DE977704C - Rocket propellants - Google Patents

Description

Rocket fuel means the use of nitrated synthetic high molecular weight Substances, e.g. B. polyvinyl nitrate alone or in a mixture with other common organic Explosive components as a means of fire or propellant are known.

The invention relates to the use of those known per se Mixtures of liquid nitric acid esters with macromolecular nitric acid esters Polyalcohols, such as. B. polyvinyl nitrate in a proportion of 10-7o: 90-30 '/ 0, optionally with the addition of customary modifiers and stabilizers as pasty and / or rubbery rocket propellants.

It should be noted that between gun materials for guns and solid rocket propellants, if one only considers the material composition, there is no fundamental difference. Certain shifts in focus the recipe to achieve the intended application, however, result already essential distinguishing features. So there is z. B. solvent-free Powder made from nitrocellulose only. Composite rocket fuels, on the other hand, consist of a high polymer binder, oxygen salt and metal powder (heterogeneous, solid components in the combustion gas).

Finally, the fact that the propellant in a missile is in the In contrast to the barrel weapon, it usually flies with you during the propulsion phase, i.e. H. accelerates itself with the rocket, results in the identification of rocket fuels very specific features that are not found in conventional guns for barrel weapons Play role, so z. B. the tensile strength, the elongation of the modulus of elasticity. All for them Characterization of the material data of a substance must be in certain important quantities Limits and have the smallest possible fluctuations in temperature changes.

Of course there are points of contact where a conventional Gunfire and a rocket fuel are almost identical, as are with one special development direction of typical solid rocket propellants ballistic Conditions have been achieved that approximate the ballistic requirements, which one normally puts on gunpowder guns, showed. So there is, for example on the one hand the so-called double base propellants, which are essentially made of nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin are the closest thing between guns and rocket fuels represent; on the other hand, there are Panzerfaust charges where the propellant charge is like this is constructed so that the combustion of the charge is similar to that of the gun powder in the Millisecond range.

The principle of the barrel weapon and that of the rocket differ significantly. In the case of the barrel weapon, the barrel from which a projectile is ejected is one of the decisive factors in ballistics.

This pipe should be used as long as possible. By the rocket you have the nozzle as a comparable factor. In contrast to the pipe, the nozzle has its own to perform a crucial function only once.

This fact now ranks between conventional bullet material and the Rocket fuel makes a fundamental difference. The gun material for the barrel weapon must in its surface properties, its energy, the composition of its Combustion gases and their temperature and its flame formation must be balanced to achieve the fastest possible combustion at the lowest possible temperature and a pressure that the pipe can tolerate, small amounts of aggressive gases and as little muzzle flash as possible. It concerns gun materials for guns for the reasons given, it is always about substances of low energy (less than iooo kcal / kg).

When it comes to rocket fuels, the aim is to achieve higher energies to achieve the highest possible outflow speed of the gases (over 150o lccal / kg). The combustion extends over longer times at pressures below 100 kp / cm2 (compared to a few thousand for guns with guns).

This now means that when using conventional pole powder no special performances are achieved in missiles and when using comparatively high-energy rocket propellants in tubular weapons use that as a principle underlying weapon system would fail.

The rocket propellants according to the invention are pasty to rubber-like rocket propellants, which in turn are a specialty of rocket propellants. Between fuels for guns and guns like that Finally, for missiles there is an essential difference in the requirement to the individual powder body. Usually the single body is for barrel gun powder small in its geometrical dimensions, while in the case of rocket fuels in the Technology of manufacturing large bodies of certain mechanical strength values there is a particular problem.

As stabilizers for the new rocket fuel z. B. Zentralite and nitrodiphenylamine, as modifiers z. B. organic metal compounds such as zinc stearate, and as macromolecular polyalcohol except for polyvinyl alcohol z. B. polyvinyl alcohol of the formula be used.

The viscosities of the additive-free pasty mixes. are from 1000 to about 30,000 poise. At higher viscosities, the masses take on a rubbery character.

Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIM: The use of the known mixtures of liquid nitric acid esters with nitric acid esters of macromolecular polyalcohols, such as B. Polyvinyl nitrate in a quantitative ratio of 10-7o: 90-30 ° / 0, if necessary with the addition of customary modifiers and stabilizers as pasty and / or gummy Rocket propellants. Earlier patent considered: German Patent No. 1 102 023.