DK157831B - Method for growing plants and growing bag for use in the method - Google Patents

Method for growing plants and growing bag for use in the method Download PDF

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Publication number
DK157831B
DK157831B DK442079A DK442079A DK157831B DK 157831 B DK157831 B DK 157831B DK 442079 A DK442079 A DK 442079A DK 442079 A DK442079 A DK 442079A DK 157831 B DK157831 B DK 157831B
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Prior art keywords
bag
culture substrate
plant
water
cultivation
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DK442079A
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Danish (da)
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DK157831C (en
DK442079A (en
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Poul Henrik Ahm
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Bentle Products Ag
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Priority to US07/557,397 priority patent/US5201141A/en
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    • Y02P60/216

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  • Hydroponics (AREA)
  • Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Description

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Opfindelsen angår en fremgangsmåde til dyrkning af planter, ved hvilken et porøst dyrkningssubstrat omsluttet af plastfolie i poseform anvendes til rodudviklingen, medens plante-stænglen går gennem en åbning i posen, og hvor dyrkningssub-5 stratet kontinuerligt forsynes med vand indeholdende de for plantevæksten nødvendige tilsætningsstoffer, hvorhos vandet forlader posen gennem en eller flere åbninger i posen i den modsatte ende i forhold til åbningen for stænglen.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to a method for growing plants in which a porous culture substrate enclosed in plastic film in bag form is used for root development, while the plant stem passes through an opening in the bag and wherein wherein the water leaves the bag through one or more openings in the bag at the opposite end relative to the opening of the stem.

10 En fremgangsmåde af denne art kendes fra en artikel i "Supplement to the Grower" fra 24. august 1978 med overskriften "Peter Bailey's drip system-cheap hydroponics", hvori der beskrives en ændring i næringsfilmteknikken (NFT), som bl.a. anvendes ved dyrkning af agurker.10 An approach of this kind is known from an article in "Supplement to the Grower" of August 24, 1978, entitled "Peter Bailey's drip system-cheap hydroponics", which describes a change in nutritional film technology (NFT), which includes used in growing cucumbers.

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Den i ovennævnte artikel beskrevne fremgangsmåde er baseret på et i Skandinavien kendt system, som anvender stenuld som dyrkningssubstrat, og som er karakteriseret ved, at underlaget for poserne har en væsentlig hældning. Den i artiklen omtalte 20 fremgangsmåde anvender imidlertid ikke en stejl hældning af poseunderlaget, og endvidere undgår den anvendelse af stenuld. I stedet benyttes et 2,5 cm tykt lag tørvestrøelse eller en tilsvarende tyk kapillarmåtte, hvorpå planterne anbringes i potter med henblik på vanding enten ovenfra eller 25 fra undersiden ved hjælp af kapillarmåtten. Vandtilførslen består i drypvanding til enten potterne eller måtten, og overskydende vand siver som følge af det skrånende underlag ud fra måtten og løber gennem slidser i den omgivende plastfolie og videre til en afløbsrende.The method described in the above article is based on a system known in Scandinavia which uses stone wool as a culture substrate and is characterized by the fact that the substrate for the bags has a substantial slope. However, the method referred to in the article does not employ a steep slope of the bag base, nor does it avoid the use of rock wool. Instead, a 2.5 cm thick layer of peat litter or a similar thick capillary mat is used, whereupon the plants are placed in pots for irrigation either from above or from the underside by means of the capillary mat. The water supply consists of drip irrigation to either the pots or the mat, and excess water seeps out of the mat as a result of the sloping surface and runs through slits in the surrounding plastic foil and on to a drainage channel.

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Fra en artikel i Financial Times den 11. juni 1979 kendes endvidere en fremgangsmåde, ved hvilken dyrkningsposer anbragt på et let skrånende underlag anvendes til dyrkning af eksempelvis agurker og tomater. Poserne kan være fyldt med tørvekom-35 post, der er let og rent, ligesom tilfældet er for pulveriseret bark, som mange betragter som et mere ønskeligt dyrkningsmedium, eftersom det står til rådighed i næsten uendeligeFurthermore, from an article in the Financial Times on June 11, 1979, there is known a method in which cultivation bags placed on a slightly sloping surface are used for growing cucumbers and tomatoes, for example. The bags can be filled with peat-grain items that are light and clean, as is the case for powdered bark, which many consider a more desirable culture medium, since it is available in almost endless

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2 mængder, hvorimod tørv er en form for naturlig jord, som der foreligger et begrænset forråd af.2 quantities, whereas peat is a form of natural soil of which there is a limited supply.

For nylig har man afprøvet en afvandet "plade" af kompost, 5 der kun vejer ca. 3,5 kg, og som følgelig er meget let at transportere. Det har vist sig, at ved vanding af en sådan plade med ca. 18 liter vand ekspanderer pladen og fylder en vækstpose af passende størrelse, således at man ved anvendelse af en 1,2 m lang pose får mulighed for at dyrke 4 tomat-10 planter i en enkelt dyrkningspose.Recently, a watered-down "plate" of compost has been tested, 5 weighing only approx. 3.5 kg, which is therefore very easy to transport. It has been found that by watering such a plate by approx. 18 liters of water expands the plate and fills a growth bag of appropriate size so that by using a 1.2 m long bag it is possible to grow 4 tomato-10 plants in a single growing bag.

Et væsentligt problem ved anvendelsen af sådanne dyrkningsposer er imidlertid, at dyrkningssubstratet skal have en væsentlig vandtilbageholdelsesevne, for at dyrkningssubstratet kan 15 være befugtet hele vejen igennem, og at en sådan vandtilbageholdelsesevne hæmmer den kontinuerlige vandudskiftning, hvorved der dels fremkommer en mangelfuld tilførsel af de til plantevæksten nødvendige næringsstoffer og oxygen til samtlige dele af rodsystemet, dels kan opstå forrådnelse i de dele af 20 vækstsubstratet, hvor oxygentilførslen er mangelfuld.However, a major problem with the use of such culture bags is that the culture substrate must have a substantial water retention capability for the culture substrate to be wetted throughout, and that such water retention ability inhibits the continuous water exchange, thereby providing a defective supply of water. plant growth requires nutrients and oxygen for all parts of the root system, and partly can cause decay in those parts of the growth substrate where oxygen supply is deficient.

I tysk offentliggørelsesskrift nr. 2.723.435 beskrives en poseformet dyrkningsbeholder, der indeholder et granuleret plantedyrkningssubstrat indeholdende plantejord eller andre 25 dyrkningssubstrater klar til brug, og som ved tilsætning af vand med eller uden tilsætning af næringsstoffer bliver bragt til at kvælde op.German Patent Specification No. 2,723,435 discloses a bag-shaped cultivation container containing a granular plant culture substrate containing plant soil or other cultivation substrates ready for use and which, when added to water with or without the addition of nutrients, is caused to swell.

I østrigsk offentliggørelsesskrift nr. 313.628 beskrives 30 en indretning til hydroponisk dyrkning af planter bestående af et rodudviklingsrum omgivet af en membran, der fortrinsvis er formet som et rør,· og et rum for spiren, hvor rodudviklings-rummet indeholder et bæremateriale for planten. Bærematerialet indeholder skum fremstillet af plastmaterialer, og tilførsel 35 af næringsvæske finder sted periodevis ved, at man neddypper det perforerede rodudviklingsrum i en flydende opløsning indeholdende næringsstofferne, eller ved at rodudviklingsrummet 3Austrian Publication No. 313,628 discloses a device for hydroponic cultivation of plants consisting of a root development space surrounded by a membrane which is preferably shaped as a tube, and a space for the seed, wherein the root development space contains a carrier material for the plant. The carrier contains foams made of plastic materials, and feed 35 of nutrient liquid takes place periodically by immersing the perforated root development space in a liquid solution containing the nutrients, or by rooting the space 3

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alternativt danner en del af et tilførselssystem for næringsvæske med henblik på at forsyne et antal planter med næringsvæske .alternatively, forms part of a nutrient supply system for supplying a variety of nutrient plants.

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Disse kendte dyrkningsposer er imidlertid behæftet med den alvorlige ulempe, at de ikke muliggør en kontinuerlig og automatisk styret tilførsel af vand og næringsstoffer til plantevæksten i forbindelse med en recirkulation af vandings-vandet. Tilstedeværelsen af jord og følgelig af jordbakterier medfører en alvorlig risiko for infektion af alle planter i tilfælde af, at de bliver vandet ved hjælp af et fælles vandingssystem. Desuden har brugen af et hydrofilt dyrkningssubstrat, som er i stand til at kvælde, vist sig at medføre 15 rodforrådnelse som følge af en utilstrækkelig forsyning med luft. Efter kvældningen er det ikke muligt at udføre den udskiftning af vand, som skal sikre den nødvendige tilførsel af såvel ilt som næringsstoffer. Endvidere har det vist sig, at vandet er bundet så stærkt til det hydrofile dyrkningssub-strat, der benyttes i praksis, at hoveddelen af det faktisk ikke er tilgængeligt for plantedyrkningen på en sådan måde, at det kan absorberes af planterødderne.However, these known cultivation bags have the serious disadvantage that they do not allow a continuous and automatically controlled supply of water and nutrients to the plant growth in connection with a recirculation of the irrigation water. The presence of soil and consequently of soil bacteria carries a serious risk of infection of all plants in case they are irrigated by means of a common irrigation system. In addition, the use of a hydrophilic culture substrate capable of swelling has been found to cause root rot due to an insufficient supply of air. After the swelling, it is not possible to carry out the replacement of water to ensure the necessary supply of both oxygen and nutrients. Furthermore, it has been found that the water is so strongly bound to the hydrophilic culture substrate used in practice that most of it is not actually available for plant cultivation in such a way that it can be absorbed by the plant roots.

Det har nu vist sig, at man ved valg af et passende dyrkningssubstrat kan opnå en forbedret vandgennemgang gennem posen 2 5 og dermed en forbedret tilførsel af næringsstoffer og oxygen til planterødderne, når man lader vandgennemgangen i dyrkningsposen foregå med et stærkt skrånende forløb i forhold til vandret retning, og når et passende hydrofobt materiale bliver benyttet som dyrkningssubstrat, og fremgangsmåden ifølgeIt has now been found that by selecting an appropriate culture substrate, an improved water flow through the bag 25 and thus an improved supply of nutrients and oxygen to the plant roots can be achieved by allowing the water passage in the culture bag to proceed with a strongly sloping course relative to and when a suitable hydrophobic material is used as a culture substrate, and the method of

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opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved, at vandingsvandet bringes til at sive ned gennem en vandgennemtrængelig, men ikke hydrofil plade af dyrkningssubstratet, der ikke indeholder jord, og som er tilskåret til posens form og er ophængt med pladens plan i lodret retning, og hvor vandingsvandet bliver opsamlet 3 5 under bunden af posen og recirkuleret til dyrkningssubstratpladen gennem posens topåbning, hvorigennem plantestænglen vokser.The invention is characterized in that the irrigation water is caused to seep down through a water-permeable but not hydrophilic plate of the non-soil cultivation substrate, which is cut to the shape of the bag and suspended with the plane of the plate in a vertical direction and where the irrigation water is collected. 3 5 below the bottom of the bag and recycled to the culture substrate plate through the top opening of the bag through which the plant stem grows.

Ved hjælp af den lodrette orientering af dyrkningsposen opnås 4Using the vertical orientation of the culture bag 4 is obtained

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ved tyngdens virkning en passende hurtig nedsivning af den tilførte næringsopløsning gennem dyrkningssubstratet, og der tilvejebringes herved en fortrinlig kontakt mellem plantens roddele og næringsopløsningen. Dette bevirker, at koncentratio-5 nen af næringsstoffer i vandingsvandet kan nedsættes til ca. 0,8°/oo i forhold til ca. 2°/oo ved de kendte fremgangsmåder, hvor plantedyrkningen foretages med dyrkningsposen orienteret med et svagt skrånende forløb i forhold til vandret.by the effect of gravity, a suitable rapid seepage of the nutrient solution supplied through the culture substrate, thereby providing excellent contact between the root parts of the plant and the nutrient solution. This means that the concentration of nutrients in the irrigation water can be reduced to approx. 0.8 ° / oo compared to approx. 2 ° / oo by the known methods in which plant cultivation is carried out with the cultivation bag oriented with a slightly sloping course relative to the horizontal.

10 Som følge af den lave koncentration af næringsstoffer bliver behovet for overholdelse af et bestemt forhold mellem forskellige næringsstoffer i vandingsopløsningen betydeligt formindsket. Planterødderne optager de næringsstoffer og den oxygenmængde, som planten har behov for, og den lave koncentration 15 formindsker risikoen for rodbeskadigelse som følge af et for højt osmotisk tryk, og den lave koncentration indebærer desuden, at der stilles mindre krav til kontrollen med næringsopløsningens sammensætning. Genbrugen af vandingsvandet tillader en effektiv udnyttelse af de tilsatte næringsstoffer.10 Due to the low concentration of nutrients, the need for compliance with a certain ratio of different nutrients in the irrigation solution is greatly diminished. The plant roots absorb the nutrients and the amount of oxygen needed by the plant, and the low concentration 15 reduces the risk of root damage due to too high osmotic pressure, and the low concentration also imposes less requirements for control of the composition of the nutrient solution. The reuse of the irrigation water allows efficient utilization of the added nutrients.

2020

Fra bunden af posen løber vandingsvandet fortrinsvis ned i en afløbsrende, der fører til en opsamlingstank, hvori indholdet af oxygen og næringsstoffer kan kontrolleres og løbende suppleres. Fra opsamlingstanken føres vandet til 25 forsyningsledninger anbragt oven over planterne, hvorfra tilførselsslanger fører ned til de enkelte dyrkningsposer.From the bottom of the bag, the irrigation water preferably flows into a drainage channel leading to a collection tank in which the content of oxygen and nutrients can be controlled and continuously supplemented. From the collection tank, the water is fed to 25 supply lines placed above the plants, from which supply hoses lead down to the individual culture bags.

Som følge af recirkuleringen er der et minimalt tab af gødningsstoffer fra næringsopløsningen, og næringsopløsningen kan ved tilførslen gives den optimale temperatur. Tilførslen af 30 næringsopløsning sker fortrinsvis ved drypvanding.As a result of the recycling, there is a minimal loss of fertilizers from the nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution can be given the optimum temperature upon application. The supply of 30 nutrient solution is preferably effected by drip irrigation.

• ' " v.• '"v.

Ved hjælp af en kontinuerlig analyse af det recirkulerede vand kan indholdet af næringssalte og andre additiver, som er nødvendige for plantevæksten, opretholdes på et niveau, 35 soift er optimalt for dyrkningen af planter i overensstemmelse med det udviklingstrin, som planterne til enhver tid har nået.Continuous analysis of the recycled water allows the content of nutrients and other additives necessary for plant growth to be maintained at a level that is optimal for the cultivation of plants in accordance with the development stage reached by the plants at all times. .

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En omhyggelig styret tilførsel af vand og næringsmidler .indeholdt i vandingsvandet til planterne har vist sig at indebære store muligheder for dyrkning af f.eks. tobak på steder, der ikke hidtil var anvendelige til dette formål.A carefully controlled supply of water and nutrients contained in the irrigation water to the plants has been found to offer great opportunities for cultivation of e.g. tobacco in places not previously usable for this purpose.

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Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen sikrer således den nødvendige tilførsel af mikronæringsstoffer, såsom jern, kobber, molybdæn, bor, mangan og zink til planterne, og mangelsymptomer hidrørende fra mangel på makronæringsstofferne, kalium, phos-10 phor og nitrogen undgås.Thus, the process of the invention ensures the necessary supply of micronutrients such as iron, copper, molybdenum, boron, manganese and zinc to the plants, and deficiency symptoms arising from the deficiency of the macronutrients, potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen are avoided.

Eksempler på afgrødebærende planter, som med fordel dyrkes ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen, er tomat, agurk, peber, melon og bønner, men også prydplanter, f.eks. julestjerne 15 og nellike, kan dyrkes ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen.Examples of crop-bearing plants which are advantageously grown by the method of the invention are tomato, cucumber, pepper, melon and beans, but also ornamental plants, e.g. poinsettia 15 and carnations can be grown by the method of the invention.

I en udformning af fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen anvendes plantedyrkningsposen indeholdende dyrkningssubstratet ophængt i en snor, som samtidigt danner fæste for planten og dens 20 afgrøde. Herved opnås samtidig fastholdelse af dyrkningsposen og opbinding af planten med dens afgrøde, og ved passende fastgørelse af ophængningssnoren, f.eks. i en vandret forløbende stålwire, opnås mulighed for bekvem flytning og transport af planterne, således at det til rådighed stående vækstvolumen 25 kan udnyttes maksimalt.In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the plant cultivation bag containing the cultivation substrate is suspended in a string which simultaneously forms the attachment for the plant and its crop. In this way, simultaneously the holding of the cultivation bag and binding of the plant with its crop is achieved, and by appropriate attachment of the hanging string, e.g. in a horizontally extending steel wire, it is possible to conveniently move and transport the plants so that the available growth volume 25 can be maximally utilized.

Opfindelsen angår endvidere en dyrkningspose til anvendelse ved fremgangsmåden.The invention further relates to a culture bag for use in the method.

30 Dyrkningsposen består af en plastpose med en åbning for plante-stænglen i den ene ende og med en eller flere åbninger i den anden ende, og posen indeholder et porøst dyrkningssubstrat. Posen ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved, at den er indrettet og udformet til lodret ophængning og til opsam-35 ling af vandingsvandet via åbningen eller åbningerne i den modsatte ende af posen i forhold til åbningen for plantestæng-len og til recirkulering af vandingsvandet til dyrkningssub- 6The culture bag consists of a plastic bag with an opening for the plant stem at one end and with one or more openings at the other end, and the bag contains a porous culture substrate. The bag according to the invention is characterized in that it is arranged and configured for vertical suspension and for collecting the irrigation water via the opening or openings at the opposite end of the bag relative to the opening of the plant stem and for recycling the irrigation water to the growing sub-plant. 6

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stratet gennem åbningen for plantestænglen, og ved at dyrkningssubstratet er tilskåret i form som plastposen ud fra et ikke-hydrofilt plademateriale, der ikke indeholder jord, og med pladens plan orienteret lodret.through the aperture of the plant stem, and in that the culture substrate is cut in the shape of the plastic bag from a non-hydrophilic sheet material containing no soil and oriented vertically with the plane of the sheet.

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Den lodrette ophængning af posen kan foretages på flere for-v skellige måder, f,eks.~ ved udformning af et hul i et sammen svejst område af posens to plastfolielag. Hullet kan også gå gennem de to folielag under en øvre sammensvejset kant 10 eller rand, men fortrinsvis er dyrkningsposen karakteriseret ved, at den foroven i nærheden af åbningen for plantestænglen har en gennemgående åbning for en ophængningssnor.The vertical hanging of the bag can be done in a variety of ways, for example, by forming a hole in a welded area of the two plastic foil layers of the bag. The hole may also pass through the two foil layers under an upper welded edge 10 or rim, but preferably the culture bag is characterized in that it has a through-opening opening for a suspension cord at the top near the opening of the plant stem.

Plastfolien til fremstilling af den omhandlede dyrkningspose 15 består fortrinsvis af den såkaldte mælkeposeplast, som er hvid på den ene side og sort på den anden side, således at den hvide side anvendes som posens yderside. En plastfolie, hvis ene side (ydersiden) er sølvbronze-farvet, og hvis anden side (indersiden) er sort, er også velegnet.The plastic foil for making the said culture bag 15 preferably consists of the so-called milk bag plastic which is white on one side and black on the other side, so that the white side is used as the outside of the bag. A plastic foil whose one side (outside) is silver bronze colored and the other side (inside) is black is also suitable.

2020

Dyrkningsposen ifølge opfindelsen kan hensigtsmæssigt være dannet af to firkantede, fortrinsvis rektangulære plastfolielag, der er sammenføjet langs deres omkreds. Sammenføjningen kan være foretaget ved sammensvejsning, og i så tilfælde 25 opnås en enkel og økonomisk fremstilling af den omhandlede pose.Conveniently, the culture bag of the invention may be formed of two square, preferably rectangular, plastic foil layers joined along their circumference. The joint can be made by welding, in which case a simple and economical preparation of the bag in question is obtained.

I en anden udførelsesform for posen er denne dannet af to trekantede plastfolielag, som er sammenføjet langs deres 30 omkreds, og som i posens ophængte stilling danner .en ligebenet trekant, hvis grundlinie er vandret. Ved hjælp af en sådan udformning af posen opnås mulighed for dyrkning af planter, hvis rodsystem omfangsmæssigt udvikler sig meget kraftigt nedefter.In another embodiment of the bag, it is formed of two triangular plastic foil layers which are joined along their circumference and which, in the suspended position of the bag, form a straight-legged triangle whose baseline is horizontal. With such a design of the bag, it is possible to grow plants whose root system extends very vigorously downwards.

35 I en yderligere udførelsesform for dyrkningsposen ifølge opfindelsen er dyrkningssubstratet en til posens form svarende 7In a further embodiment of the culture bag according to the invention, the culture substrate is one corresponding to the shape of the bag 7.

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måtte fremstillet af glasuld, stenuld eller plastskum eller vævet eller ikke-vævet fiberholdigt tekstilmateriale.made of glass wool, stone wool or plastic foam or woven or nonwoven fibrous textile material.

Det har vist sig, at tekstilmateriale i form af det såkaldte 5 Plante-Fibertex® fordeler vandet særlig godt gennem hele materialet. Ved valg af et sådant materiale som dyrkningssubstrat i posen ifølge opfindelsen sikres en fuldstændig gennem-vædning af hele posens indhold af dyrkningssubstrat.It has been found that textile material in the form of the so-called 5 Plant-Fibertex® distributes the water particularly well throughout the material. By selecting such material as the culture substrate in the bag according to the invention, a complete soaking of the entire contents of culture substrate of the bag is ensured.

10 Dyrkningsposer indeholdende Plante-Fiberte^ som plantedyrkningssubstrat kan være fremstillet ved randsammensvejsning af to lag plastfolie af ovennævnte art, hvor to diagonalt over for hinanden liggende hjørner er afskåret, således at der fremkommer 2-3 cm lange åbninger, hvorigennem en plante-15 stængel kan vokse, idet posen udformes med et gennemgående hul for en ophængningssnor i begge ender, hvorved det bliver uden betydning, om posen ophænges i det ene eller det andet hul. Den skårne åbning i den ende af posen, som ved ophængningen kommer til at vende nedefter, kommer herved til at fungere 20 som udløbsåbning for det nedsivende vand. Det kan være hensigtsmæssigt at danne en 2-3 cm lang sammensvejsning ved posens afskårne hjørner og i forbindelse med den egentlige kantsammensvejsning, således at der dannes en kanal, hvori en slange for vandingsvandet kan fastholdes.Cultivation bags containing Plant-Fiberte as plant cultivation substrate can be made by welding two layers of plastic film of the above-mentioned type, with two diagonally opposite corners being cut so as to provide 2-3 cm long openings through which a plant stem can grow as the bag is formed with a through hole for a suspension cord at both ends, whereby it becomes irrelevant whether the bag is suspended in one or the other hole. The cut opening at the end of the bag which, when suspended, will face downwards, thereby serves as an outlet opening for the soaking water. It may be convenient to form a 2-3 cm long weld at the cut corners of the bag and in conjunction with the actual edge weld, so as to form a channel in which a hose for the irrigation water can be retained.

25 I en anden udførelsesform for dyrkningsposen, hvor dyrknings-substratet består af plastskum, er dyrkningssubstratet en plade af fleksibelt polyurethanskum med en tykkelse på ca.In another embodiment of the culture bag, wherein the culture substrate consists of plastic foam, the culture substrate is a flexible polyurethane foam sheet having a thickness of approx.

0,5-1,0 cm og en facon svarende til posens form, og poiyure-30 thanskummet har en vumvægt på 4060 kg/τα . En sådan dyrkningspose kan være karakteriseret ved, at dyrkningssubstratet er en ca. 0,5 cm tyk plade fleksibelt polyurethanskum, der i posens ophængningsretning er ca. 40 cm lang og i vandret retning er ca. 20 cm bred, at polyurethanets skumvægt er 35 ca. 50. kg/m , at posen i fladlagt stilling er ca. 44 cm lang og ca. 25 cm bred, og at posens sammenføjning forneden er begrænset til to i afstand fra hinanden beliggende sammensvejs- 80.5-1.0 cm and a shape corresponding to the shape of the bag, and the polyurethane foam has a weight of 4060 kg / τα. Such a culture bag may be characterized in that the culture substrate is a ca. 0.5 cm thick sheet of flexible polyurethane foam, which is approx. 40 cm long and in the horizontal direction is approx. 20 cm wide, the foam weight of the polyurethane is approx. 50. kg / m, the bag in the flattened position is approx. 44 cm long and approx. 25 cm wide, and that the bottom of the bag is limited to two spaced apart joints 8

DK 157831 BDK 157831 B

ninger. En således udformet dyrkningspose har vist sig velegnet til de fleste afgrødebærende planter.costs. A cultivation bag thus designed has proved suitable for most crop-bearing plants.

Den lodrette orientering af plastposen ifølge opfindelsen 5 er betinget af anvendelsen af et porøst dyrkningssubstrat, der i gennemvædet tilstand udfylder posen og ikke klapper sammen, således som det ville være tilfældet for en eksempelvis afvandet "plade" af kompost eller et jordholdigt materiale. Det er imidlertid muligt at folde dyrkningsposen ifølge opfin-10 delsen langs lodrette linier i posens ophængte tilstand, hvorved der i plantens tidlige vækststadium opnås mulighed for at samle dyrkningsposerne og dermed opnå en pladsbesparelse, hvilket yderligere har en gunstig virkning på varmeforbruget ved plantedyrkningen.The vertical orientation of the plastic bag of the invention 5 is contingent upon the use of a porous culture substrate which fills the bag in a soaked condition and does not collapse, as would be the case for, for example, a watered "plate" of compost or an earthy material. However, it is possible to fold the cultivation bag according to the invention along vertical lines in the suspended state of the bag, whereby in the early growth stage of the plant it is possible to collect the cultivation bags and thus obtain a space saving, which further has a favorable effect on the heat consumption in plant cultivation.

1515

Ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen opnås de kendte fordele ved jordløs plantedyrkning, dvs. undgåelse af sygdomme hidrørende fra jordbakterier og effektiv kontrol med planternes forsyning med vand, næringsstoffer og oxygen. Herved har det 20 eksempelvis vist sig muligt at dyrke salat med et betydeligt lavere nitritindhold, end det er muligt ved dyrkning af salat i jord under sædvanlige dyrkningsbetingelser.In the method according to the invention, the known advantages of landless plant cultivation are obtained, i.e. avoiding diseases caused by soil bacteria and effective control of the plants' supply of water, nutrients and oxygen. Hereby, for example, it has been found possible to grow lettuce with a significantly lower nitrite content than is possible by growing lettuce in soil under normal cultivation conditions.

Vandingen af planterne, som sker ved vandtilførsel til dyrk-25 ningssubstratet i poserne foretages hensigtsmæssigt automatisk og ved hjælp af kendte midler. Planterne, der som følge af ophængningen er lette at flytte på, fjernes fra hinanden i takt med deres udvikling og gradvis stigende pladsbehov.The watering of the plants which occurs by water supply to the culture substrate in the bags is conveniently carried out automatically and by known means. The plants, which are easy to move as a result of the suspension, are removed from each other in step with their development and gradually increasing space requirements.

Da fordampningen af vand under plantedyrkningen er nedbragt 30 til et minimum, opnås der en væsentlig vandbesparelse ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen, og sammenlignet med tilsvarende dyrkning på jord vil vandbesparelsen være ca. 60-75%. En tilsvarende besparelse opnås med hensyn til forbruget af næringsstoffer, som sættes til vandingsvandet. Når dyrk-35 ningsposerne er ophængt, og vandingssystemet er monteret, er arbejdsforbruget i forbindelse med fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen endvidere meget lavt sammenlignet med traditionelAs the evaporation of water during plant cultivation is reduced to a minimum, a substantial water saving is achieved by the method according to the invention, and compared with corresponding cultivation on soil the water saving will be approx. 60-75%. A similar saving is achieved in the consumption of nutrients added to the irrigation water. Furthermore, when the culture bags are suspended and the irrigation system is mounted, the labor consumption of the method according to the invention is very low compared to conventional

Claims (10)

10 Patentkrav.10 Patent Claims. 1. Fremgangsmåde til dyrkning af planter, ved hvilken et porøst dyrkningssubstrat omsluttet af en plastfolie i poseform 15 anvendes til rodudvikling, medens plantestænglen strækker sig gennem en åbning i posen, og hvor dyrkningssubstratet kontinuerligt forsynes med vand indeholdende defor plantevæksten nødvendige tilsætningsstoffer, hvorhos vandet forlader posen gennem en eller flere åbninger i posen i den modsatte 2o ende af denne i forhold til åbningen for stænglen, ken detegnet ved, at vandingsvandet bringes til at sive ned gennem en vandgennemtrængelig, men ikke hydrofil, plade af dyrkningssubstratet, der ikke indeholder jord, og som er udskåret i form som posen, som er ophængt med pladens 25 plan i en lodret retning, og hvor vandingsvandet opsamles under bunden af posen og recirkuleres til pladen af dyrkningssubstrat gennem topåbningen i posen, hvorigennem plante-stænglen vokser.A method of growing plants in which a porous culture substrate enclosed by a plastic film in bag form 15 is used for root development, while the plant stem extends through an opening in the bag and wherein the growing substrate is continuously supplied with water containing the necessary plant growth additives where the water leaves. the bag through one or more openings in the bag at the opposite end thereof relative to the opening of the stem, characterized in that the irrigation water is caused to seep through a water-permeable, but not hydrophilic, plate of the culture substrate containing no soil, and which is cut into the shape of the bag which is suspended with the plane of the plate 25 in a vertical direction, and wherein the irrigation water is collected below the bottom of the bag and is recycled to the plate of culture substrate through the top opening of the bag through which the plant stem grows. 2. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at plantedyrkningsposen indeholdende dyrkningssubstratet benyttes ophængt i en snor, der samtidigt danner fæste for planten og dens afgrøde.Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the plant growing bag containing the growing substrate is used suspended in a string, which simultaneously forms attachment to the plant and its crop. 3. Dyrkningspose fremstillet af en plastpose med en åbning for plantestænglen ved den ene ende og en eller flere åbninger i den modsatte ende og indeholdende et porøst dyrkningssubstrat DK 157831 B til brug ved fremgangsmåden ifølge krav 1 eller 2, kendetegnet ved, at posen er indrettet og udformet til lodret ophængning og til opsamling af vand, der falder gennem åbningen eller åbningerne i den ende, der er modsat åbningen 5 for plantestænglen, og til recirkulering af vandingsvandet til dyrkningssubstratet gennem åbningen for plantestænglen, og hvor dyrkningssubstratet er skåret i pladeform i form som plastposen af et vandgennemtrængeligt, men ikke hydrofilt plademateriale, der ikke indeholder jord, hvor pladens plan 10 er orienteret lodret i ophængt stilling af posen.Cultivation bag made of a plastic bag having an opening for the plant stem at one end and one or more openings at the opposite end and containing a porous culture substrate DK 157831 B for use in the method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bag is arranged and designed for vertical suspension and for collecting water falling through the orifice at the end opposite the orifice 5 orifice and for recirculating the irrigation water to the culture substrate through the orifice plant orifice and the culture substrate being cut into plate form such as the plastic bag of a water-permeable but not hydrophilic sheet material that does not contain soil where the plane 10 of the sheet is oriented vertically in the suspended position of the bag. 4. Dyrkningspose ifølge krav 3, kendetegnet ved, at posen er fremstillet af et lys-uigennemtrængeligt, fortrinsvis lys-reflekterende materiale. 15Cultivation bag according to claim 3, characterized in that the bag is made of a light-impervious, preferably light-reflecting material. 15 5. Dyrkningspose ifølge krav 4, kendetegnet ved, at posen foroven i nærheden af åbningen for plantestænglen har en gennemgående åbning for en ophængningssnor.Cultivation bag according to claim 4, characterized in that the bag at the top near the opening of the plant stem has a through opening for a hanging cord. 6. Dyrkningspose ifølge krav 4 eller 5, kendeteg net ved, at posen er dannet af to firkantede, fortrinsvis rektangulære plastfolielag, der er sammenføjet langs deres omkreds.Cultivation bag according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the bag is formed of two square, preferably rectangular, plastic foil layers joined along their circumference. 7. Dyrkningspose ifølge krav 4 eller 5, kendeteg net ved, at posen er dannet af to trekantede plastfolielag, som er sammenføjet langs deres omkreds, og som i posens ophængte stilling danner en ligebenet trekant, hvis grundlinie er vandret. 30Cultivation bag according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the bag is formed of two triangular plastic foil layers which are joined along their circumference and which in the suspended position of the bag form a straight-legged triangle whose baseline is horizontal. 30 8. Dyrkningspose ifølge krav 6 eller 7, kendetegnet ved, at dyrkningssubstratet er en måtte svarende til formen af posen og fortrinsvis bestående af glasuld, stenuld eller skumplast eller vævet eller ikke-vævet fiberholdigt 35 tekstilmateriale.Cultivation bag according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the culture substrate is a mat corresponding to the shape of the bag and preferably consisting of glass wool, rock wool or foam plastic or woven or nonwoven fibrous textile material. 9. Dyrkningspose ifølge krav 6 eller 7, hvor dyrkningssubstra- DK 157831 B tet består af plastskum, kendetegnet ved, at dyrkningssubstratet er en plade af fleksibelt polyurethanskum med en tykkelse på ca. 0,5-1,0 cm og en facon svarende til posens form, og at polyurethanskummet har en rumvægt på 40-60 5 kg/m^.The culture bag according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the culture substrate consists of plastic foam, characterized in that the culture substrate is a sheet of flexible polyurethane foam having a thickness of approx. 0.5-1.0 cm and a shape corresponding to the shape of the bag, and that the polyurethane foam has a weight of 40-60 5 kg / m 2. 10. Dyrkningspose ifølge krav 6, hvor dyrkningssubstratet består af plastskum, kendetegnet ved, at dyrkningssubstratet er en ca. 0,5 cm tyk plade af fleksibelt polyure-10 thanskum, der i posens ophængningsretning er ca. 40 cm lang og i vandret retning er ca. 20 cm bred, at polyurethanets rum-vægt er ca. 50 kg/m , at den fladlagte pose er ca. 44 cm lang og ca. 25 cm bred, og at posens sammenføjning forneden er begrænset til to i afstand fra hinanden liggende sammen-15 svejsninger. 20 25 30 35The culture bag according to claim 6, wherein the culture substrate consists of plastic foam, characterized in that the culture substrate is a ca. 0.5 cm thick sheet of flexible polyurethane foam which in the hanging direction of the bag is approx. 40 cm long and in the horizontal direction is approx. 20 cm wide, the space weight of the polyurethane is approx. 50 kg / m, the flat bag is approx. 44 cm long and approx. 25 cm wide, and that the bottom of the bag is limited to two spaced apart welds. 20 25 30 35
DK442079A 1979-10-19 1979-10-19 PROCEDURE FOR CULTIVATING PLANTS AND CULTIVATION BAG FOR USE IN THE PROCEDURE DK157831C (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK442079A DK157831C (en) 1979-10-19 1979-10-19 PROCEDURE FOR CULTIVATING PLANTS AND CULTIVATION BAG FOR USE IN THE PROCEDURE
US07/557,397 US5201141A (en) 1979-10-19 1990-07-23 Method of hydroponical growing of plants and an apparatus and a system for use by the method

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DK442079 1979-10-19
DK442079A DK157831C (en) 1979-10-19 1979-10-19 PROCEDURE FOR CULTIVATING PLANTS AND CULTIVATION BAG FOR USE IN THE PROCEDURE

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CN103518597A (en) * 2012-07-01 2014-01-22 定西市丰源农业科技有限责任公司 Paeonia rockii anti-season potting technique

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN108401719B (en) * 2018-02-08 2020-04-24 温州大学激光与光电智能制造研究院 Automatic cucumber cultivation system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103518597A (en) * 2012-07-01 2014-01-22 定西市丰源农业科技有限责任公司 Paeonia rockii anti-season potting technique

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