DK143090B - PROCEDURE FOR SOUND RECORDING FOR Stereo Rendering AND APPARATUS FOR EXERCISING THE PROCEDURE - Google Patents

PROCEDURE FOR SOUND RECORDING FOR Stereo Rendering AND APPARATUS FOR EXERCISING THE PROCEDURE Download PDF

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DK143090B
DK143090B DK501075AA DK501075A DK143090B DK 143090 B DK143090 B DK 143090B DK 501075A A DK501075A A DK 501075AA DK 501075 A DK501075 A DK 501075A DK 143090 B DK143090 B DK 143090B
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microphone
microphones
pairs
artificial
recording
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DK501075AA
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DK501075A (en
DK143090C (en
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J C M V D Berg
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J C M V D Berg
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Priority claimed from NL7414600A external-priority patent/NL7414600A/en
Priority claimed from NL7511506A external-priority patent/NL7511506A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R5/00Stereophonic arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R5/00Stereophonic arrangements
    • H04R5/027Spatial or constructional arrangements of microphones, e.g. in dummy heads

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Stereophonic Arrangements (AREA)
  • Stereophonic System (AREA)
  • Stereo-Broadcasting Methods (AREA)

Description

143090143090

Opfindelsen angår en fremgangsmåde til lydoptagelse for stereogengivelse, hvor lyden optages af mikrofonpar, der er anbragt i afstand fra hinanden, og hvor de fra mikrofonerne afgivne signaler enten benyttes til registrering i en registre-5 ringsindretning, eller til umiddelbar gengivelse af signalerne.The invention relates to a method for sound recording for stereo reproduction, in which the sound is recorded by spaced microphone pairs and the signals emitted from the microphones are either used for registration in a recording device or for immediate reproduction of the signals.

Ved den kendte teknik for stereooptagelse benyttes der to i afstand fra hinanden anbragte mikrofoner eller mikrofonsystemer. Den gennem de forskellige mikrofoner eller mikrofonsy-10 stemer optagne lyd gengives af forskellige højttalere. Tilhørere, der befinder sig i afstand fra højttalerne, opfatter gengivelsen som rumlig. Tilhørernes opfattelse af lyden svarer imidlertid ikke fuldstændigt til den opfattelse, man ville få, hvis man befandt sig i optagelsesstudiet. Dette skyl-15 des dels, at der ved gengivelsen kan optræde en modsat rettet efterklangvirkning, og dels at tilhøreren hører den fra hver af højttalerne kommende lyd med begge ører. Selv om den sædvanlige stereogengivelse indebærer en betydelig forbedring i forhold til monogengivelse, så er stereogengivelsen dog ik-20 ke perfekt.In the prior art stereo recording, two spaced microphones or microphone systems are used. The sound recorded through the different microphones or microphone systems 10 is reproduced by different speakers. Audiences who are away from the speakers perceive the rendering as spatial. However, the audience's perception of the sound does not completely match the perception one would have if they were in the recording studio. This is due in part to the fact that during the playback there may be an opposite reverberating effect, and partly that the listener hears the sound coming from each of the speakers with both ears. Although the usual stereo rendering involves a significant improvement over mono rendering, however, the stereo rendering is not perfect.

En forbedring af den sædvanlige stereoteknik er opnået ved hjælp af en optageteknik, der er kendt som Sennheiser-me-toden, hvor der er anvendt et mikrofonpar af den såkaldte "kunstig-hoved-type". Et sådant kunstigt hoved har form som 25 et menneskes hoved, idet der på ørernes plads er anbragt mikrofoner. De gennem disse mikrofoner opfangede signaler registreres enkeltvis eller videresendes enkeltvis og gengives enkeltvis i høretelefoner eller højttalere. Gengivelsen og aflytningen af en lyd optaget ved hjælp af et kunstigt 30 hoved ved hjælp af hovedtelefoner er næsten ideel. Den lyd, der opfattes af en venstre mikrofon i det kunstige hoved, bliver derved gengivet i den venstre højttaler i hovedtelefonen og omvendt. Tilhøreren har derved det indtryk, at han befinder sig på det kunstige hoveds plads. Når den lyd, 35 der optages af det kunstige hoved, gengives via to højtta- 143090 2 lere, går det idelle lydbillede imidlertid tabt, eftersom tilførerens ene øre også hører den lyd fra højttalerne, der egentlig kun var bestemt for det andet øre. Derved bliver stereogengivelsen uheldigt påvirket, og retningsvirkningen 5 delvis maskeret.An improvement of the usual stereo technique has been achieved by a recording technique known as the Sennheiser method, where a so-called "artificial-head type" microphone pair is used. Such an artificial head has the shape of a human head, with microphones placed in the ears. The signals received through these microphones are individually recorded or forwarded individually and reproduced individually in headphones or speakers. The reproduction and listening of a sound recorded using an artificial 30 head using headphones is almost ideal. The sound perceived by a left microphone in the artificial head is thereby reproduced in the left speaker of the headphone and vice versa. The audience thus has the impression that he is in the place of the artificial head. However, when the sound recorded by the artificial head is reproduced via two loudspeakers, the ideal sound image is lost, since the one ear of the listener also hears the sound from the speakers which was really intended only for the other ear. Thereby the stereo reproduction is adversely affected and the directional effect is partially masked.

Formålet med opfindelsen er at anvise en fremgangsmåde til stereofonisk lydoptagelse, og som muliggør en mere perfekt gengivelse. Dette formål opnås ifølge opfindelsen ved, at der til registreringen benyttes mindst to i indbyrdes afstand 10 anbragte mikrofonpar af "kunstig-hoved-typen", og som er således sammenkoblede, at signaler fra mikrofoner på de tilsvarende sider af de kunstige hoveder adderes og benyttes til registrering eller umiddelbar gengivelse.The object of the invention is to provide a method for stereophonic sound recording, which enables a more perfect reproduction. This object is achieved according to the invention by the use of at least two "artificial-head type" spaced-apart microphone pairs 10 which are interconnected so that signals from microphones on the corresponding sides of the artificial heads are added and used. for registration or immediate reproduction.

Krav 2-4 angår hensigtsmæssige foranstaltninger i forbindel-15 se med fremgangsmåden.Claims 2-4 relate to appropriate measures in connection with the method.

Opfindelsen angår også et apparat til udøvelse af fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen til lydoptagelse for stereogengivelse omfattende mikrofoner og organer til behandling af de af mikrofonerne modtagne signaler, eller umiddelbar gengivelse 20 signalerne. Apparatet er ejendommelig ved, at mindst to mikrofonpar af typen "kunstig-hoved" er således koblede, at signalerne fra de tilsvarende sider af mikrofonparrerne adderes og afgives som et kombineret signal for viderebehand-ling. Derved opnås et særligt hensigtsmæssigt apparat.The invention also relates to an apparatus for practicing the method according to the invention for sound recording for stereo reproduction comprising microphones and means for processing the signals received by the microphones, or immediate reproduction of the signals. The apparatus is characterized in that at least two "head" type microphone pairs are coupled such that the signals from the corresponding sides of the microphone pairs are added and output as a combined signal for further processing. Thereby a particularly suitable apparatus is obtained.

25 Opfindelsen skal nærmere forklares i det følgende under henvisning til tegningen, hvor fig. 1 viser et apparat ifølge opfindelsen til stereooptagelse, uden at kompatibilitetskravet er opfyldt, og fig. 2 en opstilling med to mikrofonpar af typen "kunstig-ho-30 ved", og hvor kompatibilitetskravet er opfyldt.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in which 1 shows an apparatus according to the invention for stereo recording, without the compatibility requirement being met, and fig. 2 shows a set of two "high-head" type microphone pairs, where the compatibility requirement is met.

3 1A30903 1A3090

Fig. 1 viser to kunstige hoveder eller mikrofonpar 1 og 2, der er anbragt i afstand fra hinanden. Afstanden mellem de to mikrofonpar er ikke kritisk og kan vælges efter optagelsens art. Sædvanlige afstande varierer mellem 2,5 og 4 me-5 ter. I den viste opstilling er mikrofonparrene anbragt med akserne konvergerende, d.v.s. således, at akserne næsten definerer en ligebenet trekant. Trekantens basis udgøres af forbindelseslinien mellem de to kunstige hoveder 1 og 2. Det ene ben udgøres af den forlængede forbindelseslinie mellem 10 mikrofonerne 3 og 4, der er anbragt på hver sin side af det kunstige hoved 1, medens det andet ben udgøres af den forlængede forbindelseslinie mellem mikrofonerne 5 og 6, der er anbragt på hver sin side af det kunstige hoved 2. Trekanten er i fig. 1 vist stiplet.FIG. 1 shows two artificial heads or microphone pairs 1 and 2 spaced apart. The distance between the two microphone pairs is not critical and can be selected according to the nature of the recording. Usual distances vary between 2.5 and 4 meters. In the arrangement shown, the microphone pairs are arranged with the axes converging, i.e. so that the axes almost define a straight triangle. The base of the triangle is made up of the connecting line between the two artificial heads 1 and 2. One leg is formed by the extended connecting line between the microphones 3 and 4, which are arranged on each side of the artificial head 1, while the other leg is made up of the extended connecting line between the microphones 5 and 6 disposed on each side of the artificial head 2. The triangle is shown in FIG. 1 shown in dotted line.

15 De kunstige hoveder eller mikrofonpar er kendte. Mikrofonparrene kan f.eks. være af typen Sennheiser "MKE 2002". Disse mikrofoners egenskaber er omtalt i tidsskriftet "HiFi-Stereophonie", nr. 5, maj 1975, side 531 ff.15 The artificial heads or microphone pairs are known. The microphone pairs can e.g. be of the Sennheiser type "MKE 2002". The characteristics of these microphones are discussed in the journal "HiFi-Stereophonie", No. 5, May 1975, page 531 et seq.

Lydsignaler opfanget af mikrofonen 3, ledes videre til et 20 blandekredsløb 7. Det af mikrofonen 5 modtagne signal bliver ligeledes videreført til blandekredsløbet 7. Ved udgangen af kredsløbet 7 fremkommer et blandingsignal, der føres videre til en behandlingsdel 9. De af mikrofonerne 4 og 6 modtagne signaler føres ligeledes videre til et blandekredsløb 25 8, hvor de blandes. Det på udgangen af kredsløbet 8 fremkom ne signal tilføres ligeledes til behandlingsdelen 9. Opbygningen af behandlingsdelen 9 afhænger af den ønskede anvendelse af apparatet. Når apparatet anvendes til at registrere den optagne lyd i en registreringsindretning, er delen 9 til 30 bestemmelse af signalerne fra blandekredsløbene 7 henholdsvis 8 opbygget på kendt måde. Disse signaler kan enten registreres enkeltvis eller i et spor ved hjælp af forskellige komponenter.Audio signals intercepted by the microphone 3 are passed to a mixing circuit 7. The signal received by the microphone 5 is also passed to the mixing circuit 7. At the output of the circuit 7 a mixing signal is forwarded to a processing section 9. The microphones 4 and 6 received signals are also passed to a mixing circuit 25 8 where they are mixed. The signal produced at the output of circuit 8 is also applied to the processing part 9. The structure of the processing part 9 depends on the desired use of the apparatus. When the apparatus is used to record the recorded sound in a recording device, the parts 9 to 30 are determined by the signals from the mixing circuits 7 and 8 respectively constructed in known manner. These signals can be recorded either individually or in a track using various components.

Kredsløbene 7 og 8 indeholder én tilslutning, hvortil lederen 35 der tilfører signalerne fra mikrofonerne 3 og 5,og lederen, 143090 4 der tilfører signaler fra mikrofonerne 4 og 6, er sluttet.The circuits 7 and 8 contain one connection to which the conductor 35 which supplies the signals from the microphones 3 and 5 and the conductor, 143090 4 which supplies the signals from the microphones 4 and 6, is connected.

Pra tilslutningen løber en leder, gennem hvilken det kombinerede signal føres til en indretning, hvor en vidersignalbe-handling foregår. Som tidligere nævnt, omfatter blandingen 5 kun en additiv kombination af de indkommende signaler.At the junction, a conductor runs through which the combined signal is passed to a device where a forward signal processing is carried out. As previously mentioned, the mixture 5 comprises only an additive combination of the incoming signals.

Når apparatet anvendes til radioudsendelser, indeholder delen 9 indretninger, som gør det muligt af udsende såvel signalerne fra blandekredsløbene 7 og 8 som stereosignaler.When the apparatus is used for radio broadcasts, the portion 9 contains devices which enable the output of both the signals from the mixing circuits 7 and 8 as well as stereo signals.

Sådanne indretninger kan i et radiostudie være kendte indret-10 ninger til omfattende filterkredsløbe m.v.. Desuden kan der være indrettet organer, som på sædvanlig måde bibringer signalet en ønsket effekt. Alle disse processer følger imidlertid fakultativt, efter at signalerne på den beskrevne måde er additivt kombinerede.Such devices may in a radio study be known devices for extensive filter circuits, etc. In addition, there may be arranged means which in the usual way impart a desired effect to the signal. However, all these processes follow optionally after the signals are additively combined in the manner described.

15 Ved gengivelse af den optagne lyd bliver signalerne fra blandekreds løbene 7 og 8 alt efter behov gengivet i højttalere eller hovedtelefoner. Lyd, der er optaget på denne måde og gengivet i højttalere, giver et betydeligt bedre rumligt indtryk end lyd, optaget på kendt måde, medens en gengivelse i 20 hovedtelefoner svarer til en gengivelse, hvor lyden er optaget med en standard"kunstig-hoved-stereoteknik".15 When reproducing the recorded sound, the signals from the mixing circuits 7 and 8 are reproduced as necessary in speakers or headphones. Sound recorded in this way and reproduced in speakers gives a significantly better spatial impression than sound recorded in a known way, while a 20 headphone reproduction is equivalent to a reproduction where the sound is recorded with a standard "artificial-head" sound. stereo technique ".

Pig. 2 viser et såkaldt "kunstigt hoved" 11, der omfatter mikrofonerne 12 og 13. I nærheden af dette mikrofonpar af "kun-stig-hoved”-typen er der et andet kunstigt hoved 14, der om-25 fatter mikrofonerne 15 og 16. De kunstige hoveder 11 og 14 er f.eks. af samme type som beskrevet i forbindelse med fig.Pig. 2 shows a so-called "artificial head" 11 comprising the microphones 12 and 13. In the vicinity of this "only-step-head" type microphone there is another artificial head 14 comprising the microphones 15 and 16. For example, the artificial heads 11 and 14 are of the same type as described in connection with FIGS.

1. De kunstige hoveder 11 og 14 er monteret således, at deres akser 17 og 18 divergerer. Akserne skærer hinanden i en spids vinkel. Når de kunstige hoveder 11 og 14 er anbragt 30 næsten over hinanden, danner deres akser en passende vinkel.1. The artificial heads 11 and 14 are mounted so that their axes 17 and 18 diverge. The axes intersect at an acute angle. When the artificial heads 11 and 14 are disposed nearly above each other, their axes form a suitable angle.

Den information, der opfanges gennem mikrofonen 12 i det kunstige hoved 11, kommer i hovedsagen fra informationsområdet foran mikrofonen og til venstre for aksen 17. På tilsvarende måde opfanger mikrofonen 15 på det kunstige ho- 143090 5 ved 14 i hovedsagen information fra området L^ foran mikrofonen og til venstre for aksen 18. Mikrofonerne 13 og 16 opfanger i hovedsagen information fra området henholdsvis R2 til venstre for aksen 17 henholdsvis 18 og foran mikrofonerne 5 13 henholdsvis 16. Alle mikrofonerne opfanger selvfølgelig information fra området bag dem. Da mikrofonerne er rettet imod området foran dem, opfattes informationen fra området bag dem med en ringere vægt. Områderne bag mikrofonerne er betegnet med L3 (for mikrofonen 12), R^ (mikrofonen 12), 10 (mikrofonen 15) og R^ (mirkofonen 16).The information captured through the microphone 12 in the artificial head 11 comes essentially from the information area in front of the microphone and to the left of the axis 17. Similarly, the microphone 15 on the artificial head captures at 14 substantially information from the area L ^ in front of the microphone and to the left of the axis 18. The microphones 13 and 16 generally capture information from the region R2, respectively, to the left of the axis 17 and 18, respectively, and in front of the microphones 5 13 and 16. Of course, all the microphones capture information from the area behind them. Since the microphones are aimed at the area in front of them, the information from the area behind them is perceived with a lesser weight. The areas behind the microphones are designated L3 (for the microphone 12), R ^ (the microphone 12), 10 (the microphone 15) and R ^ (the microphone 16).

Det er underforstået at fremstillingen af informationsområdet i figuren kun er skematisk. I virkeligheden opfatter mikrofonerne lyd fra mange andre områder. Også lyd fra områderne uden for de med L og R betegnede områder kan opfattes af hver 15 af mikrofonerne, men ved opstillingen af mikrofonerne er bidraget af sådanne lyde til det samlede af en mikrofonopfanget informationsmængde kun af mindre betydning.It is understood that the presentation of the information area in the figure is only schematic. In reality, the microphones perceive sound from many other areas. Also, sound from the areas outside the areas designated by L and R can be perceived by every 15 of the microphones, but in the arrangement of the microphones, the contribution of such sounds to the overall of a microphone-captured information volume is only of minor importance.

Mikrofonparrene 11 og 14 er ved en udformning af fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen, hvor kompatibilitetskravet er opfyldt, 20 opbygget på en sådan måde, at de informationsområder, der opfanges af mikrofonerne 13 og 15, er næsten overlappende, da informationen når begge mikrofonerne på næsten samme måde.The microphone pairs 11 and 14, in a design of the method according to the invention in which the compatibility requirement is fulfilled, 20 are constructed in such a way that the information areas captured by the microphones 13 and 15 are almost overlapping, since the information reaches both the microphones in almost the same way. .

I fig. 2 er dette vist ved at området R^ næsten falder sammen med området L^t og området R^ for størstedelens vedkom-25 mende stemmer overens med området L^. En optagelse med denne opstilling er særlig egnet ved gengivelse gennem normale monoapparater, eftersom "midterinformationen" fra området for og bag opstillingen optages med størst vægt. En god stereogengivelse er alligevel mulig, da et venstre informa-30 tionsområde og et højre informationsområde bliver stående, hvis information optages enkeltvis (af mikrofonerne 12 henholdsvis 16) .In FIG. 2, this is shown by the fact that the region R ^ almost coincides with the region L ^ t and the region R ^ for the most part corresponds to the region L ^. A recording with this arrangement is particularly suitable for reproduction through normal mono devices, since the "center information" from the area before and behind the array is recorded with the greatest weight. Nevertheless, a good stereo rendering is possible since a left information area and a right information area remain standing if information is recorded individually (by microphones 12 and 16, respectively).

Det er underforstået, at fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen ligeledes kan benyttes med mere end to mikrofonpar. I sær-35 deleshed i store rum kan to kunstige hoveder være utilstræk-It is understood that the method of the invention can also be used with more than two microphone pairs. Particularly in large rooms, two artificial heads may be inadequate.

Claims (3)

143090 keligt. Man kan også anvende en hel kæde af mikrofonpar. Ved et optagesystem, der opfylder kompatibilitetskravet, skal en sådan kæde bestå af et par kunstige hoveder, der er anbragt i nærheden af og overfor hinanden. 5 Patentkrav.143090 cool. You can also use a whole chain of microphone pairs. In a recording system that meets the compatibility requirement, such a chain must consist of a pair of artificial heads positioned near and opposite each other. 5 Patent claims. 1. Fremgangsmåde til lydoptagelse for stereogengivelse, hvor lyden optages af mikrofonpar (3, 4, 5, 6), der er anbragt i afstand fra hinanden, og hvor de fra mikrofonerne afgivne signaler enten benyttes til registrering i en registrerings- 10 indretning, eller til umiddelbar gengivelse af de modtagne signaler, kendetegnet ved, at der til registreringen benyttes mindst to i indbyrdes afstand anbragte mikrofonpar (3, 4; 5, 6) af "kunstig-hoved-typen", og som er således sammenkoblede, at signaler fra mikrofoner på de til- 15 svarende sider af de kunstige-hoveder adderes og benyttes til registrering eller umiddelbar gengivelse.A method of audio recording for stereo reproduction, wherein the sound is recorded by microphone pairs (3, 4, 5, 6) spaced apart and the signals emitted from the microphones are either used for recording in a recording device, or for immediate reproduction of the received signals, characterized in that at least two mutually spaced "artificial-head" microphone pairs (3, 4; 5, 6) are used, which are interconnected so that signals from microphones on the corresponding sides of the artificial heads are added and used for recording or immediate reproduction. 2. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at mikrofonparrene (3, 4J 5, 6) er således anbragt, at der dannes en i hovedsagen ligebenet trekant, hvis basis udgøres 20 af de to mikrofonpars forbindelseslinie, og hvis to ben udgøres af de forlængede forbindelseslinier imellem hver af de to pars mikrofoner.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the microphone pairs (3, 4J 5, 6) are arranged such that a substantially triangular triangle is formed, the base of which is formed by the connecting line of the two microphone pairs and whose two legs are constituted by the extended connecting lines between each of the two pairs' microphones. 3. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at de i hvert fald to par af mikrofoner af typen "kunstig- 25 hoved" opstilles og arrangeres i så ringe afstand fra hinanden, at det rumlige informationsområde, der opfanges af den ene mikrofon i det første mikrofonpar, for en stor dels vedkommende er i hovedsagen identisk med det informationsområde, der opfanges af den mikrofon, der ikke er anbragt på den sam- 30 me måde i det andet mirkofonpar, medens den anden mikrofon i det første mikrofonpar og den anden mikrofon i det andet mikrofonpar opfanger i hovedsagen ikke overlappende informationsområder .Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least two pairs of "artificial head" type microphones are arranged and arranged at such a distance from each other that the spatial information area captured by one microphone in the first microphone pairs, to a large extent, are essentially identical to the information area captured by the microphone not disposed in the same way in the second microphone pair, while the second microphone in the first microphone pair and the second microphone in the second microphone pair, in the main, does not capture overlapping information areas.
DK501075A 1974-11-08 1975-11-07 PROCEDURE FOR SOUND RECORDING FOR Stereo Rendering AND APPARATUS FOR EXERCISING THE PROCEDURE DK143090C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7414600 1974-11-08
NL7414600A NL7414600A (en) 1974-11-08 1974-11-08 Stereo recording system using two artificial heads - microphone outputs for each ear added left to left and right to right (BE070576)
NL7511506 1975-09-30
NL7511506A NL7511506A (en) 1975-09-30 1975-09-30 Stereo recording system using two artificial heads - microphone outputs for each ear added left to left and right to right (BE070576)

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DK501075A DK501075A (en) 1976-05-09
DK143090B true DK143090B (en) 1981-03-23
DK143090C DK143090C (en) 1981-11-09

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AT (1) AT350295B (en)
CH (1) CH610168A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2549849A1 (en)
DK (1) DK143090C (en)
FR (1) FR2290815A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1503400A (en)
LU (1) LU73756A1 (en)
NO (1) NO144405C (en)
SE (1) SE412830B (en)

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JPS5843959B2 (en) * 1977-04-04 1983-09-30 日本ビクター株式会社 Binaural signal recording device
GB2276298A (en) * 1993-03-18 1994-09-21 Central Research Lab Ltd Plural-channel sound processing
EP3850618B1 (en) * 2018-09-13 2023-01-25 Harman Becker Automotive Systems GmbH Silent zone generation

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NO753737L (en) 1976-05-11
ATA850275A (en) 1978-10-15
LU73756A1 (en) 1976-09-06
DK501075A (en) 1976-05-09
CH610168A5 (en) 1979-03-30
FR2290815B1 (en) 1982-03-26
DK143090C (en) 1981-11-09
FR2290815A1 (en) 1976-06-04
GB1503400A (en) 1978-03-08
SE7512536L (en) 1976-07-10
NO144405C (en) 1981-08-19
NO144405B (en) 1981-05-11
JPS5170601A (en) 1976-06-18
DE2549849A1 (en) 1976-05-13
AT350295B (en) 1979-05-25
SE412830B (en) 1980-03-17

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