DK147500B - PROCEDURE FOR REDUCING THE EFFECT OF IS ON A MARINE CONSTRUCTION LOCATED STATIONALLY ON THE BOTTOM OF A WATER AREA AND MARINE CONSTRUCTION TO EXERCISE THE PROCEDURE - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR REDUCING THE EFFECT OF IS ON A MARINE CONSTRUCTION LOCATED STATIONALLY ON THE BOTTOM OF A WATER AREA AND MARINE CONSTRUCTION TO EXERCISE THE PROCEDURE Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK147500B DK147500B DK342175AA DK342175A DK147500B DK 147500 B DK147500 B DK 147500B DK 342175A A DK342175A A DK 342175AA DK 342175 A DK342175 A DK 342175A DK 147500 B DK147500 B DK 147500B
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- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- ice
- wall
- platform
- procedure
- wall section
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
- E02B17/0017—Means for protecting offshore constructions
- E02B17/0021—Means for protecting offshore constructions against ice-loads
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
Description
147500 i147500 i
Opfindelsen vedrører en fremgangsmåde til reduktion af påvirkningen fra is på en marinekonstruk-tion, som er anbragt stationært på bunden af et vandområde, der under naturligt herskende forhold kan 5 fryse til, hvilken marinekonstruktion på den nedre del af en opad konvergerende ydervæg, der strækker sig både under og over vandoverfladen, har et rampelignende vægafsnit til løftning af en isflage, der bevæger sig ind mod væggen.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a method of reducing the impact of ice on a marine structure which is stationary on the bottom of a water area which, under natural conditions, can freeze to which marine structure on the lower part of an upwardly converging outer wall extends both below and above the water surface, has a ramp-like wall section for lifting an ice sheet moving toward the wall.
10 I arktiske og antarktiske farvande kan vinter- .10 In Arctic and Antarctic waters, winter.
isen nå op på en tykkelse af 3m eller mere, og skruninger og andre ophobninger kan på visse steder give istykkelser, der er flere gange tykkelsen af selve isdækket. Selv om isflager normalt bevæger sig for-15 holdsvis langsomt under påvirkning af vind og vandstrømme, kan bevægelige ismasser forårsage meget store påvirkninger på en stationær konstruktion, som de møder.the ice reaches a thickness of 3m or more, and in some places, scuffs and other accumulations can produce ice thicknesses that are several times the thickness of the ice cover itself. Although ice floes usually move relatively slowly under the influence of wind and water currents, moving ice masses can cause very large impacts on a stationary structure that they encounter.
Fra DK-patentskrift nr. 143 114 kendes en 20 fremgangsmåde af den ovenfor angivne art, som er ejendommelig ved, at den konvergerende ydervæg af konstruktionens nedre del ved tilførsel af varme holdes på en temperatur, der ligger over smeltepunktet for den omgivende is.From Danish Patent Specification No. 143,114, a method of the above-mentioned type is known, which is characterized in that the converging outer wall of the lower part of the structure, when supplied with heat, is kept at a temperature which is above the melting point of the surrounding ice.
25 Påvirkningen på en marinekonstruktion fra en til denne fastfrosset og af vind og strøm påvirket ismasse er betydelig større end den påvirkning konstruktionen udsættes for, når en frit bevægelig ismasse tvinges op ad det rampelignende vægafsnit og på 30 grund af de voksende bøjningspåvirkninger efterhånden knækker i mindre stykker. Ved den i det nævnte DK-patentskrift beskrevne fremgangsmåde medfører opvarmningen af konstruktionens ydervæg, at der ved kontakt mellem denne og isen dannes et tyndt vandlag, der be- 2 147500 virker, at isen bevæger sig op ad rampen allerede når påvirkningen på isen overskrider en relativt lav værdi.25 The impact on a marine structure from an ice mass affected by this frozen and wind and current is significantly greater than the impact the structure is exposed to when a freely moving ice mass is forced up the ramp-like wall section and, due to the increasing bending effects, gradually breaks into smaller pieces. In the method described in said DK patent, the heating of the outer wall of the structure results in contact between the ice and the ice forming a thin layer of water which causes the ice to move up the ramp already when the impact on the ice exceeds a relatively low value.
Som varmekilde til denne fremgangsmåde benyt-5 tes primært spildvarme i form af udstødsgas fra i forbindelse med platformens drift anvendt kraftmaskineri. Spildvarmen udnyttes ved at lede udstødsgassen enten gennem varmevekslere eller direkte gennem ledninger i varmeoverførende kontakt med væggen. I 10 førstnævnte tilfælde opvarmes en væske, der pumpes gennem organer eller områder i kontakt med væggen.As the heat source for this process, waste heat is primarily used in the form of exhaust gas from the power plant used in the platform operation. The waste heat is utilized by passing the exhaust gas either through heat exchangers or directly through wires in heat transferring contact with the wall. In the first 10 cases, a liquid is pumped through organs or areas in contact with the wall.
I perioder, hvor platformen ikke er i normal drift, og hvor den friktionsmindskende effekt ønskes opretholdt, er det derfor nødvendigt at drive kraft-15 maskineriet eller andet eventuelt eksternt eller separat udstyr med deraf følgende højere varmeforbrug.Therefore, during periods when the platform is not in normal operation and where the friction-reducing effect is desired to be maintained, it is necessary to operate the power machinery or any other external or separate equipment with consequent higher heat consumption.
Nærværende opfindelse tager sigte på at angive en alternativ fremgangsmåde til at reducere de maksimale kræfter, hvormed isen kan komme til at påvirke 20 konstruktionen, og fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved, at i det mindste det nævnte vægafsnit fremstilles med en overflade af et materiale, som giver en maksimal vedhæftning mellem isen og 2 overfladematerialet på 7 kp/cm · 25 Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen har i sam menligning med den kendte teknik den fordel, at der ikke kræves stadig opvarmning for opnåelse af den friktionsmindskende effekt og dermed nedsatte ispåvirkning på konstruktionen. Endvidere forudsættes in-30 gen foranstaltninger ud over det friktionsmindskende materialelag, hvorved der spares plads og udgifter til installering og drift af vægopvarmningssystemet, der eksempelvis omfatter varmevekslere, cirkulationspumper til varmeoverførende væske, rørsystemer og 35 slanger. Fremgangsmåden ifølge nærværende opfindelse 3 147500 bevirker endvidere, at marinekonstruktionen har et mindre varmeforbrug og eventuelt slet intet, hvis den er ude af drift.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention aims to provide an alternative method of reducing the maximum forces with which the ice can affect the structure, and the method of the invention is characterized in that at least said wall portion is made with a surface of a material. which provides a maximum adhesion between the ice and the 2 surface material of 7 kp / cm · The process of the invention, in comparison with the prior art, has the advantage that no additional heating is required to obtain the friction-reducing effect and thus reduced ice effect on the structure. In addition, no measures are required in addition to the friction-reducing material layer, thereby saving space and costs for installation and operation of the wall heating system, which includes, for example, heat exchangers, circulating pumps for heat transfer fluid, pipe systems and 35 hoses. The process of the present invention also causes the marine structure to have less heat consumption and possibly nothing at all if it is out of service.
Overfladematerialet kan påføres som en belæg-5 ning på det nævnte vægafsnit eller vægafsnittet kan i sin helhed være fremstillet af materialet. Egnede materialer er bl.a. carbonhalogenider, såsom tetra-fluorethylenpolymere, tetrafluorethylen/hexafluorpro-pylen-copolymere, chlortrifluorethylen-polymere, og 10 nyloner, såsom polyamid-polymere eller -copolymere og polylactamer. Til sammenligning kan nævnes, at ved-hæftningen mellem stål og is ved en temperatur på ca.The surface material may be applied as a coating to said wall section or the wall section may be made entirely of the material. Suitable materials include carbon halides such as tetrafluoroethylene polymers, tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymers, chlorotrifluoroethylene polymers, and nylons such as polyamide polymers or copolymers and polylactams. By comparison, the adhesion between steel and ice at a temperature of approx.
-7°C kan være så høj som 7 kp/cm .-7 ° C can be as high as 7 kp / cm.
Opfindelsen vedrører også en marinekonstruk-15 tion til udøvelse af ovennævnte fremgangsmåde, hvilken marinekonstruktion på den nedre del af en opad konvergerende ydervæg, der strækker sig både under og over vandoverfladen, har et rampelignende vægafsnit til løftning af en isflage, der bevæger sig ind mod 20 væggen, ejendommelig ved, at i det mindste overfladen af det nævnte vægafsnit er fremstillet af et materiale, som giver en maksimal vedhæftning mellem isen og 2 overfladematerialet på 7 kp/cm .The invention also relates to a marine structure for carrying out the above-mentioned method, which marine structure on the lower part of an upwardly converging outer wall extending both below and above the water surface has a ramp-like wall section for lifting an ice sheet moving towards 20, characterized in that at least the surface of said wall section is made of a material which provides a maximum bond between the ice and the 2 surface material of 7 kp / cm.
I det følgende forklares opfindelsen nærmere 25 under henvisning til tegningen, hvor fig. 1 viser et lodret snit gennem en første udførelsesform for en marinekonstruktion ifølge opfindelsen i form af en boreplatform.In the following, the invention is explained in greater detail with reference to the drawing, in which 1 shows a vertical section through a first embodiment of a marine structure according to the invention in the form of a drilling platform.
fig. 2 et snit langs linien 2-2 i fig. 1 30 fig. 3 et lodret snit gennem en anden udførel sesform for en boreplatform ifølge opfindelsen med varmeoverførende plader til at opvarme det kritiske område af platformens ydervæg over smeltepunktet for den omgivende naturlige is, 4 147500 fig. 4 et planbillede af platformen i fig. 3 delvis i snit efter linien 4-4 i fig. 3 og med visse dele fjernet for tydeligheds skyld, fig. 5 et lodret snit af en platform med en 5 ydre skal af et materiale med lille eller ingen adhæsion til is, fig. 6 et planbillede af platformen i fig. 5 delvis i snit efter linien 6-6 i fig. 5 og med visse dele fjernet for tydeligheds skyld, 10 fig. 7 et lodret snit af en platform med be lagte ydersider, som ikke er opvarmet, medens der findes indre opvarmning for platformens personale, og fig. 8 et planbillede af platformen i fig. 7 delvis i snit efter linien 8-8 i fig. 7 og med visse 15 dele fjernet for tydeligheds skyld.FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line 2-2 of FIG. 1 FIG. 3 is a vertical section through a second embodiment of a drilling platform according to the invention with heat transfer plates for heating the critical area of the outer wall of the platform above the melting point of the surrounding natural ice; 4 is a plan view of the platform of FIG. 3 partly in section along line 4-4 of FIG. 3 and with certain parts removed for clarity; FIG. 5 is a vertical section of a platform with an outer shell of a material with little or no adhesion to ice; FIG. 6 is a plan view of the platform of FIG. 5 partly in section along line 6-6 of FIG. 5 and with certain parts removed for clarity; FIG. 7 is a vertical sectional view of a platform with uncoated outer surfaces while internal heating is provided for the platform personnel; and FIG. 8 is a plan view of the platform of FIG. 7 partly in section along line 8-8 of FIG. 7 and with certain 15 parts removed for clarity.
Selv om de viste konstruktioner er betegnet som boreplatforme, er det klart, at opfindelsen kan anvendes i andre marinekonstruktioner, f.eks. produktionsplatforme, laste- og lossestationer for tank-20 skibe, fyrtårne, moler og andre bygværker, der er anbragt på en fast position, og som udsættes for kræfter fra is, som bevæger sig på vandets overflade.Although the structures shown are designated as drilling platforms, it is clear that the invention can be used in other marine structures, e.g. production platforms, loading and unloading stations for tankers, lighthouses, piers and other structures that are placed in a fixed position and subjected to the forces of ice moving on the surface of the water.
Fig. 1 viser en boreplatform 10, der er placeret i et vandområde 12 og midlertidig fastgjort 25 til havbunden 14 ved hjælp af pæle 16. Platformen er udformet specielt til anbringelse i arktiske have, på hvilke der sæsonmæssigt dannes et tykt dække af is 18. Platformen har en bærende nedre del 20, som går ned i vandet og understøtter en arbejdsplatform 22 30 over vandets overflade. Arbejdsplatformen kan indeholde flere dæk og kan være lukket og opvarmet til tilvejebringelse af en passende komfortabel arbejdsplads og beskyttelse af personel og udstyr mod vintervejret, hvor temperaturen kan falde ned til ca.FIG. 1 shows a drilling platform 10 located in a watershed 12 and temporarily attached 25 to the seabed 14 by means of piles 16. The platform is designed specifically for placement in the Arctic seas, on which seasonally a thick cover of ice 18. The platform has a bearing lower portion 20, which goes into the water and supports a working platform 22 30 above the surface of the water. The work platform can contain several decks and can be closed and heated to provide a suitable comfortable workplace and protection of personnel and equipment against the winter weather, where the temperature can drop to approx.
35 -50°C. Boreplatformen i fig. 1 kan være konstrueret 147500 5 til boring af ti eller flere brønde fra samme platform i en dybde på ca. 4800 m, og som eksempel kan en platform af denne kapacitet og til anbringelse på 12 m vand have en bunddiameter på ca. 55 m og en diame-5 ter i vandlinien på ca. 36 m. Dens nederste del kan have en højde på ca. 25 m, og dens øverste del kan indbefatte et boretårn, som når op i en højde på ca.35 -50 ° C. The drilling platform of FIG. 1 may be constructed for drilling ten or more wells from the same platform at a depth of approx. 4800 m, and as an example, a platform of this capacity and for placing 12 m of water may have a bottom diameter of approx. 55 m and a diameter in the waterline of approx. 36 m. Its lower part may have a height of approx. 25 m, and its upper part may include a drill tower which reaches a height of approx.
50 m over havets overflade.50 m above sea level.
Konstruktionen i fig. 1 og 2 har ballasttanke 10 24, som er indbygget i delen 20, og som har fjernbe tjente søhaner 26 og indblæsningsrør 28 for trykluft fra en kompressor 30.The construction of FIG. 1 and 2 have ballast tanks 10 24, which are built into the portion 20 and which have remotely operated sea taps 26 and compressed air supply pipes 28 from a compressor 30.
Platformen har ben 31, som er forskydelige op og ned i forhold til selve platformen ved hjælp af 15 donkrafte 33, og som har fødder 35 og indre styr 32, se fig. 2, for pælene 16, når disse drives ned i havbunden for at holde platformen fast på positionen.The platform has legs 31 which are slidable up and down relative to the platform itself by means of jacks 33, and which have feet 35 and inner guide 32, see FIG. 2, for the piles 16 as they are driven into the seabed to hold the platform to the position.
Fig. 1 viser boreplatformen anbragt på borestedet og udstyret til borearbejde. Boretårnet 39 20 er lukket til beskyttelse mod vejret og strækker sig ned i konstruktionen til et dæk 41, som indeholder en understøtning 43 for drejebordet. Boretårnet har en topblok 45, som kan flyttes til at flugte i lodret retning med hver af positionerne 47, som det ses 25 i fig. 2, på en bundplade 49, gennem hvilken forskellige borehuller kan bores. Drejebordet, som ikke er vist, er på samme måde udformet til at kunne bringes til at flugte med hver af positionerne 47. Når et borehul bores, sættes en foring 51 i borehullet 30 og fastgøres med vandtæt forbindelse 53 til pladen 49. Hvis platformen skal flyttes til en anden position, frigøres foringen fra platformen, og et vandtæt dæksel fastgøres over vedkommende åbning.FIG. Figure 1 shows the drilling platform located on the drilling site and equipped for drilling. The drill tower 39 20 is closed for protection against the weather and extends into the structure of a deck 41 which contains a support 43 for the turntable. The drill tower has a top block 45 which can be moved to align vertically with each of the positions 47, as seen 25 in FIG. 2, on a base plate 49 through which various boreholes can be drilled. The turntable, which is not shown, is similarly designed to align with each of the positions 47. When drilling a borehole, a liner 51 is inserted into the borehole 30 and secured with waterproof connection 53 to the plate 49. If the platform is to moved to another position, the liner is released from the platform and a waterproof cover is secured over the opening.
Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen kan også an-35 vendes som supplement til den i ovennævnte DK-patent- 6 147500 skrift nr. 143 114 anviste opvarmning. I så tilfælde ledes udstødsgassen fra to som platformens kraftkilde anvendte gasturbiner 34 og 36, der er vist skematisk i fig. 1, gennem ledninger 38 og 40 til varmeveks-5 lere 42 og 44, vist i form af rørspiraler.The process according to the invention can also be used in addition to the heating disclosed in the aforementioned DK patent. In this case, the exhaust gas is conducted from two gas turbines 34 and 36 used as the platform's power source, shown schematically in FIG. 1, through conduits 38 and 40 to heat exchangers 42 and 44, shown in the form of pipe coils.
Ydervæggen 70 af platformens nedre del 20 har et overtræk eller en belægning 131 fremstillet af et materiale, som reducerer isadhæsion. En yderligere fordel ved belægningen 131, som er direkte 10 fremkaldt af dens ikke-adhæsive egenskaber, er dens minimale modstand over for isbevægelser hen over den. Belægningen er enten mekanisk eller kemisk fastgjort på væggen.The outer wall 70 of the lower portion 20 of the platform has a coating or coating 131 made of a material which reduces ice adhesion. A further advantage of the coating 131, which is directly induced by its non-adhesive properties, is its minimal resistance to ice movements across it. The coating is either mechanically or chemically attached to the wall.
En slidplade 90 af et materiale, der reduce-15 rer isens adhæsion, er fastgjort på ydersiden af væggen 70 i det område af platformen, hvor der er berøring med isen, til at forstærke dette område og til at optage stød- og slidpåvirkninger fra islaget, der hviler mod konstruktionen. På grund af at denne slid-20 plade 90 har ringe eller slet ingen vedhæftnings-egenskaber, er isens vedhæftning til væggen i dette område minimal.A wear plate 90 of a material which reduces the adhesion of the ice is attached to the outside of the wall 70 in the area of the ice-contacting platform to reinforce this area and to absorb shock and abrasion effects from the ice layer. that rests against the construction. Because this abrasion plate 90 has little or no adhesive properties, the adhesion of the ice to the wall in this area is minimal.
Fig. 3 og 4 viser en alternativ udformning af konstruktionen ifølge opfindelsen og viser også en 25 modificeret udformning af platformen. I fig. 3 og 4 anvendes samme henvisningsbetegnelser for tilsvarende komponenter som i det foregående.FIG. 3 and 4 show an alternative design of the construction according to the invention and also show a modified design of the platform. In FIG. 3 and 4, the same reference numerals are used for similar components as above.
I dette eksempel kan den nedre bæredel 20 og det øvre dæk 22 være udformet som separate enheder, 30 der samles på stedet. Den bærende del har pælestyr 32 indbygget langs platformens periferi såvel som gennem dens midterdel til at optage et tilsvarende antal pæle 16.In this example, the lower support portion 20 and the upper tire 22 may be formed as separate assemblies 30 assembled on site. The supporting portion has pile guide 32 built in along the periphery of the platform as well as through its center portion to accommodate a corresponding number of piles 16.
Fig. 5 og 6 viser skematisk en platform, hvis 35 ydre væg 137 er fremstillet af et materiale, der 7 147500 formindsker isadhæsion, specielt et af de ovenfor opregnede materialer. Platformen kan også have en opvarmet ydre overflade, selv om opvarmning af overfladen ikke er nødvendig. Hvis der anvendes opvarmning, 5 kan man enten bruge varmeapparaterne vist i fig. 5 og 6 eller et opvarmningssystem mage til det, der er vist i fig. 3. Varmesystemet kan ved denne modifikation virke som en hjælp til den ikke vedhæftende ydre væg 137.FIG. 5 and 6 schematically show a platform whose outer wall 137 is made of a material which reduces ice adhesion, especially one of the materials listed above. The platform may also have a heated outer surface, although heating of the surface is not required. If heating is used, either the heaters shown in FIG. 5 and 6 or a heating system similar to that shown in FIG. 3. In this modification, the heating system can act as an aid to the non-adherent outer wall 137.
10 I fig. 7 og 8 er vist et eksempel på en plat form uden opvarmning af den ydre væg. I denne udførelse er ballasttankene 24 enten fyldt med en blanding af havvand og antifrostvæske, eller de er svagt opvarmede, så at ballastvandet i dem ikke fryser.10 In FIG. 7 and 8 are shown an example of a flat shape without heating the outer wall. In this embodiment, the ballast tanks 24 are either filled with a mixture of seawater and antifreeze, or they are slightly heated so that the ballast water in them does not freeze.
15 Varmevekslerne 42 og 44, som er forbundet ved hjælp af passende pumper 50 og 52 og ledninger 63 og 64, fordeler varmen inden for området, som er omsluttet af den belagte væg 70, og som anvendes af platformens personale. En fordelagtig følge af dette arran-20 gement består i en omkostningsbesparelse for rørsystemet, brændsels- og opvarmningsapparaterne, som kræves til overføring af varme til skallens yderside.The heat exchangers 42 and 44, which are connected by suitable pumps 50 and 52 and conduits 63 and 64, distribute the heat within the area enclosed by the coated wall 70 used by the platform staff. An advantageous result of this arrangement consists in a cost saving for the piping system, the fuel and heating apparatus required to transfer heat to the exterior of the shell.
For platforme af de dimensioner, som er omtalt ovenfor, vil den kraft, der udøves på platformen ved 25 bevægelsen af et islag, der er ca. 2,5 m tykt, og som er frosset fast til platformens yderside, være på i alt ca. 5-10xl06 kp. Når skallen er belagt og opvarmet over isens smeltepunkt, og adhæsionen er brudt, vil kraften fra islaget på platformen være reduceret 30 til omkring en tiendedel, dvs. ca. 106 kp.For platforms of the dimensions referred to above, the force exerted on the platform by the movement of an ice layer which is approx. 2.5 m thick, and frozen to the outside of the platform, be a total of approx. 5-10x106 kp. When the shell is coated and heated above the melting point of the ice and the adhesion is broken, the force from the ice layer on the platform will be reduced 30 to about one tenth, i.e. ca. 106 kp.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US49017474 | 1974-07-29 | ||
US05/490,174 US3972199A (en) | 1972-06-26 | 1974-07-29 | Low adhesional arctic offshore platform |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DK342175A DK342175A (en) | 1976-01-30 |
DK147500B true DK147500B (en) | 1984-09-03 |
DK147500C DK147500C (en) | 1985-03-25 |
Family
ID=23946908
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DK342175A DK147500C (en) | 1974-07-29 | 1975-07-28 | PROCEDURE FOR REDUCING THE EFFECT OF IS ON A MARINE CONSTRUCTION LOCATED STATIONALLY ON THE BOTTOM OF A WATER AREA AND MARINE CONSTRUCTION TO EXERCISE THE PROCEDURE |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CA (1) | CA1054809A (en) |
DK (1) | DK147500C (en) |
FI (1) | FI61538C (en) |
GB (1) | GB1486527A (en) |
IS (1) | IS959B6 (en) |
NO (1) | NO143321C (en) |
SE (1) | SE421332B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
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ITFI20130297A1 (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2015-06-10 | Nuovo Pignone Srl | "GAS TURBINE OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS" |
CN111926762B (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2022-02-18 | 河北冀水规划设计有限公司 | Device and method for preventing damage of freezing to wading building |
CN115030089A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-09-09 | 四川大学 | Ice layer hole rapid prototyping and anti-icing sealing device |
-
1975
- 1975-07-02 GB GB27935/75A patent/GB1486527A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-07-15 IS IS2281A patent/IS959B6/en unknown
- 1975-07-21 FI FI752092A patent/FI61538C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-07-25 SE SE7508479A patent/SE421332B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-07-28 NO NO75752648A patent/NO143321C/en unknown
- 1975-07-28 CA CA232,316A patent/CA1054809A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-07-28 DK DK342175A patent/DK147500C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO752648L (en) | 1976-01-30 |
FI61538B (en) | 1982-04-30 |
FI61538C (en) | 1982-08-10 |
FI752092A (en) | 1976-01-30 |
DK342175A (en) | 1976-01-30 |
NO143321B (en) | 1980-10-06 |
IS959B6 (en) | 1977-02-01 |
CA1054809A (en) | 1979-05-22 |
DK147500C (en) | 1985-03-25 |
SE7508479L (en) | 1976-01-30 |
IS2281A7 (en) | 1976-01-30 |
GB1486527A (en) | 1977-09-21 |
NO143321C (en) | 1981-01-14 |
SE421332B (en) | 1981-12-14 |
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