DK143488B - welding electrode - Google Patents
welding electrode Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK143488B DK143488B DK111372AA DK111372A DK143488B DK 143488 B DK143488 B DK 143488B DK 111372A A DK111372A A DK 111372AA DK 111372 A DK111372 A DK 111372A DK 143488 B DK143488 B DK 143488B
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- welding
- electrode
- welding electrode
- core
- nickel
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
- B23K35/0272—Rods, electrodes, wires with more than one layer of coating or sheathing material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/365—Selection of non-metallic compositions of coating materials either alone or conjoint with selection of soldering or welding materials
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Description
|j| (12) FREMLÆGGELSESSKRIFT (11) 1U31+88B| J | (12) PUBLICATION WRITING (11) 1U31 + 88B
(19) DANMARK(19) DENMARK
DIREKTORATET FOR PATENT- OG VAREMÆRKEVÆSENETDIRECTORATE OF THE PATENT AND TRADEMARKET SYSTEM
(21) Ansøgning nr. 1Π3/72 (51) IntCI* B 23 K 35/22 (22) Indleveringsdag 10. mar. 1972 (24) Løbedag 10. mar. 1972 (41) Aim. tilgængelig 13. sep. 1972 (44) Fremlagt 31. aug. 1981 (86) International ansøgning nr. - (86) International indleveringsdag (85) Videreførelsesdag - (62) Stamansøgning nr. -(21) Application No. 1Π3 / 72 (51) IntCI * B 23 K 35/22 (22) Filing date 10 Mar. 1972 (24) Race day 10 Mar 1972 (41) Aim. available Sep 13 1972 (44) Presented 31 Aug. 1981 (86) International application # - (86) International filing day (85) Continuation day - (62) Master application no -
(30) Prioritet 12. mar. 1971, 123838, US(30) Priority Mar 12 1971, 123838, US
(71) Ansøger EUTECTIC CORPORATION, New York, US.(71) Applicant EUTECTIC CORPORATION, New York, US.
(72) Opfinder Joseph Frederick Quaas, US.(72) Inventor Joseph Frederick Quaas, US.
(74) Fuldmægtig Ingeniørfirmaet Hofman-Bang & Boutard.(74) Associate Engineer Hofman-Bang & Boutard.
(54) Svejseelektrode.(54) Welding electrode.
Opfindelsen angår en svejseelektrode af den i indledningen til krav 1 angivne art.The invention relates to a welding electrode of the kind specified in the preamble of claim 1.
Elektroden kan anvendes med vekselstrøm eller med jævnstrøm med ensrettet polaritet uden overhedning.The electrode can be used with alternating current or with direct current with unidirectional polarity without overheating.
Det er kendt, at elektroder med en kerne af jernholdig legering til svejsning af støbejern bliver meget varm ved svejseudfældning. Disse kendte elektroder bliver undertiden varme under drift, således _ at elektrodeovertrækket efter, at 2/3 af elektroden er forbrugt,It is known that electrodes with a core of ferrous alloy for welding cast iron become very hot upon welding precipitation. These known electrodes sometimes become hot during operation, so that the electrode coating after 2/3 of the electrode is consumed,
0 nedbrydes og gør den resterende del af elektroden ubrugelig, således 0 at den må kasseres. Disse kendte svejseelektroder er på grund af ^ deres følsomhed overfor kraftig overophedning følsomme overfor 1 håndtering. Disse ulemper er i høj grad uheldige, fordi svejseelektroder med kerner af nikkeljern frembyder et antal vigtige É fordele i forbindelse med svejsning af støbejern og i vidt om fang anvendes til dette fonnål.0 decomposes and renders the remaining part of the electrode unusable, so 0 must be discarded. These known welding electrodes, due to their sensitivity to excessive overheating, are sensitive to handling. These drawbacks are largely unfortunate because welding electrodes with cores of nickel iron offer a number of important É advantages in welding cast iron and to a great extent if fangs are used for this needle.
2 U34882 U3488
Det er opfindelsens formål at angive en svejseelektrode med en metalkerne til svejsning af støbejern, hvilken svejseelektrode udviser den fordelagtige egenskabskombination, at den ikke bliver for varm under udfældning af svejsesømmen, at den ved udfældning af svejsesømmen udviser en minimal omrøring af basismetallet, og at den på et støbt metal på jernbasis vil udfælde en maskinbearbejdelig svejseudfældning med en nodulstruktur.It is an object of the invention to provide a welding electrode with a metal core for welding cast iron, which welding electrode exhibits the advantageous property combination that it does not become too hot during precipitation of the weld seam, that when precipitating the weld seam, it exhibits minimal stirring of the base metal and on a cast-iron metal base will precipitate a machinable welded precipitate with a nodular structure.
Svejseelektroden ifølge opfindelsen, der er af den i indledningen. til krav 1 angivne art, er ejendommelig ved det i den kendetegnende del af krav 1 angivne.The welding electrode of the invention, which is of the one in the preamble. The nature of claim 1 is peculiar to that of the characterizing part of claim 1.
Man kender ganske vist fra tysk fremlæggelsesskrift nr. 1 245 256 en svejseelektrode, der består af en metallisk kerne med et overfladelag af kobber, der er påført med det formål at begrænse temperaturstigningen i svejseelektroden tinder svejsningen. Imidlertid er svejseelektroden ifølge opfindelsen forsynet med en om-hylling af sølv og kobber, og herved fremkommer der en væsentlig større begrænsning af temperaturstigningen i elektroden under svejsningen end den, man kan opnå under anvendelse af den fra fremlæggelsesskriftet kendte svejseelektrode.It is admittedly known from German Patent Specification No. 1,245,256 a welding electrode consisting of a metallic core with a copper surface layer applied for the purpose of limiting the rise in temperature of the welding electrode, the welding peaks. However, the welding electrode according to the invention is provided with a sheath of silver and copper, which results in a substantially greater restriction of the temperature rise in the electrode during the welding than can be obtained using the welding electrode known from the present invention.
En særlig fordelagtig udførelsesform for svejseelektroden ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved det i den kendetegnende del af krav 2 angivne. Herved opnår man en svejseelektrode med optimal elektrisk ledningsevne, hvilket er vigtigt, idet der herved skabes mulighed for udvikling af den til elektrosvejsningen nødvendige varmemængde, mens man samtidigt undgår overhedning af svejseelektroden.A particularly advantageous embodiment of the welding electrode according to the invention is characterized by the characterizing part of claim 2. This results in a welding electrode with optimum electrical conductivity, which is important, thereby providing the opportunity to develop the amount of heat needed for the electro welding, while at the same time avoiding superheating of the welding electrode.
En særlig foretrukken udførelsesform for svejseelektroden ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved det i den kendetegnende del af krav 3 angivne. Herved opnås en svejsning, der har høj styrke, som kan maskinbearbejdes og hvori carbonet findes i form af en nodulær struktur.A particularly preferred embodiment of the welding electrode according to the invention is characterized by the characterizing part of claim 3. This results in a high strength weldable, machinable weld in which the carbon is in the form of a nodular structure.
En særlig foretrukken udførelsesform for svejseelektroden ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved det i den kendetegnende del af krav 4 angivne. Dette særlige flusmiddel samarbejder med metalkernen på en sådan måde, at der frembringes en i høj grad sund svejsning, der indeholder nodulært grafit. Dette skyldes, at 3 143488 flusmidlet indeholder magnesium, der er overtrukket med nikkel, hvilket er et noduliserende middel for grafit. Magnesiumpartik-leme er overtrukket med nikkel for at beskytte magnesiummet mod oxidation under svejsning, således at magnesiummet kan frembringe en grafitisk nodulær struktur. Flusmidlet indeholder også deoxiderende midler, der beskytter magnesiummet. Flusmidlet indeholder relativt meget carbon, nemlig fortrinsvis mellem 8 og 20 vægt-#, der understøtter dannelsen af er flydende svejseudfældning. For at undgå dannelse af grafitflager i udfældningen, hvilket ville svække svejsningen, har man indført magnesium i flusmidlet, således at grafitten kan noduliseres effektivt. De andre bestanddele, der findes i flusmidlet, nemlig alkalimetal-carbonater, calciumfluorid, ler, o.s.v., fungerer også som et beskyttende overtræk for at muliggøre, at de ønskede reaktioner kan foregå i svejsningen. Flusmiddelovertrækket tilvejebringer således adskillige fordele, især hvad angår kontrol af de metal-lurgiske reaktioner i den smeltede svejseudfældning, således at der dannes en nodulær struktur, der er meget duktil.A particularly preferred embodiment of the welding electrode according to the invention is characterized in that according to the characterizing part of claim 4. This particular fluxing agent cooperates with the metal core in such a way as to produce a highly healthy weld containing nodular graphite. This is because the flux contains nickel-coated magnesium, which is a nodulizing agent for graphite. The magnesium particles are nickel-coated to protect the magnesium from oxidation during welding, so that the magnesium can produce a graphitic nodular structure. The flux also contains deoxidizing agents which protect the magnesium. The fluxing agent contains relatively much carbon, namely between 8 and 20% by weight, which supports the formation of liquid welding precipitation. In order to avoid the formation of graphite flakes in the precipitate, which would weaken the welding, magnesium has been introduced into the flux so that the graphite can be nodulated effectively. The other constituents contained in the flux, namely, alkali metal carbonates, calcium fluoride, clay, etc., also act as a protective coating to allow the desired reactions to take place in the weld. Thus, the flux coating provides several advantages, especially in controlling the metallurgical reactions in the molten weld precipitate, to form a highly ductile nodular structure.
En særlig foretrukken udførelsesform for svejseelektroden ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved det i den kendetegnende del af krav 5 angivne. Herved opnås en svejseelektrode med de samme gode egenskaber som svejseelektroden ifølge krav 4.A particularly preferred embodiment of the welding electrode according to the invention is characterized by the characterizing part of claim 5. Hereby, a welding electrode having the same good properties as the welding electrode of claim 4 is obtained.
I nogen tid har man udfoldet en vis forskningsaktivitet for at tilvejebringe en i høj grad overlegen svejseelektrode til svejsning af støbej em. Det havde særlig stor betydning at tilvejebringe en elektrode til støbejem af nikkeljerntypen, som ikke i alvorligt omfang ville overhedes ved svejseudfældning.For some time, there has been some research activity to provide a highly superior welding electrode for welding castings. It was particularly important to provide a nickel-iron type casting electrode which would not be seriously overheated by welding deposition.
Efter omfattende undersøgelser blev det som ovenfor anført erkendt, at svejseelektroder ifølge opfindelsen, der var forsynet med nikkeljemkemer, men som på overfladerne var omgivet med et tyndt lag af en i høj grad ledende legering, der indeholder kobber og sølv, var udsat for en overhedning, der var reduceret i betydeligt omfang. Nikkeljern betyder i den foreliggende sammenhæng legeringer, der omfatter jern og nikkel med mellem 40 og 65 vægt-% nikkel.After extensive research, it was recognized, as above, that welding electrodes of the invention, which were nickel-cored but which were surrounded on the surface by a thin layer of a highly conductive alloy containing copper and silver, were subjected to a superheat that was significantly reduced. Nickel iron in the present context means alloys comprising iron and nickel with between 40 and 65% by weight nickel.
Ved en fortsat undersøgelse viste det sig, at tykkelsen af det ydre lag af ledende legering, der består af sølv og kobber, som 4 143488 skal tilvejebringes på den ydre, cylindriske overflade af kernetråden, som vil medføre de forbedrede resultater ifølge opfindelsen, kan defineret indenfor et interval, der kan bestemmes på følgende måde:Upon further examination, it was found that the thickness of the outer layer of conductive alloy consisting of silver and copper to be provided on the outer cylindrical surface of the core wire which will result in the improved results of the invention can be defined. within an interval that can be determined as follows:
Minimal tykkelse af ledende lag i cm = 0,013x(diameter af kerne- tråden i cm)Minimum thickness of conductive layer in cm = 0.013x (diameter of the core wire in cm)
Maximal tykkelse af ledende lag i cm = 0,019x(diameter af kernetråden i cm)Maximum thickness of conductive layer in cm = 0.019x (diameter of the core wire in cm)
Det vil forstås af sagkyndige, at ledende lag med et indhold af rent kobber og rent sølv tilvejebringer optimale resultater.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that conductive layers with a pure copper and silver content provide optimum results.
En typisk svejseelektrode ifølge opfindelsen omfatter følgende bestanddele.A typical welding electrode according to the invention comprises the following components.
En kemestav af en legering af nikkel og jern med nominelt 48 til 60 vægt-% nikkel. Hele den ydre, cylindriske overflade af kernen er forsynet med et lag af en legering, der består af kobber og sølv. Under forudsætning af, at kernen har en diameter på 0,32 cm, må tykkelsen af det overfladiske lag af kobber-sølv-legering på basis af de i det foregående angivne matematiske formler ligge i intervallet mellem 0,0043 og 0,0061 cm. Laget af kobber-sølv-legering kan påføres på kerneoverfladen under anvendelse af en vilkårlig af et antal kendte metoder, såsom ved drapering eller elektrolyse.A core of a nickel and iron alloy with a nominal 48 to 60% by weight nickel. The entire outer cylindrical surface of the core is provided with a layer of an alloy consisting of copper and silver. Assuming that the core has a diameter of 0.32 cm, the thickness of the copper-silver alloy superficial layer, based on the above-mentioned mathematical formulas, must be in the range of 0.0043 to 0.0061 cm. The copper-silver alloy layer can be applied to the core surface using any of a number of known methods, such as by draping or electrolysis.
På kernen af elektroden foreligger der et overtrak af flusmiddel. Mængden af flusmiddel i overtrækket beregnet som vægt-So i forhold til elektroden ifølge opfindelsen, i sammenligning med vægten af den totale elektrode, er følgende: Vægt-55At the core of the electrode there is a flux coating. The amount of flux in the coating calculated as weight-So relative to the electrode of the invention, in comparison with the weight of the total electrode, is as follows:
Bredt interval Foretrukket interval Eksempel Overtræk 18 til 52 25 til 45 52Wide range Preferred range Example Coatings 18 to 52 25 to 45 52
Kerne 40 til 82 55 til 75 68Core 40 to 82 55 to 75 68
Eksempler på brede og foretrukne intervaller af flusmiddelovertrak-ket ifølge opfindelsen er udtrykt i vægt-'/ό i det følgende: 5 143488 Vægt-%Examples of wide and preferred ranges of the flux coating according to the invention are expressed in weight - / - følgende as follows:
Bestanddel Bredt interval Foretrukket in- Eksempel _ _ terval ____________Component Wide range Preferred in- Example _ _ terval ____________
Nikkelpulver op til 25 2 til 22 6,3Nickel powder up to 25 2 to 22 6.3
Nikkel overtrukket med magnesium 4 til 18 6 til 15 7,5Nickel coated with magnesium 4 to 18 6 to 15 7.5
Alkalimetalcarbonater, såsom barium, calcium- og strontiumcarbonat 18 til 47 22 til 45 38,2Alkali metal carbonates such as barium, calcium and strontium carbonate 18 to 47 22 to 45 38.2
Deoxidationsmidier, såsom preime og ferrolege-ringer af aluminium, silicium, mangan og titan 5 til 18 7 til 13 10Deoxidation agents, such as aluminum, silicon, manganese and titanium prime and ferro alloys 5 to 18 7 to 13 10
Jernpulver op til 11 1 til 7 5Iron powder up to 11 1 to 7 5
Kobberpulver 2 til 13 4 til 8 7Copper powder 2 to 13 4 to 8 7
Calciumfluorid eller flusspat 7 til 11 8 til 10,3 9Calcium fluoride or fluoride 7 to 11 8 to 10.3 9
Carbon, såsom grafit, cellulose, etc. 4 til 24 8 til 20 14Carbon, such as graphite, cellulose, etc. 4 to 24 8 to 20 14
Ler 1 til 6 2 til 5 3Clay 1 to 6 2 to 5 3
Som bekendt er flusmiddelovertrækket forsynet med et passende bindemiddel, såsom natrium- eller kaliumsilicat, for at understøtte flusmidlets adhæsion til elektrodens kerne. Bindemidlet blandes med flusmidlet i mængder, der er lig 40 til 50 vægt-?o af bindemidlet i forhold til det totale flusmiddelovertræk.As is known, the flux coating is provided with an appropriate binder, such as sodium or potassium silicate, to support the adhesion of the flux to the core of the electrode. The binder is mixed with the flux in amounts equal to 40 to 50% by weight of the binder relative to the total flux coating.
Ved svejseudfældningen viste det sig, at svejseelektroderne ifølge opfindelsen gav anledning til fremkomsten af svejseudfældninger, der i den udfældede tilstand udviste en grafitisk, nodulær struktur. Dette er et bemærkelsesværdigt fremskridt, fordi tilstedeværelsen af en nodulær struktur i svejseudfældningeme ikke blot tilvejebringer en struktur, der er meget ønskværdig til anvendelse i forbindelse med støbte metaller på jernbasis, men også fordi denne struktur er et tegn på, at duktiliteten i svejseudfældningen af metallet er maximal. Svejseelektrodeme ifølge opfindelsen har også yderst gode svejsbarhedsegenskaber både ved svejsning i position og ved svejsning udenfor position. Disse elektroder danner ved svejsning yderligere en blød svejsebue og en glat afbrænding af elektroden, og de dypper ikke ned i basismetallet af støbejem ved svejseudfældningen til tilvejebringelse af en minimal penetration i og fortynding af basismetallet, hvilket generelt repræsenterer betydelige problemer ved 6 143488 svejsning af støbejern. Yderligere udviste de fra svejseelektro-deme udfældede svejsninger en særlig god slaggedækning til tilvejebringelse af sunde og i æstetisk henseende godt udseende svej seudfældninger.In the weld deposition, it was found that the welding electrodes of the invention gave rise to the appearance of weld precipitates which exhibited a graphitic nodular structure in the precipitated state. This is a remarkable advance because the presence of a nodular structure in the weld deposits not only provides a structure which is highly desirable for use in cast iron-based metals, but also because this structure is indicative of the ductility of the weld precipitation of the metal. is maximum. The welding electrodes of the invention also have extremely good weldability properties both in position welding and out-of-position welding. These welds, upon welding, further form a soft welding arc and smooth firing of the electrode, and do not dip into the base metal of the cast iron upon welding deposition to provide minimal penetration into and dilution of the base metal, which generally represents significant problems with cast iron welding. . Further, the welds precipitated from the welding electrode exhibited a particularly good slag coverage to provide healthy and aesthetically good looking welded precipitates.
Det er særligt betydningsfuldt, at den fordel, der knytter sig til svejseelektroderne ifølge opfindelsen, kan opnås både når man anvender vekselstrøm og jævnstrøm med ensrettet polaritet. Ved svejseudfældning er svejseelektrodeme betydligt koldere end de kendte svejseelektroder til støbej em. Svejseelektrodeme ifølge opfindelsen kan udnyttes 100?i> uden at støde på overhedningsproblemer.It is particularly important that the advantage associated with the welding electrodes according to the invention can be obtained both when using alternating current and direct current with unidirectional polarity. In welding deposition, the welding electrodes are considerably colder than the known welding electrodes for casting. The welding electrodes of the invention can be utilized 100 µm without encountering superheating problems.
Det vil forstås, at der i henhold til opfindelsen er tilvejebragt en i høj grad overlegen svejseelektrode til svejsning af støbejern.It will be appreciated that, according to the invention, there is provided a greatly superior welding electrode for welding cast iron.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US12383871A | 1971-03-12 | 1971-03-12 | |
US12383871 | 1971-03-12 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DK143488B true DK143488B (en) | 1981-08-31 |
DK143488C DK143488C (en) | 1982-01-04 |
Family
ID=22411195
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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DK111372A DK143488C (en) | 1971-03-12 | 1972-03-10 | welding electrode |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
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JP (1) | JPS48102044A (en) |
AR (1) | AR194723A1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT322937B (en) |
BE (1) | BE780492A (en) |
BR (1) | BR7201313D0 (en) |
CA (1) | CA975436A (en) |
CH (1) | CH535089A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2210110A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK143488C (en) |
GB (1) | GB1385121A (en) |
IE (1) | IE36152B1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL7202759A (en) |
NO (1) | NO790240L (en) |
PH (1) | PH10584A (en) |
SE (1) | SE381835B (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA721125B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
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WO1990000953A1 (en) * | 1988-07-26 | 1990-02-08 | Institut Elektrosvarki Imeni E.O.Patona Akademii Nauk Ukrainskoi Ssr | Electrode wire |
CN113399863B (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-06-21 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Ni-Cu-Ag-Co welding wire for welding TA1-Q345 middle layer and preparation method thereof |
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NL301186A (en) * | 1963-11-26 |
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1972
- 1972-02-21 ZA ZA721125A patent/ZA721125B/en unknown
- 1972-02-25 SE SE7202392A patent/SE381835B/en unknown
- 1972-03-01 PH PH13302A patent/PH10584A/en unknown
- 1972-03-02 NL NL7202759A patent/NL7202759A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1972-03-02 DE DE2210110A patent/DE2210110A1/en active Pending
- 1972-03-03 AR AR240793A patent/AR194723A1/en active
- 1972-03-08 BR BR1313/72A patent/BR7201313D0/en unknown
- 1972-03-09 CA CA136,689A patent/CA975436A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-03-09 CH CH344172A patent/CH535089A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-03-09 AT AT197772A patent/AT322937B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-03-09 JP JP47023657A patent/JPS48102044A/ja active Pending
- 1972-03-10 DK DK111372A patent/DK143488C/en active
- 1972-03-10 BE BE780492A patent/BE780492A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-03-10 IE IE311/72A patent/IE36152B1/en unknown
- 1972-03-13 GB GB1154372A patent/GB1385121A/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-01-24 NO NO790240A patent/NO790240L/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA975436A (en) | 1975-09-30 |
NL7202759A (en) | 1972-09-14 |
ZA721125B (en) | 1972-10-25 |
BR7201313D0 (en) | 1973-06-14 |
DK143488C (en) | 1982-01-04 |
GB1385121A (en) | 1975-02-26 |
SE381835B (en) | 1975-12-22 |
IE36152L (en) | 1972-09-12 |
JPS48102044A (en) | 1973-12-21 |
IE36152B1 (en) | 1976-09-01 |
AT322937B (en) | 1975-06-10 |
CH535089A (en) | 1973-03-31 |
NO790240L (en) | 1972-09-13 |
DE2210110A1 (en) | 1973-01-25 |
PH10584A (en) | 1977-07-12 |
AR194723A1 (en) | 1973-08-14 |
BE780492A (en) | 1972-09-11 |
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