DK152524B

DK152524B - MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING SKIN-FREE FILETS OF FISH

Info

Publication number: DK152524B
Application number: DK190879AA
Authority: DK
Inventors: Alfred Bartels; Herbert Koehn; Guenther Pinkerneil
Original assignee: Nordischer Maschinenbau
Priority date: 1978-10-30
Filing date: 1979-05-09
Publication date: 1988-03-14
Also published as: DK190879A; DE2847188B1; DK152524C; DE2847188C2; NO790652L; NO144908B; CA1107016A; NO144908C

Description

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5 Opfindelsen angår en filetteringsmaskine til filettering og forberedelse, især af massefisk med højt fedtindhold, som sild, makrel eller kabliau, efter afskæring af hovedet for fremstilling af skindfrie enkeltfileter og med i det mindste ét par bugfilette-10 ringsknive og indbyrdes skråt anbragte ribbensknive, samt et par skråt i forhold til hinanden anbragte styringer, for indersiderne af de til en af skindet sammenholdt dobbeltfilet filetterede fisk, hvilke styringers kanter mellem sig indeslutter en styre-15 slidse.The invention relates to a filleting machine for filleting and preparation, especially of high fat pulp fish such as herring, mackerel or cabliau, after cutting off the head for the production of skinless single fillets and with at least one pair of bug fillet ring knives and mutually arranged rib knives, and a pair of obliquely arranged guides, for the inside of the double-filleted fish held by a double-lined fillet, the edges of which are enclosed between a guide slot.

Med sådanne filetteringsmaskiner kan der, alt efter udrustningen, fremstilles dobbelte eller enkelte fiskefileter.With such filleting machines, depending on the equipment, double or single fish fillets can be produced.

2020

Til fremstilling af skindfrie enkeltfileter skal de med en filetteringsmaskine fremstillede fileter af-skindes. Til afskinding af fileter af kabliauagtige fisk og fisk med lavt fedtindhold, kendes der afskin-25 dingsmekanismer, der tillader fremstilling af skindfrie fileter af sådanne fisk. Ved anvendelse af sådanne afskindingsmekanismer til afskinding af fileter af fedtholdige fisk, som f.eks. sild, optræder der selv ved særlig indretning en række vanskeligheder, 30 der udelukker industriel udnyttelse af sådanne afskindingsmekanismer til afskinding af fileter af fedtholdige fisk. Det skyldes på den ene side, at dise fisks skindtykkelse er meget lille, og på den anden side, at der mellem fileternes muskelkød og skin- 2 DK 15252^3 det på visse steder er indlejret fedtlag, der, hvis de ikke fjernes, forringer både smagen og udseendet af de skindfrie fileter. Hos sild findes der således i ryghvælvningen på begge sider af rygfinnen en 5 fedtstribe, hvis substans, efter maskinel afskinding af de ved hjælp af en kendt filetteringsmaskine fremstillede fileter, i større eller mindre grad findes på de skindfrie fileter fordelt over disses overflade som en mørk og fedtet masse, hvis fjernelse er van-10 skelig og tidsrøvende.For making skinless single fillets, fillets made with a filleting machine must be skinned. For cutting off fillets of cable-like fish and low fat fish, there are known cutting mechanisms which allow the production of skinless fillets of such fish. Using such scavenging mechanisms for scavenging fatty fish fillets such as herring, a number of difficulties arise even with special arrangement, 30 which preclude industrial exploitation of such scavenging mechanisms for scavenging fillets of fatty fish. This is on the one hand that the skin thickness of these fish is very small and, on the other hand, that between the fillets and the skin of the fillets there is in some places fat layers that, if not removed, degrade both the taste and the appearance of the skinless fillets. Thus, in herring, there is a grease strip on both sides of the dorsal fin, the substance of which, after machining the fillets made by a known filleting machine, is found to a greater or lesser extent on the skinless fillets distributed over their surface as a dark and greasy mass, the removal of which is difficult and time consuming.

Det er opfindelsens formål at anvise en filetteringsmaskine af den angivne art, hvormed der kan opnås fileter der ikke har de på begge sider af rygfinnen væ-15 rende fedtstriber.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the invention to provide a filleting machine of the kind specified, whereby fillets may be obtained which do not have the fat strips present on both sides of the dorsal fin.

Løsningen af denne opgave forudsætter, at fedtstriberne på begge sider af rygfinnen løsnes fra muskelkødet ved hjælp af snit, som føres inde fra kødsiden, 20 inden dobbeltfileten afskindes.The solution to this task requires that the fat streaks on both sides of the dorsal fin are detached from the muscle meat by means of incisions inserted from the meat side 20 before the double fillet is cut off.

Det opnås ifølge opfindelsen ved en filetteringsmaskine, hvor der ved styringerne er anbragt et par adskillelsesværktøjer med skrabekanter, der udgår fra 25 kanterne på styringerne, der begrænser styresivdr~n, og som er rettet opad og bort fra kanterne, hvilke skrabekanter indbyredes danner en foroven åben vinkel på mellem 60° og 180°C.It is achieved in accordance with the invention by a filleting machine, in which the guides are provided with a pair of separation tools with scraper edges starting from the 25 edges of the guides which limit the guide surface and which are directed upwards and away from the edges, which scraper edges form one above the other. open angle of between 60 ° and 180 ° C.

30 Herved opnås, at der ud fra sådan tilberedte dobbeltfileter ved afskindingen kan fremstilles enkeltfileter uden fedtstriber.Hereby it is obtained that from such prepared double fillets at the cut-off, single fillets can be made without grease streaks.

Fisken skæres nemlig i maskinen til en dobbeltfilet,The fish is cut in the machine into a double fillet,

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3 der er spaltet ind til rygfinnernes finneholdere. Adskillelsesværktøjerne trænger ind i snittene nede ved siden af rygfinnernes finneholdere, og glider derefter langs skindet, hvorved de i ryghvælvningen 5 indlejrede fedtstriber løsnes fra fiskekødet, idet fedtstriberne bliver siddende på indersiden af skin det. Ved den efterfølgende afskinding af fisken sker der en deling i tre dele, nemlig: to enkeltfileter og skind med fedtstriber.3 which are split into the spine holders fin holders. The separating tools penetrate the incisions down next to the dorsal fin pinnacles, and then slide along the skin, releasing the fat streaks embedded in the spine 5 as the fat streaks stay on the inside of the skin. The subsequent parting of the fish divides into three parts, namely: two single fillets and skins with fat streaks.

1010

Ifølge opfindelsen kan adskillelsesværktøjernes skra-bekanter i det mindste langs en del af deres længde have en i fiskens fremføringsretning voksende indbyrdes afstand. Herved bliver det muligt at løsne fedt-15 lagene begyndende ved siden af rygfinnens finneholdere og fortsættende udad langs ryghvælvningen med ringe påvirkning af fisken. Som omhandlet i krav 3 kan der bag adskillelsesværktøjerne være anbragt et par knive til gennemskæring af skindet på hver side af 20 styreslidsen. Herved opnås, at fileterne kan tilberedes til afskinding på sædvanlige afskindingsmaskiner.According to the invention, the scraper edges of the separating tools can at least along a portion of their length have a mutual distance growing in the direction of feeding of the fish. This makes it possible to loosen the fat-15 layers starting next to the dorsal fin retainers and continuing outwards along the dorsal arch with little effect on the fish. As defined in claim 3, a pair of knives for cutting the skin may be placed on each side of the guide slot behind the separation tools. This results in the fact that the fillets can be prepared for slicing on conventional slicing machines.

Som omhandlet i krav 4 kan der bag adskillelsesværktøjerne være anbragt et par på hver side af styre-25 slidsen liggende afskindingsknive, der ligger omtrent i samme plan, og som har skær, der fjerner sig fra hinanden. Herved opnås, at fileterne automatisk og i den til afskinding nøjagtigt oprettede stilling automatisk føres til afskindingsværktøjerne, at afskin-30 dingsmekanismens effekt forøges, og at der ikke kræves arbejdskraft til at tilføre fileter til afskin-dingsmekanismen.As defined in claim 4, a pair of cutting blades lying approximately on the same plane and having cut-off inserts may be arranged behind each of the separating tools. This results in the fact that the fillets are automatically and in the exact position created for cutting automatically being fed to the cutting tools, that the effect of the cutting mechanism is increased and that no labor is required to supply fillets to the cutting mechanism.

En filetteringsmaskine ifølge opfindelsen kan, somA filleting machine according to the invention can, as

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4 omhandlet i krav 5, være ejendommelig ved, at der i en afstand på omtrent en tiendedel millimeter over afskindingsknivenes fælles plan eller afskindingskni-venes skær er anbragt et transportbånd, hvis underste 5 løb er omløbende drevet i fremføringsretning, og som er understøttet i forhold til afskindingsknivene af en overliggende, stiv båndstyring. Herved bliver det muligt at føre de fra filetteringsmaskinen kommende dobbeltfileter forbi afskindingsknivene til fjernelse 10 af deres skind.4 as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that a conveyor belt whose bottom 5 running is circumferentially driven and which is supported in relation to the circumferential direction is arranged at a distance of about one tenth of a millimeter above the common plane of the cutter blades or cutter blades. to the cutting blades of an overhead, rigid band guide. This makes it possible to pass the double fillets coming from the filleting machine past the cutting blades to remove their skins.

Ifølge opfindelsen kan båndstyringen bestå af to symmetrisk i forhold til styreslidsen beliggende halvdele, som dette er omhandlet i krav 6. Herved bliver 15 det muligt at fremstille skindfrie enkeltfileter af dobbeltfileter med voluminøse rygfinner eller med en rygfinne med pigge.According to the invention, the belt guide may consist of two symmetrical halves disposed in relation to the guide slot, as claimed in claim 6. Hereby, it becomes possible to produce skinless single fillets of double fillets with voluminous dorsal fins or with a dorsal fin with spikes.

Ligeledes ifølge opfindelsen kan der i en afstand på 20 omtrent en tiendedel millimeter over hver af afskindingsknivene være anbragt et transportbånd, hvis underste løb er omløbende drevet i fremføringsretningen, og er understøttet af en stiv båndstyring. Herved bliver det unødvendigt at anbringe de to afskin-25 dingsknive i et fælles plan, og det bliver også muligt at afskinde fisk med ikke sædvanligt tværsnit.Also, according to the invention, at a distance of 20 about one-tenth of a millimeter above each of the cutter blades, a conveyor belt, the bottom of which is orbit driven in the feed direction, may be arranged and supported by a rigid belt guide. This makes it unnecessary to place the two cutting knives in a common plane, and it also becomes possible to cut off fish of not usual cross-section.

Ifølge opfindelsen kan båndstyringerne være udformet eftergivende mod kraften fra stærke fjedre. Herved 30 bliver det muligt at fremstille skindfrie fileter, selv af større kabliauer, uden først at fjerne sideskællene.According to the invention, the belt guides can be designed to yield resiliently against the force of strong springs. This makes it possible to produce skinless fillets, even of larger cables, without first removing the side peels.

I det følgende skal opfindelsen forklares nærmere un-In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail below.

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5 der henvisning til tegningen, der skematisk viser en udførelsesform for en filetteringsmaskine ifølge opfindelsen, og hvor 5 fig. 1 viser et perspektivisk billede af et par ribbensknive med efter disse anbragte adskillelsesværktøjer og afskindingsknive, fig. 2 viser et tværsnit i området ved adskillelses-10 værktøjerne langs linien I-I, og fig. 3 viser et tværsnit ved afskindingsknivene langs linien II-II på fig. 1.5 with reference to the drawing, schematically showing an embodiment of a filleting machine according to the invention, in which FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a pair of rib knives with separation tools and cutter blades disposed therewith; FIG. 2 shows a cross section in the area of the separation tools along line I-I; and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the cutting blades along line II-II of FIG. First

15 Filetteringsværktøjerne med de tilhørende drivorganer og styringer er anbragt i et ikke vist maskinstativ, idet der på fig. 1 er vist et par i forhold til hinanden under en spids vinkel skråtstillede ribbensknive 11. I fiskens fremføringsretning er der bag 20 ved ribbensknivene anbragt en venstre styring 12 og en højre styring 13, der har i det væsentlige samme hældning som ribbensknivene 11. Den venstre styring 12 begrænses foroven af en kant 16, og den højre styring 13 på tilsvarende måde af en kant 15, hvilke 25 kanter sammen danner en smal styreslidse 14. Fra kanterne 15 og 16 på styringerne 12 og 13 rettede adskillelsesværktøjer, af hvilke det fra kanten 15 udgående adskillelsesværktøj 18 har en skrabekant 21 og det fra kanten 16 udgående adskillelsesværktøj 17 en 30 skrabekant 20. Adskilelsesværktjerne 17 og 18 inde-slutter mellem sig en foroven åben vinkel 10, der i almindelighed ligger mellem 60°C og 180°C. Adskillelsesværktøjerne forløber enten ud fra kanterne 15 og 16 som plane flader, eller har, som vist på fig. 2,15 The filleting tools with the associated drive means and controls are arranged in a machine frame not shown, as in FIG. 1, a pair is shown relative to one another under an acute angle of inclined rib knives 11. In the direction of feeding of the fish, a left guide 12 and a right guide 13 are positioned behind 20 of the rib knives, which have substantially the same inclination as the rib knives 11. The left guide 12 is bounded at the top by an edge 16, and the right guide 13 is similarly by an edge 15, which 25 edges together form a narrow guide slot 14. From the edges 15 and 16 of the guides 12 and 13, separation tools directed from the edge are directed. 15 separating tool 18 having a scraper edge 21 and the separating tool 17 projecting from the edge 16 a scraping edge 20. The separating tools 17 and 18 include between themselves an upper open angle 10 which is generally between 60 ° C and 180 ° C. The separation tools either extend from the edges 15 and 16 as flat surfaces, or have, as shown in FIG. 2

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6 bueformede tværsnit, alt efter arten af de fisk, der skal bearbejdes. I alle tilfælde er det en fordel, når skrabekanterne 20 og 21 har en i fiskens fremfø-ringsretning indbyrdes voksende afstand. Skrabekan-5 terne 20 og 21 er udformet som stumpe knivskær, men kan efter behov have knivskarphed enten dér, hvor afstanden mellem dem er størst, eller dér, hvor den er mindst. Bag adskillelsesværktøjerne 17 og 18, set i fiskens fremføringsretning, er der anbragt en 10 venstre afskindingskniv 24 og en højre afskindings-kniv 25 i et fælles plan 26, af hvilke den venstre afskindingskniv 24 har et skær 27 og den højre afskindingskniv 25 et skær 28. De med lige eller bueformet forløb udformede skær 27 og 28 har, set i fis-15 kens fremføringsretning, voksende afstand. I den i fig. 1 viste udførelsesform er afskindingskniven 24 og 25 anbragt i fortsættelse af adskillelsesværktøjerne 17 og 18. Over afskindingsknivene 24 og 25 ligger et omløbende drevet, endeløst transportbånd 20 29, hvis underste løb 31 styres parallelt med afskin dingsknivene 24, 25 og har en sådan afstand fra disse, at dets underside holdes ca. en tiendedel millimeter over disses overside. Et transportbånd med knopper med ringe højde og lille diameter har vist 25 sig fordelagtig.6 arcuate cross-sections, depending on the nature of the fish to be processed. In all cases, it is advantageous when the scraper edges 20 and 21 have a growing distance between the fish in the feed direction. The scraper edges 20 and 21 are configured as blunt cutting blades, but can, if necessary, have razor sharpness either where the distance between them is greatest or where it is the least. Behind the separation tools 17 and 18, viewed in the direction of the fish's feed direction, a 10 left cutter knife 24 and a right cutter knife 25 are placed in a common plane 26, of which the left cutter knife 24 has a cutter 27 and the right cutter knife 25 a cutter 28 The cutters 27 and 28 formed in a straight or curvilinear direction, as seen in the direction of feeding of the fish, have increasing distance. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the cutter knife 24 and 25 are positioned in continuation of the separation tools 17 and 18. Above the cutter knives 24 and 25 lies a circumferentially driven, endless conveyor belt 20 29, the lower run 31 of which is controlled parallel to the cutter knives 24, 25 and has such a distance from these, that its underside is kept approx. one-tenth of a millimeter above their top. A conveyor belt of small height and small diameter buds has proved advantageous.

Til nøjagtig styring af det underste løb 31 er der over dette anbragt en båndstyring 30, der ligger an mod indersiden af transportbåndet 29. Denne båndsty-30 ring kan være monteret stift for tilberedning af sild, makrel eller ligennde fisk. Til passage af fisk med tykkere skind eller fisk med større skæl kan det være nødvendigt at udforme båndstyringen 30 eftergi-velig opad mod indvirkningen af en fjederkraft, så atFor precise control of the lower barrel 31, a belt guide 30 is arranged over it, which abuts the inside of the conveyor belt 29. This belt guide 30 may be mounted rigid for the preparation of herring, mackerel or similar fish. For passage of fish with thicker skins or fish with larger scales, it may be necessary to design the band guide 30 resiliently upwards against the action of a spring force so that

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7 det bliver muligt at fremstille skindfrie fileter og fileter uden skindrester, selv af større kabliauer.7 it becomes possible to produce skinless fillets and fillets without skin remnants, even by larger cables.

I filetteringsmaskinen bliver en fisk uden hoved, med 5 hovedenden foran og bugen nedad under afskæring af skelettet med ribbenene, skåret til en dobbeltfilet, der er spaltet ind til rygfinnernes finneholdere, og som, når den kommer fra ribbensknivene med de frisk-skårne indersider, glidende føres videre på styrin-10 gerne 12 og 13. Dens to fileter 32 holdes sammen af skindet 33 og bliver styret i styreslidsen 14 af rygfinnernes finneholdere. Under den videre fremføring når dobbeltfileten ind i adskillelsesværktøjernes 17 og 18 funktionsområde, hvorefter adskillelsesværk-15 tøjernes skrabekanter 20 og 21 først trænger ind i snittene ved siden af rygfinnernes finneholdere og derpå glider langs det tynde skind, der på hver filet 32 membranagtigt omslutter rygbuen, og herved løsner de her indlejrede fedtstriber fra ryghvælvningen, me-20 dens skindet 33 holdes stramt spændt mellem de to fileter. Under dobbeltfiletens videre fremføring løber dens forreste ende derpå mod afskindingsknivene 24 og 25, hvis skær 27 og 28 først trænger ind i de af adskillelsesværktøjerne dannede spalter og derpå mellem 25 det endnu ikke fra fileterne løsnede skind 33 og ydersiden af fileten 32. Ved de fra styreslidsen yderligere sig fjernende skær 27 og 28 bliver fileterne 32 derpå begyndende fra hovedenden og nakkespidsen i retning af haleenden og samtidig udad i 30 retning af bugsiden, adskilt fra skindet 33, indtil de løst fra dette kan føres videre til yderligere behandling som skindfrie enkeltfileter 32, f.eks. ved hjælp af underliggende transportbånd. De ved indløbsstederne stumpe skær 27 og 28 på afskindingskni-In the filleting machine, a fish without a head, with the 5 head end in front and the belly downwards while cutting the skeleton with the ribs, is cut into a double fillet, which is split into the dorsal fin retainers and which, when coming from the ribs with the freshly cut inside, sliding is further passed on guides 10 and 12 and its two fillets 32 are held together by skin 33 and are guided in guide slot 14 by the dorsal fin retainers. During further advancement, the double fillet reaches the operating area of the separation tools 17 and 18, after which the scraping edges 20 and 21 of the separation tools first penetrate the incisions next to the dorsal fin retainers and then slide along the thin skin which on each fillet 32 membranously encloses the back arch. and hereby the embedded fat streaks release from the spinal arch, while the skin 33 is held tightly between the two fillets. During the further advance of the double fillet, its front end then runs toward the cut-off knives 24 and 25, whose inserts 27 and 28 first penetrate into the slits formed by the separating tools and then between the skin 33 not yet loosened from the fillets 33 and the outside of the fillet 32. the guide slit further removing cutters 27 and 28, the fillets 32 thereafter starting from the head end and the neck tip towards the tail end and simultaneously outward in the direction of the bow side, are separated from the skin 33 until resolved from this can be passed on for further treatment as skinless single fillets 32 , eg. using underlying conveyor belts. The blades 27 and 28 of the cut-off knuckles at the inlet points

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8 vene 24 og 25 efterlader fedtstriberne på indersiden af skindet 33, så at fileterne 32 bliver fri for disse. Skæl af små stokfisk indlejres mellem transportbåndets knopper og adskilles helt fra fileterne. Ved 5 større kabliauer frembringer skællene en bortvigen af båndstyringen og adskilles sammen med skindet fra fileterne 32.8 veins 24 and 25 leave the fat streaks on the inside of the skin 33 so that the fillets 32 are free of them. The shells of small stick fish are embedded between the belts of the conveyor belt and separated completely from the fillets. At 5 larger cables, the scales produce a deviation from the band guide and are separated along with the skin from the fillets 32.

I stedet for afskindingsknivene 24 og 25 kan der i 10 tilslutning til adskillelsesværktøjerne 17 og 18 anvendes adskillelsesknive 22 og 23, der, som det fremgår af fig. 2, efter løsning af fedtstriberne fra muskelkødet adskiller dobbeltfileterne i enkeltfileter, så at fjernelsen af skindet kan foretages på 15 afskindingsmaskiner af kendt konstruktion.Instead of the cutting blades 24 and 25, in connection with the separating tools 17 and 18, separating knives 22 and 23 can be used, which, as can be seen in FIG. 2, after loosening the fat strips from the muscle meat, the double fillets separate into single fillets, so that the removal of the skin can be done on 15 machines of known construction.

Claims

1. Filleting machine for filleting and preparation, in particular of high fat pulp fish, such as herring, 5 mackerel or cabliau, after cutting the head for the production of single skinless fillets (32) and with at least one pair of bug filleting knives and mutually arranged rib knives (11 ), as well as a pair of obliquely arranged guides (12,13) for the inside of the double-filleted fish held by one of the skins (33), which contain the edges (15,16) of the guides (12,13) between them a guide slot (14), characterized in that a pair of separating tools (17,18) with abrasive edges (20,21) projecting from the edges (15,16) are arranged at the guides (12,13) on the guides (12,13) which limit the guide slot (14) and which are directed upwards and away from the edges (15,16), which scraper edges (20,21) mutually form an upper open angle 20 (19) of between 60 ° and 180 °.

A filleting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the scraping edges (20, 21) of the separating tools (17, 18) have at least a distance between them in the direction of feeding of the fish, at least along a part of their length.

A filleting machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a pair of knives (22,23) for cutting the skin (33) are arranged behind the separating tools (17, 18) on the two sides of the guide slot (14). ).

A filleting machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a pair of cut-off knives (17) are arranged behind the separating tools (17, 18) on the two sides of the guide slot (14) and generally in a common plane (26). 24.25) with cutters 5 (27,28) which move away from each other in the feed direction.

The filleting machine according to claim 4, characterized in that at a distance of about 10 tenths of a millimeter above the common plane (26) of the cutting blades (24,25) or the cutters (27,28) of the cutting blades (24,25) provided with a conveyor belt (29), the lower bar (31) of which is driven in the feed direction and which is supported by an overhead rigid belt guide (30) relative to the cutting blades (24,25).

The filleting machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the belt guide (30) consists of two halves symmetrical with respect to the guide slot (14).

A filleting machine according to claim 4, characterized in that at a distance of about 25 tenths of a millimeter above each of the cutter blades (24,25) a conveyor belt, the lower running of which is driven in the feed direction and supported by an overlying stiff, is arranged. band control (30).

A filleting machine according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the belt guide (30) is mounted resiliently against a force from strong springs.