DK142442B - Enzyme preparation for use in regulating the maturation process in herring. - Google Patents

Enzyme preparation for use in regulating the maturation process in herring. Download PDF

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DK142442B
DK142442B DK598871AA DK598871A DK142442B DK 142442 B DK142442 B DK 142442B DK 598871A A DK598871A A DK 598871AA DK 598871 A DK598871 A DK 598871A DK 142442 B DK142442 B DK 142442B
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herring
enzyme
preparation
maturation
enzyme preparation
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DK142442C (en
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Caj Eriksson
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Foodia Ab
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(11) FREMLÆ6GELSESSKRIFT 142^42 DANMARK (Bi) lot. Cl.3 A 23 B 4/00 UMmvlMni\ C 12 N 9/00 §(21) Antegning nr. 5988/71 (22) Indleveret den 7 · dec . 1 971 (24) Lebedag 7· deC. 1971 (44) Antegningen fremlagt og fremlasggelsesskriftet offentfiggjørt den 5 · HOV. 1 980(11) PUBLICATION MANUAL 142 ^ 42 DENMARK (Bi) lot. Cl.3 A 23 B 4/00 UMmvlMni \ C 12 N 9/00 § (21) Note No. 5988/71 (22) Filed on 7 · Dec. 1 971 (24) Life Day 7 · deC. 1971 (44) The note presented and the writ of publication published on 5 · HOV. 1 980

DIREKTORATET FORDIRECTORATE OF

PATENT-OG VAREMÆRKEVÆSENET (3°) Prioritet begæret fra denPATENT AND TRADEMARK (3 °) Priority requested from it

7. dec. 1970, 16516/70, SEDec 7 1970, 16516/70, SE

(71) POODIA AB, 245 00 Staff ane torp, SE.(71) POODIA AB, 245 00 Staff ane torp, SE.

(72) Opfinder: Caj Eriksson, Næver lur svaegen 1, 455 00 Moelnlycke, SE.(72) Inventor: Caj Eriksson, Fists lur svaegen 1, 455 00 Moelnlycke, SE.

(74) Fuldmægtig under sagens behandling:(74) Plenipotentiary in the proceedings:

Ingeniørfirmaet Lehmann & Ree.The engineering firm Lehmann & Ree.

(54) Enzymprseparat til hrug ved regulering af modningsprocessen i sild.(54) Enzyme preparation for use in regulating the maturation process in herring.

Den foreliggende opfindelse angår et enzympræparat til brug ved regulering af modningsprocessen i sild.The present invention relates to an enzyme composition for use in regulating the maturation process in herring.

Udbudet af sild af passende kvalitet er blevet stadig mere usikker og uensartet. Islandske sild, der fanges fra juli og til midten af september, frembyder normalt ikke nogen problemer ved modningen med undtagelse af den mulighed, at de kan modne alt for hurtigt.The supply of herring of appropriate quality has become increasingly uncertain and disparate. Icelandic herring caught from July to mid-September usually does not present any maturation problems, with the exception that they may mature too quickly.

Den sild, der fanges senere i oktober-december, modner meget langsomt og uensartet, og det er denne senere fangede sild, der nu udgør en stor del af råvaren til sildekonservering.The herring caught later in October-December matures very slowly and unevenly, and it is this later-caught herring that now forms a large part of the herb preservation raw material.

I Chemical Abstracts, 63_, spalte 10578 S er omtalt et enzympræparat til brug ved modning af sild. Dette kendte præparat, der er fremstillet ud fra mikroorganismer, har en stærk amylaseaktivitet og fremkalder en uakceptabel smag og konsistens. Ydermere kan der ved 2 142442 anvendelse af dette præparat fremkaldes allergiske reaktioner hos de personer, som konsumerer den modnede sild.In Chemical Abstracts, 63, column 10578 S discloses an enzyme preparation for use in herring maturation. This known preparation, made from microorganisms, has a strong amylase activity and produces an unacceptable taste and consistency. Furthermore, by the use of this preparation, allergic reactions may be induced in the persons consuming the ripened herring.

Det er kendt, at indvoldene har stor betydning for sildens modning. Det er således de indvolde, der efterlades i sildens bughule, der påvirker og fremskynder modningen. Ved forsøg har det vist sig, at modningen kan fremskyndes, hvis der til silden sættes en del af de udrensede indvolde. En sådan tilsætning fremskynder imidlertid modningen på en ikke-kontrolleret måde.It is known that the intestines are of great importance for the maturation of the herring. It is thus the viscera left in the herring's abdominal cavity that affect and accelerate maturation. In experiments, it has been found that ripening can be accelerated if a part of the purified viscera is added to the herring. However, such an addition speeds up the ripening in an uncontrolled manner.

Det har hidtil været antaget, at man kun kan opnå en tilfredsstillende modning af sild inden for en normal modningsperiode på 4-6 måneder, såfremt der anvendes sild med et givet fedtindhold eller med en givet ernæringstilstand. Dette forhold har bevirket, at råvarerne har måttet vælges under nøje hensyntagen til sildenes størrelse og fangstplads samt det tidspunkt på året, hvorpå de er fanget.It has hitherto been assumed that a satisfactory maturation of herring can be achieved within a normal maturation period of 4-6 months only if herring is used with a given fat content or with a given nutritional state. This has meant that the raw materials have had to be selected with due regard to the size and catch location of the herring and the time of year in which they were caught.

Formålet med opfindelsen er at tilvejebringe et enzympræparat af den i indledningen omtalte art, hvormed man uafhængig af den anvendte råvare på kontrolleret måde kan fremskynde modningsprocessens forløb og inden for den normalt anvendte modningstid kan opnå et slutprodukt med samme egenskaber som de traditionelt fremstillede modningsprodukters .The object of the invention is to provide an enzyme preparation of the kind mentioned in the introduction, which, independently of the raw material used, can accelerate the process of the ripening process in a controlled manner and, within the normally used ripening time, can obtain a final product with the same properties as the traditionally produced ripening products.

Dette formål opnås med enzympræparatet ifølge opfindelsen, hvilket præparat er ejendommeligt ved, at det er fremstillet af indvolde af sild fanget fra juli til midten af september ved formaling, affedtning ved ekstraktion og tørring af ekstraktionsresten.This object is achieved with the enzyme preparation according to the invention, which is characterized in that it is made from viscera of herring trapped from July to mid-September by grinding, degreasing by extraction and drying the extraction residue.

Enzympræparatet ifølge opfindelsen fremstilles fortrinsvis ved, at indvolde, der hensigtsmæssigt er grovsorterede, sønderdeles ved formaling og derefter affedtes i et eller flere trin ved ekstraktion med et organisk opløsningsmiddel, såsom hexan, petroleumsether eller isopropanol, hvorhos der før og/eller efter affedtningen sker en tørring. De til fremstillingen benyttede indvolde bør indsamles på et tidspunkt, hvor enzymaktiviteterne er størst i forhold til mængden af mælk og rogn, nemlig fra juli til midten af september. Hvert enzympræparat har en bestemt indvirkning på modningen, og denne indvirkning bestemmes for hvert enkelt præparat. Ved i bestemte mængder at sætte dette præparat til silden før modningen, kan man fremskynde modningen og indstille modningshastigheden på en passende størrelse.Preferably, the enzyme composition of the invention is prepared by digesting, preferably coarsely sorted, viscera by grinding and then degreasing in one or more steps by extraction with an organic solvent such as hexane, petroleum ether or isopropanol, before and / or after degreasing. drying. The viscera used for the preparation should be collected at a time when the enzyme activities are greatest in relation to the quantity of milk and eggs, namely from July to mid-September. Each enzyme preparation has a specific effect on maturation and this effect is determined for each preparation. By adding this preparation to the herring in a certain amount before ripening, one can speed up the ripening and set the ripening speed to a suitable size.

Modningsprocessen kan styres ved ændring af temperaturen, idet det hensigtsmæssige temperaturinterval er fra -5°C til +20°C. Derhos er mængden af tilsat enzympræparat ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse det væsentlige reguleringsmiddel, og denne sker på en sådan måde, at 3 U2442 der opnås en passende modningstid. Ved regulering ved hjælp af det fra fisk opnåede enzympræparat opnås der en mere ensartet kvalitet, specielt med hensyn til konsistens, aroma, smag og hygiejne (lange modningstidsrum medfører en forøget mængde af bakterier og andre mikroorganismer) . Modningstidsrummets længde kan således forudbestemmes.The ripening process can be controlled by changing the temperature, with the appropriate temperature range being from -5 ° C to + 20 ° C. Therein, the amount of added enzyme preparation of the present invention is the major regulator, and this occurs in such a way that a suitable maturation time is obtained. By regulating with the enzyme preparation obtained from fish, a more uniform quality is achieved, especially in terms of consistency, aroma, taste and hygiene (long maturation times result in an increased amount of bacteria and other microorganisms). Thus, the length of the maturation period can be predetermined.

Som følge heraf er man ikke længere bundet til en bestemt råvare, der er fanget på et bestemt tidspunkt, og man er heller ikke bundet til råvarens behandling med hensyn til hovedafskæring, mave-fjernelse, bukseafskæring, frysning og filettering, d.v.s. fileter og frossen og optøet fisk kan nu bringes til at modne på normal måde. På denne måde løses der visse problemer ved transporten, og transportomkostningerne nedsættes. Dette er særlig vigtigt, da man i stadig højere grad er henvist til råvarer, der er fanget langt borte.As a result, one is no longer bound to a particular commodity that is caught at a particular time, nor is it bound to the commodity's processing with respect to head cutting, abdominal removal, pant cutting, freezing and filleting, i.e. fillets and frozen and thawed fish can now be ripened in the normal way. In this way, certain problems are solved during transport and the transport costs are reduced. This is particularly important, as raw materials are increasingly being caught far away.

Ved forsøg har man gennemført konsistensmåling af sild både ved hjælp af en subjektiv og en objektiv metode. Sildens konsistens er et mål for sildens modning. Ved forsøg med enzympræparatet ifølge opfindelsen er der opnået modningstidsrum, der svarer til de, der opnås for den bedste sild, hvorhos den opnåede kvalitet også har været den bedste. De benyttede mængder enzympræparat er hensigtsmæssigt 0,1-5,0 kg/100 kg sild (hovedafskåret og med fjernet mave), fortrinsvis 0,25-2,5 kg/100 kg sild.In experiments, the consistency measurement of herring has been carried out using both a subjective and an objective method. The consistency of the herring is a measure of the herring's maturation. In experiments with the enzyme preparation according to the invention, maturation periods have been obtained which correspond to those obtained for the best herring, the quality of which has also been the best. The amounts of enzyme preparation used are suitably 0.1-5.0 kg / 100 kg herring (main cut and abdominal removed), preferably 0.25-2.5 kg / 100 kg herring.

Enzympræparatets forskellige aktiviteter (deres størrelse) afhænger dels af præparatets oprindelse, fremstilling og alder, dels af den benyttede målemetode. Et enzympræparat, der med held er blevet anvendt, har udvist følgende enzymaktiviteter bestemt ved hjælp af standardmetoder:The different activities (their size) of the enzyme preparation depend partly on the origin, preparation and age of the preparation and partly on the method of measurement used. An enzyme preparation which has been successfully used has exhibited the following enzyme activities determined by standard methods:

Protease: 1 g af præparatet hydrolyserer 50-150 g casein pr. uge ved pH 7 og 22°C, når der foreligger stort overskud af casein,Protease: 1 g of the preparation hydrolyzes 50-150 g of casein per day. week at pH 7 and 22 ° C when there is a large excess of casein,

Lipase: 1 g af præparatet hydrolyserer 2-20 g spiseolie pr. uge ved pH 7 og 22°C, når der foreligger stort overskud af spiseolie,Lipase: 1 g of the preparation hydrolyzes 2-20 g of edible oil per day. per week at pH 7 and 22 ° C when there is a large excess of edible oil,

Amylase: 1 g af præparatet hydrolyserer 0,2-2 g kartoffel stivelse pr. uge ved pH 7 og 22°C, når der foreligger stort overskud af kartoffelstivelse.Amylase: 1 g of the preparation hydrolyzes 0.2-2 g of potato starch per day. per week at pH 7 and 22 ° C when there is a large excess of potato starch.

Forskellige præparater kan således adskille sig med hensyn til størrelsen af aktiviteterne, men det normale er, at forskelle i de anførte enzymaktiviteter er synkrone, d.v.s. at tilstrækkelig protease-aktivitet modsvares af høje lipase- og amylaseaktiviteter og omvendt.Thus, different compositions may differ in the size of the activities, but the normal is that differences in the enzyme activities listed are synchronous, i.e. that sufficient protease activity is offset by high lipase and amylase activities and vice versa.

4 1424424 142442

Det er vigtigt at bemærke, at de aktiviteter, der måles, ikke er de eneste faktorer, der er af betydning for sildemodningen, idet de alene tjener som indikator for præparatet som helhed.It is important to note that the activities being measured are not the only factors that are of importance to the herring maturity, as they merely serve as an indicator of the preparation as a whole.

Eksempel 1 1. Fremstilling af et enzympræparat, der her er benævnt clupatin.Example 1 1. Preparation of an enzyme preparation herein referred to as clupatin.

Udrensede sildeindvolde fra sild, der er fanget i juli-september, grovsorteres, således at der i påkommende tilfælde fjernes mælk og rogn og helst også mavesækken. De sorterede indvolde formales koldt, d.v.s. ved en temperatur, der ikke overstiger 30~35°C i en kødkværn og tørres (frysetørring, vakuumtørring eller fordampningstørring) til et restvandindhold på ca. 10$ ved temperaturer, der ikke overstiger 30°C. Det tørrede produkt udvaskes med et organisk opløsningsmiddel for at fjerne fedt (petroleumether, isopropanol, acetone, hexan) ved en temperatur af enzymmaterialet på højst 30°C. Produktet tørres til slut fra et fugtighedsindhold på ca. 10$ til et restfug-tighedsindhold på ca. 6$, hvorved der eventuelt kan anvendes en lidt højere temperatur end 30°C, f.eks. 35°C,og emballeres, eventuelt efter at være blandet med et fyldstof, der endvidere kan fungere som fugtighedsregulator. Opbevaring sker på et køligt og mørkt sted. Fyldstoffet kan f.eks. bestå af en salt-sukker-salpeterblanding, hvormed silden tilberedes. Fyldstoffet kan eventuelt have et indhold af en eller anden form for stivelse som fugtighedsregulator. Det kan også udgøres af et eller andet sædvanligt fyldstof, der anvendes indenfor levnedsmiddelindustrien.Purified herring intestines from herring caught in July-September are roughly sorted, so that when needed, milk and eggs are removed and preferably also the stomach. The sorted viscera are ground cold, i.e. at a temperature not exceeding 30 ~ 35 ° C in a meat grinder and dried (freeze drying, vacuum drying or evaporation drying) to a residual water content of approx. $ 10 at temperatures not exceeding 30 ° C. The dried product is washed with an organic solvent to remove fat (petroleum ether, isopropanol, acetone, hexane) at a temperature of the enzyme material not exceeding 30 ° C. The product is finally dried from a moisture content of approx. $ 10 for a residual moisture content of approx. 6 $, whereby a slightly higher temperature than 30 ° C may be used, e.g. 35 ° C, and are packaged, optionally after mixing with a filler, which can further act as a moisture regulator. Storage is done in a cool and dark place. The filler can e.g. consist of a salt-sugar-salt mixture with which the herring is prepared. The filler may optionally have a content of some kind of starch as a moisture regulator. It may also consist of some usual filler used in the food industry.

Præparatet indeholder et stort antal enzymer, hvoraf kun et fåtal er kendte. Præparatets evne til at styre modningsgraden bør dog kunne angives på en eller anden måde. Por at opnå dette kan man benytte sig af den samlede indgående proteaseaktivitet, der måles på dette. Som reference anvendes ren trypsin med fastlagt proteolytisk aktivitet og clupatinpræparatets aktivitet angives i et antal tryp-sinenheder pr. 100 g. Præparatets styrke i forhold til en kendt mængde trypsin måles på følgende måde: Tørmælk indføres i 5 mm tykke agarplader i petriskåle. Huller med en diameter på 5 mm tilvejebringes i pladen, og disse fyldes derefter med en kendt mængde enzympræparat opslæmmet i en vandopløsning. Pladen sættes i et varmeskab ved 37°C i et bestemt tidsrum. Enzymet diffunderer herved ud i det omgivende 142442 5 mælkemedium, og de tilstedeværende proteaser hydrolyserer mælkeproteinet, hvorved dette område bliver transparent. Diameteren for de tilvejebragte klarhedsområder står i direkte forhold til enzymmængden i de respektive huller. Denne metode er også hensigtsmæssig til at følge enzymaktiviteten i saltlage, der opstår ved tilberedning af sukkersaltet sild, der er tilsat ekstra enzym. Der kan også anvendes andre bestemmelsesmetoder, f.eks. en gravimetrisk bestemmelse af enzymets evne til på et vis tidsrum at nedbryde en bestemt mængde standardprotein.The composition contains a large number of enzymes, of which only a few are known. However, the ability of the preparation to control the degree of maturation should be indicated in some way. To achieve this, one can make use of the total input protease activity measured on this. For reference, pure trypsin with determined proteolytic activity is used and the activity of the clupatin preparation is indicated in a number of trypsin units per 100 g. The strength of the preparation relative to a known amount of trypsin is measured as follows: Dry milk is introduced into 5 mm thick agar plates in petri dishes. Holes with a diameter of 5 mm are provided in the plate and these are then filled with a known amount of enzyme preparation suspended in an aqueous solution. The plate is placed in a heating cabinet at 37 ° C for a set period of time. The enzyme thereby diffuses into the surrounding milk medium, and the proteases present hydrolyze the milk protein, thereby rendering this region transparent. The diameter of the clarity ranges provided is directly proportional to the amount of enzyme in the respective holes. This method is also suitable for monitoring the enzyme activity in brine that occurs when preparing the salted herring with added enzyme. Other methods of determination may also be used, e.g. a gravimetric determination of the enzyme's ability to break down a certain amount of standard protein over a period of time.

2. Modning af sild med forskellige enzympræparater.2. Maturation of herring with various enzyme preparations.

Ferske sild af størrelse nr. 1 befriedes for hovederne, hvorefter bughulerne åbnedes forsigtigt og rensedes omhyggeligt for samtlige indvolde og organer langs med rygraden med henblik på at fjerne alle andre enzymkilder end musklernes. Den således behandlede sild blev opdelt i 4 portioner og tilberedt på kendt måde med salt, sukker og salpeter. Til tre af portionerne sattes der samtidig med de øvrige bestanddele enten papain eller pankreatin eller clupatin, medens den resterende fjerde portion ikke blev tilsat noget ekstra. En femte portion blev også anbragt, hvor silden var blevet filetteret før tilberedningen. Til denne portion sattes der clupatin. Hver portion bestod af to identiske dele (dobbeltprøve) hver bestående af ca. 1,5 kg sild eller filet i flade beholdere, der er lakeret indvendig og forsynet med tætsluttende låg. Modningen foregik i kølerum ved 10°C og blev fulgt dels visuelt, dels gennem konsistensbedømmelse, dels gennem enzymmåling. Den afsluttende bedømmelse omfattede desuden prøvesmagning af rutinerede sildesmagsdommere. De opnåede resultater fremgår af nedenstående tabel, der viser, at andre enzympræparater end præparatet ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse (clupatin) giver uanvendelige produkter.Fresh herring of size # 1 was freed from the heads, after which the abdominal cavities were gently opened and carefully cleaned of all the viscera and organs along the spine to remove any enzyme sources other than the muscles. The herring thus treated was divided into 4 portions and prepared in known manner with salt, sugar and saltpeter. For three of the portions, either papain or pancreatin or clupatin was added at the same time as the other ingredients, while the remaining fourth portion was not added any extra. A fifth portion was also placed where the herring had been filleted before cooking. To this portion was added clupatin. Each portion consisted of two identical parts (double sample) each consisting of approx. 1.5 kg herring or fillet in flat containers that are lacquered inside and fitted with tight-fitting lids. The maturation took place in cold rooms at 10 ° C and was followed partly visually, partly through consistency assessment and partly through enzyme measurement. The final assessment also included tasting of experienced herring tasting judges. The results obtained are shown in the table below, which shows that enzyme preparations other than the preparation of the present invention (clupatin) yield useless products.

Eksempel 2.Example 2.

Industriel fremstilling.Industrial manufacture.

95 kg sild med afskåret hoved og fjernet mave, der er fanget i september, d.v.s. på et sådant tidspunkt, at der ikke opnås normal modning, tilberedes med 15 kg salt, 7 kg sukker og 175 g salpeter på i og for sig kendt måde i trætønder. Til salt^sukker-salpeterblandingen sættes der før tilberedningen 0,5 kg af det ifølge eksempel 1 fremstillede enzympræparat. Den tilberedte sild fik derefter lov til at henstå i 7 måneder ved 3-7°C. Den opnåede sild udviste da ved prøvning samme modningsgrad som sild af en optimal råvare, der er tilberedt på almindelig måde.95 kg herring with severed head and removed stomach caught in September, i.e. At such a time that normal ripening is not achieved, cook with 15 kg of salt, 7 kg of sugar and 175 g of saltpeter in a manner known per se in wooden barrels. To the salt-sugar-saltpeter mixture, 0.5 kg of the enzyme preparation prepared according to Example 1 is added before the preparation. The prepared herring was then allowed to stand for 7 months at 3-7 ° C. The herring obtained then, when tested, showed the same degree of maturation as herring of an optimum raw material prepared in the usual manner.

142442 6142442 6

Tabel.Table.

Bedømmelse af sild modnet med forskellige enzympræparater, 1)Assessment of herring matured with various enzyme preparations, 1)

Enzym Udseende Prøve Lugt KonsistensEnzyme Appearance Sample Smell Texture

Kontrol Normalt Rå, saltsild Muggen lage 2Control Normal Raw, salt herring The mugs make 2

Papain Unormalt Ej aceep- Unormal 5 tabel (bismag)Papain Abnormal Not Accept- Abnormal 5 Table (offset)

Pankreatin Unormalt Ej accep- Pladelugt 4 tabel (bismag)Pancreatin Abnormal Not Accepted- Plate Odor 4 Table (Taste)

Clupatin Normalt Acceptabel Lidt rå, men 3 iøvrigt normal 2)Clupatin Normally Acceptable Slightly raw, but 3 otherwise normal 2)

Clupatin Normalt Acceptabel Normal 5 (filetter) 1) Konsistensen blev bedømt efter en 5_trins skala, hvor 1 = meget hård = helt umodnet 2 = hård 3 = normal = normalt modnet 4 = løs 5 = meget løs = overmodnet.Clupatin Normal Acceptable Normal 5 (fillets) 1) The consistency was rated on a 5-step scale, where 1 = very hard = completely immature 2 = hard 3 = normal = normally matured 4 = loose 5 = very loose = overripe.

2) Prøve udtaget 1 måned tidligere blev bedømt som normal modning = 3.2) Sample taken 1 month earlier was rated as normal maturation = 3.

DK598871AA 1970-12-07 1971-12-07 Enzyme preparation for use in regulating the maturation process in herring. DK142442B (en)

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SE1651670 1970-12-07

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2052620A1 (en) * 2007-10-23 2009-04-29 "Deutsche See" GmbH Method for manufacturing fermented fish products

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO148207C (en) * 1981-04-15 1983-08-31 Kjell Opshaug PROCEDURE FOR ENZYMATIC QUICK REFRIGERATION OF SILD.

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2052620A1 (en) * 2007-10-23 2009-04-29 "Deutsche See" GmbH Method for manufacturing fermented fish products

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NO131629C (en) 1975-07-02
IS2045A7 (en) 1971-12-31

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