DEST005651MA - - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

Registration date: November 24, 1952 'Made famous on October 11, 1956

GERMAN PATENT OFFICE

The invention relates to a telegraph system with devices for sending, equalizing Transmission and reception of telegraph characters in a start-stop alphabet in which a Start-stop generator consisting of two tubes with capacitors between the anode of one tube and a grid of the other and vice versa, by applying voltage of starting polarity is left on at the input terminal for a certain minimum time, which then with periods of duration corresponding to the target duration of a step of a character, emits pulses, while after one of the number of steps of the sign he has the same number of impulses through it is shut down that a connection of one of the capacitors on the grid side with a Point of fixed potential is closed and in which the states of the outputs of the devices in the moments when the impulses appear, with the polarities of the successive ones Steps match.

Such a device for equalizing transmission is from British patent specification 655 728 known. In that device, however, a special delaying circuit is necessary in order to obtain that the start-stop generator decelerates

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is left on. This in turn is necessary to prevent that the device as a result of wrong start-up step is started.

Moreover, in this device the character is not stored as a whole, and it then serves also only for receiving and re-sending telegraph signals. A device for simply receiving (i.e. storing the character) the characters or simply sending them (one in the

ίο device stored character) is hereby not given.

The device according to the invention contains electronic circuits for storing a Character. It also contains means for overcoming the first-mentioned difficulty.

The invention is characterized in that the minimum time corresponds to the time that the capacitor of the start-stop generator is required to achieve the voltage at which the generator, emitting its first impulse after disconnecting from the plate with the Points of fixed potential begin to vibrate, with successive pulses one after the other make each tube of a manifold made up of tubes conductive and the start-stop generator when the last tube becomes conductive, the Tension from a point that masters the separation and closing of said connection, after a subsequent distribution pipe has become conductive for the first time by means of relay cells only from a voltage derived from the distributor is made dependent in such a way that for storage -. for each group step of the character a special circuit with at least two states is present and that the outputs of the device are controlled by means of relay cells from which the input terminals under the control of one hand of the polarities of the steps of the sign and on the other hand the voltages derived from the distributor.

Devices for receiving or sending telegraph characters in a start-stop alphabet according to the invention can be used in self-attaching telegraph systems. The calling subscriber should be able to send a number with the desired Participants to connect while. conversely, the Central Office will be able to do so is supposed to automatically send back characters, which information regarding the desired connection contain. When this connection has been made, the device must Received characters from one participant and 55. rectified them to another participant can send.

Devices according to the invention are further 'in TOR (Telegraph Over Radio) systems as so-called Extensors are used. In such a system the (e.g. five) are consecutively incoming steps each line. from such an extensor at the same time Fixed consideration of an alphabet conversion.

After this conversion, the (e.g. seven) ·· steps of the converted character are repeated one after the other sent via a second extensor.

The embodiment for receiving, for sending and which are described for receiving and re-sending telegraph characters. ,

The receiver is made up of the following components composed:

1. an amplifier circuit VS ₁ , which is used to provide the received telegraphing steps with rectangular edges and to give the amplitude .tude a certain value;

2. a start-stop circuit ^ .S "for starting and stopping the generator;

3. a generator circuit G of 50 Hz, which supplies the seven-fold distributor with surges of current;

4. a seven-way distributor 7 VV, which scans the telex at the right moments;

5. an amplifier circuit VS ₂ , which serves as an auxiliary circuit in the seven-fold distributor;

6. five memory circuits GS ₁ to GS ₅ , which store the result of the scans.

(Fig. 2 shows the aforementioned components in a block diagram.)

The transmitter comprises the components mentioned under 2, 3, 4 and 5 for the receiver and also

7. five input circuits IS ₁ to IS ₅ , which are set according to the five group steps of the character to be sent, and '

8. an output circuit F ^ ₃ which sends the character.

The equalizing transmission contains the components mentioned under 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 above in the sense that six instead of five memory circuits are provided.

The invention is illustrated with reference to FIGS described in detail:

Fig. Ι shows a telegraph in five-step Star't-S top alphabet;

Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the electronic receiver;

3 shows the so-called normal circuit (special flip-flop circuit) which is used for the components VS ₁ to VS ₃ , GS ₁ to GS _e and IS ₁ to IS ₅ ω;

Fig. 4 depicts grid currents and voltages at various points in the normal circuit as Function of the input voltage;

Fig. 5 shows the start-stop circuit; Fig. 6 shows the generator circuit;

Fig. 7 plots voltages at various points on the multivibrator circuit as a function of Time represents;

8 shows the circuit IV, part of the seven-way distributor;

9 shows the circuit V, part of the seven-fold distributor;

Fig. 10 gives curves for voltages at various points on the receiver as a function the time again;

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Fig. Ii shows the circuit diagram of the receiver again, in which the previously shown individually Circuits are indicated as rectangles;

Fig. 12 gives such a circuit diagram for the Channel,

13 shows such a circuit diagram for the equalizing transmission.

The figures are for the case of using telegraph characters from the five-step start-stop alphabet drawn. From the description given, however, circuits for characters in a start-stop alphabet with a Number of group steps can be derived.

The characters that are used in communication between .15 jump writers exist each of seven steps with a duration of 20 ms for each step (Fig. 1).

The first step of the telegraph sign, the so-called start-up step, is always a sign step; This initial step is followed by the step group, which consists of five group steps. Each group step can be a drawing step or a separation step. Then the locking step follows, which is always a step of separation.

The recipient of such a character is now considered first. The recipient will started by the startup step of the incoming character. With regard to disturbances in the Line, the start-up step must have a duration longer than 10 ms in order for the receiver to start up to have a consequence. If the receiver takes a wrong start (less than 10 ms) has received, he should immediately be able to neglect a new false start-up step or to address properly on a good start-up step.

30 ms after the start of a good start-up step, the momentary sampling of the first group step takes place of the sign. Then a following group step is scanned every 20 ms. The result of the scans is fixed in five memory circuits.

The duration of the receive cycle must be shorter than 140 ms, so that when receiving consecutively from a transmitter that is running too fast, the recipient uses this transmitter can keep up with the same pace. The size of the shortening of the reception cycle is determined by the amount to be compensated Speed deviation conditional. Shortening the cycle further has the disadvantage that the equalization capability of the receiver decreases.

In the case of the electronic receiver, the duration of the reception cycle can be reduced to a minimum of 130 ms can be set.

Fig. 2 gives a block diagram of the receiver. A description of the components follows below.

A circuit that has already been proposed is used for the components VS ₁ , VS ₂ and GS _{1 to CSV.} This circuit can be seen from FIG. 3. It consists of a double triode Bi _n , B I ₆ , a number of resistors and two glow lamps L ₁ , L ₂ . The tubes B i _a and B I ₆ have a common cathode resistor R ₁₅ , which is connected to the negative pole of the battery V. The parallel-connected resistors R ₁ and R ₂ or R _i and R ₅ , which are connected to the positive pole of the battery V , are provided as anode resistors. A voltage divider R ₆ ZR ₁₁ or R ₉ ZR ₁₉ , the other end of which is connected to the negative pole of the battery V , is connected to each anode. The taps 9 and 4 are the output terminals. The resistors R ₁₂ and R _1S are connected in series between the output terminals; the connection point between these resistors is point 6. Furthermore, two high-resistance voltage dividers R ₈ ZR ₁₆ and R ₁ IR _{11 are} attached, which are connected in parallel with the voltage dividers R ₆ ZR ₁₁ and R ₉ ZR _10. The tap of the voltage divider R ₈ ZR ₁₆ is connected to the control grid of the tube B I ₆ and at the same time via resistor A ₁₇ to point 6.

The tap 5 of the voltage divider R ₁ ZR ₁₄₁ is connected to point 6 via resistor R _13. The control grid of the tube 51 ₀ is connected to point 8 and via resistor _R10 with Section 7. The anode of tube B i _a is connected to point 10 and the anode of tube B I ₆ to point 3. The glow lamps Lj and L ₂ are also connected to these points. They are fed from the positive pole of battery V via resistor R _3.

If the control grid of the tube B i _{a is} strongly negative with regard to the cathode, then this tube does not carry any current, a positive voltage is applied to the control grid of the tube B i _b via the voltage divider R ₈ ZR ₁₆ . The tube ' B i _b is then conductive; the anode voltage of this tube is lower than that of the Si ₀ tube; the glow lamp L ₂ ignites and the glow lamp L ₁ goes out. The output terminal 9 has a higher voltage than the output terminal 4. The output terminal 6 has a voltage which lies in the middle between the voltages of the output terminals 9 and 4 (position).

If the potential of the control grid of the tube B i _a now rises, this tube becomes conductive at a certain value of this potential, as a result of which the tube B i _b becomes non-conductive. The glow lamp L ₁ ignites and L ₂ goes out. The output terminals 9 and 4 change the voltage (+ position)., The circuit is dimensioned in such a way that the transition from one position to the other occurs abruptly with a small change in the input potential at point 7. In both layers of the circuit, point 6 always has the same voltage because the resistors R ₁₂ and R _{18 are the} same. If the input terminal 7 has a voltage which is almost the same as the voltage of point 6, the circuit changes its state.

When the value of the resistors R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₁ , R ₅ , R ₆ , R ₉ , R ₁₁ , R ₁₂ , R ₁₈ and R ₁₉ = 39 kß, of R ₇ , R ₈ , R ₁₃ , R _u and R ₁₆ = ι ΜΩ, from R ₃ = 820 kß, from R ₁₀ = 470 kß, from R ₁₅ = . 15 kß and R ₁₁ = 270 kß and a battery with a voltage of 220 volts and an earthed - pole is used, the output terminals 9 and 4 have an input voltage which is lower than

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70 volts is a voltage of 80 and 60 volts; Terminal 6 has a voltage of 70 volts. If the input voltage is increased, the output voltages change at an input voltage of around 70.5 volts and assume values of 60 and 80 volts, for example. If the input voltage is increased further, the output terminals retain almost the same output voltages. If you lower the input voltage, the circuit returns to its original state at around 69.5 volts. In Fig. 4, the grid current of tube B I ₀ and voltages at various points in the circuit are shown as a function of the input voltage. If the output terminals 9 and 4 are loaded, the voltages at these terminals will change, and at the same time the voltage at point 6. As a result of the coupling of the control grid of the tube B i _b via resistor R ₁₇ to point 6 also occurs in this case a change in the input voltage, the circuit changing its state, in such a way that the input voltage. always lies in the middle between the voltages of the output terminals 9 and 4. If several circuits are to work together, the points 6 are connected to one another, as a result of which the voltage levels become approximately the same.

Terminal 5 is connected to large resistances; it can be connected to input terminal 7 thereby maintaining the state of the circuit after the controlling input voltage is taken away. The circuit has now become a so-called memory circuit. .

The generator and the start-stop circuit

The generator circuit used to control the seven-way distributor is one normal multivibrator circuit with a frequency of 50 Hz. The start-stop circuit is used to start the generator at the beginning of a character and at the end of a character shut down.

In Fig. 5 and 6, the start-stop circuit and the generator circuit are shown. There is a double triode in each circuit. The values of the resistances are in Fig. S: i? ₂₀ = R ₂₃ = 1.2 MiJ; R ₂₁ - 820 kß; R ₂₂ = 27 kΩ; and in Fig. 6: R ₂ , = R ₂₆ = R ₃₉ = R ₃₁ = 10 kβ; R ₂₅ = 680 kü; R ₂₇ = R ₂₉ = 1ΜΩ; R ₂₈ = R ₃₇ = 56 kβ;

R ₃₂ = A ₃₅ = 270 kΩ; R,

_{8 37} = R _M = 39

= R ₃₉ = 560 kü, and R ₃₈ = 47 kü. Capacitors C ₁ and C ₂ (Fig. 6) are approximately 20,000 pF. The voltage at the cathode of the double triode in the start-stop circuit (Fig. 5) is approximately 70 volts. If the control grid of the tube B2 _{a has} a voltage which is lower than 70 volts, this tube does not carry any current; consequently, the tube B 2 _b carries current. The resistor R _{97 of} the generator circuit (FIG. 6) is accommodated in the anode line of this last tube. As a result, the control grid of the tube B 3 _{a of} the generator now has the same negative potential with respect to the cathode that it also has when the tube 3 _a is non-conductive during the action of the multivibrator. The control grid of the tube B 2, _{b of} the generator is provided with a positive voltage via the resistors R _3i and R _29. This tube is conductive; the glow lamp L ₄ is ignited. The capacitors C ₁ and C ₂ have the same charge. If the voltage at the control grid of tube B2 _{a of} the start-stop circuit is increased, this tube becomes conductive and tube B2 _b non-conductive at approximately 70 volts grid voltage. The capacitor C ₁ now discharges through resistor R ₂₇ ; the control grid voltage of the tube B ^ ₀ increases. After 10 ms this tube becomes conductive; the voltage drop in the anode line is transmitted via capacitor C ₂ to the control grid of tube B 2, b , which makes this tube non-conductive. The capacitor C ₁ is now via the anode resistors R ₂₆ and i? ₃₁ quickly charged to the original high value. The control grid of the tube B 3 ₆ reaches the potential of the cathode again after 10 ms through the discharge of the capacitor C ₂ via resistor R ₂₉ , whereby this tube becomes conductive again and the tube Βτ> _α non-conductive, etc. To stop the generator, the tube must B2 _{a of} the start-stop circuit can be brought back into the non-conductive position by bringing the control grid voltage below 70 volts. Attention is drawn to the fact that if the tube B2 _{a of} the start-stop circuit becomes conductive for a period shorter than 10 ms, the tubes of the generator do not change the conduction state. However, this time period may, where necessary, shortened even in two ways or extended, firstly by selecting the various switching elements of the circuit so that at 1 °° current-carrying tube B2, the control grid of the tube _b f? 3 _fl a greater or receives a lower potential than this grid during the action of the multivibrator in the blocked state of the tube 5 3 _ß , or secondly, by taking the values of the capacitors C ₁ and C ₂ not equal, but so that the multivibrator with one frequency of 50 Hz works.

In Fig. 7, the potentials of points 3 and 8 of the circuit of FIG. 6, ¹¹ Q in the lower half, the potentials of points 10 and 5 of this circuit are indicated in the upper half, all four as a function of time, namely for the duration of a whole character. The difference between the potentials of the points. 3 and 8 shows _{the voltage on capacitor C 1} , the difference between the potentials of points 10 and 5 shows the voltage on capacitor C _2. The potential of the cathode of the generator is indicated with a dash-dot line. Also is indicated in Fig. 7 with dashed lines, what takes place in a wrong startup step.

The frequency of the generator can be adjusted by means of resistor R _i0.

The glow lamps L ₃ and L ₄ indicate which tube is conductive. Between points 9 and 4

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a non-linear resistor (NLR in Fig. Ii) is also attached, whereby voltage fluctuations of up to 10% of the battery V do not affect the operation of the circuit.

The sevenfold distributor

The sevenfold distributor has also already been proposed. It is composed of four tube circuits IV, V ₁ , V ₂ and V ₃ . 8 shows the IV circuit, and FIG. 9 shows the circuit of V ₁ , V ₂ and V ₃ .

In Fig. 8, the values of the resistances are: i? ₄₁ = 680 kß; R ₁₂ = R _iS = R _u = R ₅₀ = R ₅₁ = 39 kβ; = R _i5 = 150 kβ; R _ie = 33 kß; R _i7 = R _i8 = 15 kβ; R ₁₉ = 8.2 µm; and in Fig. 9:

52 53 55 56 57 58 59

= - ^ eo = ^ ₆₂ = - ^ ₆₃ = 39 kß; R ₅₁ = 6 So kß and A ₆₁ =. 8.2 m.

The relationship between the four circuits is given in Fig. Ii.

The taps 4 and 9 of the voltage dividers of the seven distributor tubes are each connected to a rail 1 to 7. The control grids of the seven distribution tubes S and 8 are each connected to all rails via six rectifiers G ₅ to G ₁₀ , etc., with the exception of the rail derived from the relevant tube. If one of the distribution tubes is conductive, all the other tubes receive a negative voltage at the control grid via a rectifier. Circuits generally exhibiting such an effect have also been proposed.

The input tube (B 4 _{a of} the IV circuit), the cathode of which is connected to the cathodes of the seven distributor tubes, has _{a negative grid} voltage via resistor R i5 and carries no current. Couplings, each consisting of a voltage divider R _ea , R _e7 (FIG. 11) and a capacitor C ₅ , are attached between the successive distribution pipes; these couplings connect the anode of a preceding tube to the control grid of a following tube. The capacitor connected to the anode of a conductive tube has a lower voltage than the other six capacitors. If a short positive current surge is now fed to the control grid of the input tube, the input tube takes over the current flowing through the cathode resistor R _IB; the seven distribution tubes, six of which were already non-conductive, now all become non-conductive and, after the current surge has disappeared from the control grid of the input tube, the next tube is opened by means of the capacitor charged to a lower voltage. From the generator _{circuits positive current surges are now applied every 20 ms to the control grid of the input tube via capacitor C 4} (FIG. 11), whereby each tube of the seven-fold distributor becomes conductive for 20 ms one after the other. When the negative pole of the battery is grounded, the voltages of the seven rails are 60 or 80 volts, depending on whether the tube in question is conductive or non-conductive.

The receiver as a whole is now considered.

The recipient

In Fig. 11 are the constituent parts described above Shown as rectangles for the sake of simplicity. The numbers in these rectangles correspond the numbers in the previous figures. First and foremost, it should be noted that points 6 the circuits are grounded. This gives the input level, with the circuit showing its state changes, brought to earth potential and the output voltages now have values of +10 and -10 volts to earth. The positive pole of the battery of 220 volts is with all with one + -Sign marked points and the negative pole connected to the terminals marked with -.

The + terminals now have a voltage of

+ 150 volts and the terminals a voltage

from -70 volts to earth.

The circuits VS ₁ , VS ₂ , GS ₁ to GS ₅ are circuits according to FIG. 3. The circuit SSS is according to FIG. 5. The circuit G is according to FIG. 6. The circuit IV is according to FIG ₁ , \ ⁷ ₂ and V ₃ are according to FIG. 9.

The incoming telex character is applied to input terminal I; this clamp has in the rest position a positive voltage to earth.

It is assumed that the seventh distributor tube (B5 _b in V ₃ ) is conductive; Rail 7 then has a negative voltage of 10 volts to earth. The other rails are 10 volts positive to earth. The control grid (point 7) of circuit VS ₂ is then negative. The output terminal 9 of this circuit is then positive and terminal 4 negative. With a positive input voltage of the circuit VS ₁ , terminal 9 is negative and terminal 4 is positive to earth.

Point a, which is connected to terminal 9 of VS ₁ and terminal 9 of VS _{2 via rectifiers G 1} and G ₂ , assumes the more negative voltage of the two points and is therefore negative. Point b receives a negative voltage from point α via rectifier G ₃ and also a negative voltage via rectifier G ₄ from terminal 4 of circuit VS ₂ . The tube B2 _{a of} the start-stop circuit 5 "5 ¹ S is therefore non-conductive and, as already described, the generator G is out of operation; no current surges are applied to the seven-fold distributor, and this is at the seventh step.

If a teletype character arrives via input terminal I, this input terminal becomes negative as a result of the start-up step. Point α becomes positive and thereby also point b. After 10 ms the generator changes the line status and feeds a positive current surge to _{the sevenfold distributor via capacitor C 4.} The sevenfold distributor goes from the seventh to the first step. Rail 7 goes positive and circuit VS ₂ changes its state. The positive voltage is transferred to point b via rectifier G ₄ .

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men. After this, the input voltage may become positive again; the generator continues to run. Every 20 ms the seven-fold distributor comes into the following position. The seven-way distributor jumps to the seventh step 130 ms after the start of the startup step; Point b now becomes negative regardless of the polarity of input terminal I; Terminal 4 of VS ₂ is immediately negative. Terminal 9 of this circuit was already negative and remains negative for some time _{through the capacitor C 3} , whereby point α also remains negative. The generator is now immediately shut down after the current surge for the seventh step has been delivered and returns to the rest position. After an adjustable period of time (size of the capacitor C ₃ ) point α comes back under the control of the input terminal I. If this terminal receives a negative voltage, the generator starts up again; however, it remains in the rest position as long as the input terminal is positive. By setting the delay by means of capacitor C ₃ to 5 ms, it is possible to receive a new character again 135 ms after the start of the start-up step. If the input terminal I has become negative before the end of this 135 msec due to the distortion of the character, the receiver waits until this 135 msec has passed and only then starts the new cycle. In the diagram (FIG. 10) line I represents the incoming character. The two following lines represent the potentials of points 4 and 9 of circuit VS ₁ . The current impulses at the input of the distributor are indicated below. Below this are the potentials of the seven distribution bars.

The above describes how the distributor performs a cycle for each character. Now will deals with the scanning of the character.

The moments in which the sevenfold distributor changes its state are always in the center of the sign's theoretical correct steps; these moments are used for scanning the group steps used.

The memory circuits G ^ ₁ to GS _& have become bistable trigger circuits by adding connections: between points 5 and 7. The principle of scanning is the same for each step and is only used for. the setting of the memory circuit CS _{1 is} considered.

The voltage dividers ^ g / ^ - 84 ^unc ^ - ^ 87 ^ 85 (Fig. 11) are chosen so that point c to earth has a negative voltage of 10 volts and point d to earth has a positive voltage of 10 volts.

The voltage at point e is equal to the more negative voltage at points c and g. Regardless of the input voltage at I, point e has a negative voltage as long as c remains negative. Point / has a voltage which is equal to the more positive voltage of points d and g , and since d is positive, point f has a positive voltage 'to earth. This voltage is also independent of the input voltage as long as d remains positive. The rectifiers G ₄₉ and G ₅₁ are non-conductive; the connection point h can assume any potential between - + - 10 and -10 volts. The memory circuit GS ₁ can therefore be in either of the two positions.

The anode lead of the first manifold is connected via resistor i? ₈₃ and capacitor C ₁₂ connected to point c . In the same way, the anode of the second manifold is connected to point d. 10 ms after the start of the start-up step, the first manifold becomes conductive and supplies point c with a negative current surge. This negative rush current makes point e even more negative. This has no effect. 30 ms after the start of the start-up step, the first tube becomes non-conductive again and the second tube becomes conductive. At that moment point c becomes positive and point d becomes negative. If the input terminal I and therefore also point g are positive, then point becomes «? positive; Point / remains positive.

If the memory circuit is in the positive position, it remains in the positive position.

If, on the other hand, it is in the negative position, it is brought into the positive position by _{means of rectifier G 49.}

When a negative input voltage is applied to I (g negative), point e remains negative and / becomes negative. If the memory circuit is in the positive position, it is brought into the negative position by _{means of the rectifier G 51.}

For the scanning of the second group step, the transition from the second distributor tube to the third manifold used etc. After the middle of the fifth group step are the five. Memory circuits in layers accordingly the polarities of the five group steps. The output terminals I to V give by means of a positive or negative potential, the location of the memory circuits.

The further treatment of the symbol has no connection with the invention. With a following Character, the old code is replaced by the new one.

It is still possible to scan the start-up step and the blocking step; In most cases, however, this does not make any sense, because the starting step no is always a character step and the blocking step is always a separating step. In Fig. 10 the setting of the memory circuits by specifying the potentials of the points c, d / i, jlk, Um, n / o and p and the potentials of the outputs I to V is shown.

The transmitter

The circuit diagram of the transmitter can be found in FIG. 12. The components already described are shown here as a rectangle for the sake of simplicity. Points 6 of the circuits are grounded again. The circuits VS ₂ , VS ₃ and IS ₁ to IS ₅ are normal circuits according to FIG. 3. The circuit 5 \ S \ S "is according to FIG. 5. The circuit G is according to FIG. 6.

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The circuit IV is shown in FIG. 8. The circuits V ₁ , V ₂ and V ₃ are shown in FIG. 9.

The transmitter is activated by applying a positive current impulse of at least 10 ms to the starter terminal 5 "put into action.

As a result, the distributor performs a cycle in the manner described for the recipient. The five input circuits IS ₁ to IS ₅ are created by applying a positive or negative voltage

set according to the five group steps. For a separation step this is a positive one, for one drawing step a negative voltage. How this is obtained is unrelated to the invention. The input terminal 7 of the output

output circuit VS ₃ (normal circuit) is connected to the six points a ² , b ² , c ² , d ² , e ² and / ² _{via six rectifiers G 108} , G ₁₁₀ , G ₁₁₃ , G ₁₁₆ , G ₁₁₉ and G ₁₂₂ , of which a ² via rectifier G ₁₀₇ with the first distribution rail and the five subsequent points b ² , c ² , d ² , e ² and '/ ² are each under the control of a distribution rail and an input circuit.

These points are only negative if the control cell (s) connected to these points a negative voltage is applied.

In the rest position of the transmitter, the distribution bar 7 is negative. The rails 1 to 6 are positive, so also the points α ² to f ² . The output circuit VS ₃ , which via rectifier with the

sen points is connected, is now at the output terminal U from a positive voltage.

If the transmitter is then started, the first manifold becomes conductive after 10 ms; the first distribution rail and also point a ² become negative for 20 ms. The output circuit is now there

a negative voltage (start-up step). After that

. the second manifold becomes conductive for 20 ms, and point b ² is placed in the opportunity to go negative. Due to its position, the input circuit IS ₁ applies a positive or a negative voltage to point b ² . With a positive input voltage, point b ² remains positive. A separation step is sent. If, on the other hand, the input circuit is brought into the other position, then

Point b ² and thus also the output terminal U 20 ms negative (character step).

One after the other, the input circuits are now scanned for 20 ms each and the associated ones Steps posted. If the sevenfold distributor comes to the seventh step, there will always be one positive voltage sent (separation step). It is of course also possible to arrange the transmitter in such a way that that the start-up step and the blocking step can be given both polarities; but in

in practice this is of no importance. The size of the capacitor C \, one plate of which is connected to the output 9 of VS ₂ and the other plate of which is grounded, is kept positive when the transmitter is working independently, ie S is constantly positive

is chosen so that the duration of the transmission cycle is 140 ms. If characters are sent again, this duration can be reduced to 135 ms by changing the size of C \, where necessary.

The equalizing transmission

13 shows the circuit diagram of the equalizing transmission. The components already mentioned are shown as rectangles.

Points 6 of the circuits are grounded again. The circuits VS ₁ , VS ₂ , VS ₃ and GS ₁ to GkS ₆ are normal circuits according to FIG. 3. The circuit vSv ^ vS "is according to FIG. 5. The circuit G is according to FIG. 6. The circuit IV is according to FIG 8. The circuits V ₁ , V ₂ and V ₃ are shown in FIG.

The character to be rectified is applied to input terminal I, after which the start-up step activates the multivibrator and the distributor in the manner described above and the group steps and this time also the blocking step determine the positions of the circuits GS ₁ to GS ₆ , which (see Sect . Fig. 10) always takes place 10 ms after the beginning of 80 of the reception of the relevant step. At the same instant, using the same relay cell effects as the transmitter, the step is sent again from the output circuit VS ₃ . A single GS circuit for the start-up step is not necessary, since when a start-up step is received, the transmission always comes into action and sends a start-up step. For the locking step, however, a G ^ circuit must be available. If this were not the case and character steps were always received, as occurs, for example, with the final signaling, the equalizing transmission would not pass these on unchanged, but would replace them periodically with a separating step. C \ can be set to include e.g. B. 135 ms after the start of the startup step is again possible to receive a new character, which may be necessary when receiving characters from a transmitter running too fast. In this case, a blocking step that is too short is sent. In all other cases, C \ can be set so that a new character can be received 140 ms after the start of the start-up step and all steps are sent with a duration of 20 ms, with the exception that the duration of the blocking step is too slow when receiving one current transmitter originating characters is extended with a period of time, which is the difference between the lengths of a too small and a correct speed sent character 's equal.

Claims (6)

Patent claims: i. Telegraph system with devices for sending, equalizing transmission and reception of telegraph characters in a Start-S top alphabet, in which a Start-S top generator, which contains two tubes with capacitors between the anode of one tube and a grid of the other and vice versa ', by applying voltage of starting polarity for a certain minimum time is started at the input terminal, which then with periods of a duration, the target duration corresponding to a step of a character, emits impulses, while after a ■ 609 657 / 14.1 St 5651 VIII al 21a ¹ the number of steps of the character equal number of pulses is stopped by making a connection from one of the capacitors on the grid side to a point of fixed potential, while the states of the outputs of the devices at the moments when the pulses occur with the The polarities of the successive steps match, characterized in that the minimum time corresponds to the time which the capacitor (C ₁ ) of the start-stop generator needs to reach the voltage at which the generator, emitting its first pulse, after separation of the Connection from the plate (terminal 8 of G) to the point (6 of SSSJ of fixed potential) begins to oscillate, the successive impulses successively making each tube of a manifold made up of tubes (IV, VI-3) conductive and the start-stop -Generator is shut down again when the last tube becomes conductive, by removing the voltage from one point (terminal 8 from SSS) , which masters the separation and closing of the mentioned connection, after a subsequent distributor pipe has become conductive for the first time by means of relay cells, it is only made dependent on a voltage derived from the distributor (on rail 7) in such a way that it is dependent on each group step for storage of the sign a special circuit having at least two states is present, and that the outputs (VS ₃ , GS ₁ to GS ₅ ) of the device are controlled by means of relay cells, of which the input terminals are controlled on the one hand by the polarities of the steps of the sign and on the other of the voltages derived from the distributor (Fig. 11, 11 ¹ , 12, 12I, 13, 13 ¹ , 13 ² ). 2. Telegraph system with devices according to claim 1, characterized in that the minimum time required for starting the generator by the size of said capacitor (G ₁ ) and by the size of the voltage of the grid on which one of its plates is located , is adjustable with respect to the associated cathode in the rest position of the generator. 3. Telegraph system with devices according to claim 1 or 2 with device for receiving telegraph characters in a start-S top alphabet, characterized in that a memory circuit (GS ₁ to GS ₅ ) is provided at the output for each group step of the character to be received, Each memory circuit is connected via a single conductor to the output terminal {h, for GJT ₁ ) of a sampling circuit (G ₄₇ to G ₅₂ , for GJT ₁ ), which passes on a current surge when working, the polarity of which is one of the input terminals (g, for G ₄₇ to G ₅₂ ) corresponds to the polarity supplied to the sampling circuit, this input terminal (g) being supplied successively with polarities which are derived from the polarities of the steps of the received telegraph characters and which are the same as these polarities, during the current surges which the sampling circuits get to work, AOm distributors (IV, V ₁ to V ₃ ) are derived in such a way that the two successive voltages derived from the distribution elements (right half of IV and left half of V ₁ , for G ₄₇ to G ₅₂ ) are applied, whereby a current impulse determined by the polarity of the step supplied at that moment is successively across each of the said simple conductors for the control of the relevant memory circuit (GJT ₁ ) is generated, whereby a voltage dependent on the polarity of the steps (at terminal 9 of VS ₁ ) and a voltage (at terminal 9 of FJT ₂ ) to two terminals of a first relay cell (G ₁ to G ₃ ) and from the output terminal of a second relay cell (G ₃ and G ₄ ) the voltage from the point (terminal 8 of SSS) that disconnects and. the closing is mastered, is removed, the other terminals of this second cell (G ₃ and G ₄ ) on the one hand by the common point (a) of the first cell (G ₁ Ms G ₃ ) and on the other hand by a terminal (4 of VS ₂ ) be formed, at which a voltage is applied, the polarity of which is the _{same as the last-mentioned voltage derived from the distributor (IV, V 1} to V ₃ ) (on rail 7) (Fig. 11, III). 4. Telegraph system according to claim 1 or 2 with a device for sending telegraph characters in a start-stop alphabet, characterized in that an input circuit (IS ₁ to IS ₅ ) is provided at the input for each group step of the character to be sent, the output circuit (FJT ₃ ) is connected to the output terminals of as many lines (G ₁₀₉ to G ₁₁₁ , etc.) of the same polarity, while another terminal of each relay cell is connected to an output terminal (4 of IS ₁ for G ₁₀₉ to G ₁₁₁ ) is connected by one of the input circuits in order to take over its polarity, which corresponds to the polarity of a group step of the character to be sent, and during a third terminal of each relay cell a current impulse of one of the polarity of the relay cell ■ the same polarity can be supplied which Current surges for each said third terminal from a different one of the various distribution elements (left half of V ₁ , for G ₁₀₉ to G ₁₁₁ ), whereby a current surge of the polarity of the relay cell occurs one after the other at the output terminal of each relay cell, insofar as the corresponding group step also has this polarity, which current surge of the control of the output circuit (FJT ₃ ) via one for all ■ 60'9 8577141 Si 5651VIIIa / '21a ¹ Relay cells serve the same conductor, with any voltage (on terminal S) for starting the transmitter and a voltage (on terminal 9 of VS ₂ ), which depends on a voltage derived from the distributor (on rail 7), on two terminals of a first Relay cell (G ₁₀₃ to G ₁₀₅ ) and the output terminal of a second relay cell (G ₁₀₅ and G ₁₀₆ ) draws the voltage from the point (terminal 8 of SSS) that controls the separation and closing, while the other terminals of this second cell (G ₁₀₅ and G ₁₀₆ ) are formed on the one hand by the common point of the first cell (G ₁₀₃ to G ₁₀₅ ) and on the other hand by a terminal (4 of VS ₂ ) at which a voltage is applied that has the same polarity as the latter , corresponds to the voltage derived from the distributor (on rail 7) (Fig. 12, 12 ¹ ). 5. Telegraph system according to claim 3 and 4 with \ ^ device for the equalizing transmission of telegraph characters in a start-stop alphabet, characterized in that it consists of a combination of the device for receiving and the device for sending, such that the memory circuits ( GS) according to claim 3 also serve as input circuits according to claim 4 (Fig. 13, iß ¹ , 13 ² ) 6. Telegraph system with devices according to claim 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that of the first relay cell in the devices (Fig. 11, 12, 13) the terminal (9 of VS ₂ ) to which the voltage is from depends on the voltage derived from the distributor (on rail 7), and is also grounded _{via a capacitor (C 3} , C \, Cl). Considered publications:
Journal "Bell Laboratories Record", 1949, Issue 12, pp. 436 to 441. In addition 5 sheets of drawings 1 609 657 / 1Φ1 10.56