DE9214762U1 - Thermal switch - Google Patents

Description

Description
Thermal switch
State of the art

Heat generators with very different temperature levels are connected together via heat exchangers. Depending on the heat output to be transferred, this results in high costs for the heat exchanger, separate circulation pumps, pressure maintenance systems, etc. During operation, temperature gradients occur on the heat exchanger and thus also heat losses due to the less complete use of heat sources.

The interconnection of different heat generators via heat storage is also known. This involves considerable expenditure for the heat storage and the necessary control and switching technology.

A combination of both variants is represented by heat storage units equipped with heat exchangers in the form of spirals.

Another variant of coupling heat generators with different temperature levels is that the generators with low levels (e.g. heat pump systems, air compressors) are connected as preheaters in front of the actual boiler system, which then heats up to the high level. In this case, complex switching valves are required to enable the two generators to be operated separately. The constant series connection would result in increased hydraulic and thermal losses.

Heat consumers with different temperature levels are connected via mixing valves. Heat is generated at the high level. For consumers with low flow temperatures, enough return water is mixed with the flow until the required flow temperature is reached. This requires increased circulation volumes.

The direct series connection of heat consumers at different temperature levels is also known. The return of the

The heat consumer at a higher level serves as the flow for the consumer at a lower level. This creates hydraulic dependencies for the respective circulation pumps and requires parallel lines for the flow and return with different, non-adjustable heat consumption characteristics.

In heating systems, heat generators and consumers are often connected to one another via hydraulic switches. This avoids problems arising from the series connection of pumps with different flow rates. The circulation volume for the generators can differ from the circulation volume of the consumers. A constant boiler circulation volume is guaranteed. However, up to now only generators and consumers with the same temperature level have been hydraulically decoupled.

If necessary, heating systems are separated. Consumers with different heat consumption characteristics are supplied separately in order to avoid problems with their coupling. This requires completely double the effort for two separate systems.

The state of the art was taken from the following literature:

- Recknagel, Sprenger, Hönmann

Pocket book for heating and air conditioning technology 1992/93 R. Oldenburg Verlag Munich Vienna
Page 507, 510, 518, 687, 691

- Patent specification DD 265 508 (F 24 D 15/34)

- Patent specification DD 238 259 (F 24 D 3/02)

- Lichtenberg, Rolf

Rational compressed air production and compression heat utilization Energy Application 37 (1988) 5, pages 169 - 171

invention

The above-mentioned problems are solved by the measures of claims 1 and 2.

Advantageous effect of the invention

When using this device, other currently common circuit variants such as hydraulic separation - complete or via heat exchangers, temporary heat storage or direct series connection of heat generators or consumers can be dispensed with. Control technology and changeover valves are no longer required. Savings in heating energy and drive energy for circulation pumps are possible.

The economic benefit lies in the compact design, the universality of the application, the simple structure and thus the inexpensive production as well as the simple assembly and maintenance.

The device operates continuously and independently of personnel.

Description of the invention

The design is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Thermal switch

The invention is illustrated in the drawing and described below for a heating system with generators and consumers at different temperature levels.

The container 1 is divided into three different temperature zones, which are formed from four horizontal sieve bottoms 2, which in turn are held by a vertical sieve shell 3. The sieve shell 3 is smaller in diameter than the container 1, so that an annular gap is formed between the two, which in turn is separated horizontally by the sieve bottoms 2 that protrude in the shape of a collar over the sieve shell 3 to the container wall, where the collar-shaped part of the sieve bottoms 2 is designed with a smaller proportion of holes than that located inside the sieve shell 3.

In the upper temperature zone of highest temperature (60...95 ⁰ C), the nozzles 4 and 5 of the flow from generator I and generator II are arranged horizontally offset by 180 ° across the diameter if possible.

The flow water from generator I or generator II hits the screen jacket 3 when it enters the tank 1. Only a part enters directly through the screen openings into the interior of the jacket. The other part of the flow water is diverted into the annular gap and only then gradually enters the interior of the jacket. This prevents intensive mixing of the incoming flow water with the water in the tank and thus heat losses.

The flow of consumer A is connected to the warm temperature zone via a nozzle 6 in the upper base of the tank 1.

In the middle temperature zone (50...70 ⁰ C), the nozzles of the flow of generator II a - 7 - if this only reaches 50...70 ⁰ C, the flow of consumer B - 8, the return of consumer A - 9 and generator I - 10 are also connected, evenly distributed over the tank diameter. The return of consumer A thus becomes the flow of consumer B - hydraulically decoupled via the thermal switch. The heat from generator II a is at least usable for consumer B, even if its temperature is not sufficient to supply consumer A.

In the lower zone of lowest temperature (35...50 ⁰ C) the return pipes of the consumer B-II, of the generator I a, e.g. condensing part of a boiler 12, and of the generator II and II a -13 are connected, the latter at the bottom of the tank 1.

The temperature measuring nozzle 14 in the upper temperature zone is used as the setpoint value for the flow temperature of generator I. If there is a difference between the incoming and outgoing water quantities during operation,

If there is no balanced balance within a temperature zone, there will be an additional hydraulic balance between the temperature zones through the sieve bottoms.

In order to further calm the flow inside the tank, it is possible to provide additional sieve bottoms in each temperature zone as well as additional sieve shells of smaller diameter.

List of reference symbols used

1 - Container

2 - Sieve bottom

3 - Screen jacket

4 - Flow connection generator I

5 - Flow connection generator II

6 - Flow connection consumer A

7 - Flow connection generator II a

8 - Flow connection consumer B

9 - Return pipe consumer A

10 - Return pipe generator I

11 - Return pipe consumer B

12 - Return pipe generator I a

13 - Return pipe generator II and II a

14 - Temperature measuring nozzle

Claims (2)

Protection claims 1. Thermal switch for coupling heat generators and consumers with at least three different temperature levels, consisting of a container with perforated plates and connecting pieces, characterized in that the heat generators and consumers of different temperature levels are connected in a hydraulically decoupled manner via the container (1), whereby in order to achieve the required temperature zones the connecting pieces (4, 5/ 7, 9/ 8, 10) of the same or similar flow and return temperatures are connected to the container in the same horizontal planes and distributed as evenly as possible over the circumference, whereby the temperature zones inside the container are formed by horizontal sieve bottoms (2), which in turn are supported by a sieve jacket (3) arranged at a sufficient distance from the container jacket and protrude in the shape of a collar over this to the container wall, whereby the collar-shaped part of the sieve bottom (2) is designed with a smaller proportion of holes than that located inside the sieve jacket (3). 2. Thermal switch according to claim 1, characterized in that further horizontal sieve bottoms in each temperature zone and sieve shells of smaller diameter are arranged in the container.