning og sænkning af sejlet ved hjælp af de tilknyttede løbere.2 with the possibility of mutually moving in the form of a gid idea connection. Furthermore, a particularly streamlined shape will be obtained, the sails used wrapped at the leading edge of the sail being guided around a connecting means which both imparts the desired flow in the shape of the sail and which allows for raising and lowering the sail by using the associated runners.

Opfindelsen vil herefter blive forklaret nærmere under henvisning til den medfølgende tegning, hvor 10 fig. 1 viser et perspektivisk billede af et arrangement til illu stration af et konventionelt bådskrog udstyret med sejl arrangementet, fig. 2 et skematisk sidebillede af sejl arrangementet, 15 fig. 3 et perspektivisk billede af sejl arrangementets basiskompo nent med sejl klædet fjernet, fig. 4 et snitbilledet taget langs linien 3-3 i fig. 2, fig. 5 et billede svarende til fig. 4 af en anden udførelsesform for sejl arrangementet ifølge opfindelsen, 20 fig. 6 et perspektivisk billede af en foretrukket udførelsesform for en endeforbindelse mellem sejl pindene for sejl felterne, der udgør sejl svøbet, således som foreslået ifølge opfindelsen, og fig. 7 et billede svarende til fig. 4 til illustration af et organ, 25 der er beregnet til at forme sejl svøbet til en bæreplan-form med ønsket tværsnit.The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which: FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an arrangement for illustrating a conventional boat hull equipped with the sail arrangement; FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the sail arrangement; FIG. Figure 3 is a perspective view of the basic component of the sail arrangement with the sail cloth removed; 4 is a sectional view taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 2, FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4 of another embodiment of the sail arrangement according to the invention, FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of an end connection between the sail pins of the sail fields constituting the sail shell, as proposed in accordance with the invention; and FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 4 to illustrate a means 25 designed to shape sail wrapped to a carrier plane shape of desired cross section.

Idet der herefter henvises til tegningen ses, at fig. 1 illustrerer et bådskrog 1 med en drejeligt monteret mast 2. Den måde, hvorpå masten 30 er monteret, for at være drejelig og organerne, der er beregnet til at frembringe en drejning, kan være tilvejebragt på mange måder, og der kræves ingen opfinderisk snilde for at tilvejebringe disse træk og intet foretrukket arrangement er blevet beskrevet. Braser 3 og vanter 3a for et tværarmsarrangement 4, der er monteret drejeligt på masten, 35 stabiliserer mastens top. Et sejl svøb, der generelt er indikeret 5, er monteret, for således at omslutte den største del af masten.Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates a boat hull 1 with a pivotally mounted mast 2. The manner in which the mast 30 is mounted to be pivotal and the means intended to produce a pivot may be provided in many ways and no inventive kind is required. to provide these features and no preferred arrangement has been described. Braces 3 and mittens 3a for a cross-arm arrangement 4 pivotally mounted on the mast stabilize the top of the mast. A sail wrapper, generally indicated 5, is mounted so as to enclose the greater part of the mast.

Idet der henvises til fig. 2 ses, at sejlet har en udtalt krumning i sejlets følgende ende. Det foretrækkes at sejlets førende ende også erReferring to FIG. 2 it is seen that the sail has a pronounced curvature at the following end of the sail. It is preferred that the leading end of the sail is also

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tilvejebragt i form af en cirkelbue. Når sejlets førende og følgende kanter er udformet således, opnås der fordele, idet sejlets form på et hvilket som helst trin ved hejsning eller sænkning af sejlet stadig stort set vil have et tværsnit svarende til den foretrukne sejlfelt-5 form, således som illustreret. Fig. 3 illustrerer at masten, i den foretrukne udførelsesform, har et H-tværsnit i den centrale del med på anden måde tildannede ender. Masten kan have andre former og kan have en ensartet form gennem hele sin længde og kan også være tilspidset, således som illustreret.provided in the form of a circular arc. When the leading and following edges of the sail are so designed, advantages are obtained in that the shape of the sail at any stage of hoisting or lowering of the sail will still have substantially a cross-section corresponding to the preferred sail field shape, as illustrated. FIG. 3 illustrates that the mast, in the preferred embodiment, has an H cross section in the central portion with otherwise formed ends. The mast may have other shapes and may have a uniform shape throughout its length and may also be tapered, as illustrated.

10 I nærheden af masten 2's top er der tilvejebragt en øvre sejlende 6, og en lignende men større sejlende 7 er fastgjort til masten 2 nærliggende dennes nedre ende. Der er fortrinsvis tilvejebragt en hætte med strømlinet form 6a (se fig. 2) over toppen af sejlets øvre ende 6.10 Near the top of the mast 2, an upper sail 6 is provided, and a similar but larger sail 7 is attached to the lower end of the mast 2. Preferably, a cap of streamlined shape 6a (see Fig. 2) is provided over the top of the upper end 6 of the sail.

15 Masten er anbragt tilnærmelsesvis ved 20-30% af afstanden langs kordelængden for organerne 6 og 7 for at medvirke til sejl arrangementets vending efter vinden. Til masten og/eller enden 7 er der fastgjort to arme 8 og et arrangement, der stabiliserer og braser virer og andre spændte elementer 9, der er udstrakt fra armene 8 til den bageste ende 20 af organet 6. Der er også tilvejebragt et andet arrangement, der braser et lignende organ 10, der er udstrakt fra enden 7 til enden 6.The mast is positioned approximately at 20-30% of the distance along the chord length of the members 6 and 7 to assist in the turn of the arrangement after the wind. Attached to the mast and / or end 7 are two arms 8 and an arrangement stabilizing and brazing wires and other tensioned members 9 extending from the arms 8 to the rear end 20 of the member 6. A second arrangement is also provided. brazing a similar member 10 extending from end 7 to end 6.

Sejlet er et svøb, og dets profil kan varieres for at antage et antal bærepi an-former. Enderne 6 og 7 er i form og størrelse tilvejebragt, 25 således at de altid vil dække enderne af sejl svøbet for stort set alle mulige former. Selv om det er et ønskeligt træk, er opfindelsen ikke begrænset til at enderne 6 og 7 har de beskrevne foretrukne former.The sail is a wrap, and its profile can be varied to take a number of carrier shapes. The ends 6 and 7 are provided in shape and size, 25 so that they will always cover the ends of the sails wrapped for virtually all possible shapes. Although a desirable feature, the invention is not limited to the ends 6 and 7 having the preferred shapes described.

I fig. 3 og 4 er der illustreret en foretrukket udførelsesform for en 30 førende sejl kantunderstøtning, som omfatter et langstrakt organ 11, der fortrinsvis er krummet langs sin længde. Krumningen kan bibringes ved at variere længden af bånd 12, som forbinder organet 11 med masten 2. Langs organet 11's førende kant er der tilvejebragt et spor 13 med passende form til at modtage løbere på fastholdt måde, hvorved sejl -35 klædet er fastgjort til organet 11. Der er tilvejebragt passende fald for at muliggøre sejlets hævning og sænkning i forhold til organet 11.In FIG. 3 and 4, a preferred embodiment of a leading edge edge support is illustrated which comprises an elongate member 11, which is preferably curved along its length. The curvature can be imparted by varying the length of band 12 connecting member 11 to mast 2. Along the leading edge of member 11, a groove 13 of suitable shape is provided to receive runners in a restrained manner, thereby affixing the sail-35 cloth to the member. 11. Appropriate decreases have been provided to allow the sail to be raised and lowered relative to the body 11.

Fig. 5 illustrerer en anden udførelsesform for understøtningsorganer for den førende sejl kant, hvilke omfatter to langstrakte organer 14 ogFIG. 5 illustrates another embodiment of support means for the leading sail edge, which comprises two elongated members 14 and

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4 med organerne holdt i en indbyrdes afstand ved hjælp af tværbånd 15 anbragt ved intervaller langs organernes længde, og hvilke organer er bundet til masten 2 ved hjælp af bånd 16 på en sådan måde, at organerne 14's foretrukne krumning er tilvejebragt. Organerne 14 har spor 17 5 langs deres længde for at fastholde løbere, hvorved de førende kanter af de to felter af sejlklæde er fastgjort til organerne 14. I et alternativt arrangement kan organerne 14 være virer, og sejlet kan være forsynet med glidere, der er beregnet til at løbe på virerne.4 with the means spaced apart by means of cross-straps 15 arranged at intervals along the length of the members, and which means are bonded to the mast 2 by means of band 16 in such a way that the preferred curvature of the means 14 is provided. The means 14 have grooves 17 5 along their length to retain runners, whereby the leading edges of the two fields of sail cloth are attached to the means 14. In an alternative arrangement, the means 14 may be wires and the sail may be provided with sliders which are intended to run on the wires.

10 Fig. 5 viser en runding 18, der strækker sig fra enden 6 til enden 7 for at tilvejebringe en strømlinet førende kant for sejlarrangementet.FIG. 5 shows a rounding 18 extending from end 6 to end 7 to provide a streamlined leading edge for the sail arrangement.

Denne var ikke nødvendig i det i fig. 4 viste arrangement, hvor sejlklædet passerer omkring det glatte profil for organet 11 for at bibringe sejlets førende kant den ønskede strømlinede form. Det bemær-15 kes, at der er tilvejebragt flige 19, som er forbundet med rudningen ved hjælp af et område 20, der har reduceret tværsnit, og som tilvejebringer en hængsel effekt, hvilke flige er udstrakt bagud fra organet 18. Fligene er fortrinsvis af den viste form, men kan være flige af sejl klæde eller lignende, der er fastgjort til organet 18's følgende 20 kanter. Formålet med fligene er at tilvejebringe en glat overgang fra rundingen 18's form til siderne af sejlprofilet, for således at forbedre en turbulensfri luftstrømning over sejl profil et. I et alternativt arrangement kan det Il-formede organ 18's ben være længere og have en form svarende til fligene 19 og kan være tilvejebragt af et fleksi-25 belt plast eller lignende materiale. De udstrakte ben kan derved afbøjes for at tilvejebringe den nødvendige gradvise overgang fra organet 18's form til sejlfelternes form. I et yderligere arrangement kan organet 18 være monteret drejeligt på organerne 6 og 7 for at tillade dets bevægelse sammen med sejlprofilets ændringer for at tilvejebringe 30 den nødvendige gradvise overgang fra organets 18's form til sejlfelternes form.This was not necessary in the FIG. 4, where the sail cloth passes around the smooth profile of the member 11 to impart the desired streamlined shape to the leading edge of the sail. It is noted that tabs 19 are provided which are connected to the rudder by means of a region 20 which has a reduced cross-section and which provides a hinge effect, which tabs are extended rearwardly from the member 18. The tabs are preferably of the shape shown, but may be tabs of sail cloth or the like attached to the following 20 edges of the member 18. The purpose of the tabs is to provide a smooth transition from the shape of the rounding 18 to the sides of the sail profile, thus improving a turbulence-free air flow over the sail profile. In an alternative arrangement, the legs of the Il-shaped member 18 may be longer and have a shape similar to the tabs 19 and may be provided of a flexible plastic or similar material. The extended legs can thereby be deflected to provide the necessary gradual transition from the shape of the member 18 to the shape of the sail fields. In a further arrangement, the member 18 may be pivotally mounted on the members 6 and 7 to allow its movement together with the changes of the sail profile to provide 30 the necessary gradual transition from the shape of the member 18 to the shape of the sail fields.

Således som nævnt tidligere kan sejl klædet være tilvejebragt i et stykke, der tilnærmelsesvis ved sin midterdel er fastgjort til organet 11 35 eller i to stykker, der ved deres førende kanter er fastgjort til organerne 14. I begge tilfælde er der tilvejebragt to felter af sejl klæde, som passerer på hver side af masten 2 og linen 10. For at tilvejebringe og bibeholde den ønskede kontur af sejlets førende kant omkring organet 11 i arrangementerne i fig. 4 og 7 er den del, der befinderAs mentioned earlier, the sail cloth may be provided in a piece approximately secured at its center portion to the member 11 35 or in two pieces affixed at its leading edges to the members 14. In both cases, two fields of sail are provided. cloth which passes on each side of the mast 2 and the line 10. In order to provide and maintain the desired contour of the leading edge of the sail around the member 11 of the arrangements of FIG. 4 and 7 are the part located

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5 sig i området X i fig. 7, forstærket og afstivet, som for eksempel ved at tilvejebringe flere lag sejlklæde i dette område eller ved at tilvejebringe et tildannet fiberglasorgan eller lignende afstivende organ.5 in the region X of FIG. 7, reinforced and stiffened, such as, for example, by providing multiple layers of sail cloth in this area or by providing a formed fiberglass member or similar stiffener.

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Tildannelsen af sejl felterne opnås ved hjælp af sejl pinde eller sejl -pindelignende organer, der er rummet i sejl pindelommer på sejlfelternes indersider. Idet der henvisese til fig. 7 ses det, at arket af sejIklæde ved sit midterområde ved hjælp af løbere er fastgjort i or-10 ganet 11's spor 13. Der er tilvejebragt to sejl fel ter 5a og 5b, hvoraf et passerer på hver side af masten 2. På indersiderne af felterne er der tilvejebragt sejl pindelommer 21, som er blinde ved deres ende nærliggende organet 11 og åbne ved de bageste kanter af felterne 5a og 5b. Sejl pindelommerne for felterne 5a og 5b er tilvejebragt i par, og 15 sejl pinde 22 og 23 i lommerne for felterne 5a og 5b er udstrakt fra sejl pindelommernes åbne ender og er for eksempel forbundet ved hjælp af et tunge- og slidsarrangement, således som vist i fig. 6. Tunge- og slidsarrangementet tjener til illustration og andre "forbindelser", der muliggør en indbyrdes glidningsbevægelse mellem sejlpindenes en-20 der, kan anvendes.The formation of the sail fields is achieved by means of sail sticks or sail-like bodies, which are housed in sail stick pockets on the inside of the sail fields. Referring to FIG. 7, it is seen that the sheet of sailcloth at its center area is fastened by means of runners in the groove 13. The groove 13. There are two sail fields 5a and 5b, one of which passes on each side of the mast 2. On the inside in the fields are provided sail pockets 21 which are blind at their end adjacent the member 11 and open at the rear edges of the fields 5a and 5b. The sail stick pockets for fields 5a and 5b are provided in pairs, and 15 sail pins 22 and 23 in the pockets of fields 5a and 5b extend from the open ends of the sail pockets and are connected, for example, by a tongue and slot arrangement, as shown. in FIG. 6. The tongue and slot arrangement serves for illustration and other "connections" which allow for a mutual sliding movement between the ends of the sail pins, may be used.

Ved at påføre en i længderetningen virkende trykbelastning på sejlpindene 22 og 23 vil de blive tvunget til at bøje. Dette er vist i fig.By applying a longitudinal pressure load to the sail pins 22 and 23, they will be forced to bend. This is shown in FIG.

7, hvor der i feltet 5a er tilvejebragt en konveks krumning med mindre 25 radius end den, der er tilvejebragt for feltet 5b. Trykbelastningerne kan påføres på flere måder. Ved den foretrukne måde er liner 24, således som vist i fig. 7, fastgjort ved 25 til ydersiderne af sejl pindelommerne nærliggende de bageste kanter af sejlfelterne 5a og 5b og er ført over trisser 26 på ydersiderne af sejl pindelommerne nærliggende 30 organet 11. Linerne føres derefter nedefter til bådens dæk og et træk påføres på en hvilket som helst egnet måde. For eksempel ved hjælp af hydrauliske organer, der er fastgjort til et hovedorgan, hvortil enderne af alle linerne for det ene eller andet af sejl fel terne er fastgjort. Mekaniske organer, som for eksempel vægtstænger eller trisser, 35 kan alternativt anvendes. Ved at spænde alle linerne for et givet sejl-felt, vil de tilknyttede sejl pinde på grund af deres længder, profiler og tværsnit antage en forudbestemt krumning, og sejlfeltet vil antage en forudbestemt form.7, where in the field 5a is provided a convex curvature with less radius than that provided for the field 5b. The pressure loads can be applied in several ways. In the preferred way, liner 24, as shown in FIG. 7, attached at 25 to the outer sides of the sail pockets adjacent to the rear edges of the sail fields 5a and 5b and passed over the pulleys 26 on the outer sides of the sail pockets adjacent to the member 11. The lines are then lowered to the deck of the boat and a pull is applied to any preferably suitable way. For example, by means of hydraulic means attached to a main means to which the ends of all the ropes for one or the other of the sail fields are fixed. Alternatively, mechanical means, such as barbs or pulleys, may be used. By clamping all the lines for a given sail field, the associated sail pins due to their lengths, profiles and cross sections will assume a predetermined curvature and the sail field will assume a predetermined shape.

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66

Ved en anden belastningspåførende metode (ikke vist) er der tilvejebragt en nokgårding, som forbinder enderne af sejlpindene i feltet 5a og en anden, som forbinderne ender af sejlpindene i sejlfeltet 5b. De øvre ender af nokgårdingerne er fastgjort til organet 6, som brases 5 gennem braserne 3 bag ved masten 2. Nokgårdingerne ligger langs en bue på grund af de forskellige længder af sejlpindene, og følgeligt vil den spænding, der er bibragt nokgårdingerne fra spændingsorganerne på båddækket for at udrette krumningen i en nokgårding, bevirke, at sejl-pindene "buer". Bøjningsgraden, som er bibragt sejlpindene, vil tilve-10 jebringe en tilsvarende krumning for sejlfeltet.In another load-applying method (not shown), there is provided a pair of threads which connect the ends of the sail pins in the field 5a and another which the connectors end of the sail pins in the sail field 5b. The upper ends of the netting threads are attached to the member 6, which is braced 5 through the braces 3 behind the mast 2. The netting threads lie along an arc due to the different lengths of the sail pins, and consequently the tension provided by the netting threads from the tensioning means on the boat deck to straighten the curvature of a camshaft, cause the sail-sticks to "arch". The degree of bending provided to the sail pins will provide a corresponding curvature for the sail field.

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Claims

An airfoil-shaped sail arrangement comprising a mast (2), an upper elongate member (6) fixed transversely to the mast, and a lower elongated member (7) fixed transversely to the mast, and parallel to the upper member, a sail wrapper (5) extending vertically between the upper and lower members (6,7) and enclosing the mast (2) and having rear ends provided adjacent to each other, but not connected to each other, pairs of flexible elongate sail profiles comprising 10 elements (22, 23) mounted in pockets (21) on the inside of the sails wrapped (5) with the sail profile elements (22, 23) arranged parallel to the sails. upper and lower elongated members (6,7) and with the forward ends of the sail profiling elements (22, 23) retained, characterized in that a connecting member (11) is provided between the upper and lower elongated members (6). (7) and within the sails (5) that the sails (5) have runners intended to engage. with a groove (13) provided in the connecting means (11), that the rear ends of the sail profiling elements (22, 23) at the rear edges of the sail wrapper are extended from the pockets (21) and are interconnected for enabling a mutual movement between each interconnected pair of sail profiling elements (22, 23) and providing tension applying means (24) intended to bend the sail profiling elements (22, 23) by applying a pressure load on the sail profiling elements (22, 23) in their longitudinal direction.

Sail arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the sailing wrapper is made of two sailing cloth panels (5a, 5b) having front edges, each of which is provided with runners, and that the connecting means 30 (11) comprise two supporting members ( 14), each having a groove (17) which respectively engages the runners on the front edges of the two sail cloth panels (5a, 5b).

Sail arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that a rounding (18) is provided for covering the support means (14) and the front edges of two sail cloth panels (5a, 5b).

Sail arrangement according to claim 3, characterized in that the rounding (18) has tab extensions (19) to provide a current-linear transition between the profile of the rounding (18) and the two sail cloth fields (5a, 5b).

Sail arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the tension application means are provided in the form of a line (24) extending between the rear end of each sail profile (22 or 23) and a runner (25). at the front end of the sail profiling means (22, 23) and by tightening the line (24) a pressure load is created in the longitudinal direction of the sail profiling means (22, 23), which causes them to bend. 15 20 25 30 35