DE91732C - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE91732C DE91732C DENDAT91732D DE91732DA DE91732C DE 91732 C DE91732 C DE 91732C DE NDAT91732 D DENDAT91732 D DE NDAT91732D DE 91732D A DE91732D A DE 91732DA DE 91732 C DE91732 C DE 91732C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- glaze
- enamel
- glazed
- electric arc
- metal objects
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 210000003298 Dental Enamel Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001503 Joints Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cacl2 Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021395 porridge Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/4505—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Description
PATENTAMTESPATENT OFFICE
KAISERLICHESIMPERIAL
Metallgegenständen u. dgl.Metal objects and the like.
Die Erzeugung einer Glasur oder Emaille erfordert, soweit es gelingt, durch oberflächliches Schmelzen des zu glasirenden Körpers auf der Masse selbst eine Glasur hervorzurufen, im allgemeinen die Einwirkung einer aufserordentlich hohen Temperatur und, da dies in der Mehrzahl der Fälle nicht ausführbar, die Verwendung besonderer Glasurmittel. Die hohe Temperatur liefs man bisher auf die Weise wirken, dafs man den ganzen zu glasirenden Körper der Schmelztemperatur der Glasur bezw. Emaille aussetzte, wobei der Uebelstand mit in den Kauf genommen werden mufste, dafs man entweder nur leicht oder verhä'ltnifsmäfsig leicht schmelzende Glasuren oder Emaillen verwenden konnte, oder dafs man den ganzen zu glasirenden.Körper bei Verwendung schwerer schmelzender Glasuren durch die hohe Tem- : peratur in Gefahr brachte, seine Gestalt zu verändern, zu schmelzen oder zu verbrennen.The production of a glaze or enamel requires, as far as it is possible to produce a glaze on the mass itself by superficial melting of the body to be glazed, generally the action of an extraordinarily high temperature and, since this cannot be carried out in the majority of cases, the use of special ones Glaze agent. The high temperature has hitherto been allowed to act in such a way that the entire body to be glazed is at the melting temperature of the glaze or the glaze. Exposed enamel, whereby the disadvantage had to be taken into account that one could either use only slightly or relatively easily melting glazes or enamels, or that one could use the whole body to be glazed when using heavier melting glazes due to the high temperature. : temperature put in danger of changing its shape, melting or burning.
Diese Uebelstände vermeidet vorliegende Erfindung dadurch, dafs sie die für das Glasiren und Emailliren nothwendige Wärme nur auf die Oberfläche der zu glasirenden Körper einwirken läfst, was durch die Verwendung des elektrischen Lichtbogens geschieht.The present invention avoids these inconveniences in that it is used for glazing and enamelling necessary heat only on the surface of the bodies to be glazed let act what happens through the use of the electric arc.
Nach diesem neuen Verfahren glasiren sich beispielsweise Chamottesteine, also gewöhnlich unglasirte Steine, sowie aus Chamotte angefertigte Tiegel und Mörtel ohne Weiteres, ferner Gefäfse zur Elektrolyse geschmolzener Salze, sofern man nur den zwischen den Kohlenspitzen entstehenden Lichtbogen auf ihre Oberfläche wirken läfst; solche Steine werden bei diesem Verfahren ohne Zusatz besonderer Glasur^ mittel säure- und alkalifest und widerstehen sehr viel höherer Temperatur als im unglasirten Zustande. Man mufs sich diesen Vorgang damit erklären, dafs die Ghamotte- etc. Masse unter dem Einflüsse der aufserordentlicben Hitze bis zu einer bestimmten Tiefe schmilzt, welche genügend ist, den Kern des Steines gegen Einflüsse zu schützen, und die selbst vorher bestimmbar bezw. regulirbar ist durch die Stärke und Dauer des verwendeten elektrischen Stromes.According to this new process, chamotte stones, for example, are glazed, so usually unglazed stones, as well as crucibles and mortar made of chamotte without further ado, furthermore vessels for the electrolysis of molten salts, provided that only the arcing that occurs between the coal tips is applied to their surface work; Such stones are made in this process without the addition of any special glaze ^ medium resistant to acids and alkalis and withstand much higher temperatures than unglazed ones Conditions. This process must be explained by the fact that the ghamot, etc., mass under the influence of the extraordinary heat melts to a certain depth, which it is sufficient to protect the core of the stone against influences, and that itself beforehand determinable respectively can be regulated by the strength and duration of the electrical power used Current.
Der Flammenbogen wird dabei ähnlich wie beim elektrischen Löthen vortheilhaft durch einen Magneten auf die zu glasirende Stelle gerichtet.The flame arc is advantageous in this, similar to electrical soldering directed a magnet at the place to be glazed.
Wenn man eine besondere Glasur oder Emaille verwendet, so streut man dieselbe in Pulverform oder schmiert sie mit geeigneten Flüssigkeiten in Breiform zunächst auf die zu glasirenden Stellen auf und brennt sie, wie oben beschrieben, elektrisch ein, auch kann man zunächst in gewöhnlicher Weise im Porcellan- oder Emaillirofen einbrennen und hierauf elektrisch weiter brennen., Man erhält unter allen Umständen eine sehr feste Verbindung zwischen Körper und Glasur, und es gelingt auf diese Weise, sogar eine Glasur aufzubrennen, die weit schwerer schmelzbar ist als der zu glasirende Körper.If you use a special glaze or enamel, you sprinkle it in Powder form or smear them with suitable liquids in porridge form first on the to glazing areas and burns them in electrically, as described above; one can also first of all Burn in the usual way in a porcelain or enamel oven and then continue to burn electrically., One obtains under all Under certain circumstances a very solid connection between the body and the glaze, and it works on this It is a way of burning even a glaze which is far more difficult to melt than the one to be glazed Body.
Nach dem neuen Verfahren können auch ganze Schmelz-, Pyrit- oder Emailliröfen in der Weise säure- und hitzebeständiger gemacht werden, dafs dieselben in gewöhnlicher Weise aus Steinen etc. aufgebaut, diese mit Mörtel verbunden werden und hierauf der Lichtbogen an der ganzen Innenwand des Ofens -oder an den Mörtelfugen entlang geführt wird. Es ist auf diese Weise möglich, Thonplatten zu einem Gefäfse beliebiger Form zusammenzusetzen und sie mittelst einer Glasur mit einander zu verbinden; es gelingt auf diese Weise sogar, gesprungene Gefä'ise wieder zu picken. ,Man kann weiterhin Thopgefäfse etc. «.'nach dem Formen und Trocknen, aber vor dem Brennen ganz oder theilweise elektrisch glasiren; die so erzeugte Glasur vermindert als festes Gerüst während des folgenden Brennens das Schwinden des betreffenden Stückes. Es gelingt desgleichen, farbige Glasuren, also Porcellanfarben an einzelnen Stellen schnell und gefahrlos einzubrennen, ohne dafs es nöthig wäre, das ganze Stück im Porcellanofen zu erhitzen, wenn nur durch andere Wärmequellen das betreffende Stück während dieser Operation auf einer Temperatur gehalten wird, die das Springen desselben verhindert. With the new process, entire melting, pyrite or enamel furnaces can also be used in the Can be made more resistant to acid and heat, so that they can be made more resistant to acid in the usual way built from stones etc., these are connected with mortar and then the arc is guided along the entire inner wall of the furnace or along the mortar joints. It is In this way it is possible to assemble clay slabs into a vessel of any shape and to connect them with one another by means of a glaze; In this way it is even possible to jump To peck vessels again. ,One can furthermore, pot pots, etc. 'after molding and drying, but before firing wholly or partly electrically glaze; the so generated As a solid framework, glaze reduces shrinkage during the subsequent firing of the piece in question. The same can be done with colored glazes, i.e. porcelain colors on individual ones Burn in places quickly and safely, without the need to burn the whole piece to be heated in the porcelain oven, if only by other heat sources the piece in question during this operation is kept at a temperature which prevents it from cracking.
Um bei der Ausführung des neuen Verfahrens, sofern es auf grofse Stücke angewendet wird, ein Springen der letzteren zu vermeiden, empfiehlt es sich, diese Stücke zunächst anzuwärmen oder die ganze Operation gleich nach dem Brennen und vor oder während des Abkühlprocesses. auszuführen.In carrying out the new procedure, provided that it is applied to large pieces If the latter is to avoid jumping, it is advisable to warm up these pieces first or the whole operation immediately after firing and before or during the cooling process. to execute.
Das Verschmutzen der erzeugten Glasur durch Kohlenstaub, von den Kohlen des Lichtbogens herrührend, kann durch Zusatz gewisser Substanzen zu den Kohlen vermieden werden. In dieser Hinsicht wirkt z. B. Chlorcalcium-Zusatz günstig (vergl. Patenschrift Nr. 65734).The contamination of the glaze produced by coal dust, from the coals of the arc can be avoided by adding certain substances to the coals. In this regard, z. B. calcium chloride addition favorable (see. Patent No. 65734).
Claims (3)
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE91732C true DE91732C (en) |
Family
ID=363331
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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DENDAT91732D Active DE91732C (en) |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE91732C (en) |
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- DE DENDAT91732D patent/DE91732C/de active Active
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