DE97643C

DE97643C -

Info

Publication number: DE97643C
Application number: DENDAT97643D
Authority: DE

Description

KAISERLICHESIMPERIAL

PATENTAMT.PATENT OFFICE.

PATENTSCHRIFTPATENT LETTERING

KLASSE 14: Dampfmaschinen.CLASS 14: Steam Engines.

Kolbenschiebersteuerung.Piston valve control.

Patentirt im Deutschen Reiche vom 18. April 1897 ab.Patented in the German Empire on April 18, 1897.

Der den Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung bildende Kolbenschieber besteht im Wesentlichen aus einem Kolben mit mehreren segmentförmigen Schiebern, welche über besonderen Dampfkanälen in der Dichtungs- oder Gleitfläche arbeiten und durch den Druckunterschied des Arbeitsdampfes und des Abdampfes dampfdicht gegen den Kolben angedrückt werden. The piston valve forming the subject of the present invention consists in Essentially consisting of a piston with several segment-shaped slides, which over special Steam channels work in the sealing or sliding surface and through the pressure difference of the working steam and the exhaust steam are pressed steam-tight against the piston.

Auf beiliegender Zeichnung ist die Erfindung zur Veranschaulichung gebracht.The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing.

Fig. ι ist ein Längsschnitt durch die Kolbenschiebersteuerung; Fig. .2 ist ein Schnitt nach Linie A-A (Fig. 1) und Fig. 3 ein solcher nach Linie B-B (Fig. 2); Fig. 4 ist eine Ansicht der Abdampfseite eines Kolbens; Fig. 5 ist eine Seitenansicht eines Kolbens und Fig.' 6 ist ein Schnitt durch eine der hülsenartigen Gleitflä'chen, auf oder in welchen die Kolben arbeiten.Fig. Ι is a longitudinal section through the piston slide control; Fig. 2 is a section along line AA (Fig. 1) and Fig. 3 is a section along line BB (Fig. 2); Figure 4 is a view of the exhaust side of a piston; Fig. 5 is a side view of a piston and Fig. 6 is a section through one of the sleeve-like sliding surfaces on or in which the pistons work.

Das dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel zeigt den Kolbenschieber in einem Dampfmaschinencylinder angeordnet; von letzterem ist jedoch nur der Theil gezeigt, welcher den Kolbenschieber enthält, der übrige Theil ist als unwesentlich fortgelassen.The illustrated embodiment shows the piston valve in a steam engine cylinder arranged; of the latter, however, only that part is shown which has the piston valve contains, the remaining part is left out as insignificant.

Die beiden Kolben α-und a¹ sitzen auf einer gemeinschaftlichen Kolbenstange b und werden auf dieser durch Muttern b^l und b² gehalten. The two pistons α and a ¹ sit on a common piston rod b and are held there by nuts b ^l and b ² .

Die Kolben sind so abgepafst, dafs sie sich frei in den cylindrischen Ausfütterungen C bezw. C¹ hin- und herbewegen können. Der Arbeitsdampf befindet sich in dem Raum zwischen den beiden Kolben, während der Abdampf auf der Aufsenseite derselben abströmt.The pistons are matched in such a way that they can be freely positioned in the cylindrical linings C and C ^{1 can} move back and forth. The working steam is located in the space between the two flasks, while the exhaust steam flows off on the outside of the same.

Da die beiden Kolben und ihre zugehörigen Ausfütterungen bezw. Cylinder ganz gleich sind, so genügt für das Verständnifs der Einrichtung die Beschreibung des Kolbens α und seines Cylinders C.Since the two pistons and their associated linings bezw. Cylinders are exactly the same, the description of the piston α and its cylinder C is sufficient for an understanding of the device.

Die cylindrische Gleitbahn C, welche in eine passende Aussparung des Dampfcylinders eingesetzt ist, besitzt vier gleich grofse, rechtwinklige Durchbrechungen, welche durch die Zwischenstege c² von einander getrennt sind. Die vier Oeffnungen stehen in unmittelbarer Verbindung mit dem nach dem Maschinencylinder führenden Dampfkanal. Die Gleitfläche C für das Kolbenventil α kann auch auf andere Weise in dem Schieberkasten befestigt werden bezw. mit diesem aus einem Stück gefertigt sein.The cylindrical slideway C, which is inserted into a suitable recess in the steam cylinder, has four equally large, right-angled openings which are separated from one another ^{by the intermediate webs c 2.} The four openings are in direct connection with the steam channel leading to the machine cylinder. The sliding surface C for the piston valve α can also be fastened in other ways in the valve body or. be made in one piece with this.

Der Kolbenkörper α besitzt auf seiner Aufsenfläche eine concentrische Nuth Λ², in welche vier segmentförmige Schieber oder Kolbenringstücke d eingesetzt sind. Jedes Schieberstück d hat in der Mitte einen hohlen Ansatz, welcher zur Aufnahme einer Feder dient, die den Schieber d gegen seine Gleitfläche zu drücken bestrebt ist. Ein zu weites Herausbewegen der einzelnen .Schieberstücke d aus der Nuth ä² bezw. ein Drehen derselben in dieser Nuth wird durch je eine am Kolben befestigte Schraube verhindert, welche in einen Schlitz des Schieberansatzes eingreift, wie bei d¹ (Fig. ι und 2) gezeigt.The piston body α has a concentric groove Λ ² on its outer surface, into which four segment-shaped slides or piston ring pieces d are inserted. Each slide piece d has a hollow extension in the middle, which serves to accommodate a spring which tends to press the slide d against its sliding surface. Moving the individual .Sschberteile d too far out of the groove ä ² respectively. turning the same in this groove is prevented by a screw attached to the piston, which engages in a slot in the slide attachment, as shown at d ¹ (FIGS. 1 and 2).

Die Breite der Schieber d ist gleich der Breite der Oeffnungen, über welche sie arbeiten, vermehrt um die den Schiebern zu gebende erforderliche Ueberlappung. Wenn in den Kolben α eingesetzt, nehmen die Schieber d dieThe width of the slide d is equal to the width of the openings over which they work, increased by the overlap required to be given to the slide. When inserted into the piston α , the slide d take the

Claims

in Fig. ι respectively. 3 and prevent steam from flowing over takes place from the inside of the piston to its outside.

The piston is cut away or worked out in such a way that cavities are created through which part of the slide d is exposed to the reduced pressure of the exhaust steam on the outlet side of the piston. As a result, the greater pressure of the working steam acting on the other side of the slide d is able to press the slide d firmly against the piston a in order to achieve a vapor-tight seal.

The parts cut away from the piston are identical and so shaped that short arms corresponding ^{to the rods c 2 remain between them.} The end sides or narrow sides of the slide d meet BEZW approximately in the middle of these arms. of the webs c ² , so that the openings between the latter are more than covered. In the rear view of the piston α (FIG. 4), the arms located ^{above the webs c 2} are denoted by a ^s; α ⁴ are the cavities behind which the slides are shown with dotted lines.

The area ratio of the cavities and openings in the sliding-surface cylinder C must be sufficient to ensure that the slides d are constantly pressed against the piston by the steam, with a force sufficient to counteract the friction of those moving through their openings Overcome slide. For this purpose, the opening area of the cavities must be about half as large as that of the steam channels in the sliding surface C.

The piston rod b is prevented from rotating by suitable guides, so that the arms α ³ always bezw over the webs c ² . located towards with these.

The steam presses the slide d against the piston a, so that when the piston moves back and forth no steam can flow over from one side of the piston to the other, except in the small places where the outer ends of the slide under the arms a ^s meet. This outflow of steam, however, is very slight and. can be neglected for large valves. This loss of steam ■ can be completely avoided if one ^{uses 3} sliding pieces in the arms a , which are pressed outwards by suitable springs, as shown at a ⁵ (Fig. 3, 4 and 5).

In order to facilitate the production of the slide d , one can first produce a coherent slide ring and then saw this into three or more parts or otherwise divide it. Since the slide surfaces are only chosen to be as large as is necessary for the correct opening and closing of the steam channels, there is only as much pressure on the slide as is necessary for a steam-tight seal with the cylindrical sliding surface C. The slides therefore slide with the least possible friction on their sliding surfaces and any distortions or uneven expansion of the sliding surface C do not affect the piston valve as such, since each slide d of the same can accordingly automatically adjust itself independently of the other slides. :

Pa τ ε ν τ - An s ρ r ü c η:

A spool control system for the vapor and similar combustion engines, characterized in, that behufs achieve a vapor-tight seal between Dampfeintrittsund steam outlet side of the control piston (a) the channels operating in the Steuercylinder (C) slide inserts (d) of the piston (a) under the action of the working steam via the steam and of the exhaust steam and the resulting pressure difference presses them not only in the radial direction against the sliding surface of the control cylinder, but also against the piston body itself, with the loss of steam between the slide inserts being prevented by special sealing pieces inserted in the piston arms (a ^z ) can be.

1 sheet of drawings.