DK144700B - PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF 6-AMINOPENICILLANIC ACID OR ORGANOTINESTERS THEREOF - Google Patents

PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF 6-AMINOPENICILLANIC ACID OR ORGANOTINESTERS THEREOF Download PDF

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DK144700B
DK144700B DK94073AA DK94073A DK144700B DK 144700 B DK144700 B DK 144700B DK 94073A A DK94073A A DK 94073AA DK 94073 A DK94073 A DK 94073A DK 144700 B DK144700 B DK 144700B
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reaction
aminopenicillanic acid
acid
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A P D Luz
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A P D Luz
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D499/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. penicillins, penems; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring

Description

(19) DANMARK (%/ l-iiS?](19) DENMARK (% / l-iiS?]

^ (12) FREMLÆGGELSESSKRIFT <n) m?OOB^ (12) PUBLICATION <n) m? OOB

DIREKTORATET FOR PATENT- OG VAREMÆRKEVÆSENETDIRECTORATE OF THE PATENT AND TRADEMARKET SYSTEM

(21) Ansøgning nr. 9W73 (51) |ntC!3 C 07 D 499/A2 (22) Indleveringsdag 21. feb. 1973 C 07 F 7/22 (24) Løbedag 21. feb. 1973 (41) Aim. tilgængelig 17. nov. 1973 (44) Fremlagt 1 7 · maj 1 982 (86) International ansøgning nr. - (86) International indleveringsdag - (85) Videreførelsesdag - (62) Stamansøgning nr. -(21) Application No. 9W73 (51) | ntC! 3 C 07 D 499 / A2 (22) Filing date 21 Feb. 1973 C 07 F 7/22 (24) Running day Feb 21 1973 (41) Aim. available Nov. 17; 1973 (44) Submitted 1 7 · May 1 982 (86) International Application No. - (86) International Filing Day - (85) Continuation Day - (62) Stock Application No. -

(30) Prioritet 16. maj 1972, 57818, PT(30) Priority May 16, 1972, 57818, PT

(71) Ansøger ARTUR PEREIRA DA LUZ, Lissabon, PT.(71) Applicant ARTUR PEREIRA DA LUZ, Lisbon, PT.

(72) Opfinder Samme.(72) Inventor Same.

(74) Fuldmægtig Ingeniørfirmaet Budde, Schou & Co.(74) Associate Engineering Company Budde, Schou & Co.

(54) Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af 6-aminopenicillansyre eller organotinestere deraf.(54) Process for the preparation of 6-aminopenicillanic acid or organotin esters thereof.

Den foreliggende opfindelse angår en særlig fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af 6-aminopenicillansyre eller hidtil ukendte organotinestere deraf, der er mellemprodukter ved fremstillingen af semisyntetiske penicilliner. Organotinestrene har den almene formelThe present invention relates to a particular process for the preparation of 6-aminopenicillanic acid or novel organotin esters thereof, which are intermediates in the preparation of semi-synthetic penicillins. The organotin esters have the general formula

DD

D s ^ CHt 3 2D s ^ CHt 3 2

^ H N — CH-CH C------ R^ H N - CH-CH C ------ R

i 2 I I I ~ CH3 / 3 l \g4 (V) t 2 144700 hvor R^, R^ og R^ er ens eller forskellige organiske alipha-tiske eller aromatiske grupper.In R 2, R 2 and R 2 are the same or different organic aliphatic or aromatic groups.

Fremstillingen af 6-aminopenicillansyre (6-APA) (I)Preparation of 6-Aminopenicillanic Acid (6-APA) (I)

/S/ S

H„K - CH-CHH + K - CH-CH

2 I I I CH3 (i)2 I I I CH3 (i)

0=C-N-CH-C_OH0 = C-N-CH-C_OH

I! 0 blev først beskrevet af K. Sakaguchi og S. Murao, der kaldte forbindelsen penicin, jf. J. Agric. Chem. Soc. Japan, 23, All (1950). Ifølge denne artikel fremstilledes forbindelsen ved enzymatisk spaltning af amidbindingen i sidekæden i benzylpenicillin. Fremgangsmåden er imidlertid ikke beskrevet så detaljeret, at den kan reproduceres, og først senere er 6-aminopenicillansyre blevet isoleret og rigtigt identificeret under anvendelse af en anden fremgangsmåde, ved hvilken dyrkningsvæsker fra dyrkning af Penicillium chrysogenum behandles under tilsvarende betingelser som anvendes ved fremstillingen af penicilliner, men uden tilsætning af precursoren til dannelse af sidekæden, jf.IN! 0 was first described by K. Sakaguchi and S. Murao, who called the compound penicin, cf. J. Agric. Chem. Soc. Japan, 23, All (1950). According to this article, the compound was prepared by enzymatic cleavage of the amide bond in the side chain of benzylpenicillin. However, the process is not described in such detail as to be reproducible, and only later has 6-aminopenicillanic acid been isolated and correctly identified using another method in which culture liquids from cultivation of Penicillium chrysogenum are treated under similar conditions used in the preparation of penicillins. but without the addition of the precursor to form the side chain, cf.

F. R. Bachelor et al., Nature, 183, 257* (1959)·F. R. Bachelor et al., Nature, 183, 257 * (1959) ·

Til trods for at isoleringen af 6-aminopenicillansyre har stor teoretisk interesse, da 6-APA repræsenterer den fælles kerne i alle penicillinmolekyler, var den umiddelbare praktiske interesse begrænset, da udbytterne var lave og rensning var vanskelig.Although the isolation of 6-aminopenicillanic acid is of great theoretical interest, since 6-APA represents the common core of all penicillin molecules, the immediate practical interest was limited as yields were low and purification was difficult.

Da 6-aminopenicillansyren er næsten uden biologisk virkning, ligger dens anvendelighed kun i den mulige anvendelse som udgangsmateriale ved fremstillingen af penicilliner med den almene formel (VII)Since the 6-aminopenicillanoic acid is almost without biological effect, its utility lies only in the possible use as a starting material in the preparation of penicillins of the general formula (VII)

R5 - C - HH - OH—CHR5 - C - HH - OH - CH

0=C-K-CH-c· - OH0 = C-K-CH-c · - OH

MM

0 5 hvor sidekæden forbundet gennem peptidbindingen indeholder gruppen R , som ikke kan indføres ved direkte fermentering. Det er faktisk på denne måde, at de semisyntetiske penicilliner fremstilles, nemlig ved acyle-ring af 6-aminopenicillansyre i 6-aminogruppen på forskellig måde.0 5 wherein the side chain linked through the peptide bond contains the group R which cannot be introduced by direct fermentation. Indeed, it is in this way that the semi-synthetic penicillins are produced, namely by acylation of 6-aminopenicillanic acid in the 6-amino group in different ways.

3 1ΛΛ7003 1ΛΛ700

Til fremstillingen af 6-aminopenieillansyre til anvendelse ved disse synteser er der udviklet adskillige fremgangsmåder til enzymatisk hydrolyse af amidbindingen, hvor der gås ud fra naturlige penicilliner, nemlig penicillin G og V.For the preparation of 6-aminopenieillanic acid for use in these syntheses, several methods have been developed for enzymatic hydrolysis of the amide bond, starting from natural penicillins, namely penicillin G and V.

Denne enzymatiske spaltning har været genstand for omfattende undersøgelser. De udviklede fremgangsmåder er imidlertid langvarige og skal gennemføres under omhyggeligt regulerede sterilitetsbetingelser og involverer behandling af store væskerumfang, hvorfra det er vanskeligt at isolere 6-aminopenicillansyre. Desuden skal den ved disse fremgangsmåder fremstillede syre renses, og der er mange adsorptions- og omkrystallisationsprocesser til dette formål. Disse operationer formindsker udbyttet,og selv det således rensede produkt indeholder urenheder, som er vanskelige at fjerne, og som kan fremkalde allergiske reaktioner hos patienterne, som behandles med de derudfra fremstillede semisyntetiske penicilliner.This enzymatic cleavage has been the subject of extensive research. However, the processes developed are long-lasting and must be carried out under carefully controlled sterility conditions and involve the treatment of large volumes of fluid from which it is difficult to isolate 6-aminopenicillanic acid. In addition, the acid produced by these processes must be purified and there are many adsorption and recrystallization processes for this purpose. These operations reduce the yield, and even the product thus purified contains impurities which are difficult to remove and which may cause allergic reactions in the patients treated with the semi-synthetic penicillins produced therefrom.

Disse ulemper kan undgås ved anvendelse af metoder, der involverer kemisk spaltning af amidbindingen. Det skal imidlertid understreges, at den kemiske spaltning af penicilliner skal gennemføres under meget milde betingelser af hensyn til β-laetamringens labilitet. Det er derfor nødvendigt at modificere penicillinmolekylet ved esterifi-cering af carboxylgruppen og at overføre amidbindingen til en lettere hydrolyserbar iminbinding. Derefter må estergruppen spaltes ved milde betingelser. Valget af estergruppen er meget vigtig, da den ikke blot skal yde effektiv beskyttelse af carboxylgruppen, men tillige skal være let at fjerne.These drawbacks can be avoided using methods involving chemical cleavage of the amide bond. However, it should be emphasized that the chemical cleavage of penicillins must be carried out under very mild conditions for the lability of the β-lamination. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the penicillin molecule by esterification of the carboxyl group and to transfer the amide bond to a more easily hydrolyzable imine bond. Then, the ester group must be cleaved under mild conditions. The choice of the ester group is very important as it must not only provide effective protection of the carboxyl group but also be easy to remove.

Fra dansk fremlæggelsesskrift nr. 129.938 er det kendt at fremstille en silylester af en 6-acylaminopenicillansyre, hvorpå den dannede silylester behandles med et syrehalogenid, det dannede iminohalogenid omsættes med en alkohol til dannelse af en iminoether-forbindelse, hvorefter iminobindingen og silylestergruppen spaltes ved alkoholyse eller mild hydrolyse til dannelse af fri 6-APA.From Danish Patent Specification No. 129,938 it is known to prepare a silylester of a 6-acylaminopenicillanic acid, whereupon the resulting silylester is treated with an acid halide, the resulting imino halide is reacted with an alcohol to form an imino ether compound, and then the imino bond and the silylesterase group or mild hydrolysis to form free 6-APA.

Ved andre kendte fremgangsmåder er carboxylgruppen beskyttet ved dannelse af en 2,2,2-trihalogenethyl-, thioaralkyl- eller thio-arylester eller ved dannelse, af et oxyiminderivat, jf. beskrivelsen til britisk patent nr. 1.255.033, ved dannelse af et 2-saccharylderivat, jf. beskrivelsen til USA patent nr. 3.669.978, eller ved dannelsen 144700 4 af en ester af halogen-, alkyl-, alkoxy-, alkylthio-, aryl-, aralkyl-, aryloxy-, aralkoxy-, phenyl- eller phenoxyderivater af bor-, aluminium-, phosphor-, silicium-, svovl- eller germaniumforbindelser, jf. beskrivelsen til fransk patent nr. 2.074.286.In other known methods, the carboxyl group is protected by formation of a 2,2,2-trihaloethyl, thioaralkyl or thioaryl ester or by formation, of an oxyimine derivative, as described in British Patent No. 1,255,033, to form a 2-saccharyl derivative, as described in U.S. Patent No. 3,669,978, or in the formation of an ester of halo, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxy, aralkoxy, phenyl - or phenoxy derivatives of boron, aluminum, phosphorus, silicon, sulfur or germanium compounds, as described in French patent 2,074,286.

De ved de kendte fremgangsmåder anvendte silyIderivater er meget ustabile, hvilket er en stor ulempe ved den industrielle anvendelse af disse fremgangsmåder til fremstilling af 6-aminopenicillansyre.The chili derivatives used in the known processes are very unstable, which is a major disadvantage of the industrial use of these processes for the preparation of 6-aminopenicillanic acid.

For at undgå sønderdeling af mellemproduktsilylestrene ved de kendte fremgangsmåder er det nødvendigt at arbejde under yderst kritiske betingelser, først og fremmest med hensyn til de anvendte opløsningsmidlers og reagensers renhed, reaktionstider og procestempera-turer, som skal være særdeles lave, hvilket alt i alt i praksis gør disse fremgangsmåder meget vanskelige at gennemføre industrielt.In order to avoid decomposition of the intermediate silyl esters by the known methods, it is necessary to work under extremely critical conditions, first and foremost with regard to the purity of the solvents and reagents used, reaction times and process temperatures, which must be extremely low, all in all In practice, these practices make it very difficult to implement industrially.

Den fra beskrivelsen til fransk patent nr. 2.074.286 kendte fremgangsmåde har ligeledes ulemper med hensyn til mellemprodukternes ringe stabilitet og yderst kritiske reaktionsbetingelser, som er nødvendige for at undgå sønderdeling af disse mellemprodukter under gennemførelse af fremgangsmåden. Her er det den yderst lave drifts-temperatur, som gør fremgangsmåden vanskelig gennemførlig og upraktisk fra et industrielt synspunkt. Endvidere kræver denne fremgangsmåde dyre esterificeringsmidler, som er vanskelige at fremstille i stor målestok.The process known from the specification of French Patent No. 2,074,286 also has disadvantages with regard to the poor stability of the intermediates and extremely critical reaction conditions which are necessary to avoid decomposition of these intermediates in carrying out the process. Here it is the extremely low operating temperature that makes the process difficult and impractical from an industrial point of view. Furthermore, this process requires expensive esterifiers which are difficult to manufacture on a large scale.

De øvrige kendte fremgangsmåder er behæftet med denne ulempe, at det er vanskeligt at gennemføre den endelige hydrolyse, som kræver behandling med et metalreduktionsmiddel eller sådanne procesbetingelser, at der sker en delvis sønderdeling af slutprodukterne, hvilket naturligvis bevirker en formindskelse af udbyttet.The other known methods suffer from this disadvantage that it is difficult to carry out the final hydrolysis which requires treatment with a metal reducing agent or such process conditions that a partial decomposition of the final products occurs, which naturally causes a decrease in the yield.

Ved fremgangsmåden ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse overføres et som udgangsmateriale anvendt naturligt penicillin i en organo-tinester under anvendelse af et organisk tinderivat. De således fremstillede produkter er hidtil ukendte og er særdeles anvendelige som mellemprodukter ved syntesen af penicilliner. Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er endvidere karakteriseret ved, at de hidtil ukendte or-ganotinestere af de naturlige penicilliner ved omsætning med et imin-dannende reagens overføres til forbindelser, som ikke behøver at isoleres, og at sidekæden let kan hydrolyseres under frigørelse af 6-ami-nogruppen. Den i form af en ester fremkomne forbindelse kan om ønsket hydrolyseres til dannelse af den fri 6-aminopenicillansyre eller kan anvendes til fremstilling af semisyntetiske penicilliner. I overens- 5 144700 stemmelse hermed er fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen ejendommelig ved, at a) et penicillin med den almene formel (II) 1 " R—C—NH - CH-CH (II) I I I ^H3In the process of the present invention, a natural penicillin used as a starting material is transferred into an organotin ester using an organic tin derivative. The products thus produced are novel and are particularly useful as intermediates in the synthesis of penicillins. The process of the invention is further characterized in that the novel organotin esters of the natural penicillins are reacted by reaction with an imine-forming reagent to compounds which do not need to be isolated and that the side chain can be easily hydrolyzed during release of 6-amine. nogruppen. The ester compound may, if desired, be hydrolyzed to form the free 6-aminopenicillanic acid or may be used to prepare semi-synthetic penicillins. Accordingly, the method of the invention is characterized in that a) a penicillin of the general formula (II) 1 "R-C-NH - CH-CH (II) I

0=C-N-CH-C-OH0 = C-N-CH-C-OH

IIII

o hvor R1 er en aliphatisk eller aromatisk organisk gruppe svarende til et naturligt penicillin, eller et salt deraf omsættes med et organisk tinderivat med formlen (III) eller (IV) R2wherein R 1 is an aliphatic or aromatic organic group corresponding to a natural penicillin, or a salt thereof reacted with an organic tin derivative of formula (III) or (IV) R 2

R3———-Sn-0-Sn-R3 R3——^Sn-XR3 ———— Sn-0-Sn-R3 R3 —— ^ Sn-X

R4-^ '^\r4 R4^^ (III) (IV) 2 3 4 hvor R , R og R har de ovenfor angivne betydninger, og X er lavere alkoxy, hydroxy eller halogen, b) organotinestrene omsættes med phosphoroxychlorid, phosphorpenta-chlorid eller phosphorpentabromid til dannelse af de tilsvarende imino-halogenidforbindelser, c) iminohalogenidforbindelsenomdannes til den tilsvarende iminoether ved omsætning med en lavere alkanol valgt blandt methanol, ethanol, propylalkohol og butylalkohol, d) iminbindingen spaltes ved omsætning af iminoetheren med vand til dannelse af den tilsvarende organotinester af 6-aminopenicillansyre, hvorefter denne ester eventuelt hydrolyseres under frigørelse af 6-aminopenicillansyre.Wherein R, R and R have the meanings given above and X is lower alkoxy, hydroxy or halogen, b) the organotin esters are reacted with phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus pentas. chloride or phosphorus pentabromide to form the corresponding imino halide compounds; c) the imino halide compound is converted to the corresponding imino ether by reaction with a lower alkanol selected from methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol and butyl alcohol; organotin ester of 6-aminopenicillanic acid, after which this ester is optionally hydrolyzed to release 6-aminopenicillanic acid.

I modsætning til de kendte fremgangsmåder er det ved hjælp af fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen muligt at fremstille 6-APA-deri-vater med yderst stor renhed og i meget højt udbytte i industriel målestok under anvendelse af moderate reaktionsbetingelser.Contrary to the known processes, it is possible, by the method of the invention, to produce 6-APA derivatives of extremely high purity and in very high yield on an industrial scale using moderate reaction conditions.

Et væsentligt aspekt ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er, at det gennem denne er muligt ikke blot at fremstille fri 6-APA, men tillige de respektive tributyltinestere ud fra naturlige penicilliner, hvilket ikke er muligt ved de kendte fremgangsmåder til fremstilling af 6-APA.An important aspect of the process of the invention is that through it it is possible not only to produce free 6-APA, but also the respective tributyltin esters from natural penicillins, which is not possible in the known processes for preparing 6-APA.

6 1447006 144700

Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen forklares nærmere i det følgende.The method according to the invention is explained in more detail below.

Først omsættes et naturligt penicillin med formlen (II), hvori som tidligere anført kan være aliphatisk eller aromatisk, i sidstnævnte tilfælde f.eks. aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl, fortrinsvis benzyl eller phenoxymethyl, med en organotinforbindelse med formlen (III) eller (IV) R2 R2s\First, a natural penicillin of formula (II) is reacted, which, as previously stated, may be aliphatic or aromatic, in the latter case e.g. aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl, preferably benzyl or phenoxymethyl, having an organotin compound of formula (III) or (IV) R

R^T~^>Sn—0-Sn rP iP-Sn-XR ^ T ~ ^> Sn — 0-Sn rP iP-Sn-X

R4-^ ^R4 R4·^" (III) (IV) , 2 3 4 hvor R , R og R har de ovenfor anførte betydninger, f.eks. alkyl, aralkyl eller alkoxyl, og hvor X er lavere alkoxy, hydroxy eller halogen.R4 - R4 R4 R4 (III) (IV), where R, R and R have the above meanings, for example alkyl, aralkyl or alkoxyl and where X is lower alkoxy, hydroxy or halogen.

Reaktionsproduktet er de hidtil ukendte penicillinestere med den almene formel (VI) i «The reaction product is the novel penicillin esters of the general formula (VI) in «

Rx-C—NH - CH-CH C^prr·7 *2 I I (vi) 0=C-N-CH-C-0 — Sn-Rr ' ' 0 ^R^Rx-C-NH - CH-CH C ^ prr · 7 * 2 I I (vi) 0 = C-N-CH-C-0 - Sn-Rr '' 0 ^ R ^

Disse forbindelser kan eventuelt isoleres og renses til efterfølgende anvendelse. Til forskel fra de kendte organotinestere af aminosyrer, har disse forbindelser overraskende en fremragende stabilitet. Denne- stabilitet tillader, at disse forbindelser kan anvendes i nærværelse af protoniske opløsningsmidler eller endog vand, uden at der sker hydrolyse. Dette er særdeles fordelagtigt, da det overflødiggør forholdsreglerne ved kendte metoder og ligeledes gør det muligt at foretage rensning ved standardmetoder, herunder omkrystallisation. Estre-ne (VI) er imidlertid følsomme over for stærke syrer og baser (uorganiske og basiske), der hydrolyserer dem. Ved omhyggeligt valg af koncentrationen er det muligt at gennemføre hydrolyse uden spaltning af β-lactamringen i penicillinmolekylet.These compounds may optionally be isolated and purified for subsequent use. Unlike the known organotin esters of amino acids, these compounds have surprisingly excellent stability. This stability allows these compounds to be used in the presence of protonic solvents or even water without hydrolysis. This is particularly advantageous as it eliminates the precautions of known methods and also allows purification by standard methods, including recrystallization. However, the esters (VI) are sensitive to strong acids and bases (inorganic and basic) which hydrolyze them. By careful selection of the concentration, it is possible to carry out hydrolysis without cleavage of the β-lactam ring in the penicillin molecule.

En yderligere stor fordel ved anvendelsen af de ovennævnte estere i de operationer, som fører til hydrolyse af sidekæden, er deres opløselighed i et stort antal organiske opløsningsmidler.A further great advantage of using the above esters in the operations leading to hydrolysis of the side chain is their solubility in a large number of organic solvents.

7 1447007 144700

Ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen overføres de hidtil ilkendte estere (VI) i de tilsvarende iminoforbindelser under anvendelse af phosphoroxychlorid, phosphorpentachlorid eller phos-phorpentabromid.In the process of the invention, the novel esters (VI) of the corresponding imino compounds are transferred using phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus pentachloride or phosphorus pentabromide.

Denne omsætning kan fordelagtigt gennemføres i nærværelse af en organisk base, f.eks. en tertiær amin såsom pyridin, dimethyl-anilin, quinolin eller triethylamin. Tilstedeværelsen af den uorganiske base har den fordel, at syren, som frigøres under reaktionen, neutraliseres, hvorved der undgås ødelæggelse af penicillinkernen. Reaktionsmediet til gennemførelse af omsætningen bør være et upolært organisk opløsningsmiddel, og den dannede iminoforbindelse behøver sædvanligvis ikke at isoleres og kan anvendes i opløsning til det næste trin.This reaction can advantageously be carried out in the presence of an organic base, e.g. a tertiary amine such as pyridine, dimethylaniline, quinoline or triethylamine. The presence of the inorganic base has the advantage of neutralizing the acid released during the reaction, thereby avoiding destruction of the penicillin core. The reaction medium for carrying out the reaction should be an unpolar organic solvent, and the resulting imino compound usually does not need to be isolated and can be used in solution for the next step.

Reaktionsproduktet er et iminohalogenid, som omdannes til en iminoether ved reaktion med en lavere alkohol valgt blandt methanol, ethanol, propylalkohol og butylalkohol.The reaction product is an imino halide which is converted to an imino ether by reaction with a lower alcohol selected from methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol and butyl alcohol.

Frigørelse af det nødvendige trisubstituerede tin-6-a-minopenicillanat kan opnås ved indvirkning af vand, da iminoether-ne let hydrolyserer.Release of the necessary trisubstituted tin-6-α-minopenicillanate can be achieved by the action of water as the imino ethers readily hydrolyze.

Såfremt 6-aminopenicillanaterne ikke ønskes fremstillet som sådan, kan de om ønsket hydrolyseres efter rensning. Hydrolysen gennemføres i vandigt medium med syre eller base under milde betingelser. Den fri 6-aminopenicillansyre udfælder i stor renhed, når dens isoelektriske punkt nås. Det samlede udbytte kan nå 34 og 35 g aminopenicillansyre pr. 100 millioner internationale penicillinenheder.If the 6-aminopenicillanates are not desired to be prepared as such, they may be hydrolyzed after purification if desired. The hydrolysis is carried out in aqueous medium with acid or base under mild conditions. The free 6-aminopenicillanic acid precipitates in great purity when its isoelectric point is reached. The total yield can reach 34 and 35 g aminopenicillanic acid per ml. 100 million international penicillin units.

De her omhandlede reaktioner illustreres nærmere i det følgende reaktionsskema.The reactions in question are illustrated in more detail in the following reaction scheme.

8 144700 l /5\ /CH38 144700 l / 5 \ / CH3

Ri-CO- HN— CH— CH C--CH3Ri-CO- HN— CH— CH C - CH3

II III I

-N-CH-CQOH-N-CH-CQOH

0^ (II)0 (II)

< / "V</ "V

R3\.gn—O-Sn-É-R3 R3-^- Sn—XR3 \ .gn — O-Sn-É-R3 R3 - ^ - Sn-X

?y >R* R4^ (III) (IU) \/ ^CH3 R-CO— HN CH- CH C—CH3 «2 .III / \«4 («) /CH3 r3—C— N—CH CH xC—CH3 . r2 | ! I I / ,? y> R * R4 ^ (III) (IU) \ / ^ CH3 R-CO— HN CH- CH C — CH3 «2. —CH3. r2 | ! I I /,

Hal yt-tt---CH-COO-Sn<f-R3 * ^ R4 v |f—,.-C=fN-CH-c'h ' -C CH3 . · fj2 1 III /3 U ^ \/ \ H2N--CjH — pH C — CH3 r2 C- N- CH—EDO-Sn^~ R3 ^ N R4Hal yt-tt --- CH-COO-Sn <f-R3 * ^ R4 v | f -, .- C = fN-CH-c'h '-C CH3. · Fj2 1 III / 3 U ^ \ / \ H2N - CjH - pH C - CH3 r2 C- N- CH-EDO-Sn ^ ~ R3 ^ N R4

OOISLAND ISLAND

i/\ /“»' H2N— CH— CH C S—CH3 II 1i / \ / »» 'H2N— CH— CH C S — CH3 II 1

^ C-N· CH— COUH^ C-N · CH— COUH

tf' (I) 9 1U7Q0tf '(I) 9 1U7Q0

Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen forklares nærmere i de følgende eksempler.The process according to the invention is explained in more detail in the following examples.

Eksempel 1 4,5 g, 1° millimol, benzylpenicillin-K-ethylpiperidinsalt suspenderes i 100 ml ethylaeetat, og blandingen opvarmes til 50°C under en nitrogenatmosfære. Under konstant temperatur og nitrogengennemstrømning tilsættes hurtigt 3,38 g, 11 millimol, tributyltinhydroxid. Reaktionsbeholderen lukkes, forbindes med en Dean-Stark-separator og opvarmes under svag tilbagesvaling i 15 minutter. Efter afkøling under en nitrogenstrøm fjernes størsteparten af opløsningsmidlet under vakuum. Acetone tilsættes i en mængde til opnåelse af det oprindelige rumfang, opløsningen filtreres til fjernelse af nogen uklarhed som følge af uomsat penicillin, hvorefter den inddampes til tørhed under vakuum. Det fremkomne viskose gummiagtige produkt krystalliseres af en blanding af acetone og petroleumsether, hvorved der fås et hvidt krystallinsk pulver med følgende elementæranalyse:Example 1 4.5 g, 1 ° millimole, benzylpenicillin-K-ethylpiperidine salt is suspended in 100 ml of ethyl acetate and the mixture is heated to 50 ° C under a nitrogen atmosphere. Under constant temperature and nitrogen flow, 3.38 g, 11 millimoles, tributyltin hydroxide is rapidly added. The reaction vessel is closed, connected to a Dean-Stark separator and heated under gentle reflux for 15 minutes. After cooling under a stream of nitrogen, most of the solvent is removed under vacuum. Acetone is added in an amount to give the original volume, the solution is filtered to remove any turbidity due to unreacted penicillin and then evaporated to dryness under vacuum. The resulting viscous rubbery product is crystallized by a mixture of acetone and petroleum ether to give a white crystalline powder with the following elemental analysis:

Analyse for CggH^NgO^SSn: C % H % NJÉAnalysis for CggH2NgO2 SSn: C% H% NJE

Fundet 53,8 7,2 4,7Found 53.8 7.2 4.7

Beregnet 53,94 7,14 4,48 3,1 g, 5 millimol, af dette produkt suspenderes i 80 ml car-bontetrachlorid i en kolbe beskyttet mod fugtighed. Under omrøring tilsættes 5 ml, 62 millimol, frisk destilleret pyridin, hvorefter blandingen afkøles til -15°C.Calculated 53.94 7.14 4.48 3.1 g, 5 millimoles, of this product are suspended in 80 ml of carbon tetrachloride in a humidified flask. With stirring, 5 ml, 62 millimoles of freshly distilled pyridine are added and the mixture is cooled to -15 ° C.

Ved denne temperatur tilsættes 1,04 g, 5 millimol, phosphor-pentachlorid. Efter omrøring i 1 time ved -15°C tilsættes 20 ml methanol ved -15°C under kraftig omrøring og afkøling. Tilsætningen skal foretages omhyggeligt for at undgå unødig varme. Omrøringen fortsættes i 2 timer med reaktionskolben fjernet fra kølebadet. Efter afslutningen af dette tidsrum er temperaturen steget til 5°C, og der afkøles til 0°C og tilsættes 50 ml afkølet natriumhydrogencarbonatopløs-ning. Ekstraktionen gentages tregange, og ekstrakterne kombineres og vaskes med en lille mængde butylacetat. Efter analyse ved hjælp af tyndtlagschromatografi (silicagelplader, eluering med butanol-ethanol--vand i forholdet 4:2:2 og fremkaldelse ved sprøjtning med stivelse-iod) konstateres tilstedeværelse af 6-aminopenicillansyre. En prøve af opløsningen frysetørres, hvorved fås et fast produkt, som opløses i vand, der er gjort basisk med natriumhydroxid, og behandles med aktivt kul.At this temperature, 1.04 g, 5 millimoles, of phosphorus pentachloride are added. After stirring for 1 hour at -15 ° C, 20 ml of methanol is added at -15 ° C with vigorous stirring and cooling. The addition must be done carefully to avoid unnecessary heat. Stirring is continued for 2 hours with the reaction flask removed from the cooling bath. At the end of this time, the temperature has risen to 5 ° C and cooled to 0 ° C and 50 ml of cooled sodium hydrogen carbonate solution is added. The extraction is repeated three times, and the extracts are combined and washed with a small amount of butyl acetate. After analysis by thin layer chromatography (silica gel plates, elution with butanol-ethanol - 4: 2: 2 water ratio and induction by starch-iodine spraying), the presence of 6-aminopenicillanic acid was found. A sample of the solution is lyophilized to give a solid product, which is dissolved in sodium hydroxide alkaline water and treated with activated charcoal.

10 14470010 144700

Filtratet indstilles på pH = 4,3 med saltsyre, hvorved fås 6-amino-penicillansyrekrystaller, der identificeres ved tyndtlagschromatogra-fi, ved niphydrinprøven og ved IR-spektroskopi. Iodometrisk titrering ifølge Alicino, Anal. Chem. 32, 6b8 (1967) giver en renhed på 98,3$. Smeltepunkt, ukorrigeret, 208-208,5°C (sønderdeling). /g7p = + 269*8 i vand (ækvivalent med renhed på 99*7%)·The filtrate is adjusted to pH = 4.3 with hydrochloric acid to give 6-amino-penicillanic acid crystals, identified by thin-layer chromatography, by the niphydrin sample and by IR spectroscopy. Iodometric titration according to Alicino, Anal. Chem. 32, 6b8 (1967) gives a purity of $ 98.3. Melting point, uncorrected, 208-208.5 ° C (dec.). / g7p = + 269 * 8 in water (equivalent to purity of 99 * 7%) ·

Eksempel 2Example 2

En suspension af 4,5 g, 10 millimol, N-ethylpiperidinbenzyl-penicillinat i 100 ml frisk destilleret benzen opvarmes til 65°C under en nitrogenatmosfære. Under konstant nitrogenstrøm og temperatur tilsættes 2,6 ml, 5 millimol, tributyltinoxid. Reaktionskolben forbindes med en Dean-Stark-separator, og der destilleres i 30 minutter under et sådant tilbagesvalingsforhold, at der i denne periode destillerer 15 ml benzen. En meget lille mængde aktivt kul tilsættes, og blandingen filtreres under anvendelse af filterhjælpemiddel. Efter inddampning under formindsket tryk i en tyndfilmsrotationsfordamper fås en svagt farvet gummiagtig remanens, som derpå opløses i acetone og efter krystallisation af hexan fås et hvidt krystallinsk pulver.A suspension of 4.5 g, 10 millimoles of N-ethylpiperidine benzyl penicillinate in 100 ml of freshly distilled benzene is heated to 65 ° C under a nitrogen atmosphere. Under constant nitrogen flow and temperature, 2.6 ml, 5 millimoles, tributyltin oxide is added. The reaction flask is connected to a Dean-Stark separator and distilled for 30 minutes under a reflux condition to distill 15 ml of benzene during this period. A very small amount of activated charcoal is added and the mixture is filtered using filter aid. After evaporation under reduced pressure in a thin film rotary evaporator, a slightly colored rubbery residue is obtained, which is then dissolved in acetone and after crystallization of hexane a white crystalline powder is obtained.

Ved analyse viser det sig, at dette pulver er identisk med det i første reaktionstrin i eksempel 1 fremstillede produkt.By analysis, it is found that this powder is identical to the product prepared in the first reaction step of Example 1.

3,1 g, 5 millimol, af dette produkt underkastes amidolyse under dannelse af først iminchloridet og derpå iminoetheren under betingelser, der er helt analoge med de i eksempel 1 anvendte. Slutproduktet er også i dette tilfælde 6-aminopenicillansyre.3.1 g, 5 millimoles, of this product are subjected to amidolysis to first form the imine chloride and then the imino ether under conditions quite analogous to those used in Example 1. The end product is also 6-aminopenicillanic acid in this case.

Eksempel 3Example 3

En suspension af 3*72 g, 10 millimol, penicillin G kalium i 100 ml ethylacetat opvarmes under nitrogen til 50°C, og ved denne temperatur tilsættes hurtigt 2,66 ml, 10 millimol, tributyltinchlorid. Reaktionskolben lukkes, forbindes med en Dean-Stark-separator og opvarmes under milde tilbagesvalingsbetingelser i 10 minutter under nitrogen. Efter afkøling fjernes opløsningsmidlet ved fordampning i en rotationsfordamper under formindsket tryk. Der tilsættes acetone til det oprindelige rumfang, hvorefter der filtreres og atter inddampes til tørhed i en rotationsfordamper. Det fremkomne viskose gummiagtige produkt anvendes i de efterfølgende trin uden yderligere rensning. Til dette formål optages produktet i 50 ml dichlormethan i en reaktionskolbe beskyttet mod fugtighed, og der tilsættes 7,4 ml N-dimethyl-anilin, og kolben afkøles til -25°C. Idet temperaturen holdes konstant tilsættes langsomt 1,66 g, 8 millimol, phosphorpentachlorid. Reaktionsblandingen omrøres i 1 time og 30 minutter, afkøles hurtigt til -40°C, 11 146700 og der tilsættes dråbevis, men hurtigt 50 nil n-propanol, der er afkølet til -40°C. Reaktionsblandingen omrøres i 3 timer, idet temperaturen gradvis får lov til at stige til -10°C. Der tilsættes 10 ml afkølet natriumhydrogenearbonatopløsning, og omrøringen genoptages, idet temperaturen får lov til at stige til 0°C. De dannede to faser adskilles, ekstraktionen gentages to gange, og de kombinerede ekstrakter vaskes med butylacetat. PH-værdien indstilles på 4,3 ved tilsætning af koncentreret ammoniak, og β-aminopenicillansyre krystalliserer direkte og identificeres som i de foregående eksempler. Der fås 1,9 S produkt med smp. 208-209°C (sønderdeling). Ved koncentrering og ekstrahering af de organiske faser fås endnu 0,l6 g produkt med smp. 206-207,5 (sønderdeling) .A suspension of 3 * 72 g, 10 millimoles of penicillin G potassium in 100 ml of ethyl acetate is heated under nitrogen to 50 ° C, and at this temperature 2.66 ml, 10 millimoles of tributyltin chloride is rapidly added. The reaction flask is sealed, connected to a Dean-Stark separator and heated under mild reflux conditions for 10 minutes under nitrogen. After cooling, the solvent is removed by evaporation in a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure. Acetone is added to the original volume, then filtered and again evaporated to dryness in a rotary evaporator. The resulting viscous rubbery product is used in the subsequent steps without further purification. To this end, the product is taken up in 50 ml of dichloromethane in a humidified reaction flask and 7.4 ml of N-dimethyl-aniline is added and the flask is cooled to -25 ° C. Keeping the temperature constant, slowly add 1.66 g, 8 millimoles, of phosphorus pentachloride. The reaction mixture is stirred for 1 hour and 30 minutes, cooled rapidly to -40 ° C, 11,66700, and dropwise but rapidly added 50 nil of n-propanol cooled to -40 ° C. The reaction mixture is stirred for 3 hours, gradually allowing the temperature to rise to -10 ° C. Add 10 ml of cooled sodium bicarbonate solution and resume stirring, allowing the temperature to rise to 0 ° C. The two phases formed are separated, the extraction is repeated twice, and the combined extracts are washed with butyl acetate. The pH is adjusted to 4.3 by the addition of concentrated ammonia and β-aminopenicillanic acid directly crystallizes and is identified as in the previous examples. 1.9 S product with m.p. 208-209 ° C (dec.). Concentration and extraction of the organic phases yields another 0.16 g of product with m.p. 206-207.5 (decomposition).

Eksempel 4Example 4

Til en opløsning af 2,7 ral tributyltinoxid i 100 ml tør toluen opvarmet til tilbagesvalingstemperatur sættes 4,5 g N-ethylpiperidin-benzylpenicillinat. Reaktionsblandingen tilbagesvales i 10 minutter under anvendelse af en Dean-Stark-separator,og idet tilbagesvalingsforholdet indstilles således, at rumfanget af opløsningsmidlet formindskes med 40^>. Efter henstand til afkøling filtreres der, og filtratet koncentreres under vakuum, indtil rumfanget er formindsket til 20 ml. Opløsningen hældes i hexan under omrøring, og det fremkomne pulver-agtige produkt frafiltreres, vaskes med isafkølet acetone, tørres natten over under formindsket tryk, og anvendes uden rensning til de efterfølgende reaktioner.To a solution of 2.7 ral tributyltin oxide in 100 ml of dry toluene heated to reflux temperature is added 4.5 g of N-ethylpiperidine-benzylpenicillinate. The reaction mixture is refluxed for 10 minutes using a Dean-Stark separator, and the reflux ratio is adjusted so that the volume of the solvent is reduced by 40 ° C. After allowing to cool, filter and concentrate the filtrate under vacuum until the volume is reduced to 20 ml. The solution is poured into hexane with stirring and the resulting powdery product is filtered off, washed with ice-cooled acetone, dried overnight under reduced pressure, and used without purification for subsequent reactions.

3,1 g af produktet suspenderes i chloroform i en kolbe beskyttet mod fugtighed, og efter tilsætning af 5 ral quinolin omrøres der i 30 minutter ved stuetemperatur. Efter afkøling til -4o°C tilsættes en opløsning af 1,66 g phosphorpentachlorid i chloroform ved -30°C, og omrøringen fortsættes ved -30°C i 2 timer.3.1 g of the product is suspended in chloroform in a flask protected from humidity and after addition of 5 ral quinoline is stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature. After cooling to -4 ° C, a solution of 1.66 g of phosphorus pentachloride in chloroform is added at -30 ° C and stirring is continued at -30 ° C for 2 hours.

Efter dette tidsrum tilsættes 20 ml methanol ved -30°C under afkøling og under kraftig omrøring, der vedvarer 1 time. Derpå tilsættes 20 ml dimethylformamid, og destillationen gennemføres ved stuetemperatur under formindsket tryk (l mm Hg), indtil der nås et slutrumf ang på 25 ml. Der tilsættes 20 ml dimethylformamid, og destillationen under formindsket tryk genoptages ved 36°C, indtil kogning ophører. Til remanensopløsningen sættes 750 mg, 5 millimol, kalium-thiophenoxid, og blandingen hældes i en blanding af acetone og ether.After this time, 20 ml of methanol is added at -30 ° C under cooling and with vigorous stirring which persists for 1 hour. Then 20 ml of dimethylformamide is added and the distillation is carried out at room temperature under reduced pressure (1 mm Hg) until a final volume of 25 ml is reached. 20 ml of dimethylformamide is added and the distillation under reduced pressure is resumed at 36 ° C until boiling ceases. To the residue solution is added 750 mg, 5 millimoles, potassium thiophene oxide, and the mixture is poured into a mixture of acetone and ether.

Det dannede voluminøse bundfald frafiltreres, vaskes med en blanding af 144700 12 acetone og ether, og opløses i 25 ml destilleret vand. Ved indstilling af pH-værdien i opløsningen til 4,5 med saltsyre fås 6-amino-penicillansyre i form af et krystallinsk bundfald. Produktet fås i en mængde på 2,1 g, og identificeres og analyseres som i de forudgående eksempler.The resulting bulky precipitate is filtered off, washed with a mixture of acetone and ether and dissolved in 25 ml of distilled water. By adjusting the pH of the solution to 4.5 with hydrochloric acid, 6-amino-penicillanic acid is obtained in the form of a crystalline precipitate. The product is available in an amount of 2.1 g and is identified and analyzed as in the preceding examples.

DK94073A 1972-05-16 1973-02-21 PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF 6-AMINOPENICILLANIC ACID OR ORGANOTINESTERS THEREOF DK144700C (en)

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