DK157710B - PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING AND DISASSEMBLY OF AGED, NO LONGER USEFUL PLASTIC PRODUCTS - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING AND DISASSEMBLY OF AGED, NO LONGER USEFUL PLASTIC PRODUCTS Download PDFInfo
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- DK157710B DK157710B DK242582A DK242582A DK157710B DK 157710 B DK157710 B DK 157710B DK 242582 A DK242582 A DK 242582A DK 242582 A DK242582 A DK 242582A DK 157710 B DK157710 B DK 157710B
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- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- plastic
- reflection
- measuring
- objects
- bottle
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims description 44
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);selenium(2-) Chemical compound [Se-2].[Cd+2] UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001795 light effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/44—Resins; Plastics; Rubber; Leather
- G01N33/442—Resins; Plastics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
- B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0203—Separating plastics from plastics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
- B29B2017/0279—Optical identification, e.g. cameras or spectroscopy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/712—Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
- B29L2031/7134—Crates, e.g. for bottles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
Description
DK 157710BDK 157710B
Opfindelsen angår en fremgangsmåde til konstatering og frasortering af ældede, ikke længere brugbare plastgenstande fra den yderligere brug.The invention relates to a method for detecting and disposing of aged, no longer usable plastic objects from the further use.
5 Opfindelsen tager sigte på at undgå kostbare følgeskader, der kan forårsages af ældede, ikke længere brugbare plastgenstande .The invention aims at avoiding costly consequential damages that can be caused by old, no longer usable plastic objects.
Som bekendt forløber der i {termoplastiske) plastgenstande 10 en - kemisk og fysisk - ældningsproces ved indvirkning af lysstråling (i det synlige eller ikke synlige område) i nærværelse af luft (oxygen) og varme, nemlig på genstandenes overflade. Denne ældningsproces er som følge af det forskellige omfang af indvirkningen af lys, oxygen og var-15 me på plastgenstanden uafhængig af alderen og kun i ringe grad afhængig af plastgenstandenes brugshyppighed. Derfor kan man alene ud fra genstandenes alder ikke slutte sig til noget om genstandenes ældningstilstand. Denne ældning fører - udgående fra genstandenes overflade - til at plas-20 ten bliver sprød og dermed til formindskelse af genstandens brugbarhed, I kunststoffe 60 (1970), side 391-397, beskrives en tidsforkortet afprøvning og vurdering af lys- og ældningsbestandighe-25 den af plast efter bestråling med xenon-bestrålingsapparatet. Lysægtheden af pigmenterede PVC-profiler over for naturlig og kunstig forvitring undersøges, og de to metoder sammenlignes med hinanden. Ændringen af farven vurderes visuelt med den blå skala og kolorimetrisk ved hjælp af trefiIterfotometeret. For-30 vitringen i zenotestapparatet muliggør en brugbar forudsigelse vedrørende opførselen ved forvitring i det fri.As is well known, in {thermoplastic) plastic articles 10, a - chemical and physical - aging process is effected by the action of light radiation (in the visible or invisible area) in the presence of air (oxygen) and heat, namely on the surface of the objects. This aging process is independent of the age and, to a small extent, dependent on the frequency of use of the plastic articles due to the different extent of the effect of light, oxygen and heat on the plastic article. Therefore, based on the age of the objects, one cannot agree on anything about the aging state of the objects. This aging leads - from the surface of the objects - to make the plastic brittle and thus to reduce the usefulness of the article. that of plastic after irradiation with the xenon irradiator. The lightfastness of pigmented PVC profiles against natural and artificial weathering is investigated and the two methods are compared. The change in color is assessed visually with the blue scale and colorimetric using the triple photometer. The weathering in the zenotest allows a useful prediction of the behavior of weathering in the open.
Endvidere beskrives lysægthed og mekaniske egenskaber af lav-tryksethylen efter påvirkning i xenotestapparatet. Strækspæn-35 ding og forlængelse ved strækspænding giver værdifulde oplysninger for vurderingen af ældningsforholdene efter påvirkningen i xenotestapparatet, også når prøverne ikke giver mulighedFurther, light fastness and mechanical properties of low-pressure ethylene are described after exposure in the xenotester. Stretch tension and elongation at tensile stress provide valuable information for the assessment of aging conditions following the influence in the xenotest, even when the tests do not allow
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2 for at erkende nogen mærkbar farveændring ved den visuelle vurdering. Ved hjælp af denne nedbrydende afprøvning kan der allerede påvises en materialeforandring før en ændring af farven kan erkendes. Plastgenstendens ældningsgrad er altså 5 ikke direkte forbundet med dens her bestemte reflektionsevne.2 to recognize any noticeable color change in the visual assessment. By means of this degrading test, a change of material can already be detected before a change in color can be recognized. Thus, the degree of aging of the plastic article is not directly related to its reflectivity determined here.
Såfremt den visuelle vurdering af farven suppleres med en måling på fotometeret, har det vist sig hensigtsmæssigt at kon-stantere farveværdiandelene X og Y og at tage farveværdien Y med i betragtning som mål for lysheden. Disse størrelser er de sædvanlige kolorimetriske kendetegnsstørrelser til vurdering af farver og farveforskelle.If the visual assessment of the color is supplemented by a measurement on the photometer, it has proved appropriate to constant the color value proportions X and Y and to take the color value Y into consideration as a measure of brightness. These sizes are the usual colorimetric feature sizes for assessing color and color differences.
I DIN 5035, blad 2 (marts 1972) defineres begreber på området 15 vedrørende ældning af højpolymere materialer. Som ældningsfænomen angives blandt andet farveændringen - især gulningen. Ifølge nævnte tyske industrinorm er farveændring og gulning et af flere mulige ældningsfænomener. Industrinormen angiver ingen tvungen sammenhæng mellem på den ene side ældning og på 20 den anden side farveændring og gulning. Som vist i Kunststoffe 60 (1970) (se ovenfor), kan plasten allerede være ældet, før en farveændring kan erkendes.DIN 5035, leaf 2 (March 1972) defines concepts in the area 15 regarding aging of high polymer materials. The aging phenomenon is indicated, among other things, the color change - especially the yellowing. According to the German industry standard, color change and yellowing are one of several possible aging phenomena. The industry standard does not indicate any coherent relationship between, on the one hand, aging and, on the other, color change and yellowing. As shown in Kunststoffe 60 (1970) (see above), the plastic may already be aged before a color change can be recognized.
I tilfælde af plastgenstande til gentagen anvendelse, f.eks.In the case of plastic articles for repeated use, e.g.
25 flervej sflasketransportkas s er af masseindfarvede polyolefi- ner, forårsages følgeskader som følge af en tilstrækkelig stor ældning. Disse kan ytre sig som væsentlige forstyrrelser ved den automatiske påfyldning inden for drikkevareindustrien eller som sammenbrud af kassestabler eller palet-30 stabler på lager eller under transport.25 multi-way bottle transport boxes are of mass-colored polyolefins, consequential damage is caused by a sufficiently large aging. These can manifest themselves as significant disruptions in the automatic filling in the beverage industry or as collapse of box stacks or pallet stacks in stock or during transportation.
Ældningstilstanden og dermed brugbarheden efter en vis brugstid kan konstateres ved hjælp af forskellige kemiske eller mekaniske metoder. Disse er altid tidsrøvende og for det 35 meste ikke uden ødelæggende virkning og dermed kun anvendelige på enkelte plastgenstande. De kendte metoder uden ødelæggende virkning kan i tilfælde af meget store stykantal af plastgenstande heller ikke anvendes rutinemæssigt. Der- 3The aging state and thus the usefulness after a certain useful life can be ascertained by various chemical or mechanical methods. These are always time-consuming and mostly not devastating and therefore only applicable to individual plastic objects. The known methods without destructive effect can also not be routinely used in the case of very large pieces of plastic articles. There- 3
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ved har der hidtil manglet en metode uden nedbrydende virkning, hvormed man kan fastslå ældningstilstanden af plastgenstande på simpel måde, og hvormed man ud fra et meget stort antal ensartede genstande kan konstatere og fraskille 5 de pågældende genstande, der som følge af fremskreden ældning ikke længere er brugbare.so far, a method without degrading effect has been lacking, in which the state of aging of plastic articles can be determined in a simple manner and by means of a very large number of uniform articles it is possible to ascertain and separate those objects which, as a result of advanced aging, no longer exist. are usable.
Til grund for opfindelsen ligger den opgave at konstatere ældningstilstanden af plastgenstande - uafhængigt af deres alder - ved hjælp af en nedbrydningsfri målemetode uden 10 berøring med henblik på frasortering af ikke længere brugbare genstande ud fra flere ens genstande.The object of the invention is to determine the aging state of plastic objects - irrespective of their age - by means of a degradation-free measurement method without contact for the sorting of no longer usable objects from several similar objects.
Dette opnås ifølge opfindelsen ved hjælp af - belysning af plastgenstandene med en lyskilde, der udsender lyset i det samlede synlige spektralområde (hvidt 15 lys), - måling af reflektionen på mindst ét kritisk sted på plastgenstandenes overflade i et til plastgenstandenes farve afstemt område af spektret, der ligger udenfor plastgenstandens farveområde, og - frasortering af alle plastgenstande, hvis reflektion lig- 20 ger uden for et forud fastlagt beregnet område.This is achieved according to the invention by: - illuminating the plastic objects with a light source that emits light in the total visible spectral range (white light), - measuring the reflection at at least one critical point on the surface of the plastic objects in a region of the spectrum of the plastic objects color which is outside the color region of the plastic article, and - the removal of all plastic objects whose reflection lies outside a predetermined calculated range.
Som lyskilder egner sig hvide lysstoflamper, halogenlamper eller Xenon-højtrykslamper. Intet farvefilter indskydes i belysningsstrålegangen. Bølgelængdeområdet af det fra overfladen af plastgenstanden tilbagekastede lys skal for 25 en stor dels vedkommende være indeholdt i det fra lyskil den udstrålede lys.White lamps, halogen lamps or Xenon high-pressure lamps are suitable as light sources. No color filter is inserted into the illumination beam path. The wavelength range of the light reflected from the surface of the plastic article must, for a large part, be contained in the light emitted from the light source.
Rsflektionen bliver ved en af de kendte metoder målt under anvendelse af et i handelen gående farvemåleapparat og under iagttagelse af den til optiske undersøgelser nødvendige om-30 hyggelighed« Fra det tilbagekastede lys, hvis spektralområde 4The reflectance is measured by one of the known methods using a commercially available color measurement apparatus and taking into account the convenience required for optical examinations' From the reflected light whose spectral range 4
DK 157710BDK 157710B
og intensitet afhænger af plastgenstandens farve og overfladens tilstand, frafiltreres et passende spektralområde ved hjælp af et farvefilter i reflektionsstrålegangen, hvorved metoden bliver tilstrækkelig følsom.and intensity depends on the color of the plastic article and the state of the surface, an appropriate spectral range is filtered out by means of a color filter in the reflection beam path, thereby making the method sufficiently sensitive.
55
Det beregnede område, hvori reflektionen fra de endnu brugbare genstande skal ligge, retter sig efter de til den foreliggende plastgenstand specifikke krav til brugbarheden.The calculated area in which the reflection from the still usable objects should lie is in accordance with the requirements specific to the usefulness of the present plastic article.
10 Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen beror på sammenhængen mellem plastgenstandens ældningstilstand og overfladens reflektion. Målet for ældningstilstanden er forskellen mellem reflektionstallene for overfladen af en helt ubenyttet plastgenstand og af den ældede plastgenstand af samme art 15 og farve i et udvalgt bølgelængdeområde, der ligger uden for det bølgelængdeområde, hvori plastgenstanden udviser den største reflektion, idet målebetingelserne for de to genstande er ens. I betragtning af angivelserne i Kunststoffe £0 (1970) er denne sammenhæng overraskende.The method according to the invention depends on the relationship between the aging state of the plastic article and the reflection of the surface. The measure of the aging state is the difference between the reflectance figures for the surface of a completely unused plastic article and of the aged plastic article of the same species 15 and color in a selected wavelength range which is outside the wavelength range in which the plastic article exhibits the greatest reflection, the measurement conditions of the two objects are identical. Given the particulars in Kunststoffe £ 0 (1970), this connection is surprising.
2020
Som kritiske steder på plastgenstandenes overflade betegnes sådanne steder, som ved sædvanlig brug er udsat for indvirkningen af lys, oxygen og varme samt mekaniske træk-,' tryk- og bøjningspåvirkninger og ikke udviser nogen meka-25 niske beskadigelser eller forandringer (såsom skrammer, slibe- eller skurespor, påklæbninger, klæbestoffer, fremmedlegemer, påtryk, prægninger).Critical places on the surface of the plastic articles are those which are subject to the effects of light, oxygen and heat, as well as mechanical pull, pressure and bending effects, and do not exhibit any mechanical damage or alteration (such as scratches, abrasions). - or scouring tracks, adhesives, adhesives, foreign matter, imprints, embossings).
Det har vist sig hensigtsmæssigt at måle reflektionen på 30 to kritiske steder af plastgenstandes overflade, der lig ger på to ca. vinkelret i forhold til hinanden stående ydersider af en genstand, som ved anvendelsen af genstanden ifølge sin bestemmelse er udsat for lyspåvirkning. Såfremt det er nødvendigt, kan reflektionen måles på flere end 35 to eller på alle sider af genstanden, I disse tilfælde er flere lyskilder og en modtager for hver af de til måling bestemte sider af genstanden nødvendige.It has been found appropriate to measure the reflection at two critical sites of the surface of the plastic article, which is equal to two approx. perpendicular to each other exterior surfaces of an object which, when using the article according to its determination, is exposed to light. If necessary, the reflection can be measured on more than 35 two or all sides of the object. In these cases, more light sources and a receiver are required for each of the sides of the object to be measured.
55
DK 157710BDK 157710B
En plastgenstand frasorteres og udelukkes fra yderligere brug, såfremt reflektionen fra et eller mere end et kritisk 5 sted ligger uden for det af plastgenstanden afhængige bereg nede område.A plastic article is filtered out and excluded from further use if the reflection from one or more than one critical location is outside the calculated area dependent on the plastic object.
Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen frembyder følgende fordele: 10 - Den er praktisk taget uafhængig af svingningerne i plastgenstandenes pigmentindhold.The method according to the invention offers the following advantages: 10 - It is practically independent of the fluctuations in the pigment content of the plastic articles.
- Den er uden ødelæggende virkninger og berøringsløs samt 15 forbundet med acceptabelt opbud.- It is devoid of destructive effects and is without touch and 15 associated with acceptable tenders.
- Den kan let tages i brug i allerede forhåndenværende indretninger til håndtering af plastgenstandene.- It can easily be put into use in devices already available for handling the plastic objects.
20 - Den muliggør konstatering af genstandenes ældningstilstand, selvom flere genstande af samme art visuelt praktisk taget ikke kan skelnes indbyrdes, og således også, når farvemålingen ifølge DIN 5033, blad 6, ikke viser nogen ændring af farven.20 - It enables the aging state of the objects to be ascertained, although several objects of the same kind are virtually indistinguishable visually, and thus also when the color measurement according to DIN 5033, leaf 6, shows no change in color.
25 - Den fungerer automatisk og kan især i tilfælde af store stykantal af plastgenstande benyttes kontinuerligt.25 - It works automatically and can be used continuously especially in case of large pieces of plastic articles.
- Den er fri for subjektive påvirkninger.- It is free from subjective influences.
3030
Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen kan anvendes til i massen pigmenterede plastgenstande. Genstandene kan have forskellig form og farve og benyttes til forskellige formål.The process of the invention can be used for mass pigmented plastic articles. The objects can be of different shape and color and used for different purposes.
35 Ældede flervejsflasketransportkasser af eksempelvis poly= definer, der frembyder en for stor sikkerhedsrisko til yderligere anvendelse, er karakteriseret ved følgende reflektion (målt i forhold til MgO-hvidtstandard i et spektralfotometer med efterindskudt Ulbricht-kugle) i 635 Aged multi-way bottle transport boxes of, for example, polydefines presenting too high a safety risk for further use are characterized by the following reflection (measured in relation to MgO white standard in a spectral photometer with post-shot Ulbricht sphere) in 6
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nærheden af den øvre omløbende rand ca. i midten af en lodret kasseyderside: r)proximity of the upper circumferential border approx. in the center of a vertical box face: r)
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DK 157710BDK 157710B
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Til flasketransportkasser, der er farvet med andre pigmenter, eller til sådanne kasser af andre kunststoffer eller til plastgenstande med andre anvendelsesformål kan der ligeledes for udvalgte spektralområder angives beregnede eller 5 ønskede områder, hvori reflektionen for en ældet plastgenstand skal ligge, før genstanden skal frasorteres.For bottle transport boxes colored with other pigments, or for such boxes of other plastics or for plastic objects for other uses, calculated or desired areas may also be indicated for selected spectral areas in which the reflection of an aged plastic object must lie before the object is to be sorted.
EksempelExample
Til konstateringen og frasorteringen af ældede og ikke længere brugbare flervejsflasketransportkasser af poly= 10 ethylen, der i massen er farvet mørkerøde med cadmium-selenid, går man eksempelvis frem som følger.For example, for the detection and sorting of aged and no longer usable multi-way bottle transport boxes of poly = 10 ethylene, which are colored in the mass dark red with cadmium-selenide, proceed as follows.
Efter vaskeprocessen gennemløber de rensede, tørre flasketransportkasser målezonen på transportbåndet til kassefyldes tationen. Denne målezone består af en over transport-15 båndet inden for en afskærmning placeret belysningsindretning med hvide lysstofrør som lyskilde. Afskærmningen holder uønskede lysindvirkninger borte. Strømforsyningen til lysstofrørene er stabiliseret. Lysstofrørene belyser fortrinsvis den øvre omløbende rand af flaskekasserne i en 20 retning, der skråner noget i forhold til fladenormalerne .After the washing process, the cleaned, dry bottle transport boxes pass the measuring zone on the conveyor belt to the box filling station. This measuring zone consists of a lighting device with white fluorescent lamps as a light source placed above the conveyor band within a shield. The shield keeps unwanted light effects away. The power supply for the fluorescent lamps is stabilized. The fluorescent tubes preferably illuminate the upper orbital rim of the bottle boxes in a direction that slopes somewhat with respect to the surface normals.
Som farvemåleapparat anvendes et i handelen gående apparat med farvevideokamera. Reflektionsstrålegangens akse står vinkelret på målefladen på flaskekassen. Målefladen ligger 25 på en lodret yderside af flaskekasserne ca, i midten af den øvre, omløbende U-rand. Foran farvemåleindretningens videokamera indskydes et blåfilter.As a color measuring device, a commercially available device with color video camera is used. The axis of the reflection beam is perpendicular to the measuring surface of the bottle box. The measuring surface is located 25 on a vertical outside of the bottle boxes approximately, in the middle of the upper, circumferential U-rim. A blue filter is inserted in front of the color measuring device's video camera.
Hver af de over transportbåndet på sædvanlig måde løbende flaskekasser gennemløber målezonen, hvorved målefladens 30 reflektion måles. Hvis reflektionsværdien for en flaske- kasse ligger uden for det beregnede område/bliver den på-Each of the bottle boxes running over the conveyor belt in the usual way passes through the measuring zone, whereby the reflection of the measuring surface 30 is measured. If the reflection value of a bottle box is outside the calculated range /
DK 157710 BDK 157710 B
8 gældende kasse automatisk skubbet bort fra transportbåndet.8 applicable box is automatically pushed away from the conveyor belt.
Eftersom en relativ måling er tilstrækkelig til denne fremgangsmåde, indstilles farvemåleindretningen på følgende måde: 5 Farvemåleindretningens viserapparat bliver ved hjælp af en ubenyttet flaskekasse i målezonen indstillet på nul ved hjælp af apparativ indstilling. Derefter bliver en flaskekasse af samme art, der ikke længere er brugbar, skudt ind i målezonen. Herved viser farvemåleindretningens viserappa-10 rat eksempelvis 2,3 mV. Apparatet til bortskydning af flaskekasserne med en udenfor det beregnede område liggende reflektion fra målefladen udløses automatisk ved hjælp af farvemåleindretningen, så snart viserapparatet viser mere end 2,3 mV.Since a relative measurement is sufficient for this method, the color measuring device is set as follows: 5 The color measuring device's display device is set to zero by means of an unused bottle box in the measuring zone by means of apparatus setting. Then a bottle box of the same kind that is no longer usable is shot into the measurement zone. Hereby, for example, the color measuring device's display apparatus shows 2.3 mV. The apparatus for dispensing the bottle boxes with a reflection outside the calculated range from the measuring surface is automatically triggered by the color measuring device as soon as the display device shows more than 2.3 mV.
15 Nuljusteringen af viserapparatet og indstillingen af den automatiske udløsning af bortskydningsapparatet kan gentages vilkårligt efter behov ved hjælp af den ubenyttede og den ikke længere brugbare flaskekasse,15 The zero adjustment of the pointer and the setting of the automatic release of the pointer can be repeated arbitrarily as needed by means of the unused and no longer usable bottle box,
Reflektionen fra den til indstilling af farvemåleindret-20 ningen benyttede ikke længere brugbare flasketransport- kasse blev forinden målt på et spektralfotometer med efter-indskudt Ulbricht-kugle i forhold til MgO-hvidt-standard. Målefladen på denne flaskekasses kritiske sted viste herved en middelreflektion på 10% i spektralområdet 400-500 25 nm. Dermed ligger denne kasses reflektion på grænsen af det beregnede område for ældede, endnu brugbare flaske-kasser.The reflection from the no longer usable bottle transport box used to adjust the color measuring device was previously measured on a spectral photometer with post-injected Ulbricht sphere relative to the MgO white standard. The measuring surface at the critical site of this bottle box showed a mean reflection of 10% in the spectral range 400-500 25 nm. Thus, this box's reflection lies on the boundary of the calculated range for aged, yet usable bottle boxes.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3121928 | 1981-06-03 | ||
DE19813121928 DE3121928A1 (en) | 1981-06-03 | 1981-06-03 | METHOD FOR DETECTING AND ELIMINATING AGED PLASTIC OBJECTS NO LONGER USED |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DK242582A DK242582A (en) | 1982-12-04 |
DK157710B true DK157710B (en) | 1990-02-05 |
DK157710C DK157710C (en) | 1990-07-16 |
Family
ID=6133765
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DK242582A DK157710C (en) | 1981-06-03 | 1982-05-28 | PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING AND DISASSEMBLY OF AGED, NO LONGER USEFUL PLASTIC PRODUCTS |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0068086B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3121928A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK157710C (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3416594C2 (en) * | 1984-05-04 | 1986-03-13 | Alexander Schoeller & Co AG, Volketswil, Schwerzenbach | Method for determining oxidation-dependent properties of similar plastic bodies and uses of the method and device for carrying out the method on large injection-molded parts, in particular bottle crates |
DE4102767A1 (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1992-08-06 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | METHOD FOR QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PLASTIC PARTICLES |
JP3275462B2 (en) * | 1993-07-14 | 2002-04-15 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Recycling system and recycling method |
DE4401207A1 (en) * | 1994-01-18 | 1995-07-20 | Tobias Fey | Identification of plastics packaging to facilitate recycling |
DE19632349C1 (en) * | 1996-08-10 | 1998-01-08 | Dieter Dipl Phys Dr Kockott | Method for determining property changes in a sample |
FI105419B (en) * | 1996-11-28 | 2000-08-15 | Tomra Systems Oy | Identifier and procedure for identifying objects |
DE102007014214A1 (en) * | 2007-03-24 | 2008-09-25 | Krones Ag | Device for checking the handles of a bottle crate |
SE537611C2 (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2015-07-28 | Scania Cv Ab | A method of estimating the aging of a plastic material and container including such plastic material |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1501766A (en) * | 1966-06-27 | 1967-11-18 | Process for continuous control of the oxidation of the plastic layer during the manufacture of composite sheets | |
DE2058564A1 (en) * | 1969-11-28 | 1971-06-24 | Statni Vyzkumny Ustav Material | Process for determining the degree of purity of regenerated sands, in particular molding sands |
-
1981
- 1981-06-03 DE DE19813121928 patent/DE3121928A1/en active Granted
-
1982
- 1982-04-07 EP EP82102970A patent/EP0068086B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-05-28 DK DK242582A patent/DK157710C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0068086A3 (en) | 1983-09-28 |
DK242582A (en) | 1982-12-04 |
EP0068086B1 (en) | 1987-02-11 |
DE3121928A1 (en) | 1982-12-23 |
DE3121928C2 (en) | 1988-01-14 |
EP0068086A2 (en) | 1983-01-05 |
DK157710C (en) | 1990-07-16 |
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