DK147977B - PROCEDURE FOR IMPROVING THE COMBUSTION OF A FUEL CONTAINING CARBON HYDRADIC COMPOUNDS IN THE COMBUSTION ROOM IN COMBUSTION ENGINES AND THE PREPARATION FOR EXERCISE OF EXERCISE - Google Patents

Description

First

147977

The invention relates to a method for improving the combustion of a fuel containing hydrocarbon compounds in the combustion chamber or chambers of internal combustion engines to reduce fuel consumption and reduce the content of pollutants in the exhaust gases.

With the increasing car density, primarily in metropolitan areas, the air pollutants' air pollutants have become increasingly important. Carbon monoxide and nitrous gases are a health hazard here. In many countries, strict regulations have been introduced on the maximum permissible CO content in exhaust gases, making the need for improved combustion systems and satisfactory exhaust gas purifiers great.

147977 2

Several more or less efficient systems for achieving this exhaust gas purification have been constructed. The disadvantages of these, however, are that they often increase gasoline consumption while being complicated and expensive to manufacture and use. The most common method is to provide carbon monoxide oxidation and reduction of nitrous gases by means of a catalyst system in the internal combustion engine exhaust gas pipe.

However, from the disclosure of U.S. Patent No. 929,503, it is also known to introduce a peroxide, in particular hydrogen peroxide, dissolved in an organic solvent such as ether or an alcohol, for example ether containing 3% by weight hydrogen peroxide, into a fuel for incineration engines. of the explosive power of the fuel as well as the removal of odor and smoke formation in the exhaust gases.

Further, in U.S. Patent No. 3,902,868, a fuel additive comprising 30-65 volume% methanol, 10-20 volume% isopropanol, 12-18 volume% methylethyl ketone, 4-12 volume% toluene, xylene, benzene or phenol and 0 -45 volume% water. This additive, which is injected with air as a carrier gas as a homogeneous vapor into the fuel intake system of a combustion engine, is said to increase the combustion efficiency of the engine and to reduce the amount of pollutant exhaust gases.

Finally, from DE Publication No. 2,363,848, it is known to use aqueous crude methanol, i.e. aqueous methanol with the content of other organic compounds obtained in the preparation in minor amounts, in particular dimethyl ether, ethanol and iso-butanol, as anti-banking agent (octane enhancer1 in fuel for internal combustion engines).

The present invention aims to improve the combustion of hydrocarbon compounds in fuels such as gasoline and diesel fuel in the combustion chamber or chambers of internal combustion engines so that the range of pollutant gases such as CO, HC and χ0χ is reduced and, in contrast to the above known measures, thus not just a reduction in fuel consumption per year. miles driven but also an increase in engine power, i.e. the mechanical working performance of the engine. unit of time as measured in kW or hp, cf. subsequent test results.

147977 3

This is achieved by the method according to the invention being characterized in that a liquid composition comprising on a volume basis: 1-10% hydrogen peroxide, 50-80% water, 15-45% aliphatic alcohol having 1-4 carbon atoms and preferably also 2-15 % of a thin lubricating oil and optionally up to 5% anti-corrosion agent is introduced with an air flow into the combustion air intake pipe or separately produced fuel-air mixture which opens into the combustion engine's combustion chamber, which combustion air or fuel-air mixture mix in the airborne liquid composition such that the combustion air or fuel-air mixture at the inlet to the combustion chamber contains the liquid composition.

Preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention are characterized in that according to claims 2, 3 and 4.

The invention also relates to a liquid composition for carrying out the process according to the invention, which liquid composition is characterized in that it comprises on a volume basis: 1-10% hydrogen peroxide, 50-80% water, 15-45% aliphatic alcohol having 1-4 carbon atoms and preferably 2 -15% thin lubricant and up to 5% anti-corrosion agent.

Preferred embodiments of the liquid composition according to the invention are characterized by that of claims 6, 7 and 8.

The composition can be introduced into the intake manifold of the engine from a simple device. This device is constituted by a closed container which, via a pipe, opens into the intake manifold for the engine. The container is provided with one air inlet which opens at the bottom of the container and one filling hole for the composition at which connection can take place. As a result of the negative pressure created in the suction pipe, air is sucked into the air intake of the container, spreads from the bottom of the container into the liquid composition and, on its way up through the liquid, draws small droplets of it with it, after which the resulting mixture is injected into the suction pipe for the engine and mixes. say with the fuel / air mixture.

The effect obtained with the composition of the invention probably depends on the following factors. The composition acts as a "moderator", i.e. that it cuts off the combustion peaks. The supply of water and hydrogen peroxide to the engine allows several stages of the combustion chain to be utilized. The composition serves as catalyst 4 1A7977 for the fuel conversion. Compression is increased and better "atomization" is achieved in the suction tube. Furthermore, improved cooling and improved utilization of the adiabatic course are provided.

The turnover responsible for CO oxidation is

CO + OH ^ CO 2 + H

where a number of elemental reactions affecting the local concentrations of OS and H are rate determining.

The reactions that determine the NO emission are Zel'dovitch reactions: N2 + O £ N + NO N + 02% NO + 0 which may include

N + OH £ NO + H

and presumably also a lesser-known mechanism in the flame zone, which gives rise to the so-called "immediate" NO-form.

The method and composition of the invention have been tested partly by laboratory experiments under carefully controlled conditions in two different series (at the Gulf Research Center, Rotterdam and the Danish Technological Institute, Oslo, respectively) and partly by practical tests on cars in ordinary traffic.

In the laboratory tests, Series A, two standard cars were selected as test cars, one Opel Record 1700, model 1970 (car 1) and one Ford Taunus 1600, model 1974 (car 2). Car 1, when the test started, had driven approx. 70,000 km and car 2 had driven approx. 25,000 km. The vehicles were equipped with instruments and checked and adjusted to conform to the manufacturer's specifications. Then the cars were driven on a road to determine the acceleration time and preset the chassis dynamometers according to the acceleration conditions on the road.

After the cars were mounted on a chassis dynamometer, they were respectively driven without and including the composition of the invention for the purpose of determining: 1. The content of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrous gases in the exhaust gases with NDIR (Non Dispersant Infra Red), at idle and at different speeds.

2. Gasoline consumption at different speeds.

3. Power curve.

The measurements were carried out by so-called "CVS bag analysis". It should be noted that in these laboratory experiments, no adjustments of carburetors etc. were made for condensation for the increased air supply using the composition of the invention. In the experiments, a composition consisting of 67% 2% hydrogen peroxide, 27% ethanol, 5% thin lubricating oil and 1% anti-corrosion agent was used.

1 liter of this composition was consumed over approx. 4000-4500 km driving with a 1.5 mm diameter nozzle. The results from the measurements are given in Tables 1-7. In summary, it is apparent that 1. the use of the composition according to the invention reduced the CO content by 40-50%, 2. the other components of the exhaust gases (hydrocarbons and nitrous gases) did not increase, but on the other hand decreased or remained at the same values as without mixing the composition. 3. Addition of the composition according to the invention reduced gasoline consumption per unit. driven 10 km. 4. Use of the composition of the invention increased the mechanical performance of the engine.

Also to test the use of the composition of the invention in normal driving, a third test car, one, was used. The Ford Taunus Combi 1600, model 1974, which over the course of a year drove the nearest 30,000 km with the addition of the composition according to the invention to the fuel / air mixture. Thus, by repeated measurements with a standard measuring instrument, a CO content of 0.7% (corresponding to 0.75 when compared with a precision instrument, Beckman NDIR Instrument Model 315 B) was found, while gasoline consumption decreased by 1 dl per liter.

10 km. The explanation that this test gave so much better result than the laboratory test seems to be that the carburetor adjusted s taking into account the increased air supply using the composition of the invention. In addition, the composition of the invention is believed to exert a purifying effect with long-term effect on the engine, which does not, as is the case with conventional driving, become increasingly dirty and therefore emit more and more dirty exhaust gases. A partial inspection of the engine, which included oil testing, was also carried out without finding any objections. The same engine inspection was carried out on test car 1. These results are shown in Table 8.

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Sample_KS1_SS ^ _VS ^ _ Remarks 1 CO,% 0.22 0.07 1860 Rejected sack test - too high sack pressure HC, ppm 1880 1140 1860 Wrong carburetor setting

NO, ppm 135 100 E.B.X

ji 2 CO,% 0.53 0.29 0.23 Adjusted carburetor setting HC, ppm 2000 1320 1360 NO, ppm 112 48 130 3 CO,% 0.44 0.24 0.21 HC, ppm 1480 1000 1100 NOx, ppm 150 73 155 4 CO,% 0.56 0.25 0.22 HC, ppm 1560 650 960 NO .ppm 130 57 170 Λ xl CO,% 0.51 0.26 0.22 Mean value of samples 2-4 5 . CO,% 0.32 0.16 0.13 M-1.5 mm4 HC, ppm 1900 960 1020 NO, ppm 105 39 85 6 CO,% 0.60 0.11 0.17 M-1.5 mm HCf ppm 1840 860 1200 NO, ppm 125 100 205 Λ x2 CO,% 0.46 0.14 0.15 Mean value of samples 5 and 6 12 147977 * "Cold start 2

Stabilized start ^ Hot start 4

With the composition according to the invention injected with a nozzle diameter of 1.5 mm

Result of comparison between the mean values x2 and xl: CO level reduced by approx. 10, 45 and 30% for KS, SS and VS respectively.

x Not determined.

TABLE 6 Measured power values for car 2

Sample 1 2 .. Difference

Normally M-1.5 Mr 'fuel 2. - 1.

Engine speed hp hp rpm r / m 2000 25.1 25.5 + 0.4 2250 28.4 28.6 + 0.2 2500 31.6 32.6 + 1.0 2750 34.0 34.5 + 0.5 3000 36.9 37.7 + 0.8 3250 41.0 42.0 + 1.0 3500 42.6 43.6 + 1.0 3750 45.3 45.8 + 0.5 4000 49, 7 49.7 + 0 4250 51.7 52.1 + 0.4 4500 ^ 51.3 50.9 - 0.4 4750C 2) 53.3 52.4 - 0.9 5000j 52.3 50.2 - 2.1 1) with composition according to the invention, nozzle diameter 1.5 mm 2) the speed range corresponds to approx. 125-140 km / h.

U7977 13 TABLE 7 Measured power values for car 2 ^

Sample 3 4 Difference M-1.5 µmT 4-3

Engine hpx hpx hp rpm r 2000 26.5 26.9 + 0.4 2250 29.7 29.8 + 0.1 2500 31.2 31.7 + 0.5 2750 35.8 36.4 + 0.6 3000 40.4 40.6 + 0.2 3250 42.7 43.5 + 0.8 3500 45.6 46.0 + 0.4 3750 48.2 49.2 + 1.0 4000 52, 2 52.6 + 0.4 4250 53.8 55.0 + 1.2 4500 54.0 56.1 + 2.1 4750 54.4 55.5 + 1.1 5000 54.4 54.4 + 0 x hp values for dynamometer air resistance

Result of use of the composition of the invention:

Small, but an increase in power at all measured speeds, except at 5000 rpm.

1) Measurements after wind generator repair and subsequent chassis dynamometer calibration.

2) These power measurements took place after the car had run 363 km with the addition of the composition according to the invention.

3) Compare Table 6.

4) With the composition according to the invention, nozzle diameter 1.5 mm.

14 147977 TABLE · 8

Testing of engine oil from cars 1 and 3

Car 1 without Car 1 with Car 3 with addition add addition of together of together of the composition the sentence the sentence according to according to the invention the finding the finding

Tested product Waste oil Waste oil Waste oil

Engine mileage 77,707 km 77,935 km

Sample quantity 100 ml 100 ml

Insoluble matter, weight percent with coagulant total (n-pentane) insolubles 3.20 3.30 0.17 Benzene insoluble 1.04 1.12 0.13 Oxidized fuel and / or oil (rubber and resin) 2.16 2, 08 0.04

In the laboratory tests in Series B, two standard cars were selected as test cars, one a Ford Taunus 1600, model 1975 (car 4) and one Ford taunus 1600, model 1974 (car 5). Car 4 was tested with and without supply of the composition according to the invention, while car 5 was only tested with supply of the composition. Car 5 was the same car as the one designated as car 2 in series A but had now driven approx. 40,000 km with the addition of the composition.

Before the measurements were carried out, car 4 was checked and adjusted as necessary to meet the manufacturer's specifications on the following points: a) the compression ratio b) the distance between the spark plug electrodes c) the closing contact of the spark plug d) the resistance of the spark plug cap e) idle speed f) air / fuel at idle 15 147977

No adjustments were made to car 5.

After mounting the cars on the chassis dynamometer they were started to determine: 1. The content of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrous gases (NO / NO) in the exhaust gases at idle and at different speeds according to the ECE method ( Economic Commission of Europe) driving cycle.

2. Gas volume.

3. Gasoline consumption at various fixed speeds.

4. Power curves.

The measurements were carried out by so-called "CVS bag analysis". In the experiments, a composition consisting of 67% 6% hydrogen peroxide, 27% ethanol, 5% thin lubricating oil and 0.1% anti-corrosion agent was used.

1 liter of this composition was consumed at approx. 4000 km driving with a 1.5 mm diameter nozzle.

The measurement program was as follows: 1) Car 4, no mixing of the liquid composition according to the invention, result in Table 9.

1.1 The car was driven approx. 100 km at 70 km / h in the exhaust gas laboratory to stabilize engine conditions.

1.2 Several (5) measurements of CO, HC and ΝΟχ emissions and fuel consumption were carried out during the ECE driving program.

1.3 Fuel consumption at 80 km / h was measured (5 continuous measurements to determine the time required for the consumption of 100.0 g of gasoline).

1.4 The maximum drive wheel power was measured at 6 different loads.

2) Car 4, with the mixing of the liquid composition according to the invention, no adjustment ("direct result"). Results in Table 10.

2.1 Apparatus for mixing the liquid composition according to the invention is placed on the engine of the car.

2.2 Measurements were performed as described under 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4.

3) Car 4, with the admixture of the liquid composition of the invention, adjusted to change the carburetor blend ratio ("customized result"). Results in Table 11.

3.1 The fuel / air mixture in the carburetor during idling was adjusted to obtain a 0.7% CO content in the exhaust gases.

3.2 Measurements were performed as described in 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4.

4) Car 5, incorporating the liquid composition of the invention. Results in Table 12.

4.1 Measurements were carried out on the car as it was with the mixing of the liquid composition. No modifications or adjustments were made. This car had driven 40,000 km using the system of the invention.

4.2 Measurements were carried out as described in 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4.

A car engine is affected by many factors during the measurement program, and although all instructional rules have been observed to maintain uniform conditions, repeated measurements are not likely to produce the exact same result. To obtain a basis for the specific final values, the test results have been analyzed statistically.

The statistical analysis had the following objectives: 1) To determine, from a limited number of observations, the range within which the mean values of a significant (unlimited) number of measurements should fall. This range is described using a maximum and a minimum value with a 95% probability.

2) To determine if the difference between two measurement series is significant, i.e. whether it is sufficiently large to indicate a true change in the test conditions. The difference is considered significant when there is less than 5% probability that the difference is only the result of non-recurring circumstances.

The power measurements were performed only once, and the statistical analysis was performed only on the percent mean change in each case.

The results from car 2 were not compared to the results from car 1. The reason for this is that although two engines appear to be identical, there are nonetheless differences in production which cause variations in exhaust gases, fuel consumption and maximum drive wheel power.

U7977 17 When the cars were driven on a chassis dynamometer with mixing of the liquid composition according to the invention, they showed no evidence of impaired driving performance in the form of carburetor disturbances, etc., as long as the C0 content (during idle) was not reduced to approx. 0.4% by volume.

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By summarizing the results of Test Series B, it appears that the reduction in fuel consumption and the reduction of HC and CO content in the exhaust gases were significant. The reduction in NO content was not significant, but there was, however, a decrease and not an increase like the one usually achieved by the known methods for purifying exhaust gas.

Claims (5)

147977 Patent Claims. A method for improving the combustion of a fuel containing hydrocarbon compounds in the combustion chamber or chambers of combustion engines for reducing fuel consumption and reducing the content of pollutants in the engine exhaust gases, characterized in that a liquid composition comprising: % hydrogen peroxide, 50-80% water, 15-45% aliphatic alcohol having 1-4 carbon atoms and preferably also 2-15% of a thin lubricating oil and optionally up to 5% anti-corrosion agent are introduced with an air stream into the combustion air suction pipe. or separately produced fuel-air mixture, which opens into the combustion engine combustion chamber, which combustion air or fuel-air mixture in the suction tube is intimately mixed with the airborne liquid composition so that the combustion air or fuel-air mixture enters the inlet combustion chamber. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the aliphatic alcohol is ethanol. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid composition being introduced comprises 3-7% hydrogen peroxide, 60-75% water, 32-17% ethanol, 5% thin lubricating oil and up to 1% anti-corrosion agent. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid composition being introduced comprises approx. 4% hydrogen peroxide, 63% water, 27.9% ethanol, 5% thin lubricating oil and 0.1% anti-corrosion agent. A liquid composition for carrying out the process according to claim 1 for improving the combustion of fuel containing hydrocarbon compounds in the combustion chamber or chambers of combustion engines for reducing fuel consumption and reducing the content of pollutants in the engine gas, comprising: 10% hydrogen peroxide, 50-80% water, 15-45% aliphatic alcohol having 1-4 carbon atoms and preferably 2-15% thin lubricating oil and optionally up to 5% anti-corrosion agent.