DK145796B - PROCEDURE FOR REMOVING SURFACES ON A WALL SURFACE - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR REMOVING SURFACES ON A WALL SURFACE Download PDFInfo
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- DK145796B DK145796B DK588872AA DK588872A DK145796B DK 145796 B DK145796 B DK 145796B DK 588872A A DK588872A A DK 588872AA DK 588872 A DK588872 A DK 588872A DK 145796 B DK145796 B DK 145796B
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- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- wall surface
- pulses
- mechanical
- pulse
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013034 coating degradation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006332 epoxy adhesive Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006223 plastic coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60S3/00—Vehicle cleaning apparatus not integral with vehicles
- B60S3/04—Vehicle cleaning apparatus not integral with vehicles for exteriors of land vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
- B08B7/02—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by distortion, beating, or vibration of the surface to be cleaned
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D15/00—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft
- B64D15/16—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft by mechanical means
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Cleaning In General (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
Description
145796 i145796 i
Opfindelsen angår en fremgangsmåde til fjernelse af belægninger på en vægflade og af den i krav l's indledning angivne art.The invention relates to a method for removing coatings on a wall surface and of the kind specified in the preamble of claim 1.
Pra tysk patentskrift nr. 1 756 024 kendes en 5 fremgangsmåde af denne art, som er anvendelig til afisning af et skibs- eller flyskrog. Fremgangsmåden er derimod ikke egnet til fjernelse af seje, elastiske og/eller stærkt vedhæftende belægninger, der ikke umiddelbart kan sprænges i passende små stykker 10 eller partikler ved vægfladens deformation under påvirkning af de mekaniske trykimpulser.German Patent Specification No. 1 756 024 discloses a method of this kind which is useful for de-icing a ship or aircraft hull. The method, on the other hand, is not suitable for removing tough, elastic and / or highly adhesive coatings which cannot be readily broken into suitable small pieces 10 or particles by deformation of the wall surface under the influence of the mechanical pressure pulses.
Fjernelse af sådanne belægninger er imidlertid muliggjort ved fremgangsmåden ifølge nærværende opfindelse, som er ejendommelig ved de i krav l's 15 karakteristik angivne træk.However, removal of such coatings is made possible by the method of the present invention, which is characterized by the features of claim 15.
Den for opfindelsen karakteristiske forbehandling af belægningen, inden de mekaniske impulser påtrykkes vægfladen, medfører en omdannelse eller modifikation af belægningen, hvorved den får væsentlig 20 mere skør karakter end oprindelig, således at den derefter lader sig sønderdele og løsne fra vægfladen ved påtrykning af selv meget kortvarige mekaniske impulser og med relativt lille effektforbrug.The pre-treatment of the coating characteristic of the invention before the mechanical impulses are applied to the wall surface results in a transformation or modification of the coating, which gives it a substantially 20 more fragile character than originally, so that it then disintegrates and detaches from the wall surface by applying even a great deal of short-term mechanical impulses and with relatively little power consumption.
Ifølge opfindelsen kan den ydre påvirkning på 25 belægningen udøves ved termisk behandling, f.eks. glødning eller afkøling. Glødning er især anvendelig, når der er mindst to komponenter i belægningen, af hvilke den ene er smeltelig og den anden fast og skør. Flere stoffer kan hensigtsmæssigt afkøles 30 for at nedsætte plasticiteten, dvs. belægningens relaksationshastighed.According to the invention, the external influence on the coating can be exerted by thermal treatment, e.g. annealing or cooling. Annealing is particularly useful when there are at least two components in the coating, one of which is fusible and the other solid and brittle. Multiple substances may conveniently be cooled to reduce plasticity, i.e. the relaxation rate of the coating.
Hvis belægningen har en løs eller plastisk struktur, kan den ydre påvirkning med fordel udøves ved en mekanisk koldbearbejdning, som fremkalder en 35 komprimering af belægningen.If the coating has a loose or plastic structure, the external influence can advantageously be exerted by a mechanical cold working which causes a compression of the coating.
2 1457962 145796
Et ydre tryk, som fremkalder rekrystallisa-tion af belægningen, er en anden måde at foretage den ydre påvirkning på. Denne udførelsesform har flere fordele ved anvendelse til lukkede beholdere, i hvil-5 ke der findes plastiske belægninger, som går over i en skør fase under eller efter påvirkning af højt tryk.An external pressure which induces recrystallization of the coating is another way of exerting. This embodiment has several advantages for use in closed containers in which there are plastic coatings which go into a brittle phase during or after high pressure operation.
Hvis belægningen har en ubetydelig tykkelse, er det hensigtsmæssigt at påføre et ekstra lag af 10 et stof, som hæfter til belægningen, for derved at gøre den tykkere. Denne udførelsesform er især fordelagtig, når man har at gøre med et tyndt belægningslag, som er elastisk, og hvis skørhedsbrud kræver en meget kraftig impuls. Anvendelsen af et ekstra 15 lag af et sprødt stof, som har stor vedhængning til belægningens materiale, vil reducere den nødvendige energi i hver impuls.If the coating has a negligible thickness, it is advisable to apply an additional layer of a substance adhering to the coating to thicken it. This embodiment is particularly advantageous when dealing with a thin coating layer which is elastic and whose brittle fracture requires a very strong pulse. The use of an extra 15 layers of a brittle substance which has great adhesion to the coating material will reduce the energy required in each pulse.
Det er også hensigtsmæssigt at udøve den ydre påvirkning ved hjælp af et stof, som reagerer ke-20 misk med belægningen eller danner en fast opløsning med denne. Anvendelsen af sådanne stoffer gør det muligt at bibringe forskellige belægninger, også ikke-faste, de egenskaber, som har betydning for fjernelse af belægningen ved hjælp af separate meka-25 niske impulser.It is also appropriate to exert the external influence by means of a substance which chemically reacts with the coating or forms a solid solution therewith. The use of such substances makes it possible to impart various coatings, including non-solids, to the properties which are important for removing the coating by means of separate mechanical impulses.
Det er konstateret ved forsøg, at den ydre påvirkning kan udøves ved påføring af en væske, som størkner efter at være påført belægningen. Denne udførelsesform har visse fordele til belægninger, som 30 består af adskilte områder, der efter påvirkning af en hærdende væske danner et sammenhængende lag, hvorved fjernelsen ved hjælp af impulser lettes.It has been found by experiment that the external influence can be exerted by the application of a liquid which solidifies after application of the coating. This embodiment has certain advantages for coatings, which consist of separate areas which, after the action of a curing liquid, form a coherent layer, thereby facilitating removal by means of impulses.
Hvis fladen, som skal renses, er metallisk, er det hensigtsmæssigt at anbringe et metalgitter på 35 fladen, således at belægningen dannes på gitteret og 145796 3 fjernes sammen med dette, når gitteret er blevet behandlet med impulser. Denne udførelsesform er fordelagtig, når man anvender impulsbehandling ved hjælp af et elektromagnetisk felt, idet der da induceres 5 en sekundærstrøm i metalgitteret.If the surface to be cleaned is metallic, it is convenient to place a metal grating on the surface so that the coating is formed on the grating and removed along with it after the grating has been treated with impulses. This embodiment is advantageous when using pulse processing by means of an electromagnetic field, since a secondary current is induced in the metal grating.
Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen muliggør en effektiv rensning af konstruktionselementer for praktisk talt en hvilken som helst belægning, som før fjernelsen kan bringes i en fast og sprød til-10 stand som angivet i krav l's kendetegnende del.The method according to the invention enables an effective cleaning of structural elements for virtually any coating which can be brought before the removal in a solid and brittle condition as set forth in the characterizing part of claim 1.
Desuden muliggør fremgangsmåden en hurtig rensning af en flade, uden at den ødelægges, med et minimalt energiforbrug tilført fra en ydre kilde.In addition, the method allows for a quick cleaning of a surface, without destroying it, with minimal energy consumption from an external source.
Opfindelsen forklares nærmere i det følgende 15 ved hjælp af et udførelseseksempel på fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen og under henvisning til tegningen, hvor fig. 1 viser en væg i en godsvogn og et apparat placeret tæt op ad væggen til frembringelse af 20 elektromagnetiske feltimpulser, og fig. 2 et snit efter linien II-II i fig. 1.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment of the method according to the invention and with reference to the drawing, in which fig. 1 shows a wall of a freight wagon and an apparatus located close to the wall to produce 20 electromagnetic field pulses; and FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG. First
Det er kendt, at karakteren af en belægnings nedbrydning er bestemt af belægningens opførsel, når den belastes op over elasticitetsgrænsen. Belæg-25 ningens opførsel under disse tilstande kan udtrykkes ved hjælp af Maxwells relaksationsligning: -t øt - λ = (aQ - λ) e τ , hvor σ er spændingen i belægningen til tiden t λ belægningens elasticitetsgrænse 30 begyndelsesspændingen e den naturlige logaritmes grundtal τ relaksations-tiden.It is known that the nature of a coating degradation is determined by the behavior of the coating when loaded above the elastic limit. The behavior of the coating under these conditions can be expressed by Maxwell's relaxation equation: -t ot - λ = (aQ - λ) e τ, where σ is the stress in the coating at time t λ the elastic limit of the coating 30 The initial stress e of the natural logarithm τ relaxation time.
En anden ligning kan udledes af den første til bestemmelse af spændingsændringen i belægningen: 4 145796 dat Λ άε ,,1 .Another equation can be deduced from the first to determine the voltage change in the coating: 4 145796 dat Λ άε ,, 1.
dT = Α dt - (at - λ) 7' hvor Α er elasticitetsmodulen, som for træk og tryk er lig med Young's modul E.dT = Α dt - (at - λ) 7 'where Α is the modulus of elasticity, which for drag and pressure is equal to Young's modulus E.
Λρ ^ er vægfladens deformationshastighed.Λρ ^ is the deformation velocity of the wall surface.
5 Værdien (σ - λ) ψ/Α, som er bestemt ved relak sationstiden og udtrykt ved hjælp af deformationshastigheden, kaldes relaksationshastigheden og giver en karakteristik af materialets plasticitet. For at gøre den impulsinducerede fjernelse af belægningen mere 10 effektiv, må der først ske et skørt brud, og derfor skal det første led på højre side i formlen være væsentlig større end det andet led. Det er derfor nød-vendigt, at man får en så stor værdi for ^ som muligt, dvs. maksimal deformationshastighed.The value (σ - λ) ψ / Α, determined at the relaxation time and expressed by the deformation rate, is called the relaxation rate and gives a characteristic of the plasticity of the material. In order to make the impulse-induced removal of the coating more effective, a brittle fracture must first be made, and therefore the first link on the right-hand side of the formula must be substantially larger than the second link. It is therefore necessary to obtain as great a value for ^ as possible, i.e. maximum deformation rate.
15 Forsøg med flere stoffer har bekræftet den an tagelse, at selv plastiske stoffer kan udvise skørt brud ved en høj deformationshastighed.15 Trials with several substances have confirmed the assumption that even plastic materials can exhibit brittle fracture at a high deformation rate.
Mulighederne for at forøge ^ begrænses imidlertid af materialeegenskaberne af den flade, hvorfra 20 stoffet skal fjernes, idet deformationshastigheden ikke må overstige fladematerialets kritiske stødhastighed, dvs. en hastighed, ved hvilken en slagødelæggel -se af fladen begynder.However, the possibility of increasing ^ is limited by the material properties of the surface from which the fabric is to be removed, since the deformation rate must not exceed the critical impact velocity of the surface material, ie. a rate at which an impact destruction of the surface begins.
En anden egenskab ved belægningen har forbin-25 delse med dens adhæsion til fladematerialet, som ikke må overstige styrken af fladens materiale, som jo ikke må ødelægges, når det udsættes for impulserne.Another feature of the coating relates to its adhesion to the surface material, which must not exceed the strength of the surface material which must not be destroyed when exposed to the impulses.
Når belægninger 1 som i fig. 1 og 2 på væg-30 gen 2 i en godsvogn har opnået ovennævnte egenskaber, udsættes vægfladen 2 for elastisk deformation i rensezonen. Denne deformation opnås ved, at der frembringes separate mekaniske impulser i fladen af en varighed på højst 0,01 s ved hjælp af elek- 145796 5 tromagnetiske feltimpulser, som inducerer en sekundærstrøm i væggen 2's metaldele, dvs. i den flade, som skal renses.When coatings 1 as in FIG. 1 and 2 of the wall gene 2 in a freight wagon have achieved the above-mentioned properties, the wall surface 2 is subjected to elastic deformation in the cleaning zone. This deformation is achieved by generating separate mechanical pulses in the surface for a duration of not more than 0.01 s by electromagnetic field pulses which induce a secondary current in the metal parts of the wall 2, i.e. in the surface to be cleaned.
Til frembringelsen af de elektromagnetiske 5 feltimpulser anvendes en solenoide 3, som udgøres af trådvindinger uden metalkerne. Denne solenoide er anbragt så nær ved fladen 2, som arbejdsforholdene tillader, på den side, hvor belægningerne 1 findes, og er via en ikke vist elektrisk impulsge-10 nerator sluttet til en ydre spændingskilde, f.eks. det elektriske net. Solenoiden 3 er fastgjort på bjælker 4 i vognen ved hjælp af holdere 5 og 6.For the production of the electromagnetic 5 field pulses, a solenoid 3 is used which is made of wire winding without the metal core. This solenoid is disposed as close to the surface 2 as the operating conditions allow, on the side where the coatings 1 are located, and is connected to an external voltage source, e.g. the electrical grid. The solenoid 3 is secured to beams 4 in the carriage by means of holders 5 and 6.
Man kan også anbringe solenoiden tæt ved den side af fladen, som ikke er dækket af belægninger.You can also place the solenoid close to the side of the surface which is not covered by coatings.
15 I det viste eksempel virker luften som impuls bærende medium.In the example shown, the air acts as impulse-carrying medium.
Når elektriske impulser adskilt af tidsintervaller går gennem solenoiden, frembringer solenoiden elektromagnetiske feltimpulser, som inducerer sekun-20 dære elektriske strømme i fladens metaldele.Vekselvirkningen mellem de pulserende elektriske strømme, primære i solenoiden 3 og sekundære i fladen 2, vil give momentvise bevægelser af overfladen ud for solenoiden 3. Disse bevægelser er karakteristiske 25 ved store accelerationer og hastigheder. Denne mekaniske deformationsimpuls i overfladen 2 vil udbrede sig som en bølge fra sit udgangspunkt ud over hele rensezonen.As electrical pulses separated by time intervals pass through the solenoid, the solenoid produces electromagnetic field pulses which induce secondary electric currents in the metal parts of the surface. The interaction between the pulsating electric currents, primary in the solenoid 3 and secondary in the surface 2, will cause momentary movements of the surface. off the solenoid 3. These movements are characteristic 25 at high accelerations and speeds. This mechanical deformation impulse in the surface 2 will propagate as a wave from its starting point across the entire cleaning zone.
Forsøg har vist, at man opnår maksimal virk-30 ning med en impulslængde, som ikke overstiger 1/4 af egensvingningstiden for væggen og konstruktions-elementet. På grund af stivheden har de eksisterende konstruktionselementer en egenfrekvens på mindst 30 Hz, og derfor skal impulslængden være højst 0,01 s.Tests have shown that maximum effect is obtained with an impulse length not exceeding 1/4 of the intrinsic oscillation time of the wall and the structural element. Due to the stiffness, the existing structural elements have an intrinsic frequency of at least 30 Hz, and therefore the pulse length must be no more than 0.01 s.
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Hvert interval mellem efter hinanden følgende impulser er mindst ti gange længere end varigheden af den mekaniske impuls. I løbet af intervallet finder en akkumulering af energi sted, hvorved impuls-5 effekten bliver mange gange større end effekten fra spændingskilden. Organet til akkumulering af energi kan udgøres af en kondensator, som indgår i den elektriske impulsgeneratorenhed.Each interval between consecutive pulses is at least ten times longer than the duration of the mechanical pulse. During the interval, an accumulation of energy takes place, whereby the pulse-5 power becomes many times greater than the power from the voltage source. The means for accumulating energy can be constituted by a capacitor which is included in the electrical pulse generator unit.
Den acceleration af overfladens punkter, som 10 opnås under en mekanisk impuls, må være tilstrækkelig stor til, at inertikraften, som er lig massen gange accelerationen, på det faste belægningsmateriales partikler kan overvinde disse partiklers adhæsion ved overfladen. Den forskydningsspænding mel-15 lem overfladen og belægningen, som optræder på grund af væggens udbøjning under bølgeudbredelsen langs fladen, reducerer adhæsionen og dermed den nødvendige størrelse af accelerationen.The acceleration of the surface points obtained under a mechanical impulse must be sufficiently large that the inertial force equal to the mass times the acceleration on the particles of the solid coating material can overcome the adhesion of these particles to the surface. The shear stress between the surface and the coating, which occurs due to the deflection of the wall during wave propagation along the surface, reduces the adhesion and hence the required magnitude of the acceleration.
Den mekaniske impuls' amplitude skal være 20 tilstrækkelig stor til at give den nødvendige acceleration, men må ikke overstige en værdi, ved hvilken der i væggen eller konstruktionselementet frembringes spændinger, som når op på udmattelsesgrænsen eller svingningsstyrken af materialet. Endvidere skal 25 opbygningshastigheden af den mekaniske impuls sikre en deformationshastighed for den faste belægning, som er større end belægningens relaksationshastighed, men mindre end værdien for den kritiske stødhastighed for materialet i den overflade, der renses. Med im-30 pulskarakteristika begrænset af ovennævnte betingelser vil den faste belægning 1 på overfladen 2 blive fjernet, medens selve konstruktionselementets overflade forbliver intakt.The amplitude of the mechanical pulse must be sufficiently large to provide the necessary acceleration, but must not exceed a value at which voltages are generated in the wall or structural element which reach the fatigue limit or vibration strength of the material. Furthermore, the build-up speed of the mechanical impulse must ensure a deformation rate of the solid coating, which is greater than the relaxation rate of the coating, but less than the value of the critical impact velocity of the material in the surface being cleaned. With impulse characteristics limited by the above conditions, the solid coating 1 on the surface 2 will be removed while the surface of the structural element itself remains intact.
145796 7 I det følgende gives nogle eksempler på ydre påvirkning af belægninger dannet på overflader i et anlæg under produktionsprocesser, eller på maskiner i en operationsgang.145796 7 In the following, some examples of external influences on coatings formed on surfaces of a plant during production processes or on machines in an operation are given.
5 a) Natriumchlorid udfældet fra en opløsning under en produktionsproces kan fjernes fra væggene i en beholder ved en forudgående termisk behandling, specielt glødning til fordampning af indeholdt fugt eller køling til reduktion af plasticiteten.A) Sodium chloride precipitated from a solution during a production process can be removed from the walls of a container by a prior thermal treatment, especially annealing to evaporate moisture contained or cooling to reduce plasticity.
10 b) Et tykt, løst lag af jord med stort ler indhold, der sætter sig fast på den plane flade af en maskine under arbejdet, kan fjernes ved, at det udsættes for en mekanisk påvirkning, der forøger dets densitet, f.eks. ved at det stampes med en 15 tromle.10 b) A thick, loose layer of soil with high clay content that adheres to the flat surface of a machine during work can be removed by being subjected to a mechanical impact that increases its density, e.g. by stamping it with a 15 drum.
c) For at accelerere udfældningen af svovl fra en opløsning under en produktionsproces og for at lette dets fjernelse fra væggene i en beholder er det hensigtsmæssigt at holde et overtryk i behol-20 deren.c) In order to accelerate the precipitation of sulfur from a solution during a production process and to facilitate its removal from the walls of a container, it is convenient to maintain an overpressure in the container.
d) Fjernelse af et tyndt lag metalstøv eller kulstofbelægning fra væggene i en beholder ved hjælp af impulspåvirkning lettes, hvis belægningen på forhånd dækkes med et lag epoxyharpiks.d) Removal of a thin layer of metal dust or carbon coating from the walls of a container by impulse action is facilitated if the coating is covered in advance with a layer of epoxy resin.
25 e) For ved impulspåvirkning at sikre fjernel se af sukker, som er udfældet fra en opløsning under en produktionsproces, er det hensigtsmæssigt at behandle belægningen med alkohol.E) In order to ensure removal of sugar precipitated from a solution during a production process by impulse, it is appropriate to treat the coating with alcohol.
f) For at sikre fjernelsen af et epoxyklæbe-30 middel er det hensigtsmæssigt under dets størkning at behandle det med et hærdemiddel, såsom polyethy-len-polyamin, for at gøre det sprødt.f) In order to ensure the removal of an epoxy adhesive, it is convenient during its solidification to treat it with a curing agent such as polyethylene-polyamine to make it brittle.
g) Til fjernelse af kulstøv eller savsmuld, som hænger ved væggene ved temperaturer under fryse-(g) for the removal of coal dust or sawdust which hangs on the walls at temperatures below freezing;
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SU721764801A SU398076A1 (en) | 1972-04-10 | 1972-04-10 | Method for cleaning surfaces from various deposits |
| SU1764801 | 1972-04-10 | ||
| SU721813101A SU441747A2 (en) | 1972-08-07 | 1972-08-07 | Method for cleaning surface from various deposits |
| SU1813101 | 1972-08-07 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK145796B true DK145796B (en) | 1983-03-07 |
| DK145796C DK145796C (en) | 1983-08-29 |
Family
ID=26665463
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK588872A DK145796C (en) | 1972-04-10 | 1972-11-24 | PROCEDURE FOR REMOVING SURFACES ON A WALL SURFACE |
Country Status (20)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AR (1) | AR200993A1 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT335374B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE792134A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA996313A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH558217A (en) |
| CS (1) | CS172412B1 (en) |
| CU (1) | CU33856A (en) |
| DD (1) | DD104213A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2258958C3 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK145796C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES409755A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI73371C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2180289A5 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1407859A (en) |
| HU (1) | HU172392B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT984625B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL159023B (en) |
| PL (1) | PL79160B1 (en) |
| RO (1) | RO62465A (en) |
| YU (1) | YU297672A (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH611632A5 (en) * | 1975-02-13 | 1979-06-15 | Solvay | |
| BR8407031A (en) * | 1983-08-24 | 1985-07-30 | Short Brothers Plc | PROCESS AND APPARATUS TO DEFROST AN ELASTICALLY DEFORMABLE SHEET |
| GB8429312D0 (en) * | 1984-11-20 | 1984-12-27 | Gen Dispensing Syst | Fluid flow control valve |
| US4985735A (en) * | 1988-04-22 | 1991-01-15 | Odnoral Alexandr P | Electric drive with manual doubler |
| WO1990003854A1 (en) * | 1988-10-05 | 1990-04-19 | Fiziko-Tekhnichesky Institut Akademii Nauk Belorusskoi Ssr | Method for removal of materials stuck or frozen on the walls of receptacles |
| DE4308552A1 (en) * | 1993-03-17 | 1994-09-22 | Branson Ultraschall | Device for cleaning and/or surface treatment of workpieces |
| FR2725642B1 (en) * | 1994-10-17 | 1997-01-17 | Grandperret Gilles Maurice | METHOD OF CLEANING BY MAINTAINED MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF A MATERIAL COVERED WITH A LAYER OF PARASITIC MATERIALS |
| RU2466923C2 (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2012-11-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Энерлинк" | Car dumper |
| AU2011379145B2 (en) | 2011-10-10 | 2016-10-20 | Selfrag Ag | Method for fragmenting and/or pre-weakening material using high-voltage discharges |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE110815C (en) * | ||||
| DE197440C (en) * | ||||
| DE496142C (en) * | 1928-01-27 | 1930-04-17 | Nordiska Armaturfab Ab | Electric motor-operated striking tool |
| DE606028C (en) * | 1932-11-27 | 1934-11-23 | Joachim Schade | Device for removing crusts in heat exchange apparatus and pipelines by means of elastic changes in shape |
| DE687512C (en) * | 1933-11-11 | 1940-01-31 | Waermetechnik Fritz Umlauf | Water preheater or evaporator with elastic Heizkoerperwandungen |
| DE937683C (en) * | 1951-01-27 | 1956-01-12 | Voith Gmbh J M | Method and device for cleaning machines or machine parts |
| BE528223A (en) * | 1953-04-21 | |||
| DE1095563B (en) * | 1960-02-09 | 1960-12-22 | Licentia Gmbh | Electromagnetic limit power vibrator |
| DE1151458B (en) * | 1961-03-07 | 1963-07-11 | Alweg Ges Mit Beschraenkter Ha | Method for shaking long concrete formwork |
| US3549964A (en) * | 1968-03-01 | 1970-12-22 | Levin Igor A | Device for deicing surfaces of thin-walled structures |
| AT294984B (en) * | 1968-06-21 | 1971-12-10 | Siemens Elektrogeraete Gmbh | oven |
-
0
- BE BE792134D patent/BE792134A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1972
- 1972-11-23 FI FI723314A patent/FI73371C/en active
- 1972-11-24 DK DK588872A patent/DK145796C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-11-27 CA CA157,583A patent/CA996313A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-11-28 YU YU02976/72A patent/YU297672A/en unknown
- 1972-11-29 GB GB5510172A patent/GB1407859A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-11-29 CH CH1741272A patent/CH558217A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-11-30 NL NL7216220.A patent/NL159023B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-12-01 DE DE2258958A patent/DE2258958C3/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-01 DD DD167250A patent/DD104213A1/xx unknown
- 1972-12-04 PL PL1972159272A patent/PL79160B1/en unknown
- 1972-12-14 AT AT1066472A patent/AT335374B/en active
- 1972-12-14 AR AR245637A patent/AR200993A1/en active
- 1972-12-18 ES ES409755A patent/ES409755A1/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-18 RO RO7200073194A patent/RO62465A/en unknown
- 1972-12-29 IT IT33989/72A patent/IT984625B/en active
-
1973
- 1973-02-02 HU HU73LE00000677A patent/HU172392B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-02-07 CU CU33856A patent/CU33856A/en unknown
- 1973-02-08 FR FR7304527A patent/FR2180289A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-03-27 CS CS2227A patent/CS172412B1/cs unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| YU297672A (en) | 1982-02-28 |
| ES409755A1 (en) | 1976-05-01 |
| CH558217A (en) | 1975-01-31 |
| FR2180289A5 (en) | 1973-11-23 |
| AR200993A1 (en) | 1975-02-06 |
| DD104213A1 (en) | 1974-03-05 |
| FI73371B (en) | 1987-06-30 |
| PL79160B1 (en) | 1975-06-30 |
| CU33856A (en) | 1975-03-29 |
| GB1407859A (en) | 1975-09-24 |
| DE2258958A1 (en) | 1973-10-25 |
| IT984625B (en) | 1974-11-20 |
| DK145796C (en) | 1983-08-29 |
| DE2258958C3 (en) | 1981-05-27 |
| NL159023B (en) | 1979-01-15 |
| HU172392B (en) | 1978-08-28 |
| CA996313A (en) | 1976-09-07 |
| ATA1066472A (en) | 1976-06-15 |
| BE792134A (en) | 1973-05-30 |
| RO62465A (en) | 1977-11-15 |
| DE2258958B2 (en) | 1980-09-04 |
| NL7216220A (en) | 1973-10-12 |
| CS172412B1 (en) | 1977-01-28 |
| AT335374B (en) | 1977-03-10 |
| FI73371C (en) | 1987-10-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PBP | Patent lapsed |