DK147731B - A TRANSPORT CONTAINER UNIT, A CALLED PACKAGING CONTAINER, INCLUDING A LOAD Pallet, AND A CONTAINER CONTAINED ON ITS TOP, AND A PROCEDURE AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A CONTAINER - Google Patents
A TRANSPORT CONTAINER UNIT, A CALLED PACKAGING CONTAINER, INCLUDING A LOAD Pallet, AND A CONTAINER CONTAINED ON ITS TOP, AND A PROCEDURE AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A CONTAINER Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK147731B DK147731B DK538882A DK538882A DK147731B DK 147731 B DK147731 B DK 147731B DK 538882 A DK538882 A DK 538882A DK 538882 A DK538882 A DK 538882A DK 147731 B DK147731 B DK 147731B
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- container
- pallet
- projection
- mandrel
- upper side
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D77/00—Packages formed by enclosing articles or materials in preformed containers, e.g. boxes, cartons, sacks or bags
- B65D77/04—Articles or materials enclosed in two or more containers disposed one within another
- B65D77/0446—Articles or materials enclosed in two or more containers disposed one within another the inner and outer containers being rigid or semi-rigid and the outer container being of polygonal cross-section not formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks
- B65D77/0453—Articles or materials enclosed in two or more containers disposed one within another the inner and outer containers being rigid or semi-rigid and the outer container being of polygonal cross-section not formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks the inner container having a polygonal cross-section
- B65D77/0466—Articles or materials enclosed in two or more containers disposed one within another the inner and outer containers being rigid or semi-rigid and the outer container being of polygonal cross-section not formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks the inner container having a polygonal cross-section the containers being mounted on a pallet
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pallets (AREA)
- Making Paper Articles (AREA)
- Liquid Developers In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
- Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
Description
147731147731
Opfindelsen angår en transportbeholderenhed, en såkaldt lastpallebeholder, som omfatter en lastpalle samt en til dennes overside fastgjort beholder, og som især er bestemt til transport og lagring af løst materiale, såsom plastkugler, -granulat og lignende materialer, hvor lastpallen har et opadrettet fremspring, hvortil beholdervæggen er fastgjort.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to a transport container unit, a so-called cargo pallet container, which comprises a cargo pallet and a container attached to the upper side thereof, and which is particularly intended for transport and storage of loose material, such as plastic balls, granules and similar materials, where the cargo pallet has an upward projection. to which the container wall is attached.
Beholdere af ovennævnte art anvendes som engangs-beholdere, d.v.s. de returneres og genanvendes ikke. Det er derfor klart, at sådanne beholdere bør kunne fremstilles ved lavest mulige omkostninger og bør alligevel være tilstrækkeligt robuste til ikke at blive beskadiget under de påvirkninger, de udsættes for under brugen. Det bør bemærkes, at påvirkningerne er relativt store, eftersom sådanne beholdere ofte anvendes til at rumme 1000 kg effektiv vægt.Containers of the above type are used as disposable containers, i.e. they are not returned and recycled. It is therefore clear that such containers should be capable of being manufactured at the lowest possible cost and yet should be sufficiently robust not to be damaged under the stresses they are exposed to during use. It should be noted that the impacts are relatively large since such containers are often used to hold 1000 kg of effective weight.
Lastpallen, som anvendes i sådanne lastpallebeholdere, er normalt en firevejspalle, d.v.s. at pallen har åbninger på fire sider til passende adgang fra alle sider for gaflen på en gaffeltruck. Hidtil er såkaldte europalier oftest blevet anvendt, d.v.s. lastpaller dannet af to træplader med mellemliggende afstandsstykker. Beholderen eller tromledelen på pallebeholderen har sædvanligvis været fremstillet af dobbeltsidigt korrugeret pap. Dette er et relativt billigt og stærkt materiale, men har nøje afgrænsede begrænsninger hvad angår formen for den mulige beholder. Dobbeltsidigt korrugeret pap kan ikke formes langs en krum linie, men må bukkes og knækkes langs rette linier. De beholdere, der hidtil har været anvendt, har derfor været mangekantede, d.v.s. i form af octaedre, såkaldte "octabins". Sådanne polygonale beholdere er imidlertid ikke de mest ønskværdige, hverken med hensyn til produktion eller anvendelse. Dobbeltsidigt bølgepap må lagres som plane, stive plader, derpå udskæres til det korrekte format og derpå bukkes og fastgøres til hinanden med hæfteklammer til dannelse af en polygonal beholder. Der er også vanskeligheder ved fremstilling af bund og låg til så- 2 147731 danne beholdere, såvel som ved fastgørelse af sådanne beholdere til lastpallen. Når desuden sådanne store beholdere fyldes, f.eks. med plastkugler eller -granulat, dannes der radiale kræfter af ikke ubetydelig størrelse, som vil søge at presse imod og udrette den polygonale beholders vægge.The pallet used in such pallet containers is usually a four-way pallet, i.e. the pallet has four sides openings for convenient access from all sides of the fork of a forklift. So far, so-called Europeans have most often been used, i.e. pallets formed of two wooden boards with intermediate spacers. The container or drum part of the pallet container has usually been made of double-sided corrugated cardboard. This is a relatively inexpensive and strong material, but has strict limitations on the shape of the possible container. Double-sided corrugated cardboard cannot be formed along a curved line, but must be bent and broken along straight lines. The containers that have been used so far have therefore been multi-edged, i.e. in the form of octahedrons, so-called "octabins". However, such polygonal containers are not the most desirable, neither in terms of production nor use. Double-sided corrugated cardboard must be stored as flat, rigid plates, then cut to the correct format and then bent and attached to each other with staples to form a polygonal container. There are also difficulties in the manufacture of bottoms and lids for such containers, as well as in attaching such containers to the pallet. In addition, when such large containers are filled, e.g. with plastic balls or granules, radial forces of not insignificant size are formed which will seek to push against and straighten the walls of the polygonal container.
Det er den foreliggende opfindelses formål at tilvejebringe en transportbeholderenhed, hvor nævnte ulemper undgås, og hvor der opnås en enhed, der kan fremstilles ved lave omkostninger, er effektiv og praktisk i anvendelse, har en ønskværdig form set ud fra en kraftfordelingssynsvinkel, og som er mere fugtbestandig end de hidtil anvendte lastpal-lebeholdere af denne type samt har stor termisk isoleringsevne.It is an object of the present invention to provide a transport container assembly wherein said drawbacks are avoided and where a low cost unit can be produced which is efficient and practical to use, has a desirable shape from a power distribution point of view, and which is more moisture resistant than the previously used cargo pallet containers of this type as well as having high thermal insulation capacity.
Dette opnås ifølge opfindelsen med en txansportbeholderehhed af den indledningsvis anførte art, som er ejendommelig ved, at 'fremspringet har en cirkulær eller praktisk taget cirkulær form, og at beholdervæggen består af en kappe af flere omviklede og klæbede lag af ensidiat korrugeret pap, som er forbundet med den rundtgående ydre kant af fremspringet.This is achieved according to the invention with a transport container assembly of the type initially indicated, characterized in that the projection has a circular or practically circular shape, and that the container wall consists of a sheath of several wrapped and adhered layers of one-sided corrugated cardboard which is connected to the circumferential outer edge of the projection.
Til opnåelse af en helt vandtæt beholder er en foretrukken udførelsesform hensigtsmæssig ved, at der inde i beholderen, som består af kappen og lastpallen, er varigt fastklæbet en tæt pose eller sæk, fortrinsvis af plast.To obtain a fully waterproof container, a preferred embodiment is convenient in that a tightly sealed bag or bag, preferably of plastic, is permanently adhered within the container, which consists of the jacket and pallet.
En fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af transportbeholderenheder, som består af en lastpalle og en til lastpallens overside fastgjort beholder, især til transport og oplagring af løst materiale, er ejendommelig ved, at en færdigfremstillet lastpalle, der har et cirkulært opadrettet fremspring på sin overside, fastgøres med sin overside til enden af en vikledorn, som har en diameter svarende til fremspringets diameter, og at et ensidigt korrugeret pap, som er påført klæbestof, i flere lag vikles på dornen og den ydre kant af fremspringet på 3 147731 lastpallen til fastklæbning af lagene indbyrdes og til kanten af fremspringet.A method of manufacturing transport container units consisting of a pallet and a container attached to the top of the pallet, in particular for transport and storage of loose material, is characterized in that a finished pallet having a circular upward projection on its upper side is secured with its upper side to the end of a winding mandrel having a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the projection, and that a single-sided corrugated cardboard applied to adhesive is wound in several layers on the mandrel and the outer edge of the projection of the cargo pallet for bonding the layers to one another and to the edge of the projection.
En videreudvikling af fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er hensigtsmæssig ved, at en vandtæt sæk af et passende materiale, såsom plast, trækkes over dornen, før lastpallen fastgøres til dornens ende, og at den viklede kappe klæbes til sækken.A further development of the method according to the invention is advantageous in that a waterproof bag of a suitable material, such as plastic, is pulled over the mandrel before attaching the pallet to the end of the mandrel and that the wound jacket is adhered to the bag.
Transportbeholderenheden ifølge opfindelsen kan fremstilles ved lave omkostninger, eftersom et meget enkelt vikleværktøj kan anvendes og beholderkappen fremstilles ved simple viklinger af f.eks. ensidigt korrugeret klæbestofpåført pap, hvorefter paplagene indbyrdes sammenklæbes og klæbes til lastpallens fremspring. Derved undgås anvendelsen af stykvarema-teriale, som nødvendigvis resulterer i diskontinuert fremstilling, således som det er tilfældet ved fremstilling af mangekantede beholdere, hvortil der anvendes dobbeltsidigt korrugeret pap.The transport container unit according to the invention can be manufactured at low cost since a very simple winding tool can be used and the container sheath is manufactured by simple windings of e.g. unilaterally corrugated adhesive applied cardboard, after which the cardboard layers are bonded together and adhered to the pallet projection. This avoids the use of piece material, which necessarily results in discontinuous manufacture, as is the case with the manufacture of multi-sided containers for which double-sided corrugated cardboard is used.
Opfindelsen angår derfor også et apparat til fremstilling af transportbeholderenheder ved udøvelse af den ovenfor omtalte fremgangsmåde, hvor der anvendes en lastpalle med en til dennes overside fastgjort beholder, og hvor lastpallens overside har en central fordybning. Apparatet er ejendommelig ved, at det omfatter en viklemaskine med en vikledorn, hvis yderste ende er udformet til sammen med fordybningen i lastpallens overside at danne en tap/hulforbindelse.The invention therefore also relates to an apparatus for the manufacture of transport container units in the practice of the above-mentioned method, in which a pallet with a container attached to its upper side is used and the upper side of the pallet has a central recess. The apparatus is characterized in that it comprises a winding machine with a winding mandrel, the outer end of which is designed to form, together with the recess in the upper side of the pallet, a pin / hole connection.
Opfindelsen vil i det følgende blive nærmere forklaret under henvisning til tegningen, hvor fig. 1 viser en udførelsesform for en transportbeholderenhed ifølge opfindelsen, fig. 2 et tværsnit langs II-II i fig. 1, fig. 3 et tværsnit langs III-III i fig. 2, og fig. 4 skematisk fremstillingssekvensen for en transportbeholderenhed ifølge opfindelsen.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in which: FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a transport container unit according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view along II-II of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view along III-III of FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the manufacturing sequence of a transport container unit according to the invention.
4 1477314 147731
Pallebeholderen ifølge opfindelsen består af en palle 1, som fortrinsvis er støbt af ekspanderet polystyren. Pallen består af en massiv plade 2 med ben, der forløber nedad fra bundsiden, i det viste eksempel tre ben 3, som er indrettet således, at der findes to åbninger 4 til indføring af gaflen fra en konventionel gaffeltruck. Til undgåelse af unødige kraftmomenter er pallens hjørner affasede. Til pallens overside er fastgjort en cirkulær kappe 5, der er fremstillet af pladeformet materiale. Beholderens øverste åbning er lukket af et låg 6. Ved en bortskåret del i fig. 1 kan det ses, at beholderen er fyldt med løst gods 7, såsom 1000 kg plastgranulat.The pallet container according to the invention consists of a pallet 1 which is preferably molded from expanded polystyrene. The pallet consists of a solid plate 2 with legs extending downwards from the bottom side, in the example shown three legs 3, which are arranged so that there are two openings 4 for introducing the fork from a conventional forklift. To avoid unnecessary force moments, the corners of the pallet are chamfered. Attached to the upper side of the pallet is a circular sheath 5 made of plate-shaped material. The upper opening of the container is closed by a lid 6. At a cut-away part in fig. 1 it can be seen that the container is filled with loose goods 7, such as 1000 kg of plastic granulate.
En praktisk udførelsesform for pallebeholderen ses tydeligere i fig. 2 og 3. På oversiden af den pladeformede del 2 af pallen findes et opadvendt fremspring 8, hvortil kappen 5 er fastgjort. Kappen består af flere lag ensidigt korrugeret pap, således som det bedst fremgår af fig. 3. Fremspringet 8 har en korrugeret eller bølgeformet omkreds 10 svarende til kor-rugeringerne 10 i det indreste korrugerede lag 11 af kappen.A practical embodiment of the pallet container is more clearly seen in FIG. 2 and 3. On the upper side of the plate-shaped part 2 of the pallet there is an upwardly projecting projection 8 to which the sheath 5 is attached. The jacket consists of several layers of unilateral corrugated cardboard, as best seen in FIG. 3. The projection 8 has a corrugated or corrugated circumference 10 corresponding to the corrugations 10 in the innermost corrugated layer 11 of the sheath.
Derved opnås en optimal sammenføjning af kappen 5 med fremspringet 8. For at tillade vand at løbe bort, således at den nederste ende af kappen 5 ikke bliver påvirket af opsamlet vand, kan pallens overside uden for kappen have en skrånende kant 12. Inde i beholderen kan en pose eller sæk 13 af plast være påklæbet.In this way, an optimal joining of the casing 5 with the projection 8. is achieved. In order to allow water to run away so that the lower end of the casing 5 is not affected by collected water, the upper surface of the pallet outside the casing may have a sloping edge 12. Inside the container For example, a plastic bag or sack 13 may be affixed.
Fig. 4 viser, hvorledes pallebeholderen ifølge opfindelsen fremstilles. Sækken 13 trækkes over vikledornen 14 på en viklemaskine 15. Den yderste ende af dornen er forsynet med en tap 16, som passer stramt ind i en central fordybning 17 i pallens 1 overside . Dornen 14 har samme diameter som pallens 1 fremspring 8.FIG. 4 shows how the pallet container according to the invention is manufactured. The bag 13 is pulled over the winding mandrel 14 on a winding machine 15. The outer end of the mandrel is provided with a pin 16 which fits tightly into a central recess 17 in the upper side of the pallet 1. The mandrel 14 has the same diameter as the projection 8 of the pallet 1.
Når pallen er blevet fastgjort på denne måde til dornen, afvikles en rulle 18 af viklemateriale, f.eks. i form af ensidigt korrugeret pap, fra rullen og anbringes på dornen, som derpå sættes i rotation. Mellem vikledornen 14 og rullen 18 er anbragt et klæbestofpåføringsorgan 19 til afgivelse af 5 147731 klæbestof til pladematerialet 20 på materialets inderside, som vender mod dornen. Det ensidigt korrugerede pap vikles med den korrugerede side vendt indad mod dornen. På denne måde opnås en glat og stærk udvendig overflade på den færdige kappe 5, og som nævnt i det foregående opnås også en meget god binding mellem kappen 5 og fremspringet 8, eftersom fremspringets omkreds er bibragt en bølgeformst eller komplementært korrugeret kontur svarende til korrugeringeme på viklematerialet. Hvis sækken 13 af plast indsættes i dornen, før viklingen påbegyndes, kan klæbestof være påført hele viklematerialet på den side, som vender mod dornen, og det første lag korrugeret pap vil da blive klæbet til sækken. Hvis af en el^er anden grund en sæk ikke ønskes anvendt, må det første lag af kappen 5 være uden klæbestof på den første del deraf, som vil være i kontakt med dornen, og forsynes kun med klæbestof på den del deraf, som ligger omkring fremspringet 8.When the pallet has been secured in this way to the mandrel, a roll 18 of winding material, e.g. in the form of unilaterally corrugated cardboard, from the roll and placed on the mandrel which is then rotated. Between the winding mandrel 14 and the roller 18 is arranged an adhesive applicator 19 for dispensing adhesive to the sheet material 20 on the inside of the material facing the mandrel. The unilaterally corrugated cardboard is wound with the corrugated side facing inward toward the mandrel. In this way, a smooth and strong exterior surface of the finished sheath 5 is obtained and, as mentioned above, a very good bond is also obtained between the sheath 5 and the protrusion 8, since the circumference of the protrusion is provided with a waveform or complementary corrugated contour corresponding to the corrugations of the winding material. If the plastic sack 13 is inserted into the mandrel before the winding begins, adhesive may be applied to the entire winding material on the side facing the mandrel, and the first layer of corrugated cardboard will then be adhered to the sack. If, for any other reason, a sack is not desired to be used, the first layer of the casing 5 must be free of adhesive on the first portion thereof which will be in contact with the mandrel and be provided with adhesive only on the portion thereof lying thereon. around the projection 8.
Til lettelse af kappens 5 fjernelse fra dornen 14 kan dornen enten være fremstillet sammenklappelig, eller der kan indføres trykluft i dornen, som trænger gennem små dyseåbninger i dornen til udstrømning mellem dornen og den viklede kappe.To facilitate removal of the sheath 5 from the mandrel 14, the mandrel can either be made collapsible or compressed air may be introduced into the mandrel, which penetrates through small nozzle openings in the mandrel for outflow between the mandrel and the wound sheath.
Ved at anbringe en plastsæk inde i beholderen allerede på fremstillingsstadet opnås en mere effektiv produktion sammenlignet med tidligere produktionsmetoder, eftersom indsættelsen af en stor sæk af denne art i en færdig beholder er et tidsrøvende arbejde.By placing a plastic bag inside the container already at the manufacturing stage, more efficient production is achieved compared to previous production methods, since the insertion of a large bag of this kind into a finished container is a time consuming task.
I den beskrevne palleudførelse, som kan produceres ved lave omkostninger og er praktisk i anvendelse, består lastpallen af ekspanderet plast, såsom ekspanderet polystyren, og har en tæt overflade. Derved opnås en vandtæt lastpalle, der effektivt beskytter pallen mod gennemtrængning af fugt gennem bunden, hvis en container eller beholder blot lagres på jorden udendørs. Med en beholderkappe af cirkulær form kan den mindst mulige materialemænade anvendes til omslutning af 147731 6 et givet tværsnitsareal. Den cirkulære form vil ikke blive deformeret af tryk fra dens indvendige last og modstår også ydre påvirkninger bedre end mangekantede beholdere. Når de stables, har beholdere af cirkulær rørform optimal brudstyrke. Pallebeholderen har også en stor termisk isoleringsevne, fordi dens væg eller kappe omfatter et antal hulrum på grund af de mange vindingslag af ensidigt korrugeret pap. Isoleringsevnen kan endog forøges ved anvendelse af et låg af ekspanderet plast.In the described pallet design, which can be produced at low cost and is practical to use, the pallet consists of expanded plastic, such as expanded polystyrene, and has a dense surface. This provides a waterproof pallet that effectively protects the pallet from penetrating moisture through the bottom if a container or container is simply stored on the ground outdoors. With a container sheath of circular shape, the least possible material shortage can be used to enclose a given cross-sectional area. The circular shape will not be deformed by pressure from its internal load and also withstand external influences better than multi-sided containers. When stacked, circular tubing containers have optimum breaking strength. The pallet container also has a great thermal insulating ability because its wall or sheath comprises a number of voids due to the many winding layers of unilaterally corrugated cardboard. The insulating ability can even be increased by using an expanded plastic lid.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO811197A NO149203C (en) | 1981-04-07 | 1981-04-07 | DEVICE AT A PALLBOX. |
| NO811197 | 1981-04-07 | ||
| NO8200016 | 1982-04-01 | ||
| PCT/NO1982/000016 WO1982003371A1 (en) | 1981-04-07 | 1982-04-01 | Transport container assembly |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK538882A DK538882A (en) | 1982-12-06 |
| DK147731B true DK147731B (en) | 1984-11-26 |
| DK147731C DK147731C (en) | 1985-08-19 |
Family
ID=19886006
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK538882A DK147731C (en) | 1981-04-07 | 1982-12-06 | A TRANSPORT CONTAINER UNIT, A CALLED PACKAGING CONTAINER, INCLUDING A LOAD Pallet, AND A CONTAINER CONTAINED ON ITS TOP, AND A PROCEDURE AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A CONTAINER |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0075573B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3265169D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK147731C (en) |
| FI (1) | FI68581C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO149203C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1982003371A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3270482D1 (en) * | 1981-11-26 | 1986-05-15 | Ici Plc | Intermediate bulk containers |
| GB2159792A (en) * | 1984-06-01 | 1985-12-11 | Chang Wei Chuan | Improvements on method of and apparatus for transporting goods |
| NO307921B1 (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 2000-06-19 | Norpapp As | Transport container and method of manufacture thereof |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1171682B (en) * | 1961-05-30 | 1964-06-04 | Ultra Kunststoffverarbeitung G | Tubular body wound from several layers of a strip-shaped material and lined with a plastic film |
| FR2120210A5 (en) * | 1970-09-01 | 1972-08-18 | Isle De France Etu Carto | |
| FR2128054A1 (en) * | 1971-03-02 | 1972-10-20 | Papeteries De Lumbres | Expanded polystyrene pallet - which supports the sidewalls of a cardboard pack |
-
1981
- 1981-04-07 NO NO811197A patent/NO149203C/en unknown
-
1982
- 1982-04-01 WO PCT/NO1982/000016 patent/WO1982003371A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1982-04-01 EP EP82901023A patent/EP0075573B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-04-01 DE DE8282901023T patent/DE3265169D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-11-19 FI FI823980A patent/FI68581C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-12-06 DK DK538882A patent/DK147731C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO149203B (en) | 1983-11-28 |
| DK538882A (en) | 1982-12-06 |
| DK147731C (en) | 1985-08-19 |
| FI823980L (en) | 1982-11-19 |
| NO811197L (en) | 1982-10-08 |
| FI68581B (en) | 1985-06-28 |
| FI68581C (en) | 1985-10-10 |
| FI823980A0 (en) | 1982-11-19 |
| EP0075573A1 (en) | 1983-04-06 |
| WO1982003371A1 (en) | 1982-10-14 |
| EP0075573B1 (en) | 1985-08-07 |
| NO149203C (en) | 1984-03-07 |
| DE3265169D1 (en) | 1985-09-12 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| PBP | Patent lapsed |