DE926366C - High pressure furnace for carrying out catalytic gas reactions - Google Patents
High pressure furnace for carrying out catalytic gas reactionsInfo
- Publication number
- DE926366C DE926366C DEB21335A DEB0021335A DE926366C DE 926366 C DE926366 C DE 926366C DE B21335 A DEB21335 A DE B21335A DE B0021335 A DEB0021335 A DE B0021335A DE 926366 C DE926366 C DE 926366C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- gas
- high pressure
- carrying
- out catalytic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
- C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
- C01C1/0405—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
- C01C1/0417—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst characterised by the synthesis reactor, e.g. arrangement of catalyst beds and heat exchangers in the reactor
- C01C1/0423—Cold wall reactors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/0005—Catalytic processes under superatmospheric pressure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
Description
Bei den meisten Hochdrucköfen zur Ausführung katalytischer Gasreaktionen, z. B. zur Herstellung von Ammoniak, Methanol u. dgl., in denen das Prinzip angewandt wird, durch Wärmeaustausch das zugeführte Gasgemisch an einer Trennwand am Katalysator aufzuwärmen bzw. den Katalysator an einer Trennwand durch das zugeführte Gasgemisch zu kühlen, besteht diese Trennwand aus einer größeren Anzahl von Einzelrohren. Es werden hierbei zwei grundsätzlich voneinander verschiedene Bauarten ausgeführt. In der einen Bauart wird der Katalysator innerhalb der einzelnen Rohre angeordnet, während das zugeführte Gasgemisch diese Rohre außen umströmt; die andere Bauart sieht den Katalysator außerhalb der Rohre vor, während das zugeführte Gasgemisch die Rohre im Innern durchströmt. Bei beiden Bauarten kann eine elektrische Widerstandsheizung vorgesehen sein. In most high pressure furnaces for carrying out catalytic gas reactions, z. B. for the production of ammonia, methanol and the like. In which the principle is applied is, the supplied gas mixture on a partition wall on the catalyst by heat exchange warm up or the catalyst on a partition wall through the supplied gas mixture To cool, this partition consists of a larger number of individual tubes. It two fundamentally different designs are carried out here. In one design, the catalytic converter is arranged within the individual tubes, while the supplied gas mixture flows around these tubes on the outside; the other type provides the catalyst outside the tubes, while the gas mixture supplied flows through the pipes inside. Electrical resistance heating can be used for both types be provided.
Bei der Anordnung der Katalysatoren im Rohrinnern wurde im Laufe der Jahre ein elektrischer Widerstandsheizstab entwickelt, der, ohne denVerschlußdeckel des Hochdruckofens entfernen zu müssen, durch den Verschlußdeckel hindurch zentral in das Innere des Reaktionsofens eingeführt werden kann. Die Gasführung begünstigt diese Anordnung. Für die Anordnung des Katalysators außerhalb der Rohre konnte jedoch der zentrale Widerstandsheizstab wegen der diesem Ofen eigenen Gasführung bisher nicht angewendet werden. The arrangement of the catalytic converters inside the pipe was in the course of developed an electric resistance heating element over the years that, without the To have to remove the high-pressure furnace, centrally through the sealing cover can be introduced into the interior of the reaction furnace. The gas flow favors this arrangement. However, it was possible to arrange the catalyst outside the tubes the central resistance heating rod because of the gas flow of this furnace so far not be applied.
Die elektrische Widerstandsheizung wird in diesem Fall entweder in Gestalt von Heizdrähten auf dem Umfang des Katalysatorbehälters untergebracht oder im oberen Teil des Katalysatorbehälters über dem Katalysator eingebaut. Diese Ausführung hat den Nachteil, daß zur Behebung von Schäden an der sehr störungsanfälligen Widerstandsheizung der schwere Verschlußdeckel des Hochdruckofens abgehoben und der Katalysatorbehälter entweder herausgezogen oder wenigstens sein Deckel entfernt werden muß.In this case, the electrical resistance heating is either in Shape of heating wires housed on the circumference of the catalyst container or installed in the upper part of the catalyst tank above the catalyst. This execution has the disadvantage that to repair damage to the resistance heating, which is very susceptible to failure the heavy cover of the high-pressure furnace lifted off and the catalyst container either pulled out or at least its cover removed.
Es wurde nun gefunden, daß auch bei dieser Katalysatoranordnung ein zentral angeordneter, elektrischer Widerstandsheizstab verwendet werden kann, wenn die Gaszuführungsrohre in einem oberhalb des Katalysators angeordneten Rohrboden befestigt werden, der das den elektrischen Widerstandsheizstab aufnehmende, zentrale Rohr allseitig gasdicht umschließt und der an seinem Umfang mit dem Katalysatorbehälter gas dicht verbunden ist. It has now been found that even with this catalyst arrangement centrally arranged, electrical resistance heating rod can be used if the gas supply tubes in a tube sheet arranged above the catalyst be attached, the central receiving the electrical resistance heating rod Tube encloses gas-tight on all sides and that on its circumference with the catalyst container gas is tightly connected.
Es ist zwar bekannt, die Gaszuführungsrohre in einem oberhalb des Katalysatorbettes befindlichen Rohrboden anzuordnen, der in seinem Umfang mit dem Katalysatorbehälter gasdicht verbunden ist. Although it is known that the gas supply pipes in a above the To arrange the tube sheet located in the catalyst bed, which in its scope with the Catalyst container is connected gas-tight.
Bei derartigen Anordnungen hat man bisher stets die unvorteilhafte und umständliche Heizung mittels Heizdraht angewandt, und es lag bei diesen Einrichtungen nicht nahe,hier einen einfachen elektrischen Widerstandsheizstab zu verwenden. Erst die Vereinigung des Rohrbodens mit dem den Widerstandsstab aufnehmenden Rohr ermöglichte die einfache Anwendung eines elektrischen Stabbrenners.In the case of arrangements of this type, the disadvantageous one has hitherto always been the case and cumbersome heating by means of heating wire applied, and it was up to these facilities not close to using a simple electric resistance heating rod here. First made possible the union of the tube sheet with the tube receiving the resistance rod the simple use of an electric rod burner.
An Hand der Zeichnung sei die Erfindung an einem Ausfiihrungsbeispiel näher erläutert: Abb. I betrifft die Erfindung selbst, während Abb. 2 einen Syntheseofen der herkömmlichen Bauart zum Unterschied zeigt. The invention is based on an exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawing explained in more detail: Fig. I relates to the invention itself, while Fig. 2 a synthesis furnace the conventional design shows the difference.
In Abb. 2 bezeichnen die durch Voranstellen der Ziff. I vor die in Abb. I benutzten Zahlen die entsprechenden Bauteile wie in Abb. I. Es entspricht also z.B. in Abb. 2 die Zahl II der Zahl I in Abb. I. In Fig. 2, the prefix I in front of the in Fig. I numbers used the corresponding components as in Fig. I. It corresponds to e.g. in Fig. 2 the number II of the number I in Fig. I.
Gemäß Abb. I tritt das zwischen Hochdruckmantel 8 und Katalysatorbehälter 7 abwärts strömende Gasgemisch in den Wärmeaustauscher g ein und verläßt diesen durch das zentrale Rohr 6. In das zentrale Rohr 6 ist der Widerstandsheizstab 5 eingebaut. Das Rohr 6 ist an seinem oberen Ende mit dem Boden 4 gasdicht verbunden. Der Boden ß in dem die Zuführungsrohre 3 angebracht sind, ist mit seinem Umfang in dem Katalysatorbehälter 7 gasdicht befestigt. Bei dieser Anordnung ist der Weg des Gasgemisches folgender: In dem zentralen Rohr 6 strömt das Gas an dem Widerstandsheizstab 5 entlang. Aus dem zentralen Rohr 6 austretend, breitet sich das Gas über dem Boden 4 aus und wird durch die Zuführungsrohre 3 in die einzelnen Rohre 2 des in den Katalysator I gebetteten Röhrenbündels geleitet. In den Rohren 2 streicht das Gas aufwärts, verläßt diese am oberen Ende und durchfließt den Katalysator I, um schließlich über den Wärmeaustauscherg aus dem Ofen auszutreten. In der zum Vergleich in Abb. 2 dargestellten bekannten Anordnung bedeuten die Ziffern folgendes: II Katalysator, 12 Rohre des Röhrenbündels, I3 Zuführungsrohre, 15 Widerstandsheizdraht, I7 Katalysatorbehälter, I8 Ofenmäntel und 19 Wärmeaustauscher. Die Ziffern 14 und I6 entfallen hier. Der Gasweg ist durch Pfeile angegeben. According to Fig. I, this occurs between the high-pressure jacket 8 and the catalyst container 7 downward flowing gas mixture in the heat exchanger g and leaves it through the central tube 6. The resistance heating rod 5 is in the central tube 6 built-in. At its upper end, the tube 6 is connected to the base 4 in a gas-tight manner. The bottom ß in which the supply pipes 3 are attached is with its periphery fastened in a gas-tight manner in the catalyst container 7. With this arrangement is the way of the gas mixture as follows: In the central tube 6, the gas flows on the resistance heating rod 5 along. Exiting the central tube 6, the gas spreads over the floor 4 and is fed through the supply tubes 3 into the individual tubes 2 of the into the catalytic converter I headed bedded tube bundle. In the pipes 2 the gas sweeps upwards, leaves this at the upper end and flows through the catalyst I to finally over to exit the heat exchanger from the furnace. In the one shown in Fig. 2 for comparison known arrangement, the numbers mean the following: II catalyst, 12 tubes of the Tube bundle, I3 supply tubes, 15 resistance heating wire, I7 catalyst container, I8 furnace jackets and 19 heat exchangers. Numbers 14 and I6 are omitted here. Of the The gas path is indicated by arrows.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEB21335A DE926366C (en) | 1952-07-25 | 1952-07-25 | High pressure furnace for carrying out catalytic gas reactions |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEB21335A DE926366C (en) | 1952-07-25 | 1952-07-25 | High pressure furnace for carrying out catalytic gas reactions |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE926366C true DE926366C (en) | 1955-04-14 |
Family
ID=6960613
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEB21335A Expired DE926366C (en) | 1952-07-25 | 1952-07-25 | High pressure furnace for carrying out catalytic gas reactions |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE926366C (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1142586B (en) * | 1965-01-29 | 1963-01-24 | Lentia Gmbh | Process and device for gas supply in catalytic high pressure reactors |
CN115282881A (en) * | 2017-11-25 | 2022-11-04 | 星火能源公司 | Chemical reactor with integrated heat exchanger |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE524328C (en) * | 1925-10-02 | 1931-05-13 | Patentverwertungs A G Alpina S | Device to avoid overheating of the catalyst during ammonia synthesis |
-
1952
- 1952-07-25 DE DEB21335A patent/DE926366C/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE524328C (en) * | 1925-10-02 | 1931-05-13 | Patentverwertungs A G Alpina S | Device to avoid overheating of the catalyst during ammonia synthesis |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1142586B (en) * | 1965-01-29 | 1963-01-24 | Lentia Gmbh | Process and device for gas supply in catalytic high pressure reactors |
CN115282881A (en) * | 2017-11-25 | 2022-11-04 | 星火能源公司 | Chemical reactor with integrated heat exchanger |
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