DK149783B - STEEL THREAD OR ROPE WHERE THE SINGLE THREADS HAVE A COATING AND PROCEDURE FOR MAKING THE SAME - Google Patents

STEEL THREAD OR ROPE WHERE THE SINGLE THREADS HAVE A COATING AND PROCEDURE FOR MAKING THE SAME Download PDF

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DK149783B
DK149783B DK452173AA DK452173A DK149783B DK 149783 B DK149783 B DK 149783B DK 452173A A DK452173A A DK 452173AA DK 452173 A DK452173 A DK 452173A DK 149783 B DK149783 B DK 149783B
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coating
rope
phosphate
manganese phosphate
manganese
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DK452173AA
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Danish (da)
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DK149783C (en
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Raymond Guy
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Bridon Ltd
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/06Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/07Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
    • C23C22/08Orthophosphates
    • C23C22/18Orthophosphates containing manganese cations
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2001Wires or filaments
    • D07B2201/201Wires or filaments characterised by a coating
    • D07B2201/2011Wires or filaments characterised by a coating comprising metals
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3021Metals

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
  • Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
  • Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)

Description

149783149783

Opfindelsen angår en ståltrådskordel eller et ståltrådsreb, hvori enkelttridene har en belægning.The invention relates to a steel wire rope or a steel wire rope in which the single strands have a coating.

Det er almindelig praksis at påføre en midlertidig eller en trækningsbelægning på passende, præpareret stålstav eller -tråd inden man-5 gehulstrækning og som en væsentlig del heraf. Phosphatkomplekser er ofte indbefattet. Phosphatbelægninger binder sig stærkt til det underliggende stål og har en særlig krystallinsk struktur, som gør det muligt for dem at adsorbere og tilbageholde en betydelig mængde smøremiddel til trådtrækningen. Det vides ligeledes, at et manganphosphat kan af-10 sættes pi jernholdig tråd inden trækning, men dette giver imod forventning ikke egenskaber, som letter koldtrækning af tovværkstrid.It is common practice to apply a temporary or draw coating to suitable prepared steel rod or wire prior to manhole stretching and as a substantial part thereof. Phosphate complexes are often included. Phosphate coatings bind strongly to the underlying steel and have a special crystalline structure which allows them to adsorb and retain a significant amount of lubricant for the wire drawing. It is also known that a manganese phosphate can be deposited on ferrous wire prior to drawing, but this does not, as expected, provide properties that facilitate cold drawing of rope stride.

Den foreliggende opfindelse er resultatet af en undersøgelse over mulige måder til forbedring af smøring og korrosionsmodstand af reb, som anvendes i friktionsspoler. Imidlertid er den fremkomne opfindelse 15 anvendelig på en lang række trådprodukter.The present invention is the result of a study of possible ways to improve the lubrication and corrosion resistance of ropes used in friction coils. However, the present invention is applicable to a wide variety of wire products.

Friktionsspoler er afhængige af opretholdelse af en gnidningskoefficient mellem rebet og skiven med en værdi på 0,2. Ethvert smøremiddel, der trænger igennem til rebets ydre, reducerer denne værdi og kan resultere i tab af trækkraft og slip. Nedsættelse af mængden af 20 smøremiddel i rebet til et niveau, som forhindrer overfladeudsondring, kan modsat ofte forårsage indre korrosion og tæring.Friction coils rely on maintaining a rubbing coefficient between the rope and the disc with a value of 0.2. Any lubricant that penetrates to the exterior of the rope reduces this value and can result in loss of traction and slip. Conversely, reducing the amount of 20 lubricant in the rope to a level that prevents surface excretion can often cause internal corrosion and corrosion.

Den foreliggende opfindelse tilvejebringer ståltråds kordel eller -reb, hvori enkelttrådene har en belægning, som afhjælper de ovenfor omtalte ulemper.The present invention provides the wire or rope of the steel wire, wherein the single wires have a coating which addresses the disadvantages mentioned above.

25 Dette opnås med ståltrådskordel eller -reb, hvori enkelttrådene har en belægning, som er ejendommelig ved, at belægningen er en man-ganphosphatbelægning.This is achieved with steel wire cord or rope, wherein the single wires have a coating which is peculiar in that the coating is a manganese phosphate coating.

Det har overraskende vist sig, at en belægning af manganphosphat på den færdige tråd inden slåningen ikke blot opfylder de forventede 30 krav, men har vist sig at være bedre end andre typer phosphatbelæg-ning.Surprisingly, it has been found that a coating of manganese phosphate on the finished wire prior to mowing not only meets the expected requirements but has proven to be superior to other types of phosphate coating.

En udførelsesform for ståltrådskordellen eller -rebet ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved, at belægningen er forseglet med et korrosionsbeskyttende forseglingsmiddel, såsom olie. Denne udførelsesform 35 for kordellen eller rebet ifølge opfindelsen er fordelagtig ved, at den ikke blot frembyder forbedret korrosionsmodstandsdygtighed men også større slidbestandighed.An embodiment of the steel wire cord or rope according to the invention is characterized in that the coating is sealed with a corrosion protection sealant such as oil. This embodiment of the cord or rope of the invention is advantageous in that it not only offers improved corrosion resistance but also greater abrasion resistance.

Opfindelsen angår også en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en ståltråds kordel eller -reb ud fra ståltråde, som efter rensning til fjernel- 149783 2 se af trådtrækningsrester forsynes med en belægning, hvorpå de belagte tråde slås til en kordel eller et reb, hvilken fremgangsmåde er ejendommelig ved, at der som belægning dannes en manganphosphatbelæg-ning.The invention also relates to a method of producing a steel wire cord or rope from steel wire which, after cleaning to remove wire drawing residues, is provided with a coating on which the coated threads are strung into a cord or rope, which method is peculiar. in that a manganese phosphate coating is formed as a coating.

5 En udførelsesform for fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er ejen dommelig ved, at dannelsen af manganphosphatbelægningen fremmes ved aktivering af den rensede tråd med en forbehandlingsopløsning. Ved denne udførelsesform for fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen dannes der en mere finkornet belægning, som er mere slidbestandig.An embodiment of the process according to the invention is not condemnable in that the formation of the manganese phosphate coating is promoted by activating the purified wire with a pretreatment solution. In this embodiment of the method according to the invention, a more fine-grained coating is formed which is more abrasion resistant.

10. . En anden udførelsesform for fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved, at forbehandlingsopløsningen påføres tråden, efter at den er blevet renset, og medens den endnu er våd. Denne udførelsesform for fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er fordelagtig derved, at eftersom tråden allerede er våd, har forbehandlingsopløsningen ingen 15 vanskelighed ved at fugte overfladen af tråden og aktivere hele overfladen af tråden ensartet. Følgelig bliver manganphosphatbelægningen mere jævn, hvorved korrosionsmodstandsdygtigheden øges.10.. Another embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the pretreatment solution is applied to the wire after it has been cleansed and still wet. This embodiment of the method according to the invention is advantageous in that since the thread is already wet, the pretreatment solution has no difficulty in wetting the surface of the thread and activating the entire surface of the thread uniformly. Consequently, the manganese phosphate coating becomes more even, thereby increasing the corrosion resistance.

En tredie udførelsesform for fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved, at manganphosphatbelægningen forsegles med et 20 korrosionsbeskyttende forseglingsmiddel, såsom olie, inden slåningen.A third embodiment of the process according to the invention is characterized in that the manganese phosphate coating is sealed with a corrosion protection sealant, such as oil, before impact.

Ved denne udførelsesform for fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen fremstilles der kordel eller reb, som ikke blot har forbedret korrosionsmodstandsdygtighed men også større slidbestandighed.In this embodiment of the method according to the invention, cords or ropes are produced which have not only improved corrosion resistance but also greater abrasion resistance.

Den tråd, der skal behandles, har fået sin endelige størrelse, 25 d.v.s. alle trækninger er afsluttet.The thread to be processed has reached its final size, 25 i.e. all draws are completed.

Dannelse af en manganphosphatbelægning er analog til dannelse af en zinkphosphat-belægning, og belægningen består fortrinsvis af et hydratiseret, tertiært manganphosphat sammen med små mængder af et jernmanganphosphat.Formation of a manganese phosphate coating is analogous to forming a zinc phosphate coating, and the coating preferably consists of a hydrated tertiary manganese phosphate together with small amounts of an iron manganese phosphate.

30 Belægningen af tråden kan påføres ved sprøjtning eller neddyk ning, idet den optimale tykkelse styres ved (a) ståloverfladens oprindelige tilstand, (b) den forberedende behandling af trådens overflade og (c) det behandlede metals natur.The coating of the wire can be applied by spraying or immersion, the optimum thickness being controlled by (a) the initial state of the steel surface, (b) the preparation of the surface of the wire, and (c) the nature of the treated metal.

Påsprøjtnings- eller neddykningsfremgangsmåden kan anvendes til 35 at belægge tråde på en sådan måde, at de enkelte tråde enten alene eller flere sammen kontinuert føres gennem de kemiske behandlingsmidler. En batch-proces, hvori tråde i spiralform udsættes for de kemiske behandlingsmidler, kan ligeledes anvendes.The spraying or immersion method can be used to coat threads in such a way that the individual threads are either alone or more together continuously passed through the chemical treating agents. A batch process in which threads in helical form are exposed to the chemical treating agents can also be used.

149783 3149783 3

EKSEMPELEXAMPLE

Den anvendte rensnings- og belægningsfremgangsmåde er beskrevet i det følgende: 1. Rester fra trækningen af tråden, d.v.s. pigmenterede træk- 5 ningsforbindelser, trækningsolier, fedtstoffer, og vokser, fjernes fra trådens overflade. Dette kan gennemføres ved hjælp af affedtning med opløsningsmidler, affedtning med damp, emulsionsrensning eller alkalisk affedtning. Den foretrukne fremgangsmåde er alkalisk affedtning, hvorved den forsæbende og emulsionsdannende virkning af vandige baser 10 forstærkes med sequestrerings-, kompleksdannende og overfladeaktive midler. Bestanddelene kan være natriumhydroxid, natriumcarbonat, natriummetasilicater, trinatriumphosphat, natriumpyrophosphat, natrium-borater, kompleksdannende midler (såsom EDTA, gluconater, heptonater, polyphosphater og cyanider) og organiske overfladebehandlingsmidler.The cleaning and coating method used is described below: 1. Remnants from the drawing of the thread, i.e. pigmented drawing compounds, drawing oils, fats, and waxes are removed from the surface of the thread. This can be accomplished by solvent degreasing, steam degreasing, emulsion cleaning or alkaline degreasing. The preferred method is alkaline degreasing, thereby enhancing the saponification and emulsion-forming effect of aqueous bases 10 with sequestering, complexing and surfactants. The constituents may be sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium metasilicates, trisodium phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium borates, complexing agents (such as EDTA, gluconates, heptonates, polyphosphates and cyanides) and organic coatings.

15 De kan anvendes varme eller kolde med eller uden strømtilførsel, som kan være såvel anodisk som katodisk. Det alkaliske rensemiddel kan påføres enten ved sprøjtning eller neddykning. Den foretrukne fremgangsmåde er neddykning. Et foretrukket alkalisk rensemiddel er "Pyroclean" 303.They can be used hot or cold with or without power supply, which can be both anodic and cathodic. The alkaline cleanser can be applied either by spraying or dipping. The preferred method is immersion. A preferred alkaline cleaner is Pyroclean 303.

20 Opløsningen kan virke over et temperaturområde fra 15 til 100°C, men det foretrukne område er 82-99°C.The solution may operate over a temperature range of 15 to 100 ° C, but the preferred range is 82-99 ° C.

Det anvendte koncentrationsområde kan være fra 3 til 300 g/l, men den foretrukne koncentration er 18 g/l.The concentration range used may be from 3 to 300 g / L, but the preferred concentration is 18 g / L.

Neddykningstiden kan variere fra 1 til 30 minutter afhængig af ar- 25 ten af den tilsmudsning, som skal fjernes, men erfaringen har vist, at 15 minutter er tilstrækkeligt til at give det ønskede resultat.The immersion time can vary from 1 to 30 minutes depending on the nature of the soiling to be removed, but experience has shown that 15 minutes is sufficient to produce the desired result.

2. Vandrensning anvendes til at fjerne ethvert overskud af alkalisk opløsning. Dette kan enten være ved sprøjtning, neddykning eller begge dele, og temperaturen kan ligge fra omgivelsernes temperatur til 30 kogetemperatur. Den foretrukne fremgangsmåde er sprøjterensning efterfulgt af neddykning i koldt fritløbende vand, efterfulgt af sprøjterensning.2. Water purification is used to remove any excess alkaline solution. This can be either by spraying, dipping or both, and the temperature can range from ambient temperature to 30 boiling temperature. The preferred method is spray cleaning followed by immersion in cold free flowing water followed by spray cleaning.

3. Tråden ledes derefter uden tørring ind i en forbehandlingsopløsning, som aktiverer metaloverfladen for at lette dannelse af en fin- 35 kornet manganphosphat-belægning. Det foretrukne kemikalie til anvendelse ved forbehandling er en vandig suspension af mangan-(l I )-ortho-phosphat, såsom "Parcolen VM", skønt andre egnede kemikalier vil kunne have en lige så god virkning.3. The wire is then passed without drying into a pretreatment solution which activates the metal surface to facilitate formation of a fine-grained manganese phosphate coating. The preferred chemical for use in pretreatment is an aqueous suspension of manganese (I) ortho-phosphate such as "Parcolen VM", although other suitable chemicals may have an equally good effect.

Den virkningsfulde opløsning fremstilles f.eks. ved at tilsætte 149783 4 "Parcoien VM C" pulver i forholdet 3 kg til hver 1000 liter opløsning, der skal bruges.The effective solution is prepared e.g. by adding 149783 4 "Parcoien VM C" powder 3 kg to every 1000 liters of solution to be used.

Der foretages derefter vedvarende omrøring med et omrøringsudstyr, såsom med en omrører af skovltypen eller med komprimeret luft, 5 og der tilsættes "Parcoien VM A" pulver i et forhold pi 3 kg pr. 1000 liter opløsning, der skal bruges. Portionen tilsættes dernæst den nødvendige vandmængde til at gøre badet klar til brug og opvarmes til behandlingstemperaturen, der kan ligge i området fra 16 til 60°C. Tråden, som er våd af vand fra rensningen, neddykkes derefter i den 10 fremstillede "Parcoien VM" opløsning i 1-10 minutter.Continuous stirring is then carried out with a stirring device, such as with a paddle-type stirrer or with compressed air, 5 and "Parcoien VM A" powder is added at a ratio of 3 kg per day. 1000 liters of solution to use. The portion is then added to the required amount of water to make the bath ready for use and heated to the treatment temperature, which can range from 16 to 60 ° C. The thread, which is wet with water from the purge, is then immersed in the 10 prepared "Parcoien VM" solution for 1-10 minutes.

Den temperatur, hvorved der arbejdes med Parcoien VM opløsningen, afhænger af den finhedsgrad, der ønskes af manganphosphatbelæg-ningen. Almindeligvis har det vist sig, at højere temperaturer fører til større finhed, hvorimod lavere temperaturer fører til længere levetid af 15 badet.The temperature at which the Parcoien VM solution is worked depends on the degree of fineness desired by the manganese phosphate coating. Generally, it has been found that higher temperatures lead to greater fineness, whereas lower temperatures lead to longer life of the bath.

Den foretrukne fremgangsmåde er anvendelse af omgivelsernes temperatur og en neddykningstid pi 5 minutter.The preferred method is to use the ambient temperature and a immersion time of 5 minutes.

4. Tråden, der er våd fra forbehandiingsprocessen, behandles derpå med manganphosphatopløsning. Denne opløsning danner et over- 20 træk af uopløselige, komplekse phosphater ved kemisk reaktion med metaloverfladen. Denne reaktion fremkommer efter påføring af svagt sure (pH 2-3) vandige opløsninger baseret på monometalliske orthophos-phater (mangan) og fri phosphorsyre. I reglen indeholder opløsningerne et eller flere oxidationsmidler, som virker som depolariseringsmidler 25 eller reaktionsacceleratorer, såsom nitrat, nitrit, chlorater, o.s.v., og somme tider sammen med stoffer, der hjælper med til at danne en finere belægning, såsom polyphosphater, nikkel eller calciumsalte.4. The thread that is wet from the pretreatment process is then treated with manganese phosphate solution. This solution forms a coating of insoluble complex phosphates by chemical reaction with the metal surface. This reaction occurs after application of slightly acidic (pH 2-3) aqueous solutions based on monometallic orthophosphates (manganese) and free phosphoric acid. As a rule, the solutions contain one or more oxidizing agents which act as depolarizing agents or reaction accelerators such as nitrate, nitrite, chlorates, etc., and sometimes together with substances which help to form a finer coating such as polyphosphates, nickel or calcium salts.

Det foretrukne kemikalie er "Parco-Lubrit 2", og den foretrukne behandlingsfremgangsmåde er en neddykning i 15 minutter ved tempera-30 turen 95°C. Badets foretrukne punkt-værdi, hvilket er en værdi baseret på titrering af en 10-miliiliter prøve af opløsningen med 1/5 N NaOH, er 28-32.The preferred chemical is "Parco-Lubrit 2" and the preferred treatment method is a 15 minute immersion at 95 ° C. The preferred point value of the bath, which is a value based on titration of a 10 milliliter sample of the solution with 1/5 N NaOH, is 28-32.

5. Vandrensning anvendes til at fjerne overskud af phosphaterings-opløsning. Den foretrukne arbejdsgang ved denne rensning er som ved 35 rensningen efter den alkaliske affedtning.5. Water purification is used to remove excess phosphating solution. The preferred operation in this purification is as in the purification after the alkaline degreasing.

6. Belægningen tørres derefter, hvilket kan opnås ved at blæse med varm luft eller i varmluftovn. Den foretrukne fremgangsmåde er anvendelse af en ovn med varmluftrecirkulation ved en temperatur på 150°C, skønt et temperaturområde fra 100 til 250°C kan benyttes. Trå- 5 U9783 den henstår til den er tør, men det har vist sig, at 15 minutter er tilstrækkeligt.6. The coating is then dried, which can be achieved by blowing with hot air or in hot air oven. The preferred method is the use of an oven with hot air recirculation at a temperature of 150 ° C, although a temperature range of 100 to 250 ° C can be used. The wood is left to dry, but it has been found that 15 minutes is sufficient.

7. Efter tørringsproceduren forsegles manganphosphatlaget for at give materialet særlige korrosionsresistente egenskaber. De anvendte 5 midler kan være organiske forbindelser af olietypen (ikke-hærdnende mineralolier af forskellig vægtfylde og viskositet), opløsningsmiddeltypen (filmdannende materialer på jordoliebasis og rustinhibitorer opløst i opløsningsmidler fra jordolie), emulsionsdannende type (rustbeskyttelsesmidler på jordoliebasis modificeret således at en stabil emulsion dan-10 nes ved blanding med vand) eller vokstypen. Uorganiske forseglingsmidler af chromat- og d i ch romat-ty pen kan ligeledes anvendes. Forseglingsmidlerne kan påføres ved børstning, sprøjtning, dypning, skylning, o.s.v.7. After the drying procedure, the manganese phosphate layer is sealed to give the material special corrosion resistant properties. The agents used may be the oil-type organic compounds (non-curing mineral oils of different density and viscosity), the solvent type (petroleum-based film-forming materials and rust inhibitors dissolved in petroleum solvents), emulsion-forming type (petroleum-based emulsion-stable antifouling agents, thus modified -10 nes when mixed with water) or wax type. Inorganic sealing agents of chromate and d in the chromate type can also be used. The sealants can be applied by brushing, spraying, dipping, rinsing, etc.

Det foretrukne materiale er en fortyndet opløsning af et oliebaseret 15 opløsningsmiddel, såsom Parker Finish P75, og foretrukne påføringsfremgangsmåder er neddykning eller sprøjtning. Det kan påføres ved temperaturer ved 15-50°C, fortrinsvis ved 50°C. Hvis der anvendes sprøjtning, holdes opløsningen ved stuetemperatur.The preferred material is a dilute solution of an oil-based solvent, such as Parker Finish P75, and preferred application methods are immersion or spraying. It can be applied at temperatures at 15-50 ° C, preferably at 50 ° C. If spraying is used, the solution is kept at room temperature.

Sammenlignet med ubehandlet ståltråd eller ståltråd belagt med et 20 zinkphosphat viste manganphosphatbelægningen sig at give: i) Meget hurtig vædning og diffusion af olie med tilbageholdelse af dobbelt så meget olie, efter at det er drænet.Compared to untreated steel wire or steel wire coated with a zinc phosphate, the manganese phosphate coating was found to give: i) Very rapid wetting and diffusion of oil with retention of twice as much oil after draining.

ii) Bedre modstand overfor gnidning og sammenbrænding, hvilket vises ved prøver på en "Shell 4-kuglemaskine".ii) Better resistance to rubbing and combustion, which is shown by tests on a "Shell 4 ball machine".

25 Denne "Shell 4-kuglemaskine" omfatter en kompakt enhed med fire identiske kugler, hvoraf tre er klemt fast i en konisk beholder; de er centrerede og ubevægelige. Den fjerde kugle er gjort fast på en motoraksel og drejer med konstant hastighed (1500 omdr./min.). Beholderen er monteret på et understøtningsorgan, som kan overføre prøvebelast-30 ningen, så at de tre faste kugler presses mod den fjerde ved hjælp af belastningen.25 This "Shell 4 Ball Machine" comprises a compact unit with four identical balls, three of which are clamped in a conical container; they are centered and motionless. The fourth sphere is fixed to a motor shaft and rotates at a constant speed (1500 rpm). The container is mounted on a support member which can transfer the sample load so that the three solid balls are pressed against the fourth by means of the load.

Hertz1 belastningskurver kan optegnes, som relaterer middeldiameteren af slidzonen på den fjerde kugle med belastningen. Diameteren af slidsporet stiger jævnt; sammenbrænding (sammensvejsning af kuglerne) 35 optræder ved en given belastning, når temperaturen er tilstrækkelig høj.Hertz1 load curves can be plotted which relate the mean diameter of the wear zone of the fourth ball to the load. The diameter of the wear groove increases steadily; combustion (welding of the balls) 35 occurs at a given load when the temperature is sufficiently high.

Forsøg over friktion og sammenbrænding på "Shell 4-kuglemaskiner" foretages med kugler af diameteren 12,7 mm af lejestål, som er hærdet til en Rockwell C-hårdhed på 62-65.Attempts at friction and combustion on "Shell 4 Ball Machines" are made with 12.7 mm diameter steel ball hardened to a Rockwell C hardness of 62-65.

149783 6149783 6

Diameteren af slidsporet i hver af de tre kugler miles såvel i rotations retningen, d.v.s parallel med sporlinierne, og i en herpå vinkelret retning. Den aritmetiske middelværdi af seks målinger giver middel-spordiameteren i millimeter.The diameter of the wear groove in each of the three spheres is both in the direction of rotation, i.e. parallel to the groove lines, and in a direction perpendicular thereto. The arithmetic mean of six measurements gives the mean trace diameter in millimeters.

Følgende resultater fremkom under anvendelse af manganphosphat-behandfede og ubehandlede kugler med en ren mineralolie som smøremiddel .The following results were obtained using manganese phosphate treated and untreated spheres with a pure mineral oil as a lubricant.

Ubehandlede kugler Phosphatbehandlede kg kugler kgUntreated balls Phosphate treated kg balls kg

Middel Hertz-belastning 14,76 58,50Mean Hertz load 14.76 58.50

Sammensvejsningsbelastning 115 316Welding load 115 316

Middel Hertz-belastningen er middelværdien af de korrigerede belastninger Pc· hh pc = p4 P = påført belastning (kg) D = spordiameter (mm) |_jMean Hertz load is the mean value of the corrected loads Pc · hh pc = p4 P = applied load (kg) D = track diameter (mm) | _j

d = spordiameter i mm på grund af statisk belastning Pd = track diameter in mm due to static load P

dH = 0,0873 x 3/YPdH = 0.0873 x 3 / YP

Følgende tabel 1 viser resultaterne af forsøg, som er udført på “Shell 4-kuglemaskinen" af varigheden 1 minut under anvendelse af en ren mineralolie, som stammer fra naphthen som smøremiddel. Kugler behandlet med zinkphosphat og manganphosphat samt ubehandlede kugler blev undersøgt.The following Table 1 shows the results of experiments performed on the "Shell 4 ball machine" of 1 minute duration using a pure mineral oil derived from naphthen as a lubricant. Bullets treated with zinc phosphate and manganese phosphate as well as untreated bullets were examined.

TABEL 1 7 149783TABLE 1 7 149783

Middelværdi af spordiameter (mm)Mean track diameter (mm)

Belastning Ubehandlede Phosphatbehandlede kugler (Kg) kuglerLoad Unprocessed Phosphate Processed Spheres (Kg) Spheres

Zink- ; Zink- ; Mangan- . phosphat A '! phosphat B . phosphat 340 - - - · Sammensvejs- ning i løbet ; af 10 sek.Zinc; Zinc; Manganese. phosphate A '! phosphate B. phosphate 340 - - - · Welding in the race; of 10 sec.

320 - - - 1.28 300 - - · - 1.26 280 - - - ; Sammen- ; svejsning ’•i løbet af ; 10 sek.320 - - - 1.28 300 - - · - 1.26 280 - - -; Together-; welding '• during; 10 sec.

260 - - 0.98 : 240 - ; -Sammen- 0.88 1.10 svejsning i i løbet af ; 10 sek.260 - - 0.98: 240 -; -Sam- 0.88 1.10 welding in during; 10 sec.

220 - 0.90 0.80 0.95 200 - -0.80 0.75 1.00 120 . Sammen- - - ; svejsning no 3.25 100 3.08 - - · 0.7220 - 0.90 0.80 0.95 200 - -0.80 0.75 1.00 120. Together - - -; welding no 3.25 100 3.08 - - · 0.7

Som det fremgår af tabellen, er den maksimale sammensvejsningsbelastning for manganphoshat meget højere end for zinkphosphater:As shown in the table, the maximum welding load for manganese phosphate is much higher than for zinc phosphates:

Manganphosphat 340 kgManganese phosphate 340 kg

Zinkphosphat A 240 kgZinc phosphate A 240 kg

Zinkphosphat B 280 kgZinc phosphate B 280 kg

Ubehandlede kugler 120 kg 8 14-9783Untreated Bullets 120 kg 8 14-9783

Zinkphosphat A er accelereret med chlorat og indeholder nikkel;Zinc phosphate A is accelerated with chlorate and contains nickel;

Zinkphosphat B er accelereret med nitrat og indeholder nikkel.Zinc phosphate B is accelerated with nitrate and contains nickel.

I de samme forsøg bemærkede man, at manganphosphat nedsatte friktionskoefficienten fra 0,3 til 0,08.In the same experiments, it was noted that manganese phosphate reduced the coefficient of friction from 0.3 to 0.08.

(iii) Særdeles gode egenskaber med hensyn til modstand mod slitage og hårdhed. Selvom modstanden mod slitage hovedsagelig kan tilskrives den udmærkede binding mellem belægningen og overfladen af stålet, anses dens større hårdhed (sammenlignet med en zinkphosphatbelægning) også for en medvirkende årsag. Ifølge Mohr's skala var hårdheden af manganphosphat-belægningen 5,0 og af zinkphosphat 3,0.(iii) Extremely good properties with respect to wear resistance and hardness. Although the resistance to wear can mainly be attributed to the excellent bonding between the coating and the surface of the steel, its greater hardness (compared to a zinc phosphate coating) is also considered a contributing cause. According to Mohr's scale, the hardness of the manganese phosphate coating was 5.0 and of zinc phosphate 3.0.

Den hastighed, hvormed en manganphosphat-belægning blev slidt, var uafhængig af belægningens tykkelse, hvorimod slidhastigheden af en zinkphosphatbelægning forøgedes med dennes tykkelse.The rate at which a manganese phosphate coating was worn was independent of the thickness of the coating, whereas the wear rate of a zinc phosphate coating increased with its thickness.

(iv) Nedsat træthedsinduktion i forbindelse med gnidningskorrosion. Virkningen af metaltræthed og gnidningskorrosion - specielt ved samtidig forekomst - er et problem, som altid gælder for alle ståltrådsreb, men navnlig for "Locked Coil" reb. Ved forsøg under forhold, som alene skaber metaltræthed, gav et stykke manganphosphatbehandlet stål kun ubetydeligt bedre resultater end ubehandlet stål, men når trætheds-induktionen samtidig var forbundet med gnidningskorrosion, bemærkedes en ret betydelig forbedring af træthedsmodstanden af det med manganphosphat belagte stål i sammenligning med den ubehandlede prøve, som i forbindelse med gnidningskorrosion viste en tydeligt ringere modstand mod træthedsinduktion.(iv) Reduced fatigue induction associated with rubbing corrosion. The effect of metal fatigue and rubbing corrosion - especially on simultaneous occurrence - is a problem that always applies to all steel wire ropes, but especially to "Locked Coil" ropes. In tests under conditions which alone create metal fatigue, a piece of manganese phosphate-treated steel produced only slightly better results than untreated steel, but when the fatigue induction was simultaneously associated with rubbing corrosion, a rather significant improvement in the fatigue resistance of the manganese phosphate-coated steel was observed. the untreated sample which, in the case of rubbing corrosion, showed a distinctly poorer resistance to fatigue induction.

(v) Forbedret korrosionsmodstand. Ved saltdråbeprøven varede en olieforseglet manganphosphatbelægning 2000 timer, hvilket skal sammenlignes med en varighed på 650 timer af en zinkphosphatbelægning behandlet på samme måde.(v) Improved corrosion resistance. In the salt drop test, an oil-sealed manganese phosphate coating lasted 2000 hours, which is comparable to a 650-hour duration of a zinc phosphate coating treated in the same way.

Udvidelse af dette forsøg til at omfatte en sammenligning med galvanisk afsat zink viste, at når tykkelserne var ens, var manganphosphat-belægning bedst.Extending this experiment to include a comparison with galvanically deposited zinc showed that when the thicknesses were similar, manganese phosphate coating was best.

Forsøget blev gentaget under påføring af et olieforseglingsmiddel på galvanisk afsat zink og manganphosphat-belægning, og skønt dette gav en forbedret ydelse af zinkbelægningen, lykkedes det ikke at komme på højde med manganphosphat-belægningen.The test was repeated while applying an oil sealant to galvanically deposited zinc and manganese phosphate coating, and although this provided an improved performance of the zinc coating, the manganese phosphate coating failed.

149783 9149783 9

Sammenligninger af korrosionsmodstandsdygtigheden af en mangan-phosphat-belægning forseglet med ''Ρ75-οΠβ" i forhold til varme- og elektrogalvaniserede belægninger er foretaget. Forsøgsbetingelserne var en saltforstøvning pi ASTM B117-64 under anvendelse af en 5% natrium-chloridopløsning ved 35°C og en cyklisk fugtighedstest ifølge BS3900.Comparisons of the corrosion resistance of a manganese-phosphate coating sealed with '' Ρ75-οΠβ 'to heat and electro-galvanized coatings were made. The test conditions were a salt spray of ASTM B117-64 using a 5% sodium chloride solution at 35 ° C and a cyclic moisture test according to BS3900.

Disse resultater er opført i følgende tabeller 2 og 3.These results are listed in the following Tables 2 and 3.

TABEL 2TABLE 2

Saltforstøvning ASTM B117-64 PRØVE Vægt af belægning Tid til dannelse af g/m2 30% rød rust (timer)Salt atomization ASTM B117-64 SAMPLING Weight of coating Time to form g / m2 30% red rust (hours)

Manganphosphat + ^3 539 . forseglingsmiddelManganese Phosphate + 3 539. sealant

Varmegalvaniseret 550 585Heat galvanized 550 585

Elektro- 120 116 galvaniseret TABEL 3Electro- 120 116 galvanized TABLE 3

Fugtighedsprøve BS3900 ;PRØVE : Vægt af ;Eksponerings- : Bemærkninger • belægning -tid (timer) . : g/m2 : ; .Manganphosphat + pet dannelse af •forseglingsmiddel 33 1400 rød rust som ; ;isolerede plet terMoisture test BS3900; SAMPLE: Weight of; Exposure: Remarks • coating time (hours). : g / m2:; .Manganese phosphate + pet formation of sealant 33 1400 red rust as; isolated stains

Varmegalvaniseret - 240 1400 ; Kraftig hvid • korrosion med .'isolerede pletter af rød rustHeat galvanized - 240 1400; Heavy white • corrosion with red insulated stains

Elektrogalvani- .Komplet ned- seret 120 158 brydning af be lægning med kraftig dannelse af rød rust 149783 10Electro Galvani. Completely downsized 120 158 breaking of coating with strong red rust formation 149783 10

Det er således blevet påvist, at belægning af trukket ståltråd til tovværk med et olieforseglet manganphosphatlag inden det slås til kordel eller reb gør det muligt at tilbageholde en større mængde smøremiddel 5 i kordellen eller rebet. Dette, i forbindelse med manganphosphats bedre egenskaber i forhold til det hidtil kendte, er resulteret i en væsentligt forbedret funktion af rebet.Thus, it has been demonstrated that coating of drawn steel wire for ropes with an oil-sealed manganese phosphate layer prior to striking the cord or rope allows a greater amount of lubricant 5 to be retained in the cord or rope. This, in conjunction with the better properties of manganese phosphate over the known, has resulted in a substantially improved function of the rope.

De belagte enkelttråde kan ud over anvendelsen til ståltrådskordel eller -reb også anvendes som børstetråd, armeringstråd og musiktråd.The coated single threads, in addition to the use for steel wire rope or rope, can also be used as brush thread, reinforcement thread and music thread.

DK452173A 1972-08-18 1973-08-16 STEEL THREAD OR ROPE WHERE THE SINGLE THREADS HAVE A COATING AND PROCEDURE FOR MAKING THE SAME DK149783C (en)

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GB3861472A GB1417012A (en) 1972-08-18 1972-08-18 Phosphating of steel roping wire
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US4198807A (en) * 1978-01-16 1980-04-22 Thomas Eistrat Non-specular wire rope and method of making same
US4290261A (en) * 1979-02-14 1981-09-22 Thomas Eistrat Non-specular electrical conductor and steel strand, and methods of making
JPH0694036A (en) * 1992-09-11 1994-04-05 Daido Metal Co Ltd Multilayer slide bearing excellent in fretting resistant characteristic
DE69404663T2 (en) * 1993-09-17 1997-11-27 Brent International Plc, Iver, Buckinghamshire PRE-RINSE FOR PHOSPHATING METAL SURFACES
DE4435744C2 (en) * 1994-10-06 1997-10-02 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag Process for cleaning and exposing length-wise sections of steel wire strands
CN1890403B (en) * 2003-12-04 2010-10-13 住友金属工业株式会社 Surface adjustment treatment prior to chemical treatment of steel product
CN101365835B (en) * 2005-11-14 2013-06-19 奥的斯电梯公司 Elevator bearing component having conversion cladding on tensioning member
ITTO20110018U1 (en) * 2011-03-08 2012-09-09 Redaelli Tecna Spa HIGH-CONTRASTED STEEL ROPE
FR3041282B1 (en) * 2015-09-21 2017-10-20 Michelin & Cie METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A SHEERED REINFORCING ELEMENT COMPRISING A DEGREASING STEP
FI20176129A1 (en) * 2017-12-15 2019-06-16 Kone Corp Paste type lubrication
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