DE944328C - Process for the production of town gas from methane and other gaseous hydrocarbons - Google Patents

Process for the production of town gas from methane and other gaseous hydrocarbons

Info

Publication number
DE944328C
DE944328C DEB11844A DEB0011844A DE944328C DE 944328 C DE944328 C DE 944328C DE B11844 A DEB11844 A DE B11844A DE B0011844 A DEB0011844 A DE B0011844A DE 944328 C DE944328 C DE 944328C
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
methane
town gas
catalysts
gaseous hydrocarbons
reaction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DEB11844A
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German (de)
Inventor
Dr Georg Schiller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Priority to DEB11844A priority Critical patent/DE944328C/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE944328C publication Critical patent/DE944328C/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • C01B3/40Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/10Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
    • C01B2203/1041Composition of the catalyst
    • C01B2203/1047Group VIII metal catalysts
    • C01B2203/1052Nickel or cobalt catalysts

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Description

Verfahren zum Herstellen von Stadtgas aus Methan und anderen aasförmigen Kohlenwasserstoffen Es ist bekannt, Stadtgas aus gasförmigen Kohlenwasserstoffen, insbesondere Methan, durch Umsetzung mit Wasserdampf unter Verwendung von Nickelkatalysatoren herzustellen. Man verwendet hierbei Schachtöfen, Retorten oder sogenannte Rohrbündelöfen. Die Rohrbündelöfen gestatten im Gegensatz zu den Schachtöfen einen kontinuierlichen Betrieb, haben aber den Nachteil, daß sie sehr kostspielig sind. Bei Verwendung der üblichen Retorten oder Kammeröfen zeigt sich der Nachteil, daß die Umsetzung sehr schlecht vonstatten geht, weil es nicht möglich ist, dem Inneren der Reaktionsräume ,die nötige Wärme zuzuführen.Process for the production of town gas from methane and other carrion forms Hydrocarbons It is known to produce town gas from gaseous hydrocarbons, especially methane, through reaction with water vapor using nickel catalysts to manufacture. Shaft furnaces, retorts or so-called tube bundle furnaces are used here. In contrast to the shaft furnaces, the tube bundle furnaces allow a continuous one Operation, but have the disadvantage that they are very expensive. Using the usual retorts or chamber furnaces shows the disadvantage that the implementation goes very badly because it is not possible to get inside the reaction chambers to supply the necessary heat.

Es wurde nun gefunden, daß die geschilderten Nachteile vermieden werden und Stadtgas aus Methan und anderen gasförmigen Köhlenwasserstoffen durch teilweise Umsetzung mit Wasserdampf in Gegenwart Nickel enthaltender Katalysatoren bei Außenheizung bequem und in einfacheren Apparaturen hergestellt werden kann, wenn man die Umsetzung in an sich bekannter Weise in Retorten oder Kammern aus feuerfesten Stoffen vornimmt, deren. Wandabstand nicht über 15 cm beträgt, und erfindungsgemäß Katalysatoren verwendet, welche mehr als 5% und weniger als 30 °/a Nickel enthalten. Im allgemeinen findet eine :doppelwandige Beheizung statt. Das Verfahren gestattet auch die üblichen Retorten und Kammern von größerer Breite als die angegebene zu verwenden. In diesem Fall ist es jedoch erforderlich, in diese Kammern Verdränger aus feuerfesten Stoffen einzubauen, so daß Zwischenräume entstehen, die die erwähnte Dicke nicht überschreiten. In diesem Fall findet im allgemeinen nur eine einseitige Beheizung :statt, so daß die Dicke auch merklich geringer als r5 cm sein kann, z. B. 8 bis io cm. Das Verfahren- gestattet zwar nicht, die hohen Umsätze zu erreichen, wie sie bei metallischen Wandungen erzielt werden, ermöglicht aber; leicht zugängliche, in Gaswerken vielfach vorhandene Anlagen zu verwenden. Es wird bei kontinuierlicher Arbeitsweise ein -Gas von stets gleichbleibender Beschaffenheit erhalten.It has now been found that the disadvantages outlined are avoided and town gas can be prepared from methane and other gaseous hydrocarbons by partial reaction with steam in the presence of nickel-containing catalysts with external heating conveniently and in simpler apparatus if the reaction is carried out in a manner known per se in Retorts or chambers made of refractory materials, whose. The distance from the wall is not more than 15 cm, and according to the invention catalysts are used which contain more than 5% and less than 30 ° / a nickel. In general, double-walled heating takes place. The method also allows the use of the usual retorts and chambers of greater width than that specified. In this case, however, it is necessary to build displacers made of refractory materials into these chambers, so that gaps are created which do not exceed the thickness mentioned. In this case there is generally only one-sided heating: instead of, so that the thickness can also be noticeably less than r5 cm, e.g. B. 8 to 10 cm. Although the process does not allow the high conversions to be achieved as is achieved with metallic walls, it does allow; Easily accessible systems that are often used in gasworks. With continuous operation, a gas of constant quality is obtained.

Die Leistung solcher Öfen ist zwar infolge der an sich nicht so gut wärmeleitenden Wandungen begrenzt durch die Wärmemenge, die dem Innern des Reaktionsraumes zugeführt werden kann. Diese Wärmemenge ist um @so größer, je größer das Temperaturgefälle zwischen der Außenwand und dem -Innern des Reaktionsraumes, d. h. der Katalysatorschicht, ist. Wenn man daher im vorliegenden Fall die eingangs erwähnten sehr aktiven Katalysatoren verwendet, welche die Umsetzung schon bei Temperaturen von etwa 7oo° auszuführen gestatten, so erhöht sich die Durchsatzleistung beträchtlich. Die in Frage kommenden Katalysatoren, welche mehr als 5 % und weniger als 30'/o Nickel enthalten, erhält man z. B. durch Ausfällen von Nickelsalzen in Gegenwart von Aktivatoren, wie z. B. Magnesiumoxyd, gegebenenfalls unter Zugabe anderer Stoffe, wie Kaolin, Tonerde, Tonerde-Zement u. dgl.The performance of such ovens is not so good as a result of them heat-conducting walls limited by the amount of heat that the inside of the reaction chamber can be fed. This amount of heat is greater, the greater the temperature gradient between the outer wall and the interior of the reaction space, d. H. the catalyst layer, is. If, therefore, the very active catalysts mentioned at the outset are used in the present case used, which carry out the implementation at temperatures of about 7oo ° allow, the throughput increases considerably. The ones in question Catalysts which contain more than 5% and less than 30% nickel are obtained one z. B. by precipitation of nickel salts in the presence of activators such. B. magnesium oxide, if necessary with the addition of other substances such as kaolin, clay, Alumina cement and the like

Kammern und Retorten mit Wänden aus feuerfesten keramischen Materialien sind bekanntlich gasdurchlässig. Es ist deshalb vorteilhaft, im Innern der Reaktionsräume einen nur geringen Überdruck aufrechtzuerhalten, um das Eindringen von stark stickstoffhaltigen Heizgasen von außen zu vermeiden. Der aufrechtzuerhaltende Überdruck beträgt im vorliegenden Fall zweckmäßig nicht mehr als io bis 15 cm Wassersäule. Er wird durch Verwendung und geeignete Anordnung von Gebläsen erzeugt.Chambers and retorts with walls made of refractory ceramic materials are known to be gas-permeable. It is therefore advantageous inside the reaction chambers to maintain only a slight overpressure to prevent the ingress of highly nitrogenous Avoid heating gases from outside. The overpressure to be maintained is im In the present case, it is advisable not to have more than 10 to 15 cm water column. He is going through Use and appropriate arrangement of fans generated.

Als Ausgangsstoffe eignen sich Methan oder methanreiche Gase, wie z. B. Erdgas, Grubengas, Abgase von Raffinerien und Kohlenhydrierungsanlagen, ferner andere gasförmige Kohl.enwasserstoffe oder Gase, die reich an diesen sind. Die Ausgangsgase sollen mindestens 8o % Methan bzw. gasförmige Kohlenwasserstoff. enthalten.Methane or methane-rich gases, such as z. B. natural gas, mine gas, exhaust gases from refineries and carbohydrate plants, as well other gaseous hydrocarbons or gases rich in them. The starting gases should be at least 80% methane or gaseous hydrocarbons. contain.

Beispiel In einem Vertikalkammerofen, der Kammern von 40 cm Dicke enthält, baut man in die Mitte der Kammern Schamottewände von 2o am Dicke ein., so daß zu beiden Seiten des Einbaues Kammern von io cm Dicke übrigbleiberi. In diese Kammern füllt man einen Katalysator, der durch Fällen von Nickelsalzlösungen auf feinverteiltes Magnesia hergestellt ist und 2o% Nickel enthält. Der Katalysator wird zu Pillen von 2 cm Durchmesser gepreßt. Durch Verteilerrohre am Boden der Kammern leitet man ein Gemisch von ioo Raumteilen Erdgas (Zusammensetzung: 93°/o Methan, 7% Stickstoff) und 8o bis ioo kg Dampf ein. Die Kammern werden wie Üblich von außen auf etwa iioo bis i2oo° geheizt. Im Innern stellt sich oben in den Kammern eine Temperatur von etwa 75o° ein, und man erhält aus der angegebenen Menge etwa 2o5 Raumteile eines Stadtgases von folgender Zusammensetzung: 7,5 % Kohlensäure, 7 % Kohlenoxyd, 51,5% Wasserstoff, 3o,60/a Methan, 3,4% Stickstoff.Example In a vertical chamber furnace with chambers 40 cm thick contains fireclay walls of 2o thick in the middle of the chambers., so that chambers 10 cm thick remain on both sides of the installation. In these The chambers are filled with a catalyst, which is created by precipitating nickel salt solutions finely divided magnesia and contains 20% nickel. The catalyst is compressed into pills 2 cm in diameter. Through distribution pipes at the bottom of the chambers a mixture of 100 parts by volume of natural gas (composition: 93% methane, 7% nitrogen) and 80 to 100 kg of steam. The chambers are, as usual, from the outside heated to around iioo to i2oo °. Inside there is one at the top of the chambers Temperature of about 75o °, and you get about 2o5 from the specified amount Volume parts of a town gas with the following composition: 7.5% carbonic acid, 7% Carbon dioxide, 51.5% hydrogen, 30, 60 / a methane, 3.4% nitrogen.

Das Gas entspricht den üblichen Normen für Stadtgas: Der untere Heizwert beträgt 416o ka1/I\Tcb.m, -die Dichte (bezogen auf Luft = i) 0,42, die Durchsatzleistung- beträgt je qm Heizfläche 5 bis io m3/Stunde.The gas complies with the usual standards for town gas: the lower calorific value is 416o ka1 / I \ Tcb.m, -the density (based on air = i) 0.42, the throughput- amounts to 5 to 10 m3 / hour per square meter of heating surface.

Claims (3)

PATENTANSPRÜCHE: i. Verfahren zum Herstellen von Stadtgas aus Methan- und. anderen gasförmigen Kohlenwasserstoffen durch teilweise Umsetzung mit Wasserdampf in Gegenwart Nickel enthaltender Katalysatoren .bei Außenheizung, wobei die Umsetzung in mit Katalysatoren gefüllten Kammern oder Retorten aus feuerfesten keramischen Stoffen vorgenommen wird, deren. Wandabstand nicht über' i5 cm beträgt, .dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Katalysatoren verwendet werden, welche :mehr .als` 5% und weniger als 30 % Nickel enthalten. < PATENT CLAIMS: i. Process for producing town gas from methane and. other gaseous hydrocarbons through partial reaction with water vapor in the presence of nickel-containing catalysts. during external heating, the reaction in chambers filled with catalysts or retorts made of refractory ceramic Substances is made whose. The distance from the wall is not more than 15 cm characterized in that catalysts are used which: more than 5% and less contain more than 30% nickel. < 2. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Stadtgas nach Anspruch i, dadurch-gekennzeichnet, daß man im Reaktionsraum einen geringen, etwa iocm Wassersäule nicht überschreitenden Überdruck aufrecht erhält. Angezogene Druckschriften.: Berichte der Gesellschaft für Kohlentechnik, Bd. 2. A method for producing town gas according to claim i, characterized-that there is a low, about 10m water column in the reaction space maintains not exceeding overpressure. Pamphlets Attracted .: Reports of the Society for Coal Technology, Vol. 3, S. 211, 316, 249, 322 und 32.1; deutsche Patentschriften Nr. 51 572, 296 866.3, pp. 211, 316, 249, 322 and 32.1; German Patent Nos. 51 572, 296 866.
DEB11844A 1950-10-05 1950-10-05 Process for the production of town gas from methane and other gaseous hydrocarbons Expired DE944328C (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEB11844A DE944328C (en) 1950-10-05 1950-10-05 Process for the production of town gas from methane and other gaseous hydrocarbons

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEB11844A DE944328C (en) 1950-10-05 1950-10-05 Process for the production of town gas from methane and other gaseous hydrocarbons

Publications (1)

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DE944328C true DE944328C (en) 1956-06-14

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE51572C (en) * L. MOND in NORTHWICH und C. LANGER in South-Hampstead Process to free gases from carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons
DE296866C (en) * 1912-11-30

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE51572C (en) * L. MOND in NORTHWICH und C. LANGER in South-Hampstead Process to free gases from carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons
DE296866C (en) * 1912-11-30

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