DE9208053U1 - Small child seat for motor vehicles - Google Patents

Description

Patent attorney's office Tergau & Pohl, Nuremberg See ^&Lgr;

Description

&bgr; Toddler car seat for motor vehicles

8 The invention relates to a small child seat with the features of the upper

9 of claim 1. This is a so-called

10 "Group Zero Seat" for infants who are transported lying down rather than sitting. The seat shell is therefore more in the shape of a

12 Seat pan. It is usually mounted in different swivel positions on the

13 Chassis can be fixed.

is The child is usually seated in such seats facing the direction of travel of the vehicle.

16 vehicle with the head pointing. The design of a child seat to

&eegr; such a mode of transport is called a "re-board system".

ie The invention is based on the object of providing such a child seat in such a way

a to train him to use the vehicle's own belt system

21 regardless of special structural conditions of different

Universally applicable for 22 vehicle manufacturers and different vehicle types

23 and offers a high level of transport safety for the child. This task

24 is solved by claim 1. This provides a direct safeguard for both

25 essential parts of the child seat, namely the chassis and the seat pan

26 by safety belts. Claim 2 provides an exact position

27 Possibility of fastening a seat belt.

29 It is desirable to use the currently available safety device to secure the child seat

Safety seats installed as standard in a motor vehicle, including on the back seats

31 safety belt system. When arranging the child seat on

32 The rear seats of a car may have a three-point belt, which

33 is designed as an automatic belt and has a lap belt part and a

34 shoulder strap part, which in the following description is referred to as

35 lap belt or shoulder belt. The back seats of a car are usually suitable for three people sitting next to each other.

37 Then there is only one lap belt for the person sitting in the middle.

38 use it regardless of specific makes and vehicle types.

15 June 1992

Patent attorney's office Tergau & Pohl, Nuremberg ?e ^! th 2

&igr; belt systems have a limited belt length in common. The invented

2 The child seat according to the invention is now designed in such a way that the

3 Solution usually with the existing belt lengths of the vehicle's own safety

4 safety belt systems. This is due to the length and positioning

5 of the seat pan in the use position of the child seat not easily

6 is self-evident. Therefore, the construction according to the invention requires a

7 Particular attention has been paid to the belt length-saving design, as is reflected in claim 3.

io Claim 5 ensures that the child seat is securely supported in the event of a crash

&pgr; also on the backrest of the vehicle seat. For this purpose, in this area

\z the chassis must be pulled up sufficiently so that no

13 Maintaining the seating position effectively reduces damaging torques in the event of a crash

&eegr; which removes the child seat from its position on the seat of the vehicle.

i5 vehicle seat lift off.

17 Now there are cases in which the length of the vehicle's own belt or

is belt system is not sufficient to wrap around the seat pan.

ig a special solution is explained below. In this case, however,

20 The shoulder belt is still used to fix the position of the child seat

21. This is what claim 5 is for. According to this, the chassis in the backrest area

22 of the vehicle seat is pulled up so far that a

23 Shoulder belt of a vehicle's own belt system can be effective.

25 In a construction according to claims 6-8, a particularly stable

26 construction. Claim 9 further ensures that

27 the lap belt of the belt system also provides a satisfactory holding force on the

28 chassis. This would not be guaranteed if the

29 The contact area of the lap belt when in use is very close to the gusset μ between the seat surface and the backrest of the vehicle seat.

32 Claim 10 provides a very safety-effective holder for the seat pan

33 is ensured by a safety belt. The direction of the encirclement runs in the

34 essentially horizontal, i.e. in a plane pointing approximately in the direction of travel.

35 In this direction of travel, the belt flanks the seat pan on both sides. se It is particularly advantageous to have a flat belt on the head side of the seat pan facing the direction of travel 37 so that in the event of a crash, the

15 June 1992

Patent Attorney Office Tergau & Pohl, Nuremberg Page 3

&igr; the specific deformation forces acting on the side wall of the tub are kept low.

4 As a rule, the belts used in safety belt systems have a

5 in the event of a crash. The inventive

6 Construction in accordance with the requirements is particularly relevant in the

7 Direction of travel to secure the seat pan a long belt length and thus a &bgr; large belt section effective for the destruction of deformation energy for

9. It should also be noted that such child seats

10 The seat pans used are usually made from a single piece of plastic. It is particularly important here that in the event of a crash as little deformation energy as possible is applied directly to the seat pan.

&eegr; In cases where only a lap belt or

ta a three-point belt of insufficient length is available,

Claim 13 provides a remedy. Here, the special belt is part of a seat-

17 belt system. To ensure secure fixation, the design according to

ie claims 14-16. The fixation of the special belt to the chassis

19 conveniently follows above the support side, so that in the state of use the

20 special belt runs essentially in a horizontal plane in which it

21 safety function is particularly effective in the event of a crash.

23 Experience shows that frontal collisions in motor vehicle traffic are less

24 less common than collisions from the front or from the side. In such cases,

25 len, the fixed positioning of the child seat on a vehicle seat is not

26 without further ado solely by the security devices described above.

27 ments. Due to the large length of the seat pan in

28 Particularly high positional forces are generated in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle

29 head area, i.e. at the end of the seat pan or child seat facing away from the vehicle seat backrest. To provide additional safety here,

31 a design according to claim 17 is provided.

See 32.

34 The subject matter of the subsequent claims are preferred embodiments of the

35 securing strut, which can be fixed to the motor vehicle in different ways for positional securing purposes. The design according to claim 18 of each

37 In this case, the effectiveness of this position-securing strut is over a large

38 width range. It can be secured by a form-fitting system, for example

15 June 1992

Patent Attorney Office Tergau & Pohl, Nuremberg Page 4

&igr; wise at the front edge of the seat without any further fixing measures

2 and thus the positioning security of the child seat on the vehicle seat

3. For this purpose, a length adjustment relative to the chassis

4 useful to adapt to different vehicle conditions

5 to enable.

7 Other possibilities, for example according to claims 23 and 24, see

&bgr; a separate fixation of the position securing strut to the vehicle floor.

&bgr; This undoubtedly means an increase in safety. It goes without saying that

to itself that the advantages of such a position-securing strut are not necessarily

&pgr; and absolutely from the design of the safety belt system according to the

12 features of claim 1 ff.

14 It has already been proposed to attach the seat pan detachably to the chassis.

15 to be able to use it as a child carrier outside of the vehicle. For example, the seat pan has a carrying handle,

17 The crosshead extends at a right angle to the longitudinal direction. This means that the seat pan can be carried like a carrying basket. Here it is particularly useful if the carrying handle can be swivelled around a horizontal transverse axis.

20 is hinged to the seat pan. Then the carrying handle only needs to be

21 claim 25 and used in the manner of such a position securing strut

22 will be.

24 Another form of fixing the position securing strut in its

2s use of the motor vehicle itself is the subject of the claim

27 The subject matter of the invention is illustrated in the figures

28 examples are explained in more detail. They show:

30 Fig. 1 a seat mounted on a vehicle seat by means of only one vehicle

31 child seat secured with its own three-point automatic belt

32 of the invention,

33 Fig. 2 shows a modified embodiment in which a three-point

34 Automatic belt only the chassis of the child seat on the vehicle

35 is fixed, while to fix the seat pan to the chassis a

36 special belt is available,

37 Fig. 3 an embodiment analogous to Fig. 2, but with modified

38 Guide of the shoulder strap on the chassis,

15. Junl19S2

Patent Attorney Office Tergau & Pohl, Nuremberg Page 5

&igr; Fig. 4 an embodiment analogous to Fig. 2 and 3, in which the fixation

2 of the chassis on the vehicle, however, only by a lap belt

3 follows,

4 Fig. 5 a seat pan designed according to the invention in rear view,

5 Fig. 6 a rear view of the head end of the seat pan from the outside with &bgr; shown course of the belt guide,

7 Fig. 7 is a representation analogous to Fig. 1-4 according to the universal

8 usability but without the safety belt system with

9 different designs of a headboard at the head end of the

10 Chassis attachable position securing strut,

11 Fig. 8 an embodiment with a carrying handle for the seat pan as

12 Position securing strut.

14 The child seat essentially consists of the chassis 1 for supporting and

is supported on the vehicle seat 2 and from a supported by the chassis 1, in

i6 special removable and/or pivotable seat pan 3 for

&igr;? extensively delimited child insert. The chassis 1 is attached to both the seat

i8 surface 4 as well as on the backrest 5 of the vehicle seat 2. The

The chassis 1 rests there essentially flat. The chassis 1 and the

20 Seat pan 3 are provided with means for guiding a vehicle seat 2

21 opposite sides of the vehicle. This is

22 on the one hand, the vehicle's own belt system in the form of the lap belt 6 and, if applicable,

23 of the shoulder strap 7. However, this does not mean that

24 These two types of belts must be different belts.

25 Rather, the lap belt 6 and the shoulder belt 7 may also be part of

26 a uniform belt system, e.g. a three-point belt also in the form of a

27 automatic belt.

29 The backrest end 8 of the chassis 1 extends from the seat 4 to approximately

µm to the height of the seat pan edge 9 or at least to the height of the fastening

31 bearing 10 opposite the chassis 1. The long sides of the chassis 1 are

32 by means of skids running in the longitudinal direction 11 of the seat,

33 longitudinal struts 12 are formed. The longitudinal struts 12 are preferably tubular struts

34 made of a metallic material, in particular steel. They are

35 cross braces 13,14 are connected to each other. The backrest end 8

36 is integral with the longitudinal struts 12. This

37 is the support and contact area of the chassis 1 in the form of the two

June 15, 1982

Patent Attorney Office Tergau & Pohl, Nuremberg Page 6

&igr; Longitudinal struts 12 with the cross strut 14 connecting them made of only one bent pipe section.

4 The longitudinal struts 12 of the chassis 1 have between their essentially

5 straight or flat contact areas on the seat 4 and the

6 Backrest 5 of the vehicle seat 2 has a transition area 15, which

7 because it forms an obtuse angle with the strut areas adjacent to both sides.

8 chen. In this transition area 15 are the belt guides

9 gen 16 for at least the lap belt 6 of the vehicle’s safety

10 belt systems.

12 The seat pan 3 has at least one seat backrest 5 of the vehicle

13 of the seat 2 facing away from the side wall 17 for the effective over its extension,

14 flat belt system belt guide means 18. In addition, a clamping device

15 device 19 is provided, by means of which a belt clamp can be provided on the seat pan 3, which also makes a relative displacement of the belt in relation to the seat pan 3 impossible. The clamping device 19 is located at the head end 20 of the seat pan 3 near the edge of the pan 9.

20 In the embodiment according to Fig. 1, the shoulder strap 7 of a

21 automatic belt the seat pan 3. In this case it is the shoulder belt 7, which

22 rather by the clamping device 19 below the head end 20 of the

23 seat pan edge 9 is fixed to the seat pan 3. The lap belt 6 of this

24 automatic belt is guided in the belt guides 16. The

25 lap belt 6 and shoulder belt 7 existing automatic belt is in known

26 fixed in place on the vehicle seat 2, which is not shown in detail here

29 Fig. 2 and 3 show vehicle conditions in which the length of a

so three-point automatic belt with its lap belt 6 and its shoulder belt

31 is not sufficient to fix the seat pan 3 in the position shown in Fig. 1.

32 way. In this case, a special belt 21

33. It is placed around the seat shell 3 in the same way as the

34 Shoulder strap 7 according to Fig. 1. However, its backrest-side belt

35 ends 22 are fixed to the cross brace 13 of the chassis. The special belt 21 is longer

36 adjustable. The length adjustment direction 23 is shown in Fig. 3. The

37 Cross brace 13, to which the belt ends 22 are fixed, extends approximately at the upper end

38 of the transition area 15 into the longitudinal struts 12 of the chassis 1.

15.Junl 19fl2

Patent Attorney Office Tergau & Pohl, Nuremberg String 7

2 The child seat can be easily secured to the vehicle seat 2

3 way. If only the vehicle's own three-point automatic

4 tic belt must be used, proceed as follows: The chas-

5 sis 1 with the seat pan 3 fixed to it is placed on the vehicle seat 2 in such a way that

6 is placed so that it is fixed with its longitudinal struts 12 to the seat 4 and to the

7 backrest 5 is snug. The lap belt is then pulled through the belt guide

8 stanchions 16, which are located in the transition area 15 on the

9 Backrest 5 facing away from the longitudinal struts 12. Then

10 the belt buckle located on the side of the seat not visible in Fig. 1 is inserted.

11 and the shoulder belt 7 is placed around the seat pan 3.

12 ensure that the shoulder belt 7 is attached to the belt guides 18 on the

13 head end 20 of the seat pan 3 is guided along so that a full, flat

14 position of the shoulder belt 7 on the head side wall 17 of the seat pan 3 ensures

15 is achieved. Due to the existing automatic rewinding mechanism, the released

The shoulder strap 7 is automatically tightened. It is then locked into its new

17 no longer secured target position by actuating the clamping device 19 on the seat pan 3. This completes the fastening of the child seat.

18 closed.

21 In the cases shown in Fig. 2-4, the length of the vehicle’s own

₂ 2 belt is not sufficient for the procedure described. In these cases,

23 by the vehicle's own belt - regardless of whether only the lap belt

24 (Fig. 4) or by the lap belt and shoulder belt 7 - only the chassis

25 to the vehicle seat 2. For this purpose, the lap belt 6 is guided through the belt guides 16 on the seat-side in the manner described in 2&bgr; Fig. 1.

27 side of the longitudinal struts 12 is secured in position and tightened. Then the

28 also not visible in these figures on the side of the vehicle seat 2-2&bgr; belt buckle closed and the shoulder belt 7 is already inserted together with the lap belt 6 into the belt guides 16 or it

31 is located outside the belt guides 16 at the rear seat end of the chassis 1,

32 which is formed here by the longitudinal struts 12 attached to the backrest 5.

33. This facility also provides further security for the

34 Chassis. The position of the seat pan 3 is secured on the chassis 1 by means of the

35 special belt 21. This is analogous to the one shown in Fig. 1 in connection

36 is placed around the seat pan with the shoulder strap 7 as described there.

37 Its two seat-side ends 22 are, for example, designed as loops around the

38 Cross brace 13 of the chassis is placed around, i.e. fixed. Then the Son-

15 June 1992

Patent Attorney Office Tergau & Pohl, Nuremberg String 8

&igr; the belt 21 is pulled tight and fixed in the tightened position.

2 a known length adjustment device 23, the structural design of which

3 is not described in detail here and does not play a fundamental role. According to

4 this setting of the special belt 21 in its nominal position relative to the

5 Seat pan 3 is still the clamping device 19 in the area of the head end 20

6 of the seat pan 3 is closed.

a In particular, Fig. 7,8 shows a further position securing device of the

&bgr; child seat, which does not necessarily indicate the presence of the

,o the design of the belt system described above. This

11 Further positional security is achieved by a positional security strut 24,

12 which is effective in the area of the head end 25 of the chassis 1 and over its

13 support side 26 points downwards towards the vehicle floor 27. The µ position securing strut is a strut that extends essentially across the width of the seat.

15 extending bracket 28. It is adjustable in the seat longitudinal direction 11 on the chassis 1.

ie Since the longitudinal struts are 12 tubular struts, this longitudinally adjustable

17 Storage of the position securing strut 24 on the chassis 1 is particularly easy

18 work digits. Simply bend the horizontally bent legs

The ends 29 of the bracket 28 are inserted into the open tube strut ends 12.

21 Through transverse holes 30,31 in the leg ends 29 or in the longitudinal

22 struts 12, the relative position of the position securing struts 24 on the chas-

23 sis 12 in different sliding positions. The additional load

24 securing the chassis 1 by the position securing strut 24 initially

25 by inserting them into the longitudinal struts 12 so far

26 until it rests with its bracket legs 32 on the front of the seat 33

27. The position can then be fixed by inserting fixing

28 pins through the holes 30,31. In any case,

2β now the head end of the chassis 1 already on the vehicle seat 2 by simply placing

thus secured in position.

32 Another possibility is to fix the bracket 28, e.g. by

33 screws 34 on the vehicle floor 27.

35 Another variant consists in the fact that a molded part is

36 end holder 35 into which the bracket 28 can be clipped.

15 June 1992

Patent Attorney Office Tergau & Pohl, Nuremberg String 9

&igr; In the case of Fig. 8, the position securing strut 24 is the downward

2 pivoted support bracket 36 of the seat pan 3 is used. The support bracket 36 is in the

3 Mounting bearings 10 pivoted relative to the chassis 1. The

4 Swivel axis runs transverse to the seat longitudinal direction 11.

6 The crosshead of the support beam, which is pivoted to rest on the vehicle floor,

7 gels 36 is connected by the fixing belt 37 to the cross brace 13 of the chassis 1.

8, whereby the fixing belt 37 is wrapped around the underside 38 of the vehicle seat 2

9. The fixing belt 37 is adjustable in length. This is done by means of a

10 individual length adjustment device 39, not shown in detail. This

11 the fixing belt 37 is clamped between bracket 28 and cross brace 13, whereby

12 In addition to a conventional position securing of the child seat by both

13 For example, the belt system shown in Fig. 1-6 provides further position

14 security is achieved.

June 15, 1&bgr;92

Patent attorney's office Tergau & Pohl, Nuremberg

List of reference symbols

1 Chassis

2 Vehicle seat

3 Seat tray

4 Seat

5 Backrest

6 Lap belt

7 Shoulder strap

8 Backrest end

9 Seat pan wall

10 mounting bearings

11 Seat longitudinal direction

12 Longitudinal strut

13 Cross brace

14 "

15 Transition area

16 Belt guide

17 Side wall

18 Belt guides

19 Clamping device

20 Head end

21 Special belt

22 Belt end

23 Length adjustment direction

24 Position securing frame

25 Head end

26 Support page

27 Vehicle floor

28 brackets

29 Leg end

30 Bore

31 "

32 stirrup legs

33 Seat front

34 Screw

See you

35 Form-locking recess

36 carrying handle

37 Fixing strap

38 Bottom

39 Length adjustment device

IS. June 1992

Claims (1)

Patent Attorney Office Tergau & Pohl, Nuremberg Page &igr; 92356-1/13 3 15 June 1992 6 Claims &bgr; 1. Child seat for motor vehicles with 10 - a chassis (1) for supporting the vehicle seat (2) and 11 - a support carried by the chassis (1), in particular removable therefrom 12 and/or pivotally mounted seat pan (3) for circumferentially 13 limited child deposit, 14 characterized by is that the chassis (1) is attached to both the seat (4) and the backrest 16 backrest (5) of the vehicle seat (2) and that it, as well as the &igr;? Seat pan with means for guiding a seat attached to the vehicle seat (2) i8 is equipped with a seat belt system on the facing sides. 20 2. Child seat according to claim 1, 21 characterized by 22 that a belt guide means (18) is combined with a clamping means (19). 24 3. Child seat according to claim 1, 25 characterized by 26 that the belt guide means (16) of the chassis (1) in which the back 27 backrest (5) or the gusset between the backrest (5) and seat (4) of the 28 Vehicle seat (2) between seat pan (3) and backrest (5) 29 sensitive area. 31 4. Child seat according to claim 3, 32 characterized by 33 that the belt guide means (16,18) for the lying or comprehensive storage 34 Position of a vehicle's own lap and/or three-point belt system 35 are formed and arranged. 15 June 1992 (U:\AN\92356.TXT) Patent Attorney Office Tergau & Pohl, Nuremberg Page 2 &igr; 5. Child seat according to one or more of the preceding claims, 2 characterized by 3 that the backrest end (8) of the chassis (1) is separated from the seat surface 4 support up to approximately the height of the edge (9) or the mounting bracket 5 gers (10) of the seat pan (3) is such that the shoulder belt (7) of a &bgr; vehicle's own safety belt system can also be placed on the chassis (1). 8 6. Child seat according to one or more of the preceding claims, &bgr; characterized by io that the longitudinal sides of the chassis (1) are supported by u tung (11) extending skids effective longitudinal struts (12), in particular 12 are formed by metal struts. 14 7. Child seat according to claim 6, is characterized by ie that the longitudinal struts (12) are tubular struts and are connected by cross struts (13,14) &igr;? are connected to each other. 8. Child seat according to claim 6 or 7, 20 characterized by 21 that the longitudinal struts (12) at the backrest end (8) are connected to 22 one-piece, bent cross struts (14) are connected to each other. 24 9. Child seat according to one or more of the preceding claims, 25 characterized by 26 that the longitudinal struts (12) support the chassis (1) between their substantially 27 flat, i.e. straight or flat contact areas on the seat surface 28 between the seat (4) and the backrest (5) of the vehicle seat (2) 29 have a transition area (15) that is at an obtuse angle to the contact areas, which carries the belt guide (16) for at least the lap belt (6) of the 31 vehicle's own safety belt system. 33 10. Child seat according to one or more of the preceding claims, 34 characterized by 35 that the seat pan (3) is at least at its base against the backrest (5) of the vehicle 36 side wall (17) facing away from the vehicle seat (2) for extending over 37 effective, in particular flat belt system belt guide means (18) 38 points. 15 June 1992 (U.-\ANV92356.TXT) Patent Attorney Ciro Tergau & Pohl, Nuremberg Page 2 11. Child seat according to claim 10, 3 characterized by 4 that the belt guide means (18) are attached close to the edge (9) of the seat pan (3). 5 are arranged. 7 12. Child seat according to claim 10 or 11, a characterized by &thgr; a positioning and dimensioning of the belt guide means (18) for io taking the shoulder belt (7) of a vehicle's own belt system. 12 13. Child seat according to one or more of the preceding claims, 13 characterized by &eegr; a vehicle-external, around the seat shell (3) and in its is a special belt (21) guided by belt guide means (18) which, with its ends 16 den (22) can be fixed to the chassis (1). ie 14. Child seat according to claim 13, ie characterized by 20 that the special belt (21) is fixed at both ends to the highest point of the support side (26). 21 fixed and length-adjustable at the end of the backrest (8) of the chassis (1) 22 ISt. 23 24 15. Child seat according to one or more of the preceding claims, 25 characterized by 26 that the special belt (21) is attached to a point between the longitudinal struts (12) of the 27 Chassis (1) arranged cross brace (13). 29 16. Child seat according to claim 15, so characterized by 31 that the cross brace (13) is approximately at the upper end of the transition area (15) 32 merges into the longitudinal struts (12). 34 17. Child seat in particular according to one or more of the preceding 35 claims, se characterized by 37 a in the area of the head end (25) of the chassis (1) and over June 15, 1992 (&ugr;.&ngr;&Mgr;32356.&Tgr;&KHgr;&eegr; Patent Attorney Office Tergau & Pohl, Nuremberg Page &igr; whose support side (26) points downwards towards the vehicle floor 2 the position securing strut (24) pointing to (27). 4 18. Child seat according to claim 17, 5 characterized by &bgr; that the position securing strut (24) extends substantially over the seat 7 wide extending bracket (28). 9 19. Child seat according to claim 17 or 18, 10 characterized by ,, that the position securing strut (24) is attached to the head end (25) of the chassis (1) i2 is set. u 20. Child seat according to one of claims 17 to 19, is characterized by ie that the position securing strut (24) is adjustable in the seat longitudinal direction (11) on the &igr;? Chassis (1), in particular at its longitudinal struts (12). 19 21. Child seat according to one or more of the preceding claims, 20 characterized by 21 that the position securing strut (24) in the tubular struts of the chassis (1) 22 guided longitudinally and fixed in different sliding positions. 23 xable. 25 22. Child seat according to one or more of the preceding claims, 2β characterized in that 27 that the end of the position securing strut (24) remote from the chassis is approximately at a right angle 28 to the support side (26) of the chassis (1) in away from the seat shell (3) 29 direction downwards. 31 23. Child seat according to one or more of the preceding claims, 32 characterized by 33 that the position securing strut (24) with its end remote from the chassis is 34 tool base (27) can be fixed. 36 24. Child seat according to claim 23, 37 characterized by 38 a detachability of the fixation. 15 June 1992 (U:\ANV52356.TXT) Patent Attorney Office Tergau & Pohl, Nuremberg Sfii ^f e 5 2 25. Child seat according to one or more of the preceding claims, 3 characterized by 4 that the position securing strut (24) is a pivotably mounted on the chassis (1). 5th carrying bracket (36) whose extending over approximately the seat width 6 Crossbar in lowered, backrest-remote swivel position that extends over the 7 Support side (26) of the chassis (1) downwards end of the position 8 securing strut (24). 10 26. Child seat according to one or more of the preceding claims, 11 characterized by 12 between the free end of the position securing strut (24) and 13 extending from the backrest end (8) of the chassis (1) for bracing 14 between these parts, a length-adjustable fixing belt (37) for guiding around the underside (28) of the vehicle seat (2). June 15, 1992 (&ugr;&Lgr;&Agr;&Ngr;\92356.&Tgr;&khgr;&eegr;